BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE CONCEPTS 1 BIO113 2007

Unit 4 Disease and the Immune System

Consult lecture notes, textbook, and list of objectives to prepare for Exam Unit 4

UNIT 4 Chapter 17, 18, 19 See lecture notes for specific pages 26.1, 26.3 (portions), 26.4, 26.5 Testing yourself, page 468 #s 1, 2, 3, 11, 17, Chapter 26 18, 19, 22, 32, 36, 37

The review questions are “big picture” questions. The comprehensive information is in your notes and textbook

1. What is the history of the development of the “germ theory of disease”? 2. What do the following terms mean? pathogen, microbe, infectious agent, epidemic, plague 3. How are certain diseases transmitted by inhalation, body fluids, ingestion, and vectors? Provide examples of each. 4. Why are prions and viruses are not considered to be alive? (pg 266) 5. What are differences and similarities between mad cow disease, CJD and Kuru? What is the causative pathogen? What are the symptoms? 6. How does the normal brain prion, prp, compare to the abnormally folded prion? How does a spongiform brain develop? 7. What is the mode of infection of the HIV? What is the difference between the asymptomatic period, latency, and symptomatic periods? How can disease transmission be prevented? What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? To discuss the mutational rate of HIV and its ability to resist drug treatment (pg 466) 8. What is the relationship between papilloma virus infection, genital warts, and cervical cancer? 9. How are Herpes viruses transmitted? What are are differences between oral and genital herpes, chicken pox and shingles? 10. What is meant by a dormant virus? 11. Why does the United States no longer vaccinates for smallpox even though smallpox can be deadly? 12. What is polio? How is the virus transmitted? What are the symptoms of polio? 13. Why has the WHO not been able to eradicate polio? 14. What was the 1920 flu pandemic and how has it differed from other flu epidemics? 15. What is meant by genetic rearrangement of flu virus and how does this relate to the CDC’s manufacture of the yearly flu vaccine? 16. What are some of the important roles of bacteria in the environment, bioremediation, food science, and biotechnology? (pg 274) 17. What was the effect of the Plague, or Black Death, on the population in the middle ages? 18. What causes the plague? 19. How is Lyme disease related to an insect vector? What type of pathogen causes the disease? What are the symptoms of Lyme disease and how is it treated? 20. What is E. coli 0157 and how has this disease infected humans in the past few years? 21. How can food borne diseases such as E. coli 0157 and salmonella be prevented? 22. Why is MRSA dangerous? What is antibiotic resistance (pg 274) and why is this dangerous to humans? How can antibiotic resistant bacteria be prevented? BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE CONCEPTS 2 BIO113 2007 23. How does the number of bacteria in and on a human compare with the total number of human cells in a person? 24. In what way is malaria an insect vector-borne disease? What type of pathogen causes the disease? What are the symptoms of malaria disease and how is it treated? To what kingdom does the malarial parasite belong? 25. Why are round worm, tapeworm, pinworm, and others considered to be parasitic diseases? What kingdom are these pathogens in? (pg 313) 26. What are the organs of the lymphatic system (include red bone marrow, thymus gland, spleen, and lymph nodes) (pg 456) 27. What is the difference between specific and nonspecific body defense systems and between self antigens, foreign antigens (non-self), and antibodies? (pg. 458 – 460) 28. What different roles do B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes play in specific immunity (pg 460) 29. What are vaccines made from? 30. How does the production of antibodies by B cells to foreign antigens relate vaccine preparation and B-cell memory? (pg 464) 31. What is the role of the immune system in allergy and in autoimmune disease? (pg 465) 32. What are some of the diseases that US children are routinely vaccinated for?

Try this study guide: Continue the table for all diseases in Unit 4 (prion diseases, flu, smallpox, rhinovirus, chicken pox/shingles, oral herpes, genital herpes, HIV, polio, Lyme, salmonella, MRSA, E. coli 0157, malaria, various worms

Disease Type of Transmission Symptoms Other notes pathogen route Malaria Protozoa Mosquito vector Fatigue, fever, sweat Protozoa infects red blood cells. 300 million infected. Kingdom protozoa.

Flu Virus Respiratory Fever, respiratory Vaccine every year because virus inhalation illness mutates. 40 million deaths in 1920 pandemic