8Th Grade Vocabulary

8th Grade Vocabulary

8-1 Vocabulary

1. INDEPENDENT VARIBLE: THE VARIABLE THAT CHANGES OR MANIPULATED 2. DEPENDENT VARIABLE: THE VARIABLE THAT RESPONDS TO THE INDEPENDENT VARIALBE 3. CONTROL VARIABLE OR CONSTANT: THE VARIALBE THAT STAYS THE SAME 4. CONTROL GROUP: IS THE EXPERIEMENT WITH THE VARIABLE OR IV LEFT OUT AND IS USED FOR COMPARISON (IS REPRESENTED SOMETIMES BY THE NUMBER 0) 5. REPEATED TRIALS: WHEN YOU REPEAT AN EXPERIMENT MORE THAN ONCE FOR ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY 6. SPRING SCALE: MEASURES FORCE (NEWTONS, N) 7. GRADUATED CYLINDER: MEASURES VOLUME (MILILITER (ML), LITERS (L), AND CUBIC CENTIMENTERS (CM3 OR CC) 8. TRIPLE-BEAM BALANCE: MEASURES MASS (GRAMS (G) AND KILOGRAMS (KG) 9. COVEX LENS: REFRACT AND FOCUSES LIGHT 10. CONCAVE LENS: REFRACT AND SPREADS OUT LIGHT 11. METRIC RULER: MEASURES LENGTH (METERS (M) 12. THERMOMETER: MEASURES TEMPERATURE (CELSIUS (C), FAHRENHEIT (F), AND KELVIN (K) 13. PRISM: REFRACT AND SEPARATE LIGHT 14. STOP WATCH: MEASURES TIME (SECONDS (S), MINUTES (MIN), AND HOURS (HR) 15. SAFETY GOGGLES: USED TO PROTECT YOUR EYES 16. LABORATORY APRON: USED TO PROTECT YOUR CLOTHES AND BODY 17. WAFTING: WHEN YOU MOVE ODORS TOWARDS YOUR NOSE WITH YOUR HAND 18. EYEWASH FOUNTAIN: USED TO RINSE CHEMICALS OUT OF YOUR EYES 19. QUANITATIVE OBSERVATION: DATA USING NUMBERS 20. QUALITATIVE OBSERVATION: DATA USING YOUR 5 SENSES 21. INFERENCE: MAKING AN ASSUMPTION ON WHAT YOU OBSERVE 22. PREDICTION: PREDICTING THE FUTURE 23. HYPOTHESIS AN EDUCATED GUESS 24. MENICUS: THE CURVE IN A GRADUACTED CYLINDER 25. WATER DISCPLACEMENT: MEASURES THE VOLUME OF AN IRREGULAR SHAPE OBJECT 26. STEPS TO THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD A. GATHER INFORMATION B. MAKE AN OBSERVATION C. FORM A HYPOTHESIS D. EXPERIMENT (TEST THE HYPOTHESIS) E. RECORD AND ANALYZE DATA F. STATE THE CONCLUSION G. COMMUNICATE THE RESULTS 8-2 VOCABULARY

1. NATURAL SELECTION: WHEN AN ORGANISM IS ABLET SURVIVE, REPRODUCE, AND CHANGE OVER TIME OR EVOVLE (SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST) 2. EVOLUTION: WHEN SPECIES CHANGE OVER TIME TO A MORE COMPLEX OR BETTER FORM 3. ADAPTATION: A TRAIT THAT ALLOWS SPECIES TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE 4. GEOLOGIC TIME DIVISIONS FROM LARGEST TO SMALLEST (EONS, ERAS, PERIODS, AND EPOCH) 5. GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE: INCLUDES LIFEFORMS AND GEOLOGIC EVENTS IN EARTH’S HISTORY 6. PRECAMBRIAN TIME: LONGEST PART OF HSITORY (88%) WHERE CYANOBACTERIA, SOFT BODIED ANIMALS, ALGAE, INVERTEBRATES FIRST APPEARED AND THE EARTH FORMED. MASS EXTINCTION: ICE AGE/GLACIATION 7. PALEOZOIC ERA: (AGE OF FISH OR TRILOBITES) ERA WHERE AMPHIBIANS, TRILOBITES, FISH, INSECTS, VERTEBRATES, REPTILES, AND GYMNOSPERMS (SEEDED PLANTS) FIRST APPEARED AND WHERE TRIOLBITES, VERTEBRATES, AND FISH BECAME DOMINANT: MASS EXTINCTION: LOWERING OF SEA LEVELS, VOLCANIC ACTIVITY, AND CLIMATIC CHANGES 8. MESOZOIC ERA: (AGE OF REPTILES OR DINOSAURS) ERA WHREE DINOSUARS, BIRDS SMALL MAMMALS, ANGIOSPERMS (FLOWERING PLANTS, FIRST APPEARED/ PANGEA FORMED AND SPLIT DURING THIS ERA/ DINOSAURS, REPTILES AND SEEDED PLANTS BECAME DOMINANT: MASS EXTINCTION: ASTEROIDS, METEORS, OR COMETS 9. CENOZOIC ERA: (AGE OF MAMMALS) ERA WHERE MAMMALS AND HUMANS FIRST APPEARED/ CONTINENTS FORMED/ IS THE MOST DIVERSE ERA BECAUSE IT CONTAINS MORE DIFFERENT KINDS OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS/ MAMMALS, HUMANS, AND BIRDS BECAME DOMIMANT/ NO MASS EXTINCTION 10. LAW OF SUPERPOSITION: STATES THAT THE YOUNGEST ROCK LAYERS ARE FOUND ON THE TOP AND THE OLDEST ROCK LAYERS ARE FOUND AT THE BOTTOM 11. INTRUSTION: MAGMA THAT CUTS TRHOUGH THE ROCK LAYERS AND IF IT CUTS THROUGH THE ROCK LAYER, THEN IT IS THE YOUNGEST 12. FAULT: CUTS THROUGHT THE ROCK LAYERS AND IF IT CUTS THROUGH THE ROCK LAYERS, THEN IT IS THE YOUNGEST 13. RELATIVE AGE: USES THE WORDS YOUNGER AND OLDER TO DESCRIBE THE AGE OF ROCK LAYERS 14. ABSOLUTE AGE: USES NUMBERS TO DESCRIBE THE AGE OF ROCK LAYERS 15. INDEX FOSSILS: MUST BE EXTINCT, ONLY LIVES FOR A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME, TELLS THE REATIVE AGE OF ROCKS, ONLY FOUND IN ONE LAYER, AND WIDESPREAD 16. UNCONFORMITY: GAP IN THE GEOLOGIC RECORD/ROCK LAYERS LOST DUE TO WEATHERING AND EROSION 17. MOLD: CAVITIES IN THE SHAPE OF THE ORGANISM 18. PETRIFIED: TURN INTO ROCK 19. CAST: FORMS WHEN THE MOLD IS FILL 20. PRESERVED: FORMS WHEN AN ORGANISM IS TRAPPED INTO ROCK, ICE, TAR, OR AMBER (RITA) 21. CARBONIZED: FORMS WHEN PLANT MATERIALS ARE TRAPPED BETWEEN ROCK AND THE CARBON FORMS AN IMPRINT 22. TRACE: FOSSILIZED FOOTPRINTS, TRAILS, OR BURROWS 23. MANMADE EXTINCTIONS: POLLUTION, OVER HARVESTING, HUNTING, FARMING, AND LAND DEVELOPMENT 24. NATURAL EXTICNTIONS: CLIMATIC CHANGES, DROUGHT, GLOBAL WARMING, GLOBAL COOLING, VOLCANIC ACTIVITY, ASTEROIDS, AND EARTHQUAKES 8-3 VOCBULARY

1. CRUST: EARTH LAYER THAT IS THE THINNEST, OUTTERMOST, AND THE LEAST DENSE SOLID LAYER 2. CONTIENTIAL CRUST: LEAST DENSE CRUST, LOCATED ON OR UNDER LAND, OLDEST CRUST, AND CONTAINS GRANITE ROCK 3. OCEANIC CRUST: MOST DENSE CRUST, LOCATED UNDER THE OCEAN, YOUNGEST CRUST BECAUSE IT’S BEING RECYCLED, SINKS DURIND A SUBDUCTION ZONE BECAUSE IT’S THE MOST DENSE CRUST AND IT CONTAINS BASALT ROCK 4. LITHOPSHERE: EARTH LAYER THAT IS SOLID AND LIES BETWEEN THE CRUST AND THE UPPER MANTLE (ASTHENOSPHERE)/ CONTAINS THE TECTONIC OR LITHOSPHERIC PLATES THAT FLOATS ON TOP OF THE ASTHENOSPHERE 5. ASTHENOSPHERE: EARTH LAYER KNOWN AS THE UPPER MANTLE/ IT IS A SOFT SOLID 6. MANTLE: THE EARTH LAYER THAT CONTAINS THE MOST MASS BECAUSE IT IS THE THICKEST LAYER/ CONTAINS CONVECTION CURRENTS THAT MOVES THE SOFT SOLID ROCKS/ SOFT SOLID 7. OUTER CORE: THE ONLY LIQUID EARTH LAYER AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAGNETIC FIELD/ MADE UP OF IRON AND NICKEL METALS 8. INNER CORE: THE EARTH LAYER THAT EXISTS AS A SOLID BEAUSE OF SO MUCH HEAT AND PRESSURE/ MOST DENSE LAYER/ MADE UP OF IRON AND NICKEL 9. PANGEA: WHEN CONTINENTS WHERE JOINED TOGETHER IN ONE LARGE LANDMASS 10. EVIDENCE OF PANGEA FORMATION AND SPLIT: FOSSILS, LANDFORMS, CONTINENTAL SHAPE FEATURES, ROCK STRUCTURE, AND CLIMATIC CHANGES 11. THEORY OF PLATE TECTIONICS: EXPLAINS WHY AND HOW LARGE SECTIONS OF EARTH’S CRUST CALLED LITHOPHERIC OR TECTONIC PLATES MOVE 12. DIVERGENT BOUNDARY: PLATES SPREAD APART/STRESS: TENSION/FAULT: NORMAL/FORMS: RIFTS, RIDGES, NEW CRUST, AND VOLCANIC ACTIVITY 13. CONVERGENT BOUNDARY: PLATES COLLIDE OR PUSH TOGETHER/STRESS: COMPRESSION/FAULT: REVERSE/FORMS: TRENCHES (OO), MOUNTIANS (CC), VOLCANIC ACTIVITY AND SUBDUCTION ZONE (OO AND CO) 14. TRANSFORM: PLATES SLIDES PASS EACH OTHER/STRESS: SHEARING/FAULT: STRIKE- SLIP/FORMS: EARTHQUAKES AND FAULTS 15. CONSTRUCTIVE VOLCANO: ADDS NEW ROCK TO FORM NEW LAND AND ISLANDS 16. DESTRUCTIVE VOLCANO: CAUSES EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS THAT CHANGES THE LANDSCAPE 17. MAGMA: FOUND INSIDE THE VOLCANO 18. LAVA: MAGMA FOUND ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE VOLCANO 19. PACIFIC RING OF FIRE: WHERE THE MOST ACTIVE VOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES EXIST 20. FAULT-BLOCK MOUNTAIN: FORMS IF NORMAL FAULTS UPLIFT A BLOCK OF ROCK 21. EPICENTER: LOCATED RIGHT ABOVE THE FOCUS AND HAS THE GREATEST AMOUNT OF ENERGY 22. FOCUS: RELEASES ENERGY(SEISMIC WAVES) 23. FAULT: A BREAK IN THE EARTH’S CRUST/IS WHERE THE EARTHQUAKE TAKES PLACE 24. SEISMIC WAVES: IS ENERGY THAT IS BEING SENT OUT FROM THE FOCUS 25. PRIMARY WAVES: FIRST WAVE/FASTEST/MOVES BACK AND FORTH IN THE SAME DIRECTION OF THE WAVE/ LONGITUDINAL OR COMPRESSIONAL WAVE/ MOVES THROUGH SOLID AND LIQUIDS WITHIN OR INSIDE THE EARTH 26. SECONDARY WAVES: SECOND WAVE/SLOWER THAN PRIMARY/MOVES AT RIGHT ANGLES TO PRIMARY WAVES CAUSING ROCKS TO MOVE UP AND DOWN/ MOVES PERPENDIUCULAR TO THE WAVE MOTION/TRANSVERSE WAVE/ONLY TRAVELS THROUGH SOLIDS WITHIN OR INSIDE THE EARTH 27. SURFACE WAVE: 3RD WAVE TO LEAVE/FORMS WHEN P AND S WAVES REACH THE SURFACE/SLOWEST WAVE/ MOST DESTRUCTIVE WAVE/TRAVEL THROUGH LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS 28. SEIMOGRAPH: THE INSTRUMENT THAT MEASURES AND RECORDS SEISMIC WAVES 29. SEISMOGRAM: VIBRATIONS RECORDED/LOOKS LIKE JAGGED LINES ON PAPER 30. S-P INTERVAL: MEASURES THE DIFFERNCE BETWEEN THE ARRIVAL TIME OF P AND S WAVES 31. TRIANGULATION: IDENTIFIES OR LOCATES THE EPICENTER WHERE 3 CIRCLES INTERSECT 32. IGNEOUS ROCK: FOUND NEAR OR AROUND VOLCANOES/ FORM FROM MAGMA OR LAVA/PROCESS: MELTING, COOLING, AND CRYSTALIZATION 33. INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK: FORMS INSIDE THE VOLCANO/COOLS SLOWLY/ FORMS FROM MAGMA/ FORMS LARGE CRYSTALS 34. EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK: FORMS OUTSIDE THE VOLCANO/COOLS QUICKLY/FORMS FROM LAVA/FORMS NO OR SMALL CRYSTALS 35. SEDIMENTARY ROCK: FOUND NEAR BODIES OF WATER/CONTAINS FOSSILS/OFTEN FORM LAYERS/ PROCESS: COMPACTION AND CEMENTATION 36. METAMORPHIC ROCK: FOUND BENEATH THE EARTH’S SURFACE/FORMS WHEN ROCKS ARE CHANGED INTO DIFFERENT KINDS OF ROCK/ CAN BE FOLIATEDOR NONFOLIATED/ PROCESS: HEAT AND PRESSURE 37. ROCK CYCLE: IS AN ONGOING PROCESS WHERE ROCKS CHANGES INTO DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROCKS 38. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: HARDNESS, LUSTER, COLOR, TEXTURE, THE WAY MINERAL SPLITS, OR DENISTY 39. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: THE ABILITY TO BURN/THE REACTIVITY TO ACIDS 40. MINERALS: IS WHAT LL ROCKS ARE MADE UP OF/THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF ROCKS 41. ORES: MINERALS THAT ARE MINED BECAUSE THEY CONTAIN USEFUL METALS OR NOMETALS 42. FOSSIL FUELS: NATURAL FUELS THAT COME FROM THE REMAIN OF LIVING THINGS SUCHA AS DEAD PLANTS, SHELLS, PLANKTONS, AND ANIMAL SKELETONS/FUELS GIVES OFF ENERGY WHEN THEY BURN/3 TYPES: COAL, PETROLEUM OIL, AND NATURAL GAS 43. NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES: ENERGY RESOURCES THAT CANNOT BE REPLACED OR RENEWED/EX: FOSSIL FUELS (COAL, PETROLEUM OIL, AND NATURAL GAS) 44. RENEWABLE RESOURCES: ENERGY RESOURCES THAT CAN BE REPLACED OR RENEWED/EX: WIND, WATER, SUNLIGHT, AND TREES 45. TOPOGRAPIC MAPS: MAPS THAT ARE USE SYMBOLS TO PROTRAY THE LAND AND PROVIDES INFORMATION ON ELEVATION USING CONTOUR LINES 46. STEEP SLOPE: LINES CLOSE TOGETHER 47. GENTLE SLOPE: LINES FAR APART 48. CONTOUR LINES: SHOWS THE ELEVATION ON TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS 49. CONTOUR INTERVALS: SHOWS THE DIFFERENCE AMONG THE COUTOUR LINES 50. HOTSPOT: FORMED HAWAII 51. AERIAL MAP: MAPS MADE USING PICTURES/DARK AREAS: WATER/SQUARES: HOUSES 8-4 VOCABULARY

1. INNER PLANETS: (MERCURY, VENUS, EARTH, AND MARS)/ ROCKY PLANETS, SMALLER PLANETS, 0-4 MOONS/ REVOLVES FASTER AROUND THE SUN/HAS NO RINGS/ AND WARMER 2. OUTER PLANETS: (JUPITER, SATURN, URANUS, AND NEPTUNE)/ GASEOUS PLANETS/LARGHER PLANETS/HAS LOTS OF MOONS/ REVOVLES SLOWER AROUND THE SUN/HAS RINGS/ COLDEST 3. ROTATION: SPINNING ON TH EAXIS/RESPONSIBLE FOR DAY AND NIGHT 4. REVOLUTION: GOING AROUND SOMETHING OR ORBIT/RESPONSIBLE FOR YEARS 5. COMET: MADE OF ICE AND ORBITS THE SUN 6. ASTEROID: IS A ROCK THAT ORBITS MARS AND JUPITER 7. METEOR: IS A ROCK BURING IN THE ATMOSPHERE/SHOOTING STARS 8. METEORITE: IS A ROCK THAT STRIKES PLANETS 9. ELIPTICAL ORBIT: OVAL SHAPE ORBIT/HOW THE PLANETS ORBIT 10. SUNSPOT: COOL, DAR SPOTS ON THE SUN 11. CORONA: IS THE OUTER LAYER OF THE SUN AND CAN ONLY BE SEEN WHEN A TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE OCCURS/SENDS OUT SOLAR WIND 12. PHOTOSPHERE: IS THE PART OF THE SUN THAT EMITS LIGHT AND THE PART THAT WE SEE 13. SOLAR FLARE: ARE EXPLOSIONS ON THE SUN 14. PROMINENCES: ARE LOOPING ARCHES OF THE SUN 15. MAGNETIC FIELD: PROTECTS THE EARTH FROM SOLAR WIND 16. AUROAS: FORMS NEAR THE NORTH POLE WHEN CHARGED PARTICLES CAUSES THE ATOMOSPHERE TO GLOW 17. MAGNETIC STORM: OCCURS WHEN SOLAR FLARES AND PROMINENCES INCREASES/AFFECTS ELCTRONICS ON EARTH 18. MOON PHASES: CAUSED BY REVOLUTION AND HOW MUCH SUN LIGHT SHINES ON THE MOON/NEW MOON, WAXING CRESENT, 1ST QUARTER MOON, WAXING GIBBOUS MOON, FULL MOON, WANNING GIBBOUS MOON, 3RD OR LAST QUARTER MOON, AND WANING CRESCENT 19. WAXING: TO ADD ON (WAX ON) 20. WANING: TO TAKE AWAY OR TAKE OFF (WAX OFF) 21. GIBBOUS: HUMP 22. ECLIPSE: THE ALIGNMENT OF THE SUN, EARTH AND MOON 23. SOLAR ECLISPSE: WHEN THE NEW MOON BLOCKS THE SUNLIGHT FROM THE EARTH/ALIGNMENT: SUN-NEW MOON-EARTH/OCCURS DURING THE DAY 24. LUNAR ECLISPES: WHEN THE EARTH BLOCKS THE SUNLIGHT FROM THE FULL MOON/ALIGHMENT: SUN-EARTH-MOON/ OCCURS AT NIGHT 25. TIDES: THE RISE AND FALL OF OCEAN WAVES/ CAUSED MY THE GRAVIATIONAL PULL OF THE MOON AND SUN 26. SPRING TIDES: WHEN THE SUN AND THE MOON ARE ALIGNED THE HIGH TIDES ARE HIGHER AND THE LOW TIDES ARE LOWER/DEALS WITH THE FULL MOON AND NEW MOON 27. NEAP TIDES: WHEN THE SUN AND THE MOON ARE AT RIGHT ANGLES TO EACH OTHER OR PERPENDICULAR/THE HIGH AND LOW TIDES ARE THE LEAST DIFFERENCE IN THE TIDES RANGE AT THE SHORE 28. SEASONS: CAUSED BY REVOLUTION AND THE EARTH’S TILT OF 23.5 29. SOLSTICE: OCCURS WHEN THERE ARE LONGER AND SHORTER DAYS AND NIGHTS/DEALS WITH SUMMER AND WINTER 30. EQUINOX: OCCURS WHEN THERE ARE EQUAL DAYS AND NIGHTS/DEALS WITH FALL AND SPRING 31. SATELITES: ORBITS OR REVOLVE AROUND THE EARTH 32. SPACE PROBE: ORBITS OR REVOLVE OUTSIDE THE EARTH LIKE JUPITER AND OTHER PLANETS 33. SPECTROSCOPE: COLLECT THE LIGHT FROM DSITANT STARS AND SEPARATE LIGHT INTO BANDS OF DIFFERENT COLORS/ BY STUDYING THESE BANDS, ASTRONOMERS IDENTIFY THE ELEMENTS IN A STAR. 34. MASS: AMOUNT OF MATTER THAT DOES NOT DEPEND ON GRAVITY/NOT A FORCE/ DOES NOT CHANGE 35. WEIGHT: DEPENDS ON GRAVITY/IS A FORCE/CAN CHANGE DEPENDING ON GRAVITY 36. GALAXY: A COLLECTION OF STARS, DUST, AND ROCKS THAT IS HELD TOGETHER BY GRAVITY (MILKY WAY) 37. LIGHT YEAR: THE UNIT OF MEASUREMENT ASTRONOMERS USE TO MEASURE THE DISTANCE TO STARS AND GALAXIES IN SPACE 38. SPIRAL GALAXY: GALAXY WITH ARMS 39. ELIPTICAL GALAXY: OVAL SHAPE GALAXY 40. IRREGULAR GALAXY: GALAXIES THAT DON’T HAVE A SHAPE

8-5 VOCABULARY

1. MOTION: OCCURS WHEN THERE IS A CHANGE IN POSITION 2. DISTANCE: HOW FAR SOMETHING TRAVESL (10 METERS) 3. DISPLACEMENT: HOW HAR SOMETHING TRAVELS IN A CERTAIN DIRECTION (DISTANCE AND DIRECTION (10 METERS NORTH) 4. SPEED: MEASURES HOW FAST SOMETHING MOVES A PARTICULARY DISTANCE OVER A GIVEN AMOUNT OF TIME (50 MPH) 5. VELOCITY: A SPEED WITH A DIRECTION (SPEED AND DIRECTION)/ (50 MPH NORTH) 6. DISTANCE-TIME GRAPH: SPEED GRAPHS (FAST CONSTANT, NO MOTION CONSTANT, RETURNING BACK TO THE STARTING POINT, SLOWER CONSTANT, DECLERATION, AND ACCELERATION) 7. SPEED FORMULA: V=D/T 8. CONSTANT SPEED: SPEED THAT DON’T CHANGE 9. AVERAGE SPEED: SPEED THAT CHANGES 10. GRAVITY: FORCE WITH A DOWNWARD PULL 11. FRICTION: FORCE THAT SLOWS DOWN AND CAUSES OBJECTS TO STOP 12. AIR RESITANCE: IS A FORCES THAT OPPOSES MOTION/EX: USING A PARACHUTE 13. BALANCE FORCE: A FORCE THAT WILL CAUSE NO CHANGE IN THE MOTION OF THE OBJECT/EQUAL/DOES NOT MOVE/ NET FORCE IS ALWAYS ZERO (0) 14. UNBALANCE FORCE: A FORCE WTHAT WILL CAUSE A CHANGE IN THE MOTION OF THE OBJECT/DOES MOVE/UNEQUAL/HAS A NET FORCE HIGHER THAN ZERO 15. INERTIA: NEWTON’S 1ST LAW OF MOTION/STATES THAT ANYTHING IN MOTION STAYS IN MOTION AND ANYTHING AT REST STAYS AT REST UNLESS AN UNBALANCE FORCE ACTS UPON IT/MORE MASS=MORE INERTIA/LESS MASS=LESS INERTIA 8-6 VOCABULARY

1. WAVE: A REPEATTED VIBRATION THAT TRANSFERS ENERGY FROM PLACE TO PLACE/WAVES TRANSPORT ENERGY BUT NOT MATTER 2. MEDIUM: MATERIAL THROUGH WHICH WAVES CAN TRAVEL. IT CAN BE A SOLID, LIQUID, OR GAS 3. MECHANICAL WAVES: WAVES THAT REQUIRES OR TRAVEL THROUGH A MEDIUM/SPEED CHANGES 4. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES: WAVES THAT TRAVEL THROUGH EMPTY SPACE OR A VACUUM/SPEED STAYS THE SAME 5. TRANSVERSE WAVE: WAVES THAT MOVE BACK AND FORTH PERPENDICULAR AT RIGHT ANGLES TO THE DIRECTION OF THE WAVE 6. COMPRESSIONAL/LONGITUDINAL: WAVES THAT ARE PUSHING TOGETHER AND MOVING APART PARALLEL TO THE DIRECTION IN WHICH THE WAVE TRAVELS 7. CREST: TOP PART OF A TRANSVERSE WAVE 8. TROUGH: BOTTOM PART OF A TRANSVERSE WAVE 9. COMPRESSION: PARTS OF THE LONGITUDINAL WAVE THAT ARE CLOSE TOGETHER 10. RAREFACTION: PARTS OF THE LONGITUDINAL WAVE THAT ARE FAR APART 11. FREQUENCY: MEASURES HOW MANY WAVES PASS A POINT IN A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF TIME 12. AMPLITUDE: MEASURES THE DISTANCE FROM THE REST POSITION TO THE CREST OR TO THE TROUGH (HEIGHT OF THE WAVE) 13. WAVELENGTH: MEASURES THE DISTANCE FROM CREST TO CREST OR TROUGH TO TROUGH IN A TRANSVERSE WAVE / COMPRESSION TO COMPRESSION OR RAREFACTION TO RAREFACTION IN A LONGITUDINAL /COMPRESSIONAL WAVE 14. WAVE TOOLS: SPECTROSCOPE, COLOR FILTERS, TUNNING FORK, SLINKY, PLANE MIRROR, PRISM, AND PENCIL IN A TRANSPARENT CUP 15. OUTER EAR: COLLECT OR GATHER SOUND (PINNA AND EAR CANAL) 16. MIDDLE EAR: AMPLIFY OR INCREASE THE SOUND (EAR DURM AND THE 3 BONES/ANVIL, HAMMER, AND STIRRUP) 17. INNER EAR: TINY HAR PARTICLES WITHIN THE COCHLEA INTERPRET SOUND AND THE AUDITORY NERVE SENDS ELECTRICAL IMPULSES TO THE BRAIN(COCHLEA AND AUDITORY NERVE) 18. REFLECTION: BENDING OF WAVES 19. REFLECTION: THE BOUNCING BACK OF WAVES 20. TRANSMISSION: OCCURS WHEN WAVES PASS THROUGH A GIVEN POINT OR MEDIUM 21. TRANSPARENT: WHEN ALL LIGHT WAVES PASS THROUGH 22. TRANSLUCENT: WHEN SOME LIGHT WAVES PASS THROUGH 23. OPAQUE: WHEN NO LIGHT WAVES PASS THROUGH 24. ABSORPTION: WHEN CERTAIN FREQUENCIES OF LIGHT OCCURS WHEN THE ENRGY IS NOT TRANSFERRED THROUGH OR REFLECTED BY THE GIVEN MEDIUM 25. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM: 26. CORNEA: REFRACTS LIGHT 27. IRIS: THE COLOR OF THE EYE 28. PUPIL: HOLE IN THE EYE 29. CONVEX LENS: REFRACTS AND FOCUS LIGHT 30. RETINA: PRODUCES NERVE IMPULES 31. OPTIC NERVE: SENDS THE SIGNAL TO THE BRAIN 8-3 VOCBULARY QUIZ PART 1 (ACADEMIC)

NAME: ______DATE: ______PERIOD: ______

DIRECTION: PLACE THE CORRECT TERM IN THE BLANK

CRUST CONTINENTIAL CRUST MANTLE PANGEA LITHOSPHERE LANDFORMS

FOSSILS INNER CORE OCEANIC CRUST ASTHENOSPHERE CONTINENTAL SHAPE

OUTER CORE CLIMATIC CHANGES

1. ______: THE ONLY LIQUID EARTH LAYER AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAGNETIC FIELD/ MADE UP OF IRON AND NICKEL METALS

2. NAME AT LEAST 2 EVIDENCES THAT PROVES PANGEA ONCE EXITED.

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3. ______: EARTH LAYER KNOWN AS THE UPPER MANTLE/ IT IS A SOFT SOLID

4. ______: THE EARTH LAYER THAT EXISTS AS A SOLID BEAUSE OF SO MUCH HEAT AND PRESSURE/ MOST DENSE LAYER/ MADE UP OF IRON AND NICKEL

5. ______: MOST DENSE, LOCATED UNDER THE OCEAN, YOUNGEST BECAUSE IT’S BEING RECYCLED, SINKS DURING A SUBDUCTION ZONE BECAUSE IT’S THE MOST DENSE CRUST AND IT CONTAINS BASALT ROCK

6. ______: EARTH LAYER THAT IS THE THINNEST, OUTTERMOST, AND THE LEAST DENSE SOLID LAYER

7. ______: LEAST DENSE, LOCATED ON OR UNDER LAND, OLDEST , AND CONTAINS GRANITE ROCK

8. ______: THE EARTH LAYER THAT CONTAINS THE MOST MASS BECAUSE IT IS THE THICKEST LAYER/ CONTAINS CONVECTION CURRENTS THAT MOVES THE SOFT SOLID ROCKS/ SOFT SOLID

9. ______: WHEN CONTINENTS WHERE JOINED TOGETHER IN ONE LARGE LANDMASS 10. ______: EARTH LAYER THAT IS SOLID AND LIES BETWEEN THE CRUST AND THE UPPER MANTLE AND CONTAINS THE TECTONIC OR LITHOSPHERIC PLATES THAT FLOATS ON TOP OF THE ASTHENOSPHERE 8-3 VOCBULARY QUIZ PART 1 (ACADEMIC)

NAME: ______DATE: ______PERIOD: ______

CRUST CONTINENTIAL CRUST MANTLE PANGEA LITHOSPHERE LANDFORMS

FOSSILS INNER CORE OCEANIC CRUST ASTHENOSPHERE CONTINENTAL SHAPE

OUTER CORE CLIMATIC CHANGES

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9. ______: WHEN CONTINENTS WHERE JOINED TOGETHER IN ONE LARGE LANDMASS 10. ______: EARTH LAYER THAT IS SOLID AND LIES BETWEEN THE CRUST AND THE UPPER MANTLE AND CONTAINS THE TECTONIC OR LITHOSPHERIC PLATES THAT FLOATS ON TOP OF THE ASTHENOSPHERE 8-3 VOCBULARY QUIZ PART 1 (HONORS)

NAME: ______DATE: ______PERIOD: ______

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9. ______: WHEN CONTINENTS WHERE JOINED TOGETHER IN ONE LARGE LANDMASS

10. ______: EARTH LAYER THAT IS SOLID AND LIES BETWEEN THE CRUST AND THE UPPER MANTLE AND CONTAINS THE TECTONIC OR LITHOSPHERIC PLATES THAT FLOATS ON TOP OF THE ASTHENOSPHERE 8-3 VOCBULARY QUIZ PART 1 (HONORS)

NAME: ______DATE: ______PERIOD: ______

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9. ______: WHEN CONTINENTS WHERE JOINED TOGETHER IN ONE LARGE LANDMASS

10. ______: EARTH LAYER THAT IS SOLID AND LIES BETWEEN THE CRUST AND THE UPPER MANTLE AND CONTAINS THE TECTONIC OR LITHOSPHERIC PLATES THAT FLOATS ON TOP OF THE ASTHENOSPHERE