The Persuasive Speech

1 Speech 205 Mr. Sanders

5 Topics ideas due:

Thesis (Claim + because + Reason) & Call to action (What you want the audience to accomplish at the end of your speech) due:

Word outline rough draft:

Rough draft Bibliography:

Typed word outline final draft + Final Bibliography due:

For this assignment, you will prepare a 6-8 minute speech with the specific purpose of persuading your audience to do something or think differently about a topic. I will not require a sentence outline for this speech, like I did with the informative. But, clearly, the more you have written and prepared on your outline the less likely I am to “not hear something” and you can prove to me that you have it.  If you would like to borrow a textbook to read CH 14 over the Persuasive Unit, please let me know.

You should meet the following criteria: 1. Use a minimum of 3 basic sources (left hand column below). You may also have supplementary sources (right hand column below). You MUST have 3 sources in your bibliography, and you may only cite the sources you will mention in your speech.

2. Effectively utilize at least one form of visual aid (not including the whiteboard). Be certain that the visual aid(s) you selected are consistent with and supportive of your purpose. These may not be used as giant note cards! 20 words max per PowerPoint slide.

3. Conform to the time limit; 3 points will be deducted every 15 seconds under or over the time limit. The best way to avoid this is to practice at home and time your speech. Aim for 7 minutes. 2 4. Speak extemporaneously using notes on note cards. Do not read directly from note cards or visual aids. Points will be deducted for this.

Basic Sources Supplementary Sources Minimum of 3 required No minimum  Books (nonfiction)  Websites and other info found only online  Periodicals (nonfiction magazines and (Google, Wikipedia, etc.) scholarly journals) that can be found in  Brochures and pamphlets print or online (Google Scholar)  Newsletters  Newspapers found in print or online (aka  Reference books (dictionaries, almanacs, Google News) encyclopedia, etc.)  Fiction books  Interviews and other non-verifiable sources

How to write a PERSUASIVE SPEECH

2 types of structure choices

Problem, Cause, Solution: more suited to question of policy and specific structural problems, which have current concrete impacts. Used when the problem isn't as clear. (ex: the FDA is not checking food products properly.) This problem needs to be made more clear to the audience.

Topic: Wasteful banks

P- Large banks spend too much wasted money

C- Government bailouts

S- Write a letter to your congressperson and tell them to stop / Move your money to local chains

Cause, Effect, Solution: More suited to value based or more abstract problems and their impact down the road. Also used when the problem is seen as understandable, (ex: everyone knows that torture is bad, so what are the particular effects of the U.S. using torture, and why should it stop.)

Topic: Bullying

C- To make you feel better by putting someone else down

E- Depression

S- Write a letter to your principal to start a school program / Do not do it!

What you need in the Speech 3 Introduction:

 AGD: Generally should be an example of the problem, usually one of the most shocking or appalling ones.  Statement/Definition of the problem: what exactly are you talking about?  Gravity of the Problem: if taken to its logical extreme what would happen if we didn’t solve the problem. Ex: mass death, end of freedom etc…  Scope of the problem: how many people does the problem effect/ how often does it occur?  Preview: do it, not just here but also in your main points. Also if you find a strong quotation summarizing the problem here is a good place to put it, ex: and this is important because this topic could be the solution to end what Jeff Jones calls “the greatest threat to humanity ever”.

Notes on Problems/Effects (Tone of voice = Sad)

 Your problems should be mutually exclusive (very different), that is to say there should be very little overlap between the two.  Each problem should be explained both quantitatively and qualitatively. Both explain how big and how bad it is.

 Each problem should end with an impact statement. A single sentence (or two) that summarizes exactly what all of the argument made means in terms of the end effects it will have.

Notes on Causes: (Tone of voice = Angry)

 You always need causes. They are what you solve for.  Your causes should ideally be mutually exclusive; Each cause should be linked to a specific problem/effect. So cause A should be the causing factor of problem/effect A, and Cause B of Problem/effect B. This is not always 100% necessary. Sometimes cause A will lead to effect A and B. However, be very careful when constructing your speech that way as it affects clarity.  Make sure your causes are solvable. If you can't reasonably solve your causes, your speech has no solvency, and you cannot persuade your audience properly.

Notes on Solutions (Tone of voice = Hopeful)

 Should exist on two or three levels governmental/institutional (may be both, may be different levels of gov) and personal  Gov./Institutional solutions should address the causes by the most direct means possible, and remove them.  Personal solutions may not have this ability, but should at the least lessen the impact of the problem.  Choose the most applicable type of solution for a particular cause. If it doesn't make sense for the government to get involved in solving a particular cause, do not make the government solve that particular cause.

Notes on General Structure

- When you transition from one main point to another, make sure you preview the upcoming main point. Your preview should contain the sub points that will be covered in the point. This is known as “sign-posting” 4 - “Sign-post” as you go from one sub point to another. Sign posting let's your audience know you have transitioned from a previous point to a new point and it keeps the audience clear on what is being discussed. Your sign-post should contain language similar to that used in the preview to preserve clarity. EX: So now that we have looked at the problem of ______let’s examine the cause of that problem.”

Example P-C-S Persuasion Speech Structure

Introduction

Problem 1a - Cow and pig farmers obviously have a problem with sanitation, overcrowding, and disease. Problem 2b - The government allows farmers to give antibiotics to their animals to lessen these problems.

Cause 1a - Those animals develop a resistance to those bacteria, but the surviving bacteria grow stronger. Cause 2b - When we eat those animals, those surviving bacteria make it to us. They may not make us sick, but when more of their "friends" show up, we have decreased immunity.

Solution 1a – New FDA regulation prohibiting practice. Solution 2b – Better USA regulations on agriculture industry.

Solution 3 – Become a vegetarian / Write a congressman / Be aware of the problem and get vaccines when recommended; don’t be complacent and think that you are fine.

Solution 4 – Shop from farmers / supermarkets who certify that they don’t use these drugs. (Ex: Oberweis Dairy and Ben and Jerry’s)

Review Statement & Memorable last line -

How to implement a source and write a persuasive paragraph (MEL-CON)

TRANSITION: First, by giving big banks a blank check we have set up another financial collapse.

MAIN IDEA: The big banks propped up by taxpayer money and government guarantees have had a record year with record profits. 5 EVIDENCE: However, ABC News of February 1st, 2010, explains while we continue to spend tax dollars and hold accounts in these banks, these same institutions have done nothing to make our money safer.

LINK: Instead they have returned to the high-risk, highly leveraged decisions that created the last financial collapse.

CONCLUSION: This means that our silence on this issue is indirectly supporting their risky investments, opening the door to another even larger financial crash on a national scale.

Clayton T. Sanders - Persuasive Speech - Illinois State University -

American Forensics Association - National Finalist Speech - March 2010

Bank of America and Wells Fargo are about to lose one of their best customers - New Mexico.

According to the Las Cruses Sun-News of February 11th, 2010, New Mexico’s congress unanimously passed a bill that could eventually pour more than 1 billion dollars of state capital into local banks, opening up numerous opportunities for loans on a community level. Ultimately, New Mexico is seeking to give hope to

Americans who are feeling the effects of the tightened credit markets during our national recession. Despite this, too many numerous Americans do not consider local banking as a viable alternative. According to the

Washington Post of January 10th 2010, 72 million American families hold their accounts in the four largest financial institutions. Bank of America, Chase, Citibank, and Wells Fargo control nearly 50% of our nation’s wealth. However , the Wall Street Journal of February 10 th , 2010, posits our accounts and tax dollars are being used to pad bank revenues and executive bonuses, rather than reforming risky habits or investing in rebuilding the economies of Main Street America. Because of these policies, US lending rates are down, credit lines are being cut, and to top it off borrowing money is more difficult than ever. Keeping our personal accounts in large financial institutions is detrimental on to our national and local economies. Therefore, it is time we stop supporting big banks with our tax dollars and personal bank accounts. So today, let us discuss the damages created by our unwavering support of big banks, second a few of the social myths creating this goliath problem, 6 and finally, solutions to prevent the big bank cycle of recovery and collapse. Which, what which the head of financial stability at the Bank of England coins called in The New Republic on February 24th, 2010 calls,

“America’s Doom Loop.”

Although Chase has received millions of taxpayer dollars to renegotiate bad mortgages, according to

MSNBC of February 8th, 2010, they denied Lisa Herron a loan modification, despite the fact that her mortgage was over twice her income. Unfortunately, Lisa is not alone. Supporting big banks with our money leads to two greater problems. First, we have set the stage for another financial collapse and second, the banks are hampering

Main Street’s recovery.

First, by giving big banks a blank check we have set up another financial collapse. The big banks propped up by taxpayer money and government guarantees have had a record year with record profits.

However, ABC News of February 1st, 2010, explains while we continue to spend tax dollars and hold accounts in these banks, these same institutions have done nothing to make our money safer. Instead they have returned to the high risk, highly leveraged decisions that created the last financial collapse. The NPR’s Market Watch of February 1st, 2010, notes the top ten banks control almost 50% of all banking, up from 30%, before the crash. the top ten banks control almost 50% of all banking, up from 30%, before the crash. Meaning, that our silence on this issue is indirectly supporting their risky investments, opening the door to another, even larger financial crash on a national scale.

Second, by supporting big banks we are losing the investment needed to rebuild Main Street. In fact, the four largest banks in America, according to the Los Angeles Times of February 6th, 2010, have cut lending to local business by over 100 billion dollars. Yet, these big banks still collect billions of taxpayer dollars originally intended to support small business. Since nearly 50% of American family funds support large banks, smaller institutions lack the capital to make community based investments. This is especially troubling considering The

Business Week of February 12th, 2010, argues this lack of lending has made it impossible for small business to get much needed loans. As long as small businesses and communities are unable to get loans, we will lack the foundation that is needed to jumpstart national economic growth. 7 Bank of America foreclosed on the family home of the Cardosos, even though according to the

FRENSO, a local California newspaper, of January 23rd, 2010, they had already paid for their home in cash in full. This blind support of large banks, who can't be bothered that they have the right address, can be traced to two causes. First, the myth we think they are ‘too big to fail’, and second, we think it would be too cumbersome to leave big banks.

First, according to the Washington Post of August 28th, 2009, Americans have come to assume -- largely because of government policy -- big banks will always have the government’s backing because if we stopped supporting these banks failed our entire economy would collapse. So far, this mentality is perpetuated by Government policy because big banks believe they can get away with anything, because they always have.

However, Simon Johnson an MIT economics professor and former chief economist of the International

Monetary Fund explained on his blog on October 13, 2009, the past three Nobel laureates, past two chairs of the Federal reserve, the head of the FDIC, and the vast majority of leading economists all agree - these banks are not only not too big to fail, but breaking up these banks would be the best way to create a more vibrant and competitive economy. Meaning, if Chase and the big banks slowly started to shrivel because of decreasing public investments, local economies would begin to grow. Thus, a new and more diverse, banking sector would make economic disaster significantly less possible in the future.

Second, we personally think it would just be too difficult or costly to pull ourselves out of big banks. In a 2007 Jupiter research study, 22 percent of bank customers admitted that they were staying with their current bank solely because switching was too much of a hassle. According to Tthe New Orleans Times-Picayune of

March 14, 2010 explains, that consumers commonly assume that big banks are the most convenient for everyday banking. Conversely, according to market analyst Christian Couch on Bankrate on February

12th, 2010, while large banks are increasing fees, local banks are offering competitive incentives to transfer by removing ATM fees, providing better customer service, and more direct investment in local economies.

According to NPR of February 17th, 2010, Chicago resident Terry Brauer explains the ease and joys of going local after his recent switch. Terry states, “If I were to have an issue with this bank, I would go to the bank 8 manager who is only 15 steps away. Decision makers are accessible. That’s the difference.” Simply put, not only will these banks make the transition as painless as possible, but switching to a local bank will save you money. Plus, it will provide out loans and will increase local economic growth.

Frank and Ingrid Brown desired to expand their business. So, according to CNN of November 16th,

2009, they applied for four different loans with their national chains. While for a company of their credit rating obtaining a loan should have been easy, but, they were denied each time – despite strong credit ratings.

However, once they opened up an account with applied at a local bank, they were approved. Fortunately, like the Browns, we to can find solutions that can stop our big banks from preventing local success. First, our government reform must move its focus, and second, but more importantly, we can move our money.

First, our government needs to stop giving big banks a blank check because simply put, it is bolstering local, not national banks, that will fix our economy. If the government continues to take action when our big banks are in dilemma it shows the American public these banks are too big to fail. Conversely, According to the February 8th, 2010 Chicago Sun Times, the Obama administration has proposed a 30 billion dollars small business lending pool which allows to help community bankers to write loans for small businesses. While giving small banks an opportunity to invest locally is a good start, we need to pressure the federal government to stop coddling big banks. We must contact our representatives and demand that they regulate banks risky behavior. They have to stop providing monetary incentives that are more likely to go to big bonuses than economic growth.that perpetuate the myth that banks are too big to fail, and instead focus on reforms that will get our economy going.

Second, on the personal level, we can use our leverage as account holders to force this change. It’s easy, it’s easy, painless, and only takes a single riskless action of thousands of determined individuals. Just move your money from a big bank to a smaller community focused one. By moving our accounts we can invest locally and send a message to Wall Street and our leaders in Washington. Consequently, banking consultant

Bert Ely and The president of Ely and Company Inc., states told NPR on January 31st, 2010, while we 9 assume that big banks only care about their corporate accounts, if they lost 50 percent of their family consumer accounts, it would have a huge impact. What we would see would be a tremendous shift of businesses from larger banks to smaller banks. From the standpoint of the economy they would be forced big banks to downsize their operations. Fortunately, this process is extraordinarily easy as explained by the January 7th,

2010 Christian Science Monitor, moving is easy, just go to moveyourmoney.info and input your zip code.

Then, this website will generate a list of local community banks judged the best in your area by independent nationally recognized accreditation rating agencies. Simply contact one of those banks and they will walk you through the process. Additionally, we must use our skills as orators to urge friends, families, universities and even our speech teams to start keeping their accounts local. Economist Robert Johnson puts it best in the

New York Times on February 13th, 2010, “if enough people… who have money in one of the big four banks move it to community banks, then collectively we, the people, will have taken a huge step toward re-rigging the financial system… into… so it becomes again the productive, stable engine for growth it is meant to be.”

All New Mexico is waiting on now is Governor Bill Richardson’s signature. Then, they will become the first state to repair themselves starting with their own Main Street free of the limitations of big banks.

Nonetheless, big banks continue to hinder all of us as we navigate the complexities of the financial world. By examining the problems, causes, and solutions, we found that the so called “too big to fail”, big banks, are not too big to feel the impact of thousands of Americas. It’s our money. Let’s make sure they use it for us.

Additional Resources: (On Mr. Sanders’ teacher website) The Main Page

1. How to organize all speeches and essays 2. Persuasion Map – Mr. Sanders’ website

3. Judging reliability of Internet information

4. Writing thesis statements

5. PDF – Example word outline 6. Persuasion – Database – Mr. Sanders’ handout – Great place to find Topics & Sources 10

First name Last name

Mr. Sanders Date of your speech

______Hour Speech 205

Note: You are not required to turn in a sentence outline for this speech like you did with Informative. You only need to turn in a word outline with a bibliography page. However, the more information and details you have, the more likely your speech will be successful, right?

Topic (What you are persuading us to do):

Introduction A) Attention Getting Device: (Quotation / Personal example / Story)

B) Statement/Definition of the problem: (What exactly are you talking about?)

C) Gravity of the problem: (If it is taken to the logical extreme what would happen if we did not solve this? Ex: Mass death, end of freedom, etc…)

D) Scope of the problem: (How many people does the problem effect / how often does this occur?)

E) Thesis Statement (Claim + Because + Reason)

F) Call to action (What you specifically want the audience to do after your speech?) “By the end of this speech you must…” or “By the end of this speech I want you to…”

G) Preview: So today we will first talk about the problems of ______, second the causes associated with ______, before finally examining the solutions of ______. 11 Transition to point 1:

Body (Remember: Your speech structure sub-points might not look exactly like this. However, your speech structure main points will.)

A) Problems – Explain qualitative (How Big) and quantitative (How Bad) this problem is. Remember to end each problem paragraph with an impact statement. An impact statement summarizes exactly what all of the argument made so far means in terms of the end effects it will have. (Ex: “This means that if we stay silent on this issue we are only supporting bullying by not stopping it at the source. Thus, opening the door to invite more bullies who do not fear consequences.”) 1.

Transition to point 2:

B) Causes: 1.

Transition to point 3:

C) Solutions: 1.

a. 12 b. 2.

Acknowledge Counter Argument: While I recognize that some people think (insert what the opposing side would say about your topic), we have to stand firm in knowing that... (re-state why you are correct over the opposing side).

Conclusion

A) Review Statement:

B) Call to action (What do you want the audience to do after the speech? This might also be your last line depending on how you word it):

C) Memorable last line:

Bibliography

PUT YOUR SOURCES HERE IN MLA FORMAT

Questions to consider….

1. Did you remember to underline all cited information on your sentence outline?  Example: According to USA Today as of November 22nd, 2011, “80% of Americans do not recycle.”

2. Did you remember to bold all cited sources on your sentence outline?  Example: According to USA Today as of November 22nd, 2011, “80% of Americans do not recycle.”

3. Do you know the difference between basic and supplementary sources? 13  You need 3 basic sources. You can have an unlimited number of supplementary sources. If you forgot what is basic and what is supplementary, consult your persuasion packet at the bottom of the first page.

4. Do you know how to do MLA citations?  If you go my teacher website and look under the ‘resources’ tab, you can open the “How to do MLA citations” PDF document.

5. Do you know how you are going to save this file to work on it later?  Flash drive? Copy and paste this to your student district g-mail account as a Google document? Save to the SHS server?

6. Have you thought about your visual aid requirement?  PowerPoint? Poster board? Handouts for the class? 14

NAME / TITLE / DATE – PERSUASION RUBRIC______

Category Grading Criteria (rated 1-10 per category) Score E- excellent (no flaws at all) M- meets criteria B- below expectations 0- not present Introduction E M B 0 attention getter E M B 0 central idea (Thesis, Scope, Call to action, etc) E M B 0 preview/summary E M B 0 appropriate length Body Structure E M B 0 appropriate organizational pattern (P-C-S) / (C-E-S) E M B 0 clear and logical E M B 0 followed outline E M B 0 creative transitions between topics Content E M B 0 main points clearly stated E M B 0 main points clearly explained E M B 0 main points supported by accurate research E M B 0 inductive, deductive, cause/effect reasoning used E M B 0 oral citations met Visual Aid E M B 0 necessary and appropriate E M B 0 presented skillfully E M B 0 well designed (color, size, etc.) E M B 0 professional (neatness, spelling, etc.) E M B 0 audience can see (view not blocked) Speaker credibility E M B 0 honest/ethical E M B 0 research done to back up information E M B 0 enthusiasm for the topic E M B 0 confidence Nonverbal physical delivery E M B 0 eye contact E M B 0 posture E M B 0 gestures E M B 0 facial expressions Verbal/vocal delivery E M B 0 volume E M B 0 vocal enthusiasm E M B 0 rate/fluency (avoided dead air) E M B 0 avoided offensive language E M B 0 avoided fillers (um, uh, like, yeah, etc. ) E M B 0 clarity E M B 0 correct grammar and word usage Conclusion E M B 0 summary E M B 0 call to action E M B 0 ending and departure (avoid “that’s it,” etc.) E M B 0 appropriate length Outline E M B 0 outline complete with all parts present E M B 0 outline format correct E M B 0 bibliography requirements met (3 basic sources) Conformity to assignment E M B 0 time limit met (6-8 minutes) E M B 0 topic approved E M B 0 spoke extemporaneously E M B 0 source requirements met (3 basic sources) Score (out of 100 points possible)

Penalties Late? Gum? Speaking or being distracting during other speeches?

Total 90-100 A 80-89 B 70-79 C 60-69 D 15 0-59 F