The Verb to BE in English Is Translated in Spanish by Either the Verb Ser Or Estar. You

The verb TO BE in English is translated in Spanish by either the verb ser or estar. You have learned that ser is used to identify and describe someone or something, profession, nationality or origin, time, and dates. You have also learned the conjugations of estar. ESTAR TO BE yo estoy I am tú estás you (informal) are él/ella/Ud. está he/she is OR you (formal) are nosotros estamos we are vosotros estáis you all (informal) are ellos/ellas/Uds. están they are OR you all (informal) are

ESTAR AND PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE (location)

To state the location of people and things, use estar + preposition of place + location. Prepositions of place: al lado de – next to delante de – in front of encima de – on top of cerca de – near dentro de – inside entre – between con – with detrás de – behind lejos de – far from debajo de – under/below en – in/on sobre – on/over

 La aspiradora está detrás del sofá, en la sala. The vacuum cleaner is behind the sofa in the living room.  La tarea está encima de la mesa, debajo del libro de texto. The homework is on top of the table, under the textbook.

ESTAR AND EMOTIONAL & PHYSICAL STATE (condition, emotion)

To describe how people are feeling or the physical state of something, use estar + adjective. Adjectives commonly used with estar: aburrido(a) – bored enfermo(a) – sick prendido(a) – turned on apagado(a) – turned off enojado(a) – angry preocupado(a) – worried contento(a) – content furioso(a) – furious sucio(a) – dirty desordenado(a) – messy limpio(a) – clean triste – sad emocionado(a) – excited ocupado(a) – busy vago(a) – lazy enchufado(a) – plugged in ordenado(a) – neat/orderly

 ¿Cómo estás, Elena? How are you Elena?  Estoy muy bien. I am very well.  La sala está sucia. The living room is dirty. ESTAR AND THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (actions in progress)

To say someone IS DOING something or that they do something habitually, you can use the simple present tense: yo hablo = I talk OR I am talking tú comes = you eat OR you are eating él vive = he lives OR he is living You can also use the present progressive tense to say what someone IS DOING (right now). The construction is: ESTAR + PRESENT PARTICIPLE ESTAR PRESENT PARTICIPLE EXAMPLES yo estoy -AR verbs hablando tú estás dando -ando él/ella/Ud. está bailando nosotros estamos -ER & -IR verbs comiendo vosotros estáis bebiendo -iendo ellos/ellas/Uds. están viviendo There are some irregular forms of present participles:

–ER & –IR verbs whose stems ei stem-changing –IR verbs oue stem-changing –IR verbs end in a vowel eie stem-changing –IR verbs change the –iendo to –yendo stem-change ei & add –iendo stem-change ou & add –iendo

traer  trayendo decir (e-i)  diciendo dormir (o-ue)  durmiendo leer  leyendo servir (e-i)  sirviendo morir (o-ue)  muriendo oír  oyendo sentir (e-ie)  sintiendo

The present participle of the verb “ir” (to go) is: yendo

Práctica – Escribe en español.

1. The table is between the chairs. ______

2. The rug is under the sofa. ______

3. My kitchen is clean. ______

4. The iron is plugged in. ______

5. I am eating. ______

6. She is dancing. ______

7. We are writing. ______

8. They are reading on the sofa. ______