Unit 5 Review Sheet Industrialization and Global Integration

Unit 5 Review sheet – Industrialization and Global Integration

Terms to know:

Capital domestic system economic liberalism entrepreneurship factors of production gold standard laissez-faire economics limited liability Meiji Restoration Russo-Japanese War Second Industrial Sino-Japanese War corporation Revolution Stock Market zaibatsu Maori pogrom romanticism theory of Natural Selection Theory of Relativity extraterritoriality Monroe Doctrine Opium War Qing Dynasty Spheres of Influence Suez Canal Tanzimet Reforms Treaty of Nanking Wahhabi Rebellion Young Turks Bill of Rights bourgeoisie Boxer Rebellion Code of Napoleon communism Congress of Vienna Declaration of Independence Declaration of the Rights Declaration of the Rights estates estates-general feminism Gran Colombia of Man and of the of Women and of the citizen Female Jacobins Jamaica Letter liberalism maroon societies natural rights proletariat queu radicalism Reign of Terror Revolutions of 1848 self-strengthening separation of power movement Berlin Conference Boer War Boers Economic Imperialism Great Trek imperialism Indian National Congress Manifest Destiny Raj Sepoy Rebellion Sepoys Social Darwinism Spanish American War

The Industrial Revolution and Social Change

1. What was the Industrial Revolution?

Transition from ‘home made’ to ‘machine or factory made’ items. Began in England in the mid 18th century

2. How did the Industrial Revolution begin?

It was a natural progression of innovations to agriculture which increased farm production

3. What are the factors of production? Explain each one.

 Land

 Labor

 Capital

 entrepreneurship

4. How did the factory system change family life and society?

 People worked outside the home

 Schedules – concept of time was popularized

 Faster paced lifestyle

 Social status determined by wealth

5. How did industry change after 1850?

 Higher wages, less work hours MORE LEISURE TIME

 Interest in sports and theater  New employment opportunities

 Mass production

 advertising

6. What were some of the characteristics shared by industrialized nations in the west, Russia, and Japan?

 Government support

 Development of railroads

7. How did the government assist the following countries in their efforts to industrialize?

a. Russia – tariffs, banking systems, emancipation of serfs

b. Japan – sending samurai to study other industrialized nations, taxes

8. What led to the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War?

Japan’s need for raw materials/natural resources

9. Describe how industrialization began in Egypt?

Started by Muhammad Ali, to reduce Egypt’s dependence on the Ottomans

 Built up the military

 Brought in European advisors

 Told farmers what to produce (cotton)

Egyptians eventually became dependent on low-priced manufactured goods from Great Britain

Demographic and Environmental Developments

1. Why did the population of Western Europe increase in the middle of the 18th century?

 end of epidemic diseases

 improved diets (potatoes)

 lower infant mortality rates and higher birth rates

2. How did industrialization impact migration?

Many left the farms in search of work in the factory (especially young adults), middle class began moving from the city to the suburbs

3. What crop was the most responsible for the population growth of the non-Western world?

The potato

4. What were some other problems caused by rapid population growth?

Contaminated water supplies, industrial waste, pollution 5. What indigenous groups throughout the world suffered at the hands of the Europeans?

Maoris of New Zealand, native Hawaiians, Native Americans

6. Why did many people migrate from Europe to Brazil and Argentina in the late 19th century?

To find work on coffee plantations

7. Why did many Jews immigrate to Latin America in the early 20th century?

To escape religious persecution

8. What was romanticism?

Style of expression to explain human relationships and experiences through expression instead of reason

9. How were Charles Darwin’s theories controversial?

They were in direct conflict with the Bible and teachings of the church

10. How did the following scientists impact the educational world?

a. Max Planck – quantum physics – light and energy flow in small units

b. Albert Einstein – theory of relativity – time and space are relative to one another

World Trade

1. What was the intention of the Monroe Doctrine?

To keep European nations out of the western hemisphere, to protect the new found independence of Latin American nations

2. How did foreign investment benefit Latin America? it provided the capital it needed to develop, however it left the region under foreign control

3. How did the Wahhabi rebellion attempt to restore the Ottoman Empire

By making a return to strict adherence to the laws of Islam

4. What events led to the decline of the Ottoman Empire?

 Disinterest in industrializing

 Inability to compete with European imports

5. How did the Suez Canal impact Egypt?

Strengthened Egyptian trade, Egypt became a significant commercial and political power between Europe and its colonies in Africa and Asia

6. Why did international trade in southern China become profitable by the 19th century?

Chinese merchants became heavily involved in overseas trade once the Qing lifted the trade restrictions of the Ming Dynasty.

Chinese items such as tea, silk, and porcelain brought in lots of silver, which was the basis of the Chinese economy. 7. How did the Opium War impact China?

Opened China to European trade, Hong Kong became a British colony

8. Why did Japan rely on the west once it became industrialized?

Japan depended on the import of western equipment and raw materials (coal)

Political Revolutions

1. How did the Seven Years War lead to the American Revolution?

The British introduced taxes to the colonists along with other restrictions about migration on the North American continent.

2. What were the causes of the French Revolution?

Enlightenment ideas

Bourgeoisie desire for a larger political role

Bourgeoisie want for limited power of the clergy, monarch, and aristocracy

Population growth

Poor harvests in 1787 and 1788

3. How were the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female similar to the American Declaration of Independence?

Both outlined natural rights of individuals, guaranteed freedoms, and increased voting rights

4. Explain the Reign of Terror in France.

It was led by a radical group called the Jacobins, who abolished the monarchy by executing King Louis XVI and thousands of others. Other nations in Europe tried to help but were repelled. Nationalism spread through France.

5. What were some of the accomplishments of General Napoleon Bonaparte?

 Limited the power of the legislative assembly

 Returned authoritarian rule to France

 Censored speech and the press

 Codified laws (Code of Napoleon)

 Granted religions freedom

 Established universities

 Denied women basic rights

6. What happened in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815?

European leaders met at the Congress of Vienna to restore legitimate monarchs to the thrones of Europe and create a balance of power throughout Europe. Political movements such as liberalism gained strength in Europe

Nationalist feelings in Italy and Germany led to the establishment of both as countries in 1870 (Italy) and 1871 (Germany)

7. What makes the Haitian Revolution different than any other revolutions that took place during the 18th and 19th centuries?

It was the first time black slaves successfully rebelled against their enslavers.

Under the leadership of a free black man, Toussaint L’Overture the rebellion was successful and Haiti gained its independence from France in 1804.

8. How did Simon Bolivar impact the South American Independence movement?

He was a creole, and a main leader in the South American independence movement against Spain. He centered his efforts in Caracas.

By 1822 he helped establish Gran Colombia (Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela)

9. What was the Jamaica Letter?

Written by Simon Bolivar expressing a hope for freedom from Spanish rule

10. Explain Brazil’s quest for independence.

Portuguese royal family escaped a French invasion of Portugal, and went to Brazil. Once Napoleon was defeated the Portuguese king went back to Europe leaving his son. Dom Pedro in Brazil

1822 Dom Pedro declared Brazil independent when he realized that Brazil would lose its representative in the Portuguese parliament

Brazil did not have to endure an independence movement

After gaining independence Brazil became a monarchy

11. What events led to the decline of Qing China?

 Civil service exams were largely ignored

 Infrastructure in decay

 Increased foreign influence on Chinese society

 Defeat in the Opium War

 Taiping Rebellion

12. Describe the feminist movement of the 18th century.

Women began to seek political, social, and economic gains.

Women wanted educational opportunities, right to vote, and employment opportunities

13. Explain Karl Marx’s socio-political theories.

History was the result of class struggle between the bourgeoisie (middle class) and the proletariat (working class). Eventually the workers would revolt and establish a dictatorship to insure social and political freedom – when this happened there would be no need for the state and a classless society would result. Imperialism

1. Why was imperialism a natural effect of industrialization?

the need for raw materials/natural resources and even to establish markets for manufactured goods

2. How did European nations justify their conquest of non-Western societies?

They used Social Darwinism and natural selection to justify

3. How did nationalism serve as a positive and a negative force in the 19th century?

Positive: common languages and cultures resulted in some areas, idea of Manifest Destiny in the USA

Negative: extreme diversity in some areas (Austrian Empire and Russian Empire) led to the imposition of languages and cultures

4. How did the British influence the development of India after the break-up of Mughal rule?

 Created a stratified society (Europeans at the top)

 Set up telegraph lines

 Railroads

 1857 Sepoy Rebellion – Indian soldiers in British Army rebelled against the use of animal fat on ammunition cartridges

 Schools and universities were established

 1885 – Indian National Congress – greater role for Indians in their own government

5. Compare and contrast the British colonial society in America to that in India.

They were very similar in that a stratified society with English at the top with no regard to the natives

Differed in that Indians were allowed to serve in the British military, established schools for Indians

6. How did the Dutch and the British compete for South Africa?

 Dutch established at Cape Colony in 1652 – Dutch became known as Boers

 During the French Revolution British captured Cape Town and annexed it

 Fighting broke out between the Boers and the British in 1815

 Conflict caused many Boers to migrate to the interior of South Africa (Great Trek) where they fought with native peoples such as the Bantu, and the Zulu

 1850s Boers established 2 republics in South Africa (The Transvaal, and the Orange Free State)

 Tensions heated up between British and Boers again after the discovery of diamonds and gold in the Boer Republics

 Boer War – 1899 – 1902; Boers retained their republics however they were united into the Union of South Africa under British control. 7. What events led up to the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?

Rivalries in Europe over Africa and the need for raw materials led to the Berlin Conference

8. How did the Berlin Conference effect Africa?

 Partitioned Africa into colonies dominated by Great Britain, Portugal, Spain, Germany, Belgium, and Italy (Only Liberia and Ethopia were not colonized by Europeans)

 No regard for ethnic or cultural groups

 Imperialist powers introduced railways, roads, and public works (Similar to India)

9. How does economic imperialism differ from imperialism?

Economic imperialism involved the exertion of economic influence instead of political influence. Hawaii and Cuba would be good examples in American History – American businesses invested heavily in the areas.

10. Why did the United States get involved in Latin America in the late 19th century?

Economic reasons, American businesses had invested heavily in Cuba; Cuba was struggling to gain their independence from Spain. The US wanted to help, and eventually went to war with Spain in 1898 – US Victory gained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines for the US and Cuba gained its independence while becoming a protectorate of the US

11. Describe America’s interest in Central America and the Caribbean in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

US became the protector of Central America and the Caribbean nations. American also built and opened the Panama Canal in 1914