Disaster Profile of Karnataka

The State of Karnataka spans several bio-geographic, hydro-meteorological and agro-climatic zones. Karnataka is vulnerable to multiple natural hazards such as drought, flood, hailstrom, etc. The Harzard, Risk, Vulnerablity of each district is amplified in the District Disaster Management Plan under Disaster Management Plans tab. Brief disaster profile of State is as follows:

1. Drought

Drought is a temporary aberration, unlike aridity or even seasonal aridity, which is a permanent feature of climate. Drought in contrast is a recurrent, yet sporadic feature of climate, known to occur under all climatic regimes and is usually characterized by variability in terms of its spatial expanse, intensity and duration. Condition of drought appear primarily, though not solely, on account of substantial rainfall deviation from the normal and/or the skewed nature of the spatial/temporal distribution to a degree that inflicts an adverse impact on crops over an agricultural season or successive seasons.

Drought differs from other natural hazards since it has a slow onset, evolves over months or even years, affects a large spatial extent but causes little structural (infrastructure) damage. The onset and end and severity are often difficult to gauge. The impact of drought span economic, environmental and social sectors.

The National Commission on Agriculture in India has classified drought into three types: meteorological, agricultural and hydrological. Meteorological drought is defined as a situation when there is significant decrease from normal precipitation over an area (i.e., more than 10%). Hydrological drought results from prolonged meteorological drought resulting in depletion of surface and sub-surface water resources. Agriculture drought is a situation when soil moisture and rainfall are inadequate to support healthy crop growth. Drought is also classified on the basis of time of onset as early season, mid-season and late season.

Karnataka is one of the Southern States in India covering an area of 190.50 lakh hectares with varied topology and is located within 11.5 degree North and 18.5 degree North latitudes and 74 degree East and 78.5 degree east longitude. Karnataka is beset with frequent droughts. The droughts have been very frequent phenomena in the past two decades. In the past 15 years, 13 years have been drought year of varied intensity in Karnataka as shown in the table below.

Year Drought No. of Taluks Declared 2001  33 2002  159 2003  162 2004  80 2006  129 2008  84 2009  86 2011  123 2012  157 2013  125 2014  35 2015  136 2016  139

Rainfall Pattern of Karnataka (Season wise breakup): Bulk of rainfall, ie, 73% of rainfall is received during South-West Monsoon South -West North-East Regions Pre-Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon South Interior Karnataka 150 mm 359 mm 210 mm % of Normal Rainfall Contribution 21 50 29

North Interior Karnataka 89 mm 494 mm 145 mm % of Normal Rainfall Contribution 12 68 20

Malnad 182 mm 1504 mm 228 mm % of Normal Rainfall Contribution 10 79 12

Coastal 171 mm 3019 mm 261 mm % of Normal Rainfall Contribution 5 87 8

STATE 129 mm 839 mm 188 mm % of Normal Rainfall Contribution 11 73 16

Drought Monitoring in Karnataka Karnataka State has the distinction of being first in the country to establish a Drought Monitoring Cell (DMC) in 1988 as an institutional mechanism affiliated to Department of Revenue (Disaster Management), Govt. of Karnataka.

Subsequently in 2007, the DMC was renamed as Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre (KSNDMC) and the activities were broadened to also include monitoring of other natural disasters viz., Floods, Hailstorms, Gale-Winds, Storm-surges, Earthquakes, Landslides, and Tsunamis etc. KSNDMC has established Master Control Facilities in its own land of 10 acres for which activities are taken up in providing Alerts/Early Warnings/Forecast/Advisories to the farmers, fishermen, Governance and others in the State along with information dissemination for real time data towards providing Near Real Time Alerts/Early Warning/Advisories to the Community.

KSNDMC collects real time rainfall data upto Gram Panchayath level. KSNDMC analysis the rainfall pattern and sowing status every fortnightly and shares the same with Agriculture, Horticulture and Animal Husbandry Departments.

For more information on KSNDMC please visit www.ksndmc.org

 The drought situation is reviewed regularly by the Principal Secretary, Agriculture Department through video conference with the District/Taluk field officers.  The “State Level Committee to Review the Season, Crop Condition and Drought Relief Measures” under the Chairmanship of Additional Chief Secretary and Development Commissioner reviewed the situation.  The Additional Chief secretary cum Development and the Principal Secretary (Disaster Management) Revenue Department reviewed the situation with the District Deputy Commissioners through video conferencing.  The Cabinet Sub-Committee analysis the inputs given by KSNDMC and reports of aforementioned review and shall recommend Cabinet to declared drought as per the Drought Manual of Govt. of India.  State Cabinet reviews the input given by Cabinet Sub-Committee and declares drought. Brief Agriculture Profile of Karnataka Karnataka State has 121.61 lakh hectares cultivable area out of its' total geographical area of 190.50 lakh hectares, accounting for 64 %. Arid regions which receive less than 750 mm of rainfall are drought prone and constitute more than two-third of the geographical area. Average gross cultivated area is 124.22 lakh hectares (average of 2010-11 to 2014-15), out of which 40.92 lakh hectares (33%) is irrigated and the rest 83.30 lakh hectares is rainfed (67%). About 62% of the area is under five Dry Zones out of the total ten agro-climatic zones in the State. Average area under agricultural crops is about 105.39 lakh hectares spread over three distinct seasons- i) Kharif – 69.20 lakh hectares, ii) Rabi – 30.29 lakh hectares and iii) Summer – 5.90 lakh hectares. As per the Agriculture Census Report of 2010-11the total number of operational holdings are 78.32 lakhs and the area operated is 121.61 lakh hectares with an average size of 1.55 hectares. Small and Marginal farmers account for 76% of the total holdings and operate 40% of the total operated area. As per the Population Census of 2011 the number of agricultural labourers in the State is 71.56 lakhs. Contribution of Agriculture to State Gross Domestic Product (SGDP) during 2015-16 was 12.30% compared to 17% in 2010-11. The decline can be attributed to successive drought situation in previous five years.

DISTRICT-WISE AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS AND OPERATED AREA IN KARNATAKA 2010-11 Agricultural Census Unit: Holdings: Numbers. Area: Hectares. Sl. District SMF OSMF Total No. No. Area No. Area No. Area 1 Bengaluru (Urban) 70585 42170 10030 37175 80615 79344 2 Bengaluru (Rural) 161872 93254 16995 58779 178867 152033 3 Ramnagar 250649 133787 20799 68779 271448 202566 4 Chitradurga 199547 186725 91030 374052 290577 560777 5 Davanagere 219767 186460 62910 227226 282677 413686 6 Kolar 208461 135325 28394 98598 236855 233923 7 Chikkaballapur 186612 123243 27850 103113 214462 226357 8 Shivamoga 180836 140496 33172 121802 214008 262298 9 Tumakuru 310699 268923 103729 407465 414428 676388 10 Chamarajanagar 187194 133655 25002 81487 212196 215142 11 Chikkamagaluru 184635 138275 38842 175102 223477 313376 12 Dakshina Kannada 190615 109157 18482 69258 209097 178415 13 Hassan 387820 286924 47861 176576 435681 463500 14 Kodagu 45289 37939 23592 129923 68881 167862 15 Mandya 368327 228461 27439 80970 395766 309432 16 Mysuru 346555 243377 39171 125154 385726 368530 17 Udupi 184066 86437 16419 63181 200485 149617 18 Bellary 187855 177043 87280 360483 275135 537526 19 Bidar 177233 181642 73752 270133 250985 451775 20 Kalaburgi 229405 267296 166092 670241 395497 937537 21 Yadgir 151021 154798 75437 287474 226458 442272 22 Koppal 142014 145006 76088 288442 218102 433448 23 Raichur 213281 218246 118752 477541 332033 695787 24 Bagalkote 145087 149725 82644 337391 227731 487116 25 Belgavi 372335 346437 158600 645852 530935 992289 26 Vijayapur 170942 209692 171261 740640 342203 950332 27 Dharwad 85738 93316 57487 249662 143225 342978 28 Gadag 95667 109145 67799 281121 163466 390266 29 Haveri 158347 157165 60004 219753 218351 376918 30 Uttara Kannada 174588 86831 18234 63135 192822 149966 State 5987042 4870948 1845147 7290508 7832189 12161457 Avg. Holding Size 1.55 Holding Size: Small and Marginal Farmers: Below 2 hects, Other than Small & Marginal Farmers 2 hects. and above. Source: Agricultural Census 2010-11 Report on Operational Holdings in Karnataka, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Bengaluru.

In the last five years the number of Small and Marginal farmers has increased as there has been more fragmentation.

Cropping Pattern: Karnataka State falls in Zone X (Southern Plateau and Hilly region) and Zone XII (West Coast Plains and Ghats region) as per the Agro-climatic Regional Planning of Planning Commission. The State is divided into 10 Agro-climatic zones on the bases of distribution and percentage of Rain fall, soil quality, height from the sea and on the basis of major crops. On account of this varied agro-climatic features almost all cereals, pulses, oilseeds and commercial crops are cultivated in different parts of the State.

Farmers in Karnataka are very innovative and take lead in diversification as per the market trends. The average area under agricultural crops grown in three seasons viz. Kharif (69.20 lakh ha.), Rabi (30.30 lakh ha.) & summer (5.90 lakh ha.) is 105.40 lakh hectares (Average of 2010-11 to 2014-15). Cereals, Pulses, Oilseeds, Cotton, Sugarcane and Tobacco account for 49%, 24%, 15%, 6%, 5% and 1% respectively of the total agricultural cropped area. Maize, Tur, Bengal gram, Cotton and Soyabean are witnessing increasing trend in recent years, whereas as crops like Sunflower, Jowar, Ragi etc. are witnessing declining trend.

Season-wise major crops:

Kharif Rabi Summer Cereals: Cereals: Cereals: Maize, Rabi Jowar, Paddy, Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Ragi, Maize , Bajra, Paddy, Hybrid Jowar, Ragi Minor Millets

Pulses: Pulses: Pulses: Red gram (Tur), Bengal gram, Cowpea Green gram Horse gram, Black gram, Cowpea, Cowpea, Avare Avare, Horse gram

Oilseeds: Oilseeds: Oilseeds: Groundnut, Sunflower, Groundnut Soyabean, Safflower, Sunflower Sunflower, Groundnut, Sesamum, Linseed Castor, Niger

Commercial Crops: Commercial Crops: Commercial Crops : Cotton Cotton , Sugarcane Sugarcane Sugarcane Tobacco

Horticulture profile of Karnataka The geographical area of Karnataka is 190.50 lakh hectare of which an area of 129.00 lakh hectare is cultivable area, which works out to 67% of the total geographical area. As per the estimates for 2015-16, 21.03 lakh hectares area was expected to be covered under horticulture. Horticultural area in the state accounts about 17 % of the total cultivable area. Horticulture - Its Contribution to State GDP:

The total expected GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product) of Karnataka in 2014-15 is about Rs. 907839 crores. Combined Agriculture sector including Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry, Sericulture, which is 8.81 % is about Rs.79947 crores. Out of this Horticulture sectors contribution to state GSDP is Rs.40002 crores i.e 4.41% . The share of Horticulture in Agriculture GSDP is 34.80%. (Source:DES and Dept.of Horticulture)

Agriculture/Horticulture is the major occupation for rural habitants of Karnataka. Over the years, Horticulture has emerged as one of the potential enterprise in accelerating the growth of economy. Horticulture in Karnataka is heavily dependent on the South West Monsoon since, the extent of arid land is next only to Rajasthan. Only 32.5% of net sown area is subjected to irrigation.

The State has three agricultural seasons- Kharif (April to September), Rabi (October to December) and Summer (January to March). Major Horticultural crops grown are fruits (Mango,Grapes, Pomogranate, Banana, Papaya etc.,) vegetables (Onion, Potato, Tomato, Chillies), Plantaton Crops (Coconut, Arecanut, Coffee) and Spicies (Cardamom, Pepper, etc.,).

Recurring droughts and their effect on Horticulture crops in the State

Most parts of Karnataka encompass vast stretches of dry arid zones. Recurring occurrence of drought and dry spells has been leading to wide spread losses to the horticulture crops. During the last three years, an unprecedented drought has occurred in the state successively and has caused extensive damages/losses to the horticulture crops and also has brought untold miseries to the farmers. Successive drought during the last 3 or 4 years has affected the coconut plantations severely. Coconut is grown in an area of 5,14,887 hectares (2015-16) occupying approximately 25% of the total area under horticulture crops with annual production of about 50,117 lakh nuts. Coconut cultivation in Karnataka is more concentrated in southern districts namely Tumkur, Hassan, Ramanagar, Mandya, Mysore, Chitradurga, Chikmagalur, Chamarajnagar, Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, Uttar Kannada, Davanagere and Shimoga. Most of the coconut plantations in these districts are rainfed and their prospects depend largely on the occurance of satisfactory monsoon rains.

2. Flood Flood has been another Hydro-Meteorological Disaster in Karnataka causing huge loss of life & property. The Floods in 2009 & 2016 in several Districts of North Interior Karnataka destroyed huge amount of Agricultural Crops, damaged Human Settlements and displaced Lakhs of People. The rehabilitation is a humungous task to the State Government.

Causes of Foods in Karnataka

High Intensity Rainfall Heavy Rainfall Reservoir Water Release The rainfall with an Rainfall >= 65mm per day in Huge amount of water intensity above 50mm/hr a given area, can trigger release from the Reservoirs has the potential to generate flash flood specially in the will cause floods in the surface flow which lead to Urban areas. adjoining areas / Districts. inundation / flash flood

The Floods occurred in the Districts of Kalburgi, Yadgir, Bidar, Belgaum and Raichur due to Water release from Reservoirs in the adjoining State of Maharashtra caused huge loss to standing Agricultural crops in 2016. The loss is estimated at Rs.2485 crore. 373519 ha of agricultural and horticultural crops were damaged. Flood Vulnerability map of Karnataka

3. Cyclone Hazard and Vulnerability of Karnataka The coastal districts namely Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, Uttara Kannada with a coastal line of 320 kms and coastal population of 43.64 Lakhs are under the direct threat of cyclones and severe cyclones originating in Arabian Sea and indirect attack of cyclones originating along the Eastern coastline. The high density of population along the coastline of Karnataka has made the population highly vulnerable to the storm surge and high speed wind accompanied with cyclone. Any severe cyclone along the eastern coastline causes heavy rainfall in the interior Karnataka region resulting in damages to crops, buildings, and infrastructure services such as roads and often the impact would be severe disruption in the socio-economic life in these regions. Infrastructure such as rail and road networks which are adjacent to the sea coast are constantly threatened by the erosion caused by giant sea waves particularly during storm surges and cyclones The state is incurring huge expenditure almost every year on prevention of coastal erosion for the 320 Kms of coastal line. The State has been placed under Category P3 (moderate) in terms of proneness to cyclone along with states of Maharashtra and Kerala. Generally, cyclones affect these areas during October to November.

Apart from coastal erosion, the coastal areas are facing disasters such as boat capsizing due to extreme weather conditions in the sea. Impact of cyclone is severe on people under below poverty line, women, elderly people, disabled and children.

Vulnerability of Cyclone in Coastal Karnataka Cyclone Potential Impact Vulnerability Vulnerable Taluks Loss of human and Vulnerable groups: Mangaluru, animals Handicapped, Kundapura, Udupi, women, elderly Karwar, Ankola, people, sick people, Kumta, Honnavar, lower income group Bhatkal and children. Damage to crop and Farmers and vital infrastructure infrastructure like schools, hospitals, roads, bridges, houses, etc Damage to houses, People living within livelihood systems the vicinity of the coast. Severe stress and Affected People psychological disorders

Additionally, both the areas along coastline and interior regions can be affected by gusty winds which can cause damage to property, damage to crops, collapse of trees and in turn threatening lives of people including fishermen, livestock, ships and barges, boats, fishing trawlers at ports. If cyclonic winds are accompanied by heavy rainfall then there is possibility of flooding in low lying areas.

Cyclone Proneness of Karnataka As per “ Cyclone Hazard Prone Districts of India: A report” prepared by NDMA and IMD, the coastal district of Karnataka are in Moderate proneness category. Data regarding to the same is as follows: List of vulnerable districts of Karnataka for Cyclone wind and coastal/inland floodings

District Wind and Cyclone Coastal/Inland Flooding Udupi M - Uttara Kannada M - Dakshina Kannada M - M: Moderate Cyclone Prone Districts of Karnataka

District No. of Total Wind PMSS PMP Mean Category Severe No. of Speed(Rating (Rating) (Rating) Rating of Cyclone Cyclone ) Proneness (Rating) Udupi 0 3 5 7 - 3.7 P3 Uttara 0 3 5 7 - 3.7 P3 Kannada Dakshina 0 3 5 7 - 3.7 P3 Kannada PMSS: Probable Maximum Strom Surge, PMP: Probable Maximum Precipitation Rating Criteria

Category of Rating Total No. of Rating Wind Speed Rating Proneness Cyclone Kmph Low (P4) ≤ 3.0 1 – 5 3 62 – 87 3 Moderate(P3 3.1 – 5.0 6 – 10 5 88 – 117 5 ) High (P2) 5.1 – 7.0 11 - 15 7 118 – 167 7 Very High 7.1 – > 6 10 168 - 221 10 (P1) 10.0

PMSS (meter) Rating 0 - 2.0 3 2.1 – 4.0 5 4.1 – 6.0 7 >6 10

3.1 Coastal Erosion The primary causes of coastal erosion in any given region are generally wave action, the interception of littoral drift, sea level and river mouth changes and sand mining. About 30% of the area of the coastal zone is subjected to moderate soil erosion and 16% of the area to severe soil erosion. The annual rates of soil erosion vary from 5-15 tons per hectare (t/ha) to 15-40 t/ha in moderate to severe soil erosion areas. The problem is relatively more severe in Dakshina Kannada and Udupi coasts. The erosion becomes severe due to the synchronization of high floods in rivers with strong wave activity during the southwest monsoon. The most affected locations are Kundapur, Kodi, Hangarkatta, and Bengere. Erosion and bank collapse in the tidal reaches of rivers is also severe and extends at least to about 12 km. This has also been noticed in the Haladi river, Sitanadi near Mabukal and Ullal of Netravathi riverbank. The problem is more severe in Dakshina Kannada and Udupi coasts where about 28% of the stretch is critical. In Uttara Kannada region about 8% of the coast is subjected to severe erosion. 3.4 Salinity Instances of saline water intrusion have been recorded on the coast due to sea erosion and tidal influx in the estuary. Coastal alluvial aquifers are highly permeable and are in hydraulic continuity with sea/estuarine water. The intrusion of saline water into groundwater aquifers and the ingression of seawater to rivers/estuaries are adversely affecting the availability of intrusion is the poor quality of bund constructions causing breaches. To address this problem, Government of Karnataka initiated the construction of sea walls to prevent saltwater entry into the paddy fields.

4. Landslide: Landslides has been one of the majors natural hazards causing enormous destruction in life and property, disrupting communication modes in landslide prone terrain of Western Ghats year after year during monsoon. In Karnataka, the Western Ghats extend from Coorg district in the south to Uttar Kannada district in the north. Major Causes of Landslides in Karnataka

Morphological causes  Fluvial erosion of slope or toe or lateral margins  Deposition loading of slope or its crest.  Vegetation removal (by fire, drought, anthropogenic activity). Geological causes  Weak or sensitive materials  Sheared, jointed or fissured material  Adversely oriented discontinuity (bedding, schistosity, fault, unconformity, contact etc.)  Contrast in permeability and or stiffness of materials

Human Causes  Excavation of slope or its toe / Loading of slope or its crest  Mining  Artificial vibration  Water leakage from utilities / improper drainage

Major Triggers  Rainfall  Toe removal  Head loading  Strength reduction Hazards related to Landslides: Danger to life, infrastructure, social welling and land loss.

Major Landslides in Karnataka Debrislide at Madikere buried a house killing 6 persons

Kadvad slide, Karwar which caused death of 19 people and buried 9 houses Sasanwada Landslide in Sasanwada village, Karwar Taluk, Uttar kannada dist

Roads and Rail Route vulnerable to Landslides

1. Arbail ghat. 2. Charmudi ghat 3. Agumbe ghat 4. Shiradi ghat 5. Sampaje ghat 6. Baghmandala-Karike road 7. Koteghera- Kalasa 8. Kumta-Karwar

The list is based on past event and not exhaustive. Landslide near Onibagilu on Peruvai- Pakalkunja road connecting Vittla and Manila.

Railway lines vulnerable to Lanslide

1. Konkan. 2. SWR rail line between Sakleshpur- Subramanya

Debris and rock slide near Sree Bagilu station) Sakleshpur-Subramanya railway section. Development Induced Landslides

1. More space required for growing population and demand for development 2. Migration of population from flat areas to high grounds 3. High land cost force people of low income groups to live in hutments made in the slopes 4. Blocking of natural drainage 5. Economic activities in forested mountainous lands increasing due to the intensive cash crop plantation such as coffee, tea & rubber etc. 6. Road widening projects. 7. New developmental projects for industries

In a view of the impact of environment by the anthropogenic activities, the relationship between rainfall and geology for landslide to occur and for suggesting low risk hazard free areas for future developmental activities the studies on landslide will be of very important societal issue.

5. Earthquake In recent years much of the seismic activity in the state of Karnataka has been in the south, in the Mysore-Bangalore region. Historically tremors have occurred in many other parts of the state such as Bellary. Recent studies have identified several active faults in the region, in particular in the coastal plain near the towns of Bhatkal and Udipi, trending in an ESE- WNW direction. Many of the faults continue offshore into the Arabian Sea trending in the same direction. There is also no evidence of the southward continuation of the West Coast Fault in the Konkan regions of the neighbouring state of Maharashtra as previously believed. However, it must be stated that proximity to faults does not necessarily translate into a higher hazard as compared to areas located further away, as damage from earthquakes depends on numerous factors such as subsurface geology as well as adherence to the building codes.

Seismic Hazard Nearly 31% of land area of State (Coastal and part of Malnad region) falls under Moderate damage risk zone. The rest of it falls under Low damage risk zone. Seismic Harzard map is depicited below

There are 13 VSAT enabled permanent seismic monitoring stations network in Karnataka maintained by KSNDMC. Sl. Date & Time Co-ordinates Epicentre Region Magnitude No. (IST) Lat (°N) Long (°E)

1. 23:01:2010:07:15:31 TALEWAD VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.55 75.81 2.9 2. 29:01:2010:03:43:21 KALGURKI VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.57 75.77 3.1 3. 29:01:2010: 20:45:55 KALGURKI VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.57 75.77 2.9 4. 29:01:2010:22:11:43 KALGURKI VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.57 75.77 3.0 5. 10:03:2010:23:08:00 KALGURKI VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.57 75.77 2.6 6. 11:03:2010:02:57:06 KALGURKI VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.57 75.77 2.2 7. 11:04:2010:08:59:33 KALGURKI VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.57 75.77 1.8 8. 24:04:2010:21:20:57 MALGHAN VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.55 75.78 2.5 9. 25:04:2010:09:20:13 MALGHAN VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.55 75.78 2.0 10. 30:04:2010:21:08:29 KALGURKI VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.57 75.77 1.8 11. 04:05:2010:06:14:22 KALGURKI VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.57 75.77 1.5 12. 04:05:2010:06:40:14 KALGURKI VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.57 75.77 1.8 13. 04:05:2010:06:42:45 KALGURKI VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.57 75.77 1.5 14. 05:05:2010:18:52:03 MALGHAN VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.55 75.78 1.8 15. 07:05:2010:18:44:59 MALGHAN VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.55 75.78 1.2 16. 17:05:2010:10:53:28 MALGHAN VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.55 75.78 1.2 17. 07:07:2010:00:12:24 KALGURKI VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.57 75.77 1.2 18. 07:07:2010:01:18:22 KALGURKI VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.57 75.77 1.5 19. 03:10:2010:08:58:54 HUNASHYAL.P.B, BIJAPUR 16.56 76.04 2.3 KALAKODU VILLAGE, 20. 06:10:2010:18:22:11 13.23 75.30 2.1 CHIKKAMAGALUR KALAKODU VILLAGE, 21. 08:10:2010:12:59:01 13.23 75.30 2.0 CHIKKAMAGALUR 22. 20:10:2010:18:42:40 HUNASHYAL.P.B, BIJAPUR 16.56 76.04 1.4 23. 20:10:2010:19:12:36 HUNASHYAL.P.B, BIJAPUR 16.56 76.04 1.3 24. 28:11:2010:22:48:26 KALGURKI VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.57 75.77 2.4 25. 03:12:2010:10:00:29 MALGHAN VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.55 75.78 2.0 26. 21:12:2010:04:38:49 MALGHAN VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.55 75.78 1.6 27. 28:12:2010:21:52:19 KUDREMUKH, CHIKKAMAGALUR 13.23 75.30 2.0 28. 03:02:2011:01:01:06 MUTTALDINNI VILLAGE, BIJAPUR 16.50 75.72 2.2 29. 05:02:2011:19:27:55 EKSAMBE VILLAGE, BELGAUM 16.53 74.60 3.0 SOUTH OF UMARGA, OSMANABAD 30. 19:09:2011:06:22:20 DISTRICT, 12 KMS ACROSS KARNATAKA 17.81 76.64 3.7 BORDER, MAHARASHTRA 31. 16:08:2012:06:19:45 MUDHIGERE VILLAGE, HASSAN 12.81 76.03 3.6 32. 14:10:2012:14:22:06 MADIKERI, KODAGU 12.42 75.74 2.5 AROUND HIRIYUR TALUK, 33. 31:03:2013:19:57:42 13.83 76.57 1.2 CHITRADURGA AROUND HIRIYUR TALUK, 34. 04:04:2013:09:37:56 13.83 76.57 1.4 CHITRADURGA AROUND HIRIYUR TALUK, 35. 05:04:2013:19:14:15 13.83 76.57 1.2 CHITRADURGA 36. 11:04:2013:10:29:37 SIGEHATTI VILLAGE, CHITRADURGA 13.83 76.57 1.8 37. 11:04:2013:19:24:50 SIGEHATTI VILLAGE, CHITRADURGA 13.83 76.57 1.6 38. 30:04:2013:04:19:15 SIGEHATTI VILLAGE, CHITRADURGA 13.83 76.57 2.5 39. 20:05:2013:20:57:13 SIGEHATTI VILLAGE, CHITRADURGA 13.83 76.57 2.2 KERALALUSANDRA VILLAGE, 40. 20:04:2014:03:08:42 12.52 77.46 1.4 RAMNAGARA SAKALESHPURA, MUDIGERE 41. 25:02:2015:06:57:32 13.03 75.70 2.1 BOARDER REGION INDRAPADHOSALI VILLAGE, 42. 12:10:2016:20:05:00 17.42 77.41 1.6 KALBURGI INDRAPADHOSALI VILLAGE, 43. 02:11:2016:14:41:20 17.42 77.41 1.5 KALBURGI Largest Instrumented Earthquake in Karnataka 12 February 1970 - Hassan area, Karnataka, M 5.0 , 13.000 N, 76.100 E, OT=17:09:53 UTC

Significant Earthquakes in Karnataka

Historical events of magnitudes of M4.5 or more (instrumented events). General locations are provided for historical events for which "generalized" epicentral co-ordinates are available. Some events which were significant for other reasons are also included.

August 1507 A.D. - Billankote area, Karnataka. Maximum observed intensity III . This is the earliest known earthquake in Karnataka. This information comes from a stone inscription in the village of Billankote near Bengaluru.

1653-54 A.D. – Bijapur area, Karnataka. Maximum observed intensity III.

22 August 1828 - Bantwal-Mudbidri area, Karnataka. 13.000 N, 75.000 E, Maximum observed intensity VII. This region lies to the east of Mangalore.

12 March 1829 - Mangalore area, Karnataka, M? 5.7. 13.000 N, 75.500 E, Maximum observed intensity VII (This might be the same event as one listed for 13 March 1829 near Bangalore .

13 March 1829 - Bangalore area, Karnataka, M? 5.8. 13.000 N, 77.600 E. Maximum observed intensity V. This might be the same event as one listed for 12 March 1829 near Mangalore.

01 April 1843 - Bellary-Kolagallu area, Karnataka,M? 6.0. 15.200 N, 76.900 E. Maximum observed intensity VIII. There was some damage to civil structures in the epicentral region. It was felt in an area with a radius of 300 km.

23 August 1858- Bengaluru area, Karnataka, M? 5.8. 13.000 N, 77.600 E. Maximum observed intensity.

24 July 1861 - Raichur area, Karnataka.16.400 N, 77.300 E (3), Maximum observed intensity V.

13 January 1862 – Raichur area, Karnataka. 16.400 N, 77.300 E, Maximum observed intensityV.

08 February 1900 - Coimbatore area, Tamil Nadu, M? 6.0, 10.800 N, 76.800 E, Known as the Coimbatore earthquake, it was felt over a large section of south India and is the largest event during the historical period.

07 January 1916 - Bangalore area, Karnataka, Ms 5.0, 13.000 N, 77.300 E, Maximum observed intensity V. .

12 February 1970 - Hassan area, Karnataka, Mb 5.0. 13.000 N, 76.100 E, OT=17:09:53 UTC.

16 May 1972 - Malavalli area, Karnataka, Ms 4.6. 12.400 N, 77.000 E, OT=16:36:42 UTC. This region lies to the south of Mysuru.

17 May 1972 - Malavalli area, Karnataka, Ms 4.5. 12.400 N, 77.000 E, OT=09:59:53 UTC. This region lies to the south of Mysuru.

15 November 1973 - Almel-Sindgi area, Karnataka, Ms 4.0. 17.000 N, 76.300 E. Maximum observed intensity V (3). this earthquake was located in the district of Bijapur in northern Karnataka.

12 May 1975 - Shimoga area, Karnataka, Mb 4.7. 13.800 N, 75.300 E, OT=15:09:28 UTC. Maximum observed intensity V. Felt in Shimoga and the surrounding areas, within a radius of 140 kilometres. This is the first known earthquake in this region .

20 March 1984 - Denkanikota area, Karnataka, Ms 4.6. 12.550 N, 77.770 E, OT=10:45:22 UTC. Felt (14) in southern Karnataka at Bangalore and Mysore and in Tamil Nadu at Krishnagiri. Inteisity VI was observed at Kelamangalam and Kowthalam in Karnataka. Cracks were seen in plaster and utensils were overturned at these places. A section of a mud wall also collapsed and a 2-metre tall papaya tree was uprooted.

27 November 1984 - Masti-Berikal area,Karnataka, M? 4.5.12.870 N, 78.000 E.

03 May 1990 - Dharmasthala area, Karnataka, M? 4.6. 13.000 N, 75.500 E. This region lies between Mangalore and Hassan.

30 September 1993 - Killari area, Maharashtra, Mw 6.2. 18.090 N, 76.470 E, OT=22:25:50 UTC. Among the deadliest intraplate earthquakes on record. Close to 8,000 people were killed and thousands injured in the pre-dawn earthquake. Many villages in the epicentral area, around Killari were razed to the ground. 55 people were killed in the neighbouring state of Karnataka, in Gulbarga district. Strong tremors were experienced at Hyderabad, Pune and Mumbai and across much of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Goa. Tremors were felt as far as Chennai.

14 November 1993 - Tallakad-Kollegal area, Karnataka, M? 4.5. 12.200 N, 77.050 E. This region lies to the south of Mysuru.

29 January 2001 – Bengaluru-South Karnataka region, ML 4.3, 12.595 N, 77.220 E, D=015.0 kms, OT=02:37:47 UTC. A light earthquake struck Bengaluru and the adjoining areas, on 29 January 2001 at 08:07 AM local time causing considerable panic and minor damage to property in southern Karnataka, India. The earthquake had a magnitude of ML=4.3.

10 July 2002 - Koppal region, central Karnataka, ML 3.5 15.340 N, 76.175 E, D=011.0 kms, OT=14:09:06 UTC. A mild earthquake struck central Karnataka, on 10 July 2002 at 19:39 PM local time. It had a magnitude of ML=3.5 and was felt in some parts of the districts of Ballari (Bellary), Koppal and Gadag.

January 2004 - Canacona region, South Goa, A series of minor tremors were felt in towns in Canacona taluka in the district of South Goa in January 2004 beginning 7 January 2004. The exact location of the epicentre of this earthquake is unknown at this point though it does seem to be somewhere in the Canacona region in southern Goa.The tremors were not felt in adjoining districts of Karnataka.

Sources: Iyengar, R.N, Sharma, D, and Siddiqui, J.M, "Earthquake History of India in Medieval Times", Indian Journal of histroy Science, 34 (3), 1999; Valdiya, K.S., "Tectonic resurgance of the Mysore plateau and surrounding regions in cratonic Southern India", Current Science, Vol.81, No.8, pp. 1068 -1089, 2001; Dasgupta, S., Pande, P., Ganguly, D., Iqbal, Z, Sanyal, K, Venkatraman, N.V., Dasgupta, S., Sural, B., Harendranath, L., Mazumdar, K., Sanyal, S., Roy, K., Das, L.K., Misra, P.S., Gupta, H., "Seismotectonic Atlas of India and its Environs", Geological Survey of India, 2000.