Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine

Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta-regression

Material for Online Appendix

PICO criteria for the review of characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in CHD...... 2 eTable 1 Search strategy: CENTRAL database for controlled trials...... 4 eTable 2 Search strategy: MEDLINE...... 9 eTable 3 Search strategy: PSYCINFO...... 12 eTable 4 Search strategy: EMBASE...... 15 eTable 5 Search strategy: CINAHL...... 18 eFigure 1 Selection of studies for inclusion in the review...... 21 eTable 6: Characteristics of study population 22 eTable 7: Characteristics of the interventions...... 31 eTable 8: Quality of the studies...... 41 eFigure 2 Funnel plot including imputed values from Duval and Tweedie’s Trim and Fill procedure...... 47 eTable 9 Effects of individual treatment components from studies recruiting depressed subjects...... 47 eTable 9 Effects of individual treatment components from studies recruiting depressed subjects...... 48

References to studies included in meta analysis...... 49

1 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta-regression

PICO criteria for the review of characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in CHD

Study type: Randomized controlled trials, reports written in English.

Population: Patients of any age with Coronary Heart Disease (stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome or pre or post coronary intervention).

Populations with heart failure or implantable cardiac defibrillators could only be included if there was evidence in the study report or provided by the author that >80% of included subjects had CHD.

Intervention: Patient randomized to a psychological intervention, defined as:

“a synchronous intervention between patient(s) and paraprofessionals which seeks to change knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, emotions, skills and/or behavior concerning health and well-being”

Psychological interventions were defined as involving one or more of the following components:

1. General education: Basic provision of information, commonly using didactic techniques. 2. General discussion: Discussion within a group, facilitated by professionals or lay leaders. 3. Skills training: Teaching of practical skills e.g. blood sugar results, meal planning. 4. Exercise: Specific exercise sessions as part of intervention. 5. Relapse prevention: Discussion of how to maintain behavior to minimize cardiac risk factors in the future and prevent relapses. 6. Behavior therapy: Use of behavioral techniques, such as goal setting, reinforcement, modeling. 7. Problem solving: Identification of problems or barriers to behavior and strategies to overcome them. 8. CBT: Teaching or use of behavioral or cognitive techniques to influence mental health 9. Social support: Teaching techniques to specifically help participants improve social support. 10. Relaxation: Actual practice of relaxation, may include imagery or distraction techniques. 11. Biofeedback: Use of biological feedback to assist relaxation. 12. Miscellaneous: Psychological intervention not described in sufficient detail e.g. stress management.

Control: The following designs were included: 1) Psychological intervention versus Control (waiting list, usual care etc) 2) Psychological intervention plus Medication versus Medication 3) Psychological intervention plus Technology versus Technology

The following designs will be excluded: 1) Psychological intervention versus Psychological intervention

2 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta-regression

2) Psychological intervention versus (Medication or Technology) 3) Psychological intervention plus (Medication or Technology) versus Control

Outcomes: For inclusion, studies must include a standardized measure of depression at outcome

3 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta-regression

eTable 1 Search strategy: CENTRAL database for controlled trials

#1 “ Beck depression inventory”:ti,ab,kw OR BDI:ti,ab #2 “ Zung self rating depression scale”:ti,ab OR ZSDS:ti,ab #3 “ diagnostic interview schedule”:ti,ab #4 “ medical outcomes study”:ti,ab #5 “ general health questionnaire”:ti,ab,kw OR GHQ:ti,ab #6 “ schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia”:ti,ab “ millon behavior health inventory”:ti,ab OR “millon behavioral health #7 inventory”:ti,ab OR MBHI:ti,ab “ cognitive behavior assessment hospital form”:ti,ab OR “cognitive behavioral assessment hospital form”:ti,ab OR “cognitive behaviour #8 assessment hospital form”:ti,ab OR “cognitive behavioural assessment hospital form”:ti,ab #9 “ depression anxiety stress scale”:ti,ab #10 “ SCL-90-R”:ti,ab OR “Symptom checklist 90”:ti,ab,kw #11 “ structured clinical interview”:ti,ab “ center for epidemiological studies depression scale”:ti,ab,kw OR #12 CESD:ti,ab “ hamilton rating scale for depression”:ti,ab OR HAMD:ti,ab OR “HAM- #13 D”:ti,ab OR “Hamilton Scale”:ti,ab,kw (#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #14 #11 OR #12 OR #13) #15 MeSH descriptor Coronary Disease , this term only #16 MeSH descriptor Angina, Unstable , this term only #17 MeSH descriptor Myocardial Infarction , this term only #18 MeSH descriptor Heart Diseases , this term only #19 MeSH descriptor Heart Arrest , this term only #20 MeSH descriptor Angina Pectoris , this term only #21 MeSH descriptor Coronary Artery Bypass , this term only #22 MeSH descriptor Myocardial Ischemia , this term only #23 MeSH descriptor Smoking Cessation , this term only #24 Angina:ti,ab #25 Cabg:ti,ab OR chd:ti,ab #26 “ coronary bypass”:ti,ab #27 “ coronary disease”:ti,ab #28 “ coronary thrombosis”:ti,ab #29 “ coronary angioplasty”:ti,ab “ myocardial infarct”:ti,ab OR “myocardial infarction”:ti,ab OR “myocardium #30 infarct”:ti,ab OR “myocardium infarction”:ti,ab

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#31 “ myocardial ischemia”:ti,ab OR “myocardium ischemia”:ti,ab #32 “ myocardial ischaemia”:ti,ab OR “myocardium ischaemia”:ti,ab #33 “ heart infaction”:ti,ab,kw OR “heart infarct”:ti,ab #34 “ heart disease”:ti,ab,kw OR “heart diseases”:ti,ab #35 “ cardiac disease”:ti,ab OR “cardiac diseases”:ti,ab #36 “ acute coronary syndrome”:ti,ab #37 “ cardiac inpatient”:ti,ab OR “cardiac inpatients”:ti,ab #38 “ cardiac patient”:ti,ab OR “cardiac patients”:ti,ab #39 “ heart patient”:ti,ab OR “heart patients”:ti,ab #40 “ cardiac outpatient”:ti,ab OR “cardiac outpatients”:ti,ab "cardiovascular risk factor":ti,ab OR "coronary risk factor":ti,ab OR #41 "cardiac risk factor":ti,ab OR "cardiovascular risk factors":ti,ab OR "coronary risk factors":ti,ab OR "cardiac risk factors":ti,ab #42 “ smoking cessation”:ti,ab #43 Heart NEAR inpatient #44 Heart NEAR outpatient #45 “ Coronary artery disease”:ti,ab,kw #46 “ coronary artery bypass graft”:ti,ab,kw #47 “ unstable angina pectoris”:ti,ab,kw #48 “ heart muscle ischemia”:ti,ab,kw (#15 OR #16 OR #17 OR #18 OR #19 OR #20 OR #21 OR #22 OR #23 OR #24 OR #25 OR #26 OR #27 OR #28 OR #29 OR #30 OR #31 OR #49 #32 OR #33 OR #34 OR #35 OR #36 OR #37 OR #38 OR #39 OR #40 OR #41 OR #42 OR #43 OR #44 OR #45 OR #46 OR #47 OR #48) #50 psychoeducational NEXT program* #51 psycho-educational NEXT program* #52 psychoeducational NEXT therap* #53 psycho-educational NEXT therap* #54 psychoeducational NEXT outcome* #55 psychoeducational NEXT treatment* #56 psycho-educational NEXT treatment* #57 Psychosocial NEXT program* #58 Psychosocial NEXT therap* #59 psycho-social NEXT therap* #60 Psychosocial NEXT change* #61 Psychosocial NEXT outcome* #62 psycho-social NEXT outcome* #63 Psychosocial NEXT variable* #64 psycho-social NEXT variable* #65 Psychosocial NEXT factor*

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#66 psycho-social NEXT factor* #67 Psychosocial NEXT effect* #68 psycho-social NEXT effect* #69 Psychosocial NEXT treatment* #70 psycho-social NEXT treatment* #71 Psychosocial NEXT rehabilitation* #72 psycho-social NEXT rehabilitation* #73 psychological NEXT distress #74 psychological NEXT stress #75 psychological NEXT rehabilitation #76 psychological NEXT variable* #77 psychological NEXT factor* #78 psychological NEXT adaptation* #79 psychological NEXT outcome* #80 psychological NEXT therap* #81 psychological NEXT change* #82 psychological NEXT effect* #83 Behavio* NEXT intervention* #84 educational NEXT intervention* #85 psychological NEXT intervention* #86 psychosocial NEXT intervention* #87 psycho-social NEXT intervention* #88 psychoeducational NEXT intervention* #89 psycho-educational NEXT intervention* #90 Behavio* NEXT therap* #91 Behavio* NEXT modification #92 Psychopathology:ti,ab #93 “ autogenic training”:ti,ab #94 Counseling:ti,ab OR Counselling:ti,ab #95 “ cognitive therapy”:ti,ab #96 health NEXT education #97 patient NEXT education #98 motivational NEXT interview* #99 “ group psychotherapy”:ti,ab #100 relaxation NEXT technique* #101 relaxation NEXT training #102 type-A NEXT behavior* #103 type-A NEXT counsel*

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#104 “ type-a-behavior”:kw #105 cardiac NEXT counsel* #106 cardiac NEXT nurs* #107 Telephone:ti,ab #108 Group NEXT therapy #109 lifestyle NEXT change* #110 lifestyle NEXT management #111 Self NEXT management #112 Self NEXT care #113 stress NEXT management #114 anxiety NEXT management #115 distress NEXT management #116 Behavio* NEXT change* #117 Behavio* NEXT program* #118 health NEXT behavior* #119 health NEXT behaviour* #120 social NEXT support #121 Support NEXT network* #122 Structured NEXT intervention #123 Brief NEXT intervention #124 Structured NEXT follow-up #125 Brief NEXT follow-up #126 nurse-led:ti,ab #127 “ nurse delivered”:ti,ab #128 “ case-management”:ti,ab #129 psychosocial NEXT nursing #130 liaison NEXT nurs* #131 Sick NEXT role #132 “ life event”:kw #133 “ lifestyle modification”:kw #134 “ adaptive behavior”:kw #135 Vocational NEXT rehabilitation #136 Mental NEXT stress #137 Heart NEXT rehabilitation #138 Cardiac NEXT anxiety #139 MeSH descriptor Rehabilitation , this term only #140 MeSH descriptor Psychotherapy , this term only #141 MeSH descriptor Counseling , this term only

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#142 MeSH descriptor Relaxation Techniques , this term only #143 MeSH descriptor Psychotherapy, Group , this term only #144 MeSH descriptor Adaptation, Psychological , this term only #145 MeSH descriptor Patient Education as Topic , this term only #146 MeSH descriptor Cognitive Therapy , this term only #147 MeSH descriptor Behavior Therapy , this term only #148 MeSH descriptor Health Behavior , this term only #149 MeSH descriptor Rehabilitation, Vocational , this term only #150 MeSH descriptor Stress, Psychological , this term only #151 MeSH descriptor Stress , this term only with qualifier: PC #152 MeSH descriptor Life Style , this term only #153 MeSH descriptor Health Education , this term only #154 MeSH descriptor Health Promotion , this term only #155 MeSH descriptor Life Change Events , this term only #156 MeSH descriptor Motivation , this term only #157 MeSH descriptor Social Support , this term only #158 MeSH descriptor Social Environment , this term only #159 MeSH descriptor Self Care , this term only #160 MeSH descriptor Sick Role , this term only #161 MeSH descriptor Type A Personality , this term only #162 MeSH descriptor Meditation , this term only #163 MeSH descriptor Anxiety , this term only #164 MeSH descriptor Psychopathology , this term only #165 MeSH descriptor Autogenic Training , this term only (#50 OR #51 OR #52 OR #53 OR #54 OR #55 OR #56 OR #57 OR #58 OR #59 OR #60 OR #61 OR #62 OR #63 OR #64 OR #65 OR #66 OR #67 OR #68 OR #69 OR #70 OR #71 OR #72 OR #73 OR #74 OR #75 OR #76 OR #77 OR #78 OR #79 OR #80 OR #81 OR #82 OR #83 OR #84 OR #85 OR #86 OR #87 OR #88 OR #89 OR #90 OR #91 OR #92 OR #93 OR #94 OR #95 OR #96 OR #97 OR #98 OR #99 OR #100 OR #101 OR #102 OR #103 OR #104 OR #105 OR #106 OR #107 OR #108 #166 OR #109 OR #110 OR #111 OR #112 OR #113 OR #114 OR #115 OR #116 OR #117 OR #118 OR #119 OR #120 OR #121 OR #122 OR #123 OR #124 OR #125 OR #126 OR #127 OR #128 OR #129 OR #130 OR #131 OR #132 OR #133 OR #134 OR #135 OR #136 OR #137 OR #138 OR #139 OR #140 OR #141 OR #142 OR #143 OR #144 OR #145 OR #146 OR #147 OR #148 OR #149 OR #150 OR #151 OR #152 OR #153 OR #154 OR #155 OR #156 OR #157 OR #158 OR #159 OR #160 OR #161 OR #162 OR #163 OR #164 OR #165) #167 (#14 AND #49) #168 (#49 AND #166) #169 (#167 OR #168) #170 (#167 AND NOT #168)

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eTable 2 Search strategy: MEDLINE 1 Coronary disease/ 2 Angina, unstable/ 3 Myocardial infarction/ 4 Heart diseases/ 5 Heart Arrest/ 6 Angina pectoris/ 7 Coronary artery bypass/ 8 Myocardial ischemia/ 9 smoking cessation/ 10 angina.tw. 11 (cabg or chd).tw. 12 coronary bypass$.tw. 13 coronary disease$.tw. 14 coronary thrombo$.tw. 15 coronary angioplast$.tw. 16 myocard$ infarct$.tw. 17 myocard$ ischemi$.tw. 18 myocard$ ischaemi$.tw. 19 heart infarct$.tw. 20 heart disease$.tw. 21 cardiac disease$.tw. 22 acute coronary syndrome.tw. 23 cardiac inpatient$.tw. 24 cardiac patient$.tw. 25 heart patient$.tw. 26 cardiac outpatient$.tw. 27 ((cardiovascular or coronary or cardiac) adj risk factor$).tw. 28 smoking cessation.tw. 29 (heart adj5 outpatient$).tw. 30 (heart adj5 inpatient$).tw. 31 or/1-30 ((psychoeducational or psycho-educational) adj (program$ or therap$ or change$ or outcome$ or 32 effect$ or treatment$ or variable$ or factor$)).tw. ((psychosocial or psycho-social) adj (program$ or therap$ or change$ or outcome$ or variable$ 33 or factor$ or change$ or effect$ or treatment$ or rehabilitation)).tw. (psychological adj (distress or stress or rehabilitation or variable$ or factor$ or adaptation$ or 34 outcome$ or therap$ or change$ or effect$)).tw. ((behavio?ral or educational or psychological or psychosocial or psycho-social or 35 psychoeducational or psycho-educational) adj intervention$).tw. 36 (behavio?r$ adj therap$).tw. 37 (behavio?r$ adj modif$).tw.

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38 psychopathology.tw. 39 autogenic training.tw. 40 counsel?ing.tw. 41 cognitive therapy.tw. 42 ((health or patient) adj education).tw. 43 motivational interview$.tw. 44 group psychotherapy.tw. 45 relaxation technique$.tw. 46 (type-A adj (behavio?r$ or counsel?ing)).tw. 47 (cardiac adj (counsel?ing or nurs$)).tw. 48 telephone.tw. 49 group therapy.tw. 50 (lifestyle adj (change$ or management)).tw. 51 (self adj (management or care)).tw. 52 ((stress or anxiety or distress) adj management).tw. 53 (behavio?r$ adj (change$ or program$)).tw. 54 health behavio?r$.tw. 55 social support.tw. 56 support network$.tw. 57 ((structured or brief) adj (intervention or follow-up)).tw. 58 (nurse-led or nurse delivered).tw. 59 case-management.tw. 60 ((psychosocial or psycho-social) adj nursing).tw. 61 liaison nurs$.tw. 62 Rehabilitation/ 63 Psychotherapy/ 64 Counseling/ 65 Relaxation Techniques/ 66 Psychotherapy, group/ 67 Adaptation, psychological/ 68 Patient education as topic/ 69 Cognitive therapy/ 70 Behavior Therapy/ 71 Health behavior/ 72 Rehabilitation, vocational/ 73 Stress, psychological/ 74 Stress/pc [Prevention & Control] 75 Lifestyle/ 76 Health education/ 77 Health promotion/ 78 Life change events/ 79 Motivation/

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80 Social support/ 81 Social environment/ 82 Self-care/ 83 Sick Role/ 84 Type A personality/ 85 Meditation/ 86 Anxiety/ 87 Psychopathology/ 88 Autogenic Training/ 89 or/32-88 90 Clinical Trial.pt. 91 randomized.tw. 92 placebo.tw. 93 dt.fs. 94 randomly.tw. 95 trial.tw. 96 groups.tw. 97 or/90-96 98 (animals not humans).sh. 99 97 not 98 100 31 and 89 and 99 101 limit 100 to yr="2007 - 2008"

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eTable 3 Search strategy: PSYCINFO

1 Cardiovascular disorders/ 2 Angina Pectoris/ 3 Myocardial infarctions/ 4 Heart disorders/ 5 smoking cessation/ 6 angina.tw. 7 (cabg or chd).tw. 8 coronary bypass$.tw. 9 coronary disease$.tw. 10 coronary thrombo$.tw. 11 coronary angioplast$.tw. 12 myocard$ infarct$.tw. 13 myocard$ ischemi$.tw. 14 myocard$ ischaemi$.tw. 15 heart infarct$.tw. 16 heart disease$.tw. 17 cardiac disease$.tw. 18 acute coronary syndrome.tw. 19 cardiac inpatient$.tw. 20 cardiac patient$.tw. 21 heart patient$.tw. 22 cardiac outpatient$.tw. 23 ((cardiovascular or coronary or cardiac) adj risk factor$).tw. 24 smoking cessation.tw. 25 (heart adj5 outpatient$).tw. 26 (heart adj5 inpatient$).tw. 27 heart arrest.tw. 28 coronary artery bypass.tw. 29 or/1-28 ((psychoeducational or psycho-educational) adj (program$ or therap$ or change$ or outcome$ or 30 effect$ or treatment$ or variable$ or factor$)).tw. ((psychosocial or psycho-social) adj (program$ or therap$ or change$ or outcome$ or variable$ 31 or factor$ or change$ or effect$ or treatment$ or rehabilitation)).tw. (psychological adj (distress or stress or rehabilitation or variable$ or factor$ or adaptation$ or 32 outcome$ or therap$ or change$ or effect$)).tw. ((behavio?ral or educational or psychological or psychosocial or psycho-social or 33 psychoeducational or psycho-educational) adj intervention$).tw. 34 (behavio?r$ adj therap$).tw. 35 (behavio?r$ adj modif$).tw. 36 psychopathology.tw.

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37 autogenic training.tw. 38 counsel?ing.tw. 39 cognitive therapy.tw. 40 ((health or patient) adj education).tw. 41 motivational interview$.tw. 42 group psychotherapy.tw. 43 relaxation technique$.tw. 44 (type-A adj (behavio?r$ or counsel?ing)).tw. 45 (cardiac adj (counsel?ing or nurs$)).tw. 46 telephone.tw. 47 group therapy.tw. 48 (lifestyle adj (change$ or management)).tw. 49 (self adj (management or care)).tw. 50 ((stress or anxiety or distress) adj management).tw. 51 (behavio?r$ adj (change$ or program$)).tw. 52 health behavio?r$.tw. 53 social support.tw. 54 support network$.tw. 55 ((structured or brief) adj (intervention or follow-up)).tw. 56 (nurse-led or nurse delivered).tw. 57 case-management.tw. 58 ((psychosocial or psycho-social) adj nursing).tw. 59 liaison nurs$.tw. 60 sick role.tw. 61 psychological adjustment.tw. 62 Rehabilitation/ 63 Psychotherapy/ 64 Counseling/ 65 exp Relaxation Therapy/ 66 Group Psychotherapy/ 67 Client Education/ 68 Cognitive therapy/ 69 Behavior Therapy/ 70 Health behavior/ 71 Rehabilitation, vocational/ 72 Psychological Stress/ 73 Lifestyle/ 74 Health education/ 75 Health promotion/ 76 Life experiences/ 77 Motivation/ 78 Social support/

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79 Social environment/ 80 Self-care/ 81 Illness behavior/ 82 Type A personality/ 83 Meditation/ 84 Anxiety/ 85 Psychopathology/ 86 Autogenic Training/ 87 Coronary Prone Behavior/ 88 Cardiovascular Reactivity/ 89 or/30-88 90 Randomi?ed controlled trial$.tw. 91 Controlled clinical trial$.tw. 92 "2000".md. 93 or/90-92 94 (animal not human).po. 95 93 not 94 96 (clin$ adj25 trial$).tw. 97 ((singl$ or doubl$ or trebl$ or tripl$) adj25 (blind$ or mask$)).tw. 98 placebo$.tw. 99 random$.tw. 100 or/96-99 101 100 not 94 102 101 not 95 103 "0430".md. 104 "0451".md. 105 (control$ or prospectiv$ or volunteer$).tw. 106 or/103-105 107 106 not 94 108 107 not (102 or 95) 109 95 or 102 or 108 110 109 and 89 and 29 111 limit 110 to yr="2007 - 2009"

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eTable 4 Search strategy: EMBASE

1 Coronary Artery Disease/ 2 Unstable Angina Pectoris/ 3 Heart Infarction/ 4 Heart disease/ 5 Heart Arrest/ 6 Angina pectoris/ 7 Coronary artery bypass graft/ 8 Heart Muscle ischemia/ 9 smoking cessation/ 10 angina.tw. 11 (cabg or chd).tw. 12 coronary bypass$.tw. 13 coronary disease$.tw. 14 coronary thrombo$.tw. 15 coronary angioplast$.tw. 16 myocard$ infarct$.tw. 17 myocard$ ischemi$.tw. 18 myocard$ ischaemi$.tw. 19 heart infarct$.tw. 20 heart disease$.tw. 21 cardiac disease$.tw. 22 acute coronary syndrome.tw. 23 cardiac inpatient$.tw. 24 cardiac patient$.tw. 25 heart patient$.tw. 26 cardiac outpatient$.tw. 27 ((cardiovascular or coronary or cardiac) adj risk factor$).tw. 28 smoking cessation.tw. 29 (heart adj5 outpatient$).tw. 30 (heart adj5 inpatient$).tw. 31 or/1-30 ((psychoeducational or psycho-educational) adj (program$ or therap$ or change$ or outcome$ or 32 effect$ or treatment$ or variable$ or factor$)).tw. ((psychosocial or psycho-social) adj (program$ or therap$ or change$ or outcome$ or variable$ 33 or factor$ or change$ or effect$ or treatment$ or rehabilitation)).tw. (psychological adj (distress or stress or rehabilitation or variable$ or factor$ or adaptation$ or 34 outcome$ or therap$ or change$ or effect$)).tw. ((behavio?ral or educational or psychological or psychosocial or psycho-social or 35 psychoeducational or psycho-educational) adj intervention$).tw. 36 (behavio?r$ adj therap$).tw.

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37 (behavio?r$ adj modif$).tw. 38 psychopathology.tw. 39 autogenic training.tw. 40 counsel?ing.tw. 41 cognitive therapy.tw. 42 ((health or patient) adj education).tw. 43 motivational interview$.tw. 44 group psychotherapy.tw. 45 relaxation technique$.tw. 46 (type-A adj (behavio?r$ or counsel?ing)).tw. 47 (cardiac adj (counsel?ing or nurs$)).tw. 48 telephone.tw. 49 group therapy.tw. 50 (lifestyle adj (change$ or management)).tw. 51 (self adj (management or care)).tw. 52 ((stress or anxiety or distress) adj management).tw. 53 (behavio?r$ adj (change$ or program$)).tw. 54 health behavio?r$.tw. 55 social support.tw. 56 support network$.tw. 57 ((structured or brief) adj (intervention or follow-up)).tw. 58 (nurse-led or nurse delivered).tw. 59 case-management.tw. 60 ((psychosocial or psycho-social) adj nursing).tw. 61 liaison nurs$.tw. 62 sick role$.tw. 63 psychopathology.tw. 64 Heart Rehabilitation/ 65 Psychotherapy/ 66 Counseling/ 67 Relaxation Training/ 68 Group Therapy/ 69 Adaptive Behavior/ 70 Patient education/ 71 Cognitive therapy/ 72 Behavior Therapy/ 73 Health behavior/ 74 Vocational Rehabilitation/ 75 Mental Stress/ 76 Stress Management/ 77 Lifestyle Modification/ 78 Health education/

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79 Health promotion/ 80 Life event/ 81 Motivation/ 82 Social support/ 83 Social environment/ 84 Self-care/ 85 Type A behavior/ 86 Meditation/ 87 Cardiac Anxiety/ 88 Autogenic Training/ 89 or/32-88 90 Randomi?ed controlled trial$.tw. 91 Controlled clinical trial.tw. 92 Randomized controlled trial.sh. 93 Randomization.sh. 94 Double blind procedure.sh. 95 Single-blind procedure.sh. 96 or/90-95 97 (Nonhuman not human).sh. 98 96 not 97 99 Clinical trial.tw. 100 exp Clinical Trial/ 101 (clin$ adj25 trial$).ti,ab. 102 ((singl$ or doubl$ or trebl$ or tripl$) adj25 (blind$ or mask$)).ti,ab. 103 Placebo.sh. 104 placebo$.ti,ab. 105 random$.ti,ab. 106 Methodology.sh. 107 or/99-106 108 107 not 97 109 108 not 98 110 Comparative study.sh. 111 Evaluation/ 112 Follow up.sh. 113 Prospective study.sh. 114 (control$ or prospectiv$ or volunteer$).ti,ab. 115 or/110-114 116 115 not 97 117 116 not (98 or 109) 118 109 or 98 or 117 119 118 and 89 and 31 120 limit 119 to yr="2007 - 2008"

18 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta-regression eTable 5 Search strategy: CINAHL

1 Coronary disease/ 2 Angina, unstable/ 3 Myocardial infarction/ 4 Heart diseases/ 5 Heart Arrest/ 6 Angina pectoris/ 7 Coronary artery bypass/ 8 Myocardial ischemia/ 9 smoking cessation/ 10 angina.tw. 11 (cabg or chd).tw. 12 coronary bypass$.tw. 13 coronary disease$.tw. 14 coronary thrombo$.tw. 15 coronary angioplast$.tw. 16 myocard$ infarct$.tw. 17 myocard$ ischemi$.tw. 18 myocard$ ischaemi$.tw. 19 heart infarct$.tw. 20 heart disease$.tw. 21 cardiac disease$.tw. 22 acute coronary syndrome.tw. 23 cardiac inpatient$.tw. 24 cardiac patient$.tw. 25 heart patient$.tw. 26 cardiac outpatient$.tw. 27 ((cardiovascular or coronary or cardiac) adj risk factor$).tw. 28 smoking cessation.tw. 29 (heart adj5 outpatient$).tw. 30 (heart adj5 inpatient$).tw. 31 or/1-30 ((psychoeducational or psycho-educational) adj (program$ or therap$ or change$ or outcome$ or 32 effect$ or treatment$ or variable$ or factor$)).tw. ((psychosocial or psycho-social) adj (program$ or therap$ or change$ or outcome$ or variable$ 33 or factor$ or change$ or effect$ or treatment$ or rehabilitation)).tw. (psychological adj (distress or stress or rehabilitation or variable$ or factor$ or adaptation$ or 34 outcome$ or therap$ or change$ or effect$)).tw. ((behavio?ral or educational or psychological or psychosocial or psycho-social or 35 psychoeducational or psycho-educational) adj intervention$).tw. 36 (behavio?r$ adj therap$).tw.

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37 (behavio?r$ adj modif$).tw. 38 psychopathology.tw. 39 autogenic training.tw. 40 counsel?ing.tw. 41 cognitive therapy.tw. 42 ((health or patient) adj education).tw. 43 motivational interview$.tw. 44 group psychotherapy.tw. 45 relaxation technique$.tw. 46 (type-A adj (behavio?r$ or counsel?ing)).tw. 47 (cardiac adj (counsel?ing or nurs$)).tw. 48 telephone.tw. 49 group therapy.tw. 50 (lifestyle adj (change$ or management)).tw. 51 (self adj (management or care)).tw. 52 ((stress or anxiety or distress) adj management).tw. 53 (behavio?r$ adj (change$ or program$)).tw. 54 health behavio?r$.tw. 55 social support.tw. 56 support network$.tw. 57 ((structured or brief) adj (intervention or follow-up)).tw. 58 (nurse-led or nurse delivered).tw. 59 case-management.tw. 60 ((psychosocial or psycho-social) adj nursing).tw. 61 liaison nurs$.tw. 62 Rehabilitation/ 63 Psychotherapy/ 64 Counseling/ 65 Relaxation Techniques/ 66 Psychotherapy, group/ 67 Adaptation, psychological/ 68 Patient education/ 69 Cognitive therapy/ 70 Behavior Therapy/ 71 Health behavior/ 72 Rehabilitation, vocational/ 73 Stress, psychological/ 74 Stress/pc [Prevention & Control] 75 Lifestyle/ 76 Health education/ 77 Health promotion/ 78 Life change events/

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79 Motivation/ 80 Social support/ 81 Social environment/ 82 Self-care/ 83 Sick Role/ 84 Meditation/ 85 Anxiety/ 86 Psychopathology/ 87 Autogenic Training/ 88 Coronary Prone Behavior/ 89 Coronary Care Nursing/ 90 exp Rehabilitation, Cardiac/ 91 or/32-90 92 exp Clinical Trials/ 93 Clinical Trial.pt. 94 Randomi?ed controlled trial$.tw. 95 Controlled clinical trial$.tw. 96 or/92-95 97 Random assignment/ 98 Random$.tw. 99 (clin$ adj25 trial$).ti,ab. 100 ((singl$ or doubl$ or trebl$ or tripl$) adj25 (blind$ or mask$)).ti,ab. 101 Placebos.sh. 102 placebo$.tw. 103 or/97-102 104 103 not 96 105 Comparative Studies/ 106 Prospective Studies/ 107 Follow up study.tw. 108 (control$ or prospectiv$ or volunteer$).ti,ab. 109 or/105-108 110 109 not (104 or 96) 111 96 or 104 or 110 112 111 and 91 and 31 113 limit 112 to yr="2007 - 2008" 114 from 113 keep 1-498

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eFigure 1 Selection of studies for inclusion in the review

6785 records identified from database searching

6746 records after 39 duplicates removed

6746 records screened 6462 records excluded titles/abstracts incl. 24 reviews 8 ongoing RCTs 284 full text articles 220 full text articles assessed for eligibility excluded Not RCT (n=28) Not CHD (n=13) Not psychosocial intervention (n=23) 4 records included from No psychological additional sources (fig outcome (n=33) 2) Not depression (n=87) 9 records included from 64 records Other (e.g. not relevant additional sources (fig or authors unable to 3) provide data n=37)

77 references (62 studies) included in quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis)

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eTable 6: Characteristics of study populations

Study Sample Mean Males CHD Time since Where Depressed at Depression Baseline mean (SD) size age (%) diagnosis diagnosis / acute recruited baseline or assessment depression score event when depressed patients subgroup recruited to trial analysed? Appels 710 53.36 77.5 Post PCI 2 weeks post Secondary No SCID (DSM-IV) Intervention n=58 2005/Appels (stable admission care (16%), control n=43 2006 (1) angina, (12%) unstable angina, MI) Ashton 22 65.23 86.4 First Day before CABG Secondary No POMS depression Not reported 1997/Ashton CABG care scale 1995 (2)

Barr Taylor 210 52 100.0 MI ≤ 28 days Secondary No HAM-D 3.5 1986 (3) following care admission for MI

Barth 2005 59 Interventi 76.3 MI, CABG, On admission Secondary Yes BDI, HADS, BRMS BDI: TG=19.04 (57) on: 60.81 PTCA, Care UC=21.25 Control: unstable BRMS:TG=9.78 55.62 angina UC=8.66 pectoris HADS: TG=23.07 UC=24.58 Berkman, 2481 61 56.3 MI ≤ 28 days Secondary Yes BDI, HRSD BDI 15.7, HRSD 15.5 ENRICHD following MI care writing committee 2003 (4) Blumenthal 134 63 68.7 IHD Not reported Community No BDI 9.4 (7.8) 2005 (5) via adverts

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Burgess 180 50.9 85.6 MI Immediately Secondary No ZUNG Not reported 1987 (7) following transfer care from CCU to general ward Claesson 198 61 0 MI, CABG, ≥6 mos since Community No Psychopathological Not reported 2005 (8) PTCA, acute event Rating Scale Self angina Affective (CPRS-S- pectoris A) depression scale de Klerk 50 56 100.0 First Immediately prior Secondary No BDI-II, POMS BDI-II 12.3, POMS 2004 (9) CABG to CABG care depression scale 15.8 Dugmore 124 Good 98.4 MI 3 weeks following Secondary No Toronto Attitude Not reported 1999 (10) prognosis MI care Scale - depression group: 52.25 Poor prognosis group: 59.4 Engblom 228 54 88.2 CABG Immediately prior Secondary No BDI 11.7 1997 (11) to CABG care Frasure- 1376 59.3 65.6 MI Immediately Secondary No BDI 8.5 Smith 1997 following transfer care (12) from CCU to general ward Freedland 123 CBT 50.41 CABG <1 year since Secondary Yes DISH (DSM IV) -Minor depression: 2009 (13) 61.51, CABG care minor/major CBT (n=15, 37%) depression (n/%) -SSM (n=12, 29%), SSM control (n=15, 38%)

24 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta- regression

Study Sample Mean Males CHD Time since Where Depressed at Depression Baseline mean (SD) size age (%) diagnosis diagnosis / acute recruited baseline or assessment depression score event when depressed patients subgroup recruited to trial analysed? 59.9 -Major depression: CBT (n=26, 63%) -SSM (n=30, 71%), control (n=25, 62%) Fridlund 178 56.41 56.7 MI Immediately post- Secondary No WHO questionnaire n/r 1991 (14) discharge care Frizelle 2004 22 n/r n/r CHD Unspecified time) Secondary No HADS Not reported (15) post discharge care, following ICD community (nr?) Furze 2009 204 64.78 80.39 CHD, pre- Pre-first CABG Secondary No Cardiac depression 95 (16) CABG care scale

Gallagher 196 67.53 0 CAD, MI, Shortly after Secondary No HADS 6.2 2003 (17) CABG, admission care coronary angiograp hy, stable angina Goodman 188 64.78 80.9 Pre-CABG Not reported Secondary No HADS 4.7 2008 (18) care

Hofman- 87 53 83.9 PTCA Immediately prior Secondary No BDI 8.6 Bang 1999 to PTCA care (19) Holmes- 525 36.38 ACS Shortly after Secondary No CES-D 13.6 Rovner 2008 60 hospital care (20) admission for ACS

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Study Sample Mean Males CHD Time since Where Depressed at Depression Baseline mean (SD) size age (%) diagnosis diagnosis / acute recruited baseline or assessment depression score event when depressed patients subgroup recruited to trial analysed? Hughes 70 60 56 Stable Not reportedr Secondary No HADS Median 2 (1,4) 2007 (21) CHD care

Johnston 100 55.62 65 MI <72 hours post Secondary No HADS 6.7 1999 (22) admission to CCU care

Jones 1996 2328 n/r n/r MI ≤28 days post MI Secondary No DSSI/sad Median (5th, 95th) (23) care Intervention 1 (0,8), control 1 (0,9) Karlsson 224 63.55 76.8 MI or Recruited at Secondary No HADS Not reported 2007 (24) planned admission for MI care CABG or at home while on waiting list if planned CABG Koertge 247 62.07 0 MI, PCI, Recruited during Secondary No BDI 10.93 2007 (25) CABG hospitalisation care

Leserman 27 67.53 66.7 Cardiac 2 days post- Secondary No POMS depression 13.2 1989 (26) surgery operatively; care scale Duration of illness- experimental group – 4.9 (s.d. = 5.6), control group – 8.5 (s.d. = 7.7) Lesperance 284 58.15 75.4 CHD 26% <6 mo since Outpatients Yes HAM-D, BDI-II, HAM-D 29.8, BDI-II 2007 (27) most recent Inventory of 30.3 cardiac event; Depressive 30% 6mo-2yrs; Severity

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Lewin 1992 176 55.82 71.6 MI Within 3 days of Secondary yes HADS 4.6 (28) MI care

Lewin 2002 142 67.21 59.9 Angina >12 months since Primary care No HADS Not reported (30) Pectoris diagnosis

Lewin 2002a 243 64 74.5 MI Within 24 hours of Secondary No HADS 5.4 (31) admission care

Lewin 2009 192 61.72 90.10 CHD Upon admission Secondary No HADS Not reported (29) to hospital for ICD care

Lie 2007 203 62 81.8 Pre-CABG 1-5 days post Secondary Yes HADS 4.1 (32) admission for care surgery

Linden 1995 41 61.5 56.1 MI On admission to Secondary No HADS 3 (33) CCU care

McHugh 98 Interventi 76.5 First When added to Secondary No HADS Not reported 2001 (34) on CABG (CABG) waiting care median list

27 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta- regression

Study Sample Mean Males CHD Time since Where Depressed at Depression Baseline mean (SD) size age (%) diagnosis diagnosis / acute recruited baseline or assessment depression score event when depressed patients subgroup recruited to trial analysed? 61.1, control median 63.0 McLaughlin 100 60.3 53.0 ACS On admission to Secondary Yes HADS 7.5 2005 (35) CCU care

Merswolken 62 Interventi Interventi CHD ≥3 months post 2 cardiology Yes HADS HADS Depression 2011 (58) on: 62.5. on group hospital discharge hospitals score: Breaks 76.0 Diagnostic Intervention: 7.4 (3.1) down Control: Control Interview for Controls: 7.6 (3.9). as: 30 59.8 group: Psychiatric in 70.0 Disorders on Psychiatric disorders interven anxiety disorders, interview- depression tion, 32 affective disorders, and dysthymia: in alcohol and drug Intervention: 8 (2). control abuse. Control group: 7 (26) Michalsen 101 59.42 77.2 CAD Following Secondary No BDI 9.6 2005 (36) coronary care angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or stationary treatment for CAD. Mittag 2006 343 59.81 81.9 Cardiac Following cardiac Secondary No CES-D Intervention men 12.2 (37) event (MI, event care (7.8), women 16.2 PCI, (8.0), control men CABG) 13.0 (7.5), women 17.5 (10.0)

28 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta- regression

Study Sample Mean Males CHD Time since Where Depressed at Depression Baseline mean (SD) size age (%) diagnosis diagnosis / acute recruited baseline or assessment depression score event when depressed patients subgroup recruited to trial analysed? Moore 2001 193 62.6 49.7 Pre-CABG 1 month after Secondary No POMS depression 9.1 (38) coronary artery care scale bypass graft surgery Murchie 1343 66.2 58.2 CHD Not reported Primary care No HADS Intervention n=39 2004 (39) (96%), control n=46 (7%) Mutwali 49 Interventi 100.0 Pre- Following On No. HADS HADS 2012 (59) on: 56.75 CABG admission for admission to Intervention: 5.86 Control: CABG the cardiac (2.93) 57.22 surgery Control: 8.24 (3.18) department- Secondary care Newton 40 <70 72.5 MI Following Secondary No BDI, POMS BDI 8.1, POMS 6.2 1991(40) diagnosis care depression scale

Oldridge 201 52.8 88.1 MI Upon admission Secondary Yes BDI 4.1 1991 (41) to hospital care

Oranta 2010 103 59.6 Interventi Acute MI Following Secondary Yes BDI Intervention group: (60) on group: admission Care 8.6 (6.8) 74.5 Control group: 7.7 Control (6.0) group: 67.3 Paul- 103 67.42 81.6 CHD Not reported Secondary No CES-D 9.3 Labrador care, 2006 (42) community

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Study Sample Mean Males CHD Time since Where Depressed at Depression Baseline mean (SD) size age (%) diagnosis diagnosis / acute recruited baseline or assessment depression score event when depressed patients subgroup recruited to trial analysed? Poortaghi 80 Interventi Interventi Post 1.5 months post Ambulatory Yes GHQ-28 Intervention group: 2011 (61) on: 57.05 on group: CABG, MI, discharge from rehabilitation 4.06 (0.25) Control: 72.5 percutane hospital centre Control group: 6.94 57.78 Control ous (0.28) group: translumin 77.5 al coronary angioplast y (PTCA) Postlethwait 27 52.2 27 MI, CABG, Upon admission Secondary No Depression n/r e1986 (43) angina care adjective checklist pectoris Scholz 2006 198 58.5 82.3 CHD Not reported Secondary No CES-D 13.54 (44) care Schrader 669 n/r 62.0 MI, Upon admission Primary Yes CES-D Intervention 2005 (45) unstable to cardiology unit care, moderate/severe 35.5 angina, secondary (7), mild 20.3 (3), arrhythmia care control , CABG, moderate/severe 34.7 angioplast (6.4), mild 20.5 (3.2) y Sebregts 204 55.41 77.9 MI, CABG Not specified Secondary No BDI, SCID 7.6 2005 (46) care Seki 2003 38 69.68 100.0 CHD At least 6 months Secondary No ZUNG 33.7 (47) after major care coronary event Shuldham 356 62.51 80.9 First Awaiting coronary Secondary No HADS 5.75 2002 (48) CABG bypass surgery care Sneed 1997 34 63 n/r ICD Not specified Secondary No POMS depression 13.7 (49) recipients care scale

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Study Sample Mean Males CHD Time since Where Depressed at Depression Baseline mean (SD) size age (%) diagnosis diagnosis / acute recruited baseline or assessment depression score event when depressed patients subgroup recruited to trial analysed? Sorlie 2007 109 58.26 88.1 Stable Awaiting CABG Secondary No ZUNG 37.3 (50) angina care

Southard 104 62.3 75.0 CHD Not reported Primary No BDI 8.4 2003 (51) care, secondary care, community Stern 1983 106 <70 85.8 MI Not specified Secondary Yes ZUNG 35.2 (52) care, community

Thompson 60 54.32 100.0 First MI Following Secondary No HADS n/r 1990 (53) admission to CCU care Trzcieniecka 100 60.2 87.0 MI, CABG 2 to 3 months Secondary No HADS 4.5 -Green 1996 following care (54) myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass Unden 1993 103 58 100.0 MI Following Secondary No Combined 3.5 (55) admission to CCU care depression assessment Utriyaprasit 120 Interventi 70.0 CABG CABG surgery Cardiac unit No POMS Scores for 2010 (62) on: 62.78 surgery within the last 8 or in tertiary “depression and Control: 9 days centre dejection” which is a 63.30 category of POMS: Intervention: 2.93 (4.64) Control: 2.33 (3.52)

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Study Sample Mean Males CHD Time since Where Depressed at Depression Baseline mean (SD) size age (%) diagnosis diagnosis / acute recruited baseline or assessment depression score event when depressed patients subgroup recruited to trial analysed? Vale 2003 792 58.45 77.0 CABG, Following hospital Secondary No Cardiac depression Not reported (56) PTCA, MI, admission care score unstable angina, coronary angiograp hy with planned revascular isation

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Abbreviations for Table 1 – Characteristics of study populations n/r – not reported n/a – not applicable

CBT – Cognitive behaviour therapy SSM – Supportive stress management

CHD diagnosis: ACS – Acute coronary syndrome CABG – Coronary artery bypass graft CAD – Coronary heart disease ICD – Implantable cardioverter defibrillator IHD – Ischemic heart disease MI – Myocardial infarction PCI – Percutaneous coronary intervention PTCA – Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Depression assessment: BDI/BDI-II – Beck depression inventory CES-D – Center for Epidemiological studies depression scale DISH (DSM-IV) DSSI/sad – Personal disturbance scale HADS – Hospital anxiety and depression scale HAM-D/HRSD – Hamilton rating scale for depression POMS – Profile of mood states SCID (DSM-IV) – Structured clinical interview for depression (Diagnostic and statistical manual version 4) WHO questionnaire – World health organisation ZUNG – Self assessment depression scale

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eTable 7: Characteristics of the interventions

Study Intervention Control group Lifestyle Psychological No. Sessions Length Who delivered the Delivery session intervention? method (hours) Appels Exhaustion Usual care General Relaxation, 14 2.00 Group discussion Group 2005/Appels 2006 intervention study discussion miscellaneous facilitated by face to (1) (health counsellors, face professionals patients were able available to answer to meet with a patients questions) cardiologist, dietician, health educator for further information Ashton Self hypnosis Usual care n/a Relaxation Asked to n/r n/r Combined 1997/Ashton1995 relaxation practice individual (2) techniques hourly prior to face to surgery and face and as often as remote possible post operatively Barr Taylor 1986 Treadmill testing Usual care (exercise Exercise n/a 23 n/r Program nurse Combined (3) plus home testing 6 months post individual exercise training MI) remote and group face to face Barth 2005 Brief additional Usual care Behavior CBT 4-6 0.50 Three not psychotherapeutic therapy Psychotherapists explicitly treatment specified- face to face Berkman, Cognitive Usual care n/a CBT, social support 26 1.00 Counsellors Combined ENRICHD writing behavioural (trained in clinical individual committee 2003 therapy (and or counselling and group (4) antidepressant psychology, clinical face to

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Study Intervention Control group Lifestyle Psychological No. Sessions Length Who delivered the Delivery session intervention? method (hours) medication) social work, clinical face psychiatry or psychiatric nursing)

Blumenthal 2005 1. Supervised Usual care 1.Exercise 1. n/a 1. 48 1. 0.35 No details given Combined (5) aerobic 2. n/a 2. Problem solving, 2.16 2. 1.50 individual exercise social support, and group training relaxation face to 2. Stress face management Brown 1993 (6) Behaviour therapy Control group (acted as Behaviour Cognitive 12 1.00 One of 3 therapists Individual control for non specific therapy restructuring, (2 clinical face to treatment effects) relaxation, psychologists, 1 face miscellaneous psychiatrist) Burgess 1987 (7) Cardiac Usual care n/a CBT model, social 6 n/r Masters level nurse Individual rehabilitation support practitioners face to programme face Claesson 2005 (8) Cognitive Usual care General Cognitive 20 2.00 Described as a Group behavioural stress education, behavioural therapy leader no details face to management skills training about profession face given de Klerk 2004 (9) Hypnotherapeutic Usual care n/a Relaxation 5 1.00 Not clear who Individual ego strengthening hypnotherapy delivered pre-op, face to post-op using face cassette tape “the principal authors voice was used” Dugmore 1999 Exercise Usual care Exercise n/a 156 n/r No details given Individual (10) rehabilitation face to programme face Engblom 1997 Rehabilitation Usual care (hospital General Miscellaneous n/r Total contact Physician, Combined (11) programme treatment group) education, (anxiety and time 79.5 psychologist, individual skills psychological risk hours physiotherapist, and group training, management) occupational face to exercise, therapist, face 35 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta- regression

Study Intervention Control group Lifestyle Psychological No. Sessions Length Who delivered the Delivery session intervention? method (hours) behaviour nutritionists therapy

Frasure-Smith Psychosocial Usual care Education n/a 2 1.00 Nurses Individual 1997 (12) nursing face to intervention face Freedland 2009 1. Cognitive Usual care 1. Relapse 1. CBT 12 1.00 1 of 3 therapists (2 Individual (13) behavioural preventi 2. Relaxation, clinical face to therapy on miscellaneous psychologists, 1 face 2. Supportive 2. n/a clinical social stress worker) management Fridlund 1991 (14) Caring Usual care General Relaxation 24 2.00 Physiotherapist, Combined rehabilitation discussion, physician, individual programme exercise rehabilitation nurse and group face to face Frizelle 2004 (15) Cognitive Waiting list control General Relaxation 6 2.00 Physiotherapists, Group behavioural education, Liaison cardiac face to rehabilitation general nurse, face programme discussion, Electrocardiogram exercise, (ECG) technicians behaviour therapy Furze 2009 (16) HeartOp Usual care (routine General Problem solving, 4 0.15 Nurses Combined programme nurse counselling and education relaxation individual education) face to face and remote Gallagher 2003 Telephone Usual care n/a Miscellaneous 5 0.30 Cardiac nurse Combined (17) counselling (support and individual intervention information tailored face to to individual need) face and remote

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Study Intervention Control group Lifestyle Psychological No. Sessions Length Who delivered the Delivery session intervention? method (hours) Goodman 2008 Nurse-led support Usual care General Miscellaneous 9 n/r Nurses Individual (18) and lifestyle education, (counselling, face to management general motivational face discussion interviewing) Hofman-Bang Residential Usual care General Relaxation 4 week n/r Residential Combined 1999 (19) rehabilitation education, residential program (not individual general stay then 11 clear), and group discussion, month maintenance face to skills maintenance program (nurse) face training, programme relapse involving prevention, regular exercise, contact with behaviour nurse therapy Holmes-Rovner Outpatient Usual care (GAP Behaviour Social support 6 0.30 Trained health Individual 2008 (20) telephone program until discharge) therapy, educator remote coaching relapse prevention Hughes 2007 (21) Exercise Usual care (with Relapse Problem solving, 4 Consultation Trained researcher Individual consultation and exercise information) prevention social support 0.30, phone face to exercise call 0.10 face and information remote

Johnston 1999 Inpatient cardiac Usual care n/a Miscellaneous Mean (SD) Mean total One of 2 nurse Individual (22) counselling and (counselling and 5.55 (0.82) (SD) 3.69 counsellors face to rehabilitation rehabilitation) hours (0.19) face program

Jones 1996 (23) Psychological Usual care General Relaxation, 7 2.00 Clinical Combined rehabilitation education, miscellaneous psychologists, individual general (stress health visitors and group discussion management, face to counselling) face

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Study Intervention Control group Lifestyle Psychological No. Sessions Length Who delivered the Delivery session intervention? method (hours) Karlsson 2007 Expanded cardiac Usual care (also General Miscellaneous 52 Total contact Physiotherapist, Combined (24) rehabilitation received physical education, (counselling, stress time 76.00 cardiologist, nurse, individual training, skills management) (based on dietician, medical and group information/counselling, training, timings social worker face to heart school, outpatient exercise given) plus 5 face clinic, individual day stay at counselling) patient hotel Koertge 2007 (25) Stress Usual care General Miscellaneous 20 2.00 Nurses Group management education, (stress face to intervention general management) face discussion Leserman 1989 Relaxation Usual care n/a Relaxation 14 n/r Nurse Individual (26) response face to face Lesperance 2007 Interpersonal Clinical management n/a Social support, 12 0.20 Doctoral or Combined (27) psychotherapy miscellaneous masters level individual (and (interpersonal clinicians face to antidepressant psychotherapy) (minimum 4 years face and medication) psychotherapy remote experience) Lewin 1992 (28) Self help Standard care and General Relaxation, 9 0.10 Self help and Combined rehabilitation placebo information and education, miscellaneous researcher as individual programme informal counselling exercise (stress facilitator face to management, self face and help for remote psychological problems) Lewin 2002 (30) Self management Nurse led secondary General Relaxation (tape), Introductory 0.30 Practice nurse (but Combined angina plan prevention educational education, miscellaneous session, 4 not the patients individual session behaviour (angina plan telephone own) face to therapy manual) calls, face and relaxation remote sessions (every day but does not

38 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta- regression

Study Intervention Control group Lifestyle Psychological No. Sessions Length Who delivered the Delivery session intervention? method (hours) specify how long for) plus patient workbook and 'treatments one day a week' Lewin 2002a (31) Advice and Usual care and patients General Relaxation (tape) 2 0.30 Nurses Combined relaxation music own choice music tape education individual tapes (from a predetermined face to selection) face and remote Lewin 2009 (29) ICD Plan (brief Usual care/waiting list General CBT, relaxation 4 0.15 Nurses Combined CBT) control education individual face to face and remote Lie 2007 (32) Critical care, nurse Usual care n/a Miscellaneous 2 1.00 Masters prepared Individual led educational (coping strategies, critical care nurse face to and psychological emotional support) face support intervention - home based intervention programme Linden 1995 (33) Heart manual Usual care (advice and General Miscellaneous 4 n/r Nurses Combined rehabilitation information leaflets) education (heart manual - individual programme advice to exercise, face to informal face and counselling, remote relaxation) McHugh 2001 Nurse led shared Usual care General Miscellaneous 15 n/r Liaison nurse, Individual (34) care intervention education (intervention to general practitioner face to address behavioural team nurse face risk factors specific to patient need and

39 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta- regression

Study Intervention Control group Lifestyle Psychological No. Sessions Length Who delivered the Delivery session intervention? method (hours) willingness to change, otherwise general information/advice) McLaughlin 2005 Telephone Usual care n/a Problem solving, 6 0.30 Psychiatrist, clinical Individual (35) counselling miscellaneous psychologist, remote intervention (counselling) internist Merswolken Group-based Usual care General Stress Management 15 2.00 Two clinical Group 2011(58) Psychotherapy education Relaxation, CBT, psychologists and face-to- Social Support a cardiologist face Michalsen 2005 Lifestyle/stress Written advice only General CBT, relaxation 15 Total contact No details given Group (36) management education, time 100 face to programme skills training hours over 1 face year Mittag 2006 (37) Nurse managed Usual care (given n/a Miscellaneous 12 n/r Nurses Individual telephone written information as (information, remote secondary attention placebo) counselling, stress prevention management) programme Moore 2001 (38) Home recovery Usual care n/a Miscellaneous (tape 3 0.15 Research Individual information to describe the assistant, nurse face to intervention recovery face experiences of CABG patients) Murchie 2004 (39) Nurse led Usual care n/a Miscellaneous 6 n/r Practice nurses, Individual secondary (reviewed health visitors, face to prevention clinics symptoms and district nurses) face treatment, cardiac risk factors, assessed lifestyle factors and if appropriate behavioural change negotiated)

40 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta- regression

Study Intervention Control group Lifestyle Psychological No. Sessions Length Who delivered the Delivery session intervention? method (hours) Mutwali 2012 (59) Home based Usual care General n/a 14 7.00 (total Authors Face to cardiac education, contact time) face and rehabilitation general telephone discussion, skills training, exercise Newton 1991(40) Exercise Usual care General n/a 20 1.00 Physiotherapists, Group rehabilitation education, liaison nurse, face to programme exercise senior house face officer from cardiology department Oldridge 1991 Exercise Usual care Exercise CBT, social support, 24 1.80 CBT (group Group (41) conditioning and relaxation, leaders without face to cognitive miscellaneous formal training in face behavioural group (counselling) counselling), counselling exercise (cardiologist, qualified exercise specialists) Oranta 2010 (60) interpersonal Usual care n/a miscellaneous 6 Not reported Psychiatric Nurse Individual counselling psychotherapy - IPT face to face and over the phone Paul-Labrador Transcendental Active control treatment n/a Miscellaneous Intervention Total contact No details given Combined 2006 (42) meditation (health education) (transcendental lasted 16 time 39.15 individual meditation) weeks and group face to face Poortaghi 2011 Home-based Usual care General n/a 12 Not reported Nurse, nutritionist, Individual (61) cardiac education, psychotherapist, face to rehabilitation skills researcher, face training, community mental

41 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta- regression

Study Intervention Control group Lifestyle Psychological No. Sessions Length Who delivered the Delivery session intervention? method (hours) exercise health nurse

Postlethwaite1986 Stress inoculation Combined control General Relaxation 2 1.30 Therapist Individual (43) (attention/education and education, face to no treatment) skills training face Scholz 2006 (44) Self management Usual care (had n/a Miscellaneous 1 0.15 No details given Combined intervention (based previously taken part in (planning session individual on self-regulatory a 3 week standard and weekly diaries) face to theory) to foster rehab programme) face and maintenance of remote physical activity levels) Schrader 2005 Psychiatry liaison Usual care n/a Miscellaneous 2 0.30 Psychiatrist, Combined (45) with general (patient specific cardiac individual practitioners psychiatric rehabilitation face to telephone advice to nurse, GP face with GPs of depressed individual cardiac patients) and group remote Sebregts 2005 Multiple risk Usual care including and General Relaxation 8 2.50 Psychologist and Group (46) modification exercise training education either social worker face to (stress or pastor face management and health education) Seki 2003 (47) Phase 3 cardiac Usual care General n/a 26 1.00 Physicians, Combined rehabilitation education, dieticians, nurses, individual programme exercise exercise and group physiologists face to face Shuldham 2002 Pre-admission Usual care General n/a 1 4.00 Nurses, Group (48) patient education education, physiotherapists, face to general doctor, face discussion occupational therapist,

42 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta- regression

Study Intervention Control group Lifestyle Psychological No. Sessions Length Who delivered the Delivery session intervention? method (hours) pharmacist, dietician Sneed 1997 (49) Psychosocial Usual care (with option General Miscellaneous 16 n/r Psychiatric liaison Combined nursing to start intervention after discussion (counselling, nurse individual intervention final assessment) relaxation, and group telephone support) face to face with individual remote Sorlie 2007 (50) Video information Usual care including General Miscellaneous 4 1.00 Specially trained Combined combined with standardised information education (information, advice) nurses individual individualised face to information face and sessions remote Southard 2003 Internet based Usual care General n/a 58 0.30 Nurse led Combined (51) case management education, individual system general and group discussion remote Stern 1983 (52) Group counselling Usual care General Relaxation 12 1.00 Psychiatrist, social Group education, worker, nurse face to general clinician face discussion Thompson 1990 In hospital Usual care General Miscellaneous 4 0.30 Nurses Individual (53) counselling education (counselling) face to face Trzcieniecka- Group based Waiting list control n/a Social support, 10 n/r Clinical research Combined Green 1996 (54) relaxation and relaxation, psychologist group face stress miscellaneous to face management (stress and training management) individual remote Unden 1993 (55) Increased nurse Usual care n/a Miscellaneous 2 0.30 Nurses Individual support (nurse support, face to discussion of face

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Study Intervention Control group Lifestyle Psychological No. Sessions Length Who delivered the Delivery session intervention? method (hours) lifestyle factors, advice, social support) Utriyaprasit 2010 Tai Cardiac Home Usual care plus visit Education Relaxation, Not recorded 0.5 - length Audiotape Individual (62) Information from researcher & 2 Biofeedback of audiotape face to Programme (CHIP) telephone calls face & experience individual remote Vale 2003 (56) COACH program Usual care General Miscellaneous 5 0.20 2 dieticians, 4 Individual education, (telephone coaching nurses remote behaviour sessions) therapy

Abbreviations for Table 2 – Characteristics of the interventions

n/r – not reported n/a – not applicable

CBT – Cognitive behavioural therapy MI – Myocardial infarction GP – General practitioner

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eTable 8: Quality of the studies

Allocation Blinding of Follow up duration Sequence generation Intention to Study concealment outcome (closest to 6 months) adequate? treat analysis? adequate? assessment Yes Appels 2005/Appels Yes (central 18 months Yes Yes 2006 (1) randomisation)

Ashton Yes 5 days Yes No No 1997/Ashton1995 (2) Unclear Barr Taylor 1986 (3) 26 weeks No No No

Yes Barth 2005 6 weeks Yes No Yes

Berkman, ENRICHD Yes Yes (central writing committee 6 months Yes Yes randomisation) 2003 (4)

Partly (used envelopes Yes Blumenthal 2005 (5) 16 weeks Yes described as sealed or Yes numbered or opaque) Unclear Brown 1993 (6) 3 months No No No Yes (central Unclear Burgess 1987 (7) 3 months No No randomisation) Partly (used envelopes No 12 months No described as sealed or No Claesson 2005 (8) numbered or opaque) Unclear de Klerk 2004 (9) 1.5 months No No No

45 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta- regression

Allocation Blinding of Follow up duration Sequence generation Intention to Study concealment outcome (closest to 6 months) adequate? treat analysis? adequate? assessment No Dugmore 1999 (10) 8 months No No No

Unclear Engblom 1997 (11) 8 months No No No

Partly (used envelopes Yes Frasure-Smith 1997 12 months No described as sealed or Yes (12) numbered or opaque) 6 months Partly (used envelopes Yes Yes described as sealed or Yes Freedland 2009 (13) numbered or opaque) Unclear Fridlund 1991 (14) 6 months No No No 3 months Unclear No No No Frizelle 2004 (15) 2 months Yes (central Yes Yes Yes Furze 2009 (16) randomisation) Yes Gallagher 2003 (17) 3 months No No No Unclear Yes (central Goodman 2008 (18) 3 months Yes Yes randomisation)

Hofman-Bang 1999 No 12 months No No No (19) 8 months Yes Holmes-Rovner 2008 No No No (20) 6 months Yes (sealed, numbered Unclear Yes No Hughes 2007 (21) and opaque envelopes) 6 months Yes No No No Johnston 1999 (22)

46 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta- regression

Allocation Blinding of Follow up duration Sequence generation Intention to Study concealment outcome (closest to 6 months) adequate? treat analysis? adequate? assessment Yes Jones 1996 (23) 6 months No No Yes No Partly (used envelopes Karlsson 2007 (24) 12 months No described as sealed or No numbered or opaque)

Partly (used envelopes No Koertge 2007 (25) 12 months Yes described as sealed or Yes numbered or opaque) No Leserman 1989 (26) Days after surgery No No No Yes Yes (used envelopes Lesperance 2007 3 months Yes described as sealed, Yes (27) numbered and opaque)

No Lewin 1992 (28) 6 months No No No

6 months No Yes No Yes Lewin 2009 (29) unclear Yes (central Lewin 2002 (30) 6 months Yes Yes randomisation) Yes Lewin 2002 (31) 6 months No No No

47 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta- regression

Allocation Blinding of Follow up duration Sequence generation Intention to Study concealment outcome (closest to 6 months) adequate? treat analysis? adequate? assessment Partly (used envelopes No Lie 2007 (32) 6 months Yes described as sealed or No numbered or opaque) No Linden 1995 (33) 1.5 months No No No

No McHugh 2001 (34) 8 months No No No McLaughlin 2005 (35) 6 months Yes No Yes Yes Merswolken 2011 unclear 6 months Yes No Yes (58) unclear Yes (central Michalsen 2005 (36) 12 months Yes No randomisation) No Yes (central Mittag 2006 (37) 12 months Yes No randomisation) Partly (used envelopes No Moore 2001 (38) 1 month Yes described as sealed or No numbered or opaque) No Murchie 2004 (39) 12 months Yes No Yes

Unclear Mutwalli 2012 (59) 6 months No No No

No Newton 1991(40) 10 weeks No No No No Oldridge 1991 (41) 8 months No No No No Oranta 2010 (60) 18 months No No Yes

48 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta- regression

Allocation Blinding of Follow up duration Sequence generation Intention to Study concealment outcome (closest to 6 months) adequate? treat analysis? adequate? assessment Paul-Labrador 2006 Yes 4 months Yes No No (42) No Poortaghi 2011 (61) 2 months No No No 0.5 months No Postlethwaite1986 No No No (43) No Scholz 2006 (44) 12 months No No No

No Yes (central Schrader 2005 (45) 12 months No Yes randomisation) Yes Partly (used envelopes Sebregts 2005 (46) 9 months No described as sealed or Yes numbered or opaque) Unclear Seki 2003 (47) 6 months No No No

Yes Shuldham 2002 (48) 6 months Yes No Yes

Partly (used envelopes No Sneed 1997 (49) 4 months No described as sealed or No numbered or opaque) No Yes (used envelopes Sorlie 2007 (50) 6 months No described as sealed, Yes numbered and opaque) No Southard 2003 (51) 6 months Yes No No

49 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta- regression

No Trzcieniecka-Green 2.5 months No No No 1996 (54) Partly (used envelopes Unclear Unden 1993 (55) 2 months No described as sealed or No numbered or opaque) unclear Utriyaprasit 2010 (62) 1 month Yes No No unclear Yes (central Vale 2003 (56) 6 months Yes Yes randomisation)

50 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta-regression

eFigure 2 Funnel plot including imputed values from Duval and Tweedie’s Trim and Fill procedure.

Funnel Plot of Standard Error by Std diff in means

0.0

0.1

0.2 r o r r E

d r a

d 0.3 n a t S

0.4

0.5

-2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

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51 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta-regression

eTable 9 Effects of individual treatment components from studies recruiting depressed subjects Treatment n SMD P General education 2 0.52 0.004 General discussion 1 0.52 0.06 Skills training 0 Exercise 2 0.25 0.26 Behaviour therapy 2 0.44 0.04 Relapse prevention 1 0.30 0.27 Problem solving 1 0.24 0.29 CBT 5 0.29 <0.001 Increase social support 3 0.10 0.48 Relaxation 5 0.30 0.03 Biofeedback 0

52 Supplemental Digital Content 1 for Psychosomatic Medicine Dickens et al., Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease – A systematic review and meta-regression

References to studies included in meta analysis 1. Appels A, B„r F, van der PG, et al. Effects of treating exhaustion in angioplasty patients on new coronary events: results of the randomized Exhaustion Intervention Trial (EXIT). Psychosomatic Medicine. 2005;67(2):217-223. 2. Ashton RC, Whitworth GC, Seldomridge JA, et al. The effects of self-hypnosis on quality of life following coronary artery bypass surgery: preliminary results of a prospective, randomized trial. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 1995;1(3):285-290. 3. Barr Taylor CB, Houston-Miller N, Ahn DK, Haskell W, DeBusk RF. The effects of exercise training programs on psychosocial improvement in uncomplicated postmyocardial infarction patients. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1986;30(5):581-587. 4. Berkman LF, Blumenthal J, Burg M, et al. Effects of treating depression and low perceived social support on clinical events after myocardial infarction: the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) Randomized Trial. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 2003;289(23):3106-3116. 5. Blumenthal JA, Sherwood A, Babyak MA, et al. Effects of exercise and stress management training on markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with ischemic heart disease: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 2005;293(13):1626-1634. 6. Brown MA, Munford AM, Munford PR. Behavior therapy of psychological distress in patients after myocardial infarction or coronary bypass. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation. 1993;13(3):201-210. 7. Burgess AW, Lerner DJ, D'Agostino RB, Vokonas PS, Hartman CR, Gaccione P. A randomized control trial of cardiac rehabilitation. Social Science & Medicine. 1987;24(4):359-370. 8. Claesson M, Birgander LS, Lindahl B, et al. Women's hearts-stress management for women with ischemic heart disease: explanatory analyses of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation. 2005;25(2):93-102. 9. de Klerk JE, du Plessis WF, Steyn HS, Botha M. Hypnotherapeutic ego strengthening with male South African coronary artery bypass patients. The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. 2004;47(2):79-92. 10. Dugmore LD, Tipson RJ, Phillips MH, et al. Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, psychological wellbeing, quality of life, and vocational status following a 12 month cardiac exercise rehabilitation programme. Heart. 1999;81(4):359-366. 11. Engblom E, Korpilahti K, H„m„l„inen H, R”nnemaa T, Puukka P. Quality of life and return to work 5 years after coronary artery bypass surgery. Long-term results of cardiac rehabilitation. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation. 1997;17(1):29-36. 12. Frasure-Smith N, Lesperance F, Prince RH, et al. Randomised trial of home-based psychosocial nursing intervention for patients recovering from myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1997;350(9076):473-479. 13. Freedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-396. 14. Fridlund B, H”gstedt B, Lidell E, Larsson PA. Recovery after myocardial infarction. Effects of a caring rehabilitation programme. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. 1991;5(1):23-32. 15. Frizelle DJ, Lewin RJ, Kaye G, et al. Cognitive-behavioural rehabilitation programme for patients with an implanted cardioverter defibrillator: a pilot study. British Journal of Health Psychology. 2004;9(3):381-392. 16. Furze G, Dumville JC, Miles JNV, Irvine K, Thompson DR, Lewin RJP. "Prehabilitation" prior to CABG surgery improves physical functioning and depression. International Journal of Cardiology. 2009;132:51-58.

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17. Gallagher R, McKinley S, Dracup K. Effects of a telephone counseling intervention on psychosocial adjustment in women following a cardiac event. Heart & Lung 2003;32(2):79- 87. 18. Goodman H, Parsons A, Davison J, et al. A randomised controlled trial to evaluate a nurse- led programme of support and lifestyle management for patients awaiting cardiac surgery 'Fit for surgery: Fit for life' study. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2008;7(3):189-195. 19. Hofman-Bang C, Lisspers J, Nordlander R, et al. Two-year results of a controlled study of residential rehabilitation for patients treated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. A randomized study of a multifactorial programme. European Heart Journal. 1999;20(20):1465-1474. 20. Holmes-Rovner M, Stommel M, Corser WD, et al. Does outpatient telephone coaching add to hospital quality improvement following hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome? Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2008;23(9):1464-1470. 21. Hughes AR, Mutrie N, Macintyre PD. Effect of an exercise consultation on maintenance of physical activity after completion of phase III exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation 2007;14(1):114-121. 22. Johnston M, Foulkes J, Johnston DW, Pollard B, Gudmundsdottir H. Impact on patients and partners of inpatient and extended cardiac counseling and rehabilitation: a controlled trial. Psychosomatic Medicine. 1999;61(2):225-233. 23. Jones DA, West RR. Psychological rehabilitation after myocardial infarction: multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 1996;313(7071):1517-1521. 24. Karlsson MR, Edstr”m-Ploss C, Held C, Henriksson P, Billing E, Wall‚n NH. Effects of expanded cardiac rehabilitation on psychosocial status in coronary artery disease with focus on type D characteristics. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 2007;30(3):253-261. 25. Koertge J, Janszky I, Sundin O, et al. Effects of a stress management program on vital exhaustion and depression in women with coronary heart disease: a randomized controlled intervention study. Journal of Internal Medicine. 2008;263(3):281-293. 26. Leserman J, Stuart EM, Mamish ME, Benson H. The efficacy of the relaxation response in preparing for cardiac surgery. Behavioral Medicine. 1989;15(3):111-117. 27. Lesperance F, Frasure-Smith N, Koszycki D, et al. Effects of citalopram and interpersonal psychotherapy on depression in patients with coronary artery disease: the Canadian Cardiac Randomized Evaluation of Antidepressant and Psychotherapy Efficacy (CREATE) trial. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 2007;297(4):367-379. 28. Lewin B, Robertson IH, Cay EL, Irving JB, Campbell M. Effects of self-help postmyocardial-infarction rehabilitation on psychological adjustment and use of health services. Lancet. 1992;339(8800):1036-1040. 29. Lewin RJ, Coulton S, Frizelle DJ, Kaye G, Cox H. A brief cognitive behavioural preimplantation and rehabilitation programme for patients receiving an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator improves physical health and reduces psychological morbidity and unplanned readmissions. Heart. 2009;95:63-69. 30. Lewin RJ, Furze G, Robinson J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of a self-management plan for patients with newly diagnosed angina. The British Journal of General Practice 2002;52(476):194-201. 31. Lewin RJ, Thompson DR, Elton RA. Trial of the effects of an advice and relaxation tape given within the first 24 h of admission to hospital with acute myocardial infarction. International Journal of Cardiology. 2002;82(2):107-114. 32. Lie I, Arnesen H, Sandvik L, Hamilton G, Bunch EH. Effects of a home-based intervention program on anxiety and depression 6 months after coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2007;62(4):411-418. 33. Linden B. Evaluation of a home-based rehabilitation programme for patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction. Intensive & Critical Care Nursing 1995;11(1):10-19.

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34. McHugh F, Lindsay GM, Hanlon P, et al. Nurse led shared care for patients on the waiting list for coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Heart 2001;86(3):317- 323. 35. McLaughlin TJ, Aupont O, Bambauer KZ, et al. Improving psychologic adjustment to chronic illness in cardiac patients. The role of depression and anxiety. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2005;20(12):1084-1090. 36. Michalsen A, Grossman P, Lehmann N, et al. Psychological and quality-of-life outcomes from a comprehensive stress reduction and lifestyle program in patients with coronary artery disease: results of a randomized trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2005;74(6):344-352. 37. Mittag O, China C, Hoberg E, et al. Outcomes of cardiac rehabilitation with versus without a follow-up intervention rendered by telephone (Luebeck follow-up trial): overall and gender- specific effects. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 2006;29(4):295-302. 38. Moore SM, Dolansky MA. Randomized trial of a home recovery intervention following coronary artery bypass surgery. Research in Nursing & Health. 2001;24(2):93-104. 39. Murchie P, Campbell NC, Ritchie LD, Deans HG, Thain J. Effects of secondary prevention clinics on health status in patients with coronary heart disease: 4 year follow-up of a randomized trial in primary care. Family Practice. 2004;21(5):567-574. 40. Newton M, Mutrie N, McArthur JD. The effects of exercise in a coronary rehabilitation programme. Scottish Medical Journal. 1991;36(2):38-41. 41. Oldridge N, Guyatt G, Jones N, et al. Effects on quality of life with comprehensive rehabilitation after acute myocardial infarction. The American Journal of Cardiology. 1991;67(13):1084-1089. 42. Paul-Labrador M, Polk D, Dwyer JH, et al. Effects of a randomized controlled trial of transcendental meditation on components of the metabolic syndrome in subjects with coronary heart disease. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2006;166(11):1218-1224. 43. Postlethwaite R, Stirling G, Peck CL. Stress inoculation for acute pain: a clinical trial. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 1986;9(2):219-227. 44. Scholz U, Knoll N, Sniehotta FF, Schwarzer R. Physical activity and depressive symptoms in cardiac rehabilitation: long-term effects of a self-management intervention. Social Science & Medicine 2006;62(12):3109-3120. 45. Schrader G, Cheok F, Hordacre AL, Marker J, Wade V. Effect of psychiatry liaison with general practitioners on depression severity in recently hospitalised cardiac patients: a randomised controlled trial. The Medical Journal of Australia. 2005;182(6):272-276. 46. Sebregts EH, Falger PR, Appels A, Kester AD, B„r FW. Psychological effects of a short behavior modification program in patients with acute myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass grafting. A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2005;58(5):417-424. 47. Seki E, Watanabe Y, Sunayama S, et al. Effects of phase III cardiac rehabilitation programs on health-related quality of life in elderly patients with coronary artery disease: Juntendo Cardiac Rehabilitation Program (J-CARP). Circulation Journal 2003;67(1):73-77. 48. Shuldham CM, Fleming S, Goodman H. The impact of pre-operative education on recovery following coronary artery bypass surgery. A randomized controlled clinical trial. European Heart Journal. 2002;23(8):666-674. 49. Sneed NV, Finch NJ, Michel Y. The effect of psychosocial nursing intervention on the mood state of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators and their caregivers. Progress In Cardiovascular Nursing. 1997;12(2):4-14. 50. Sorlie T, Busund R, Sexton J, Sexton H, Sorlie D. Video information combined with individualized information sessions: Effects upon emotional well-being following coronary artery bypass surgery-A randomized trial. Patient Education & Counseling. 2007;65(2):180- 188.

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51. Southard BH, Southard DR, Nuckolls J. Clinical trial of an Internet-based case management system for secondary prevention of heart disease. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation. 2003;23(5):341-348. 52. Stern MJ, Gorman PA, Kaslow L. The group counseling v exercise therapy study. A controlled intervention with subjects following myocardial infarction. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1983;143(9):1719-1725. 53. Thompson DR, Meddis R. A prospective evaluation of in hospital counselling for first time myocardial infarction men. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1990;34(3):237-248. 54. Trzcieniecka-Green A, Steptoe A. The effects of stress management on the quality of life of patients following acute myocardial infarction or coronary bypass surgery. European Heart Journal. 1996;17(11):1663-1670. 55. Unden AL, Schenck-Gustafsson K, Axelsson PO, Karlsson I, Orth-Gom‚r K, Ydrefors AM. Positive effects of increased nurse support for male patients after acute myocardial infarction. Quality of Life Research 1993;2(2):121-127. 56. Vale MJ, Jelinek MV, Best JD, et al. Coaching patients On Achieving Cardiovascular Health (COACH): a multicenter randomized trial in patients with coronary heart disease. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2003;163(22):2775-2783. 57. Barth J. Depression as a Risk Factor for Mortality in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-analysis. 2004. 58. Merswolken M. Treating anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease: a randomized controlled trial. 2011. 59. Mutwalli HA. Randomized controlled evaluation shows the effectiveness of a home-based cardiac rehabilitation program. 2012. 60. Oranta O. The outcomes of interpersonal counselling on depressive symptoms and distress after myocardial infarction. 2010. 61. Poortaghi S. General health improves with home-based cardiac rehabilitation program. 2011. 62. Utriyaprasit K. Recovery after coronary artery bypass surgery: effect of an audiotape information programme. 2010.