Keywords : Diffraction; Oscillating Half Plane; Wiener-Hopf Technique

KAU Publications in ISI Journals

1 KAU Publications in ISI Journals

Authors Ahmad, Bashir E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Acoustic diffraction from an oscillating half plane Source APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION Volume: 188 Issue: 2 Pages: 2029-2033 Impact Factor 0.961 ISSN 0096-3003 Publication year 2007 1

Abstract

The diffraction of a plane acoustic wave from an oscillating rigid half plane is studied. The method of solution consists of temporal and spatial integral transforms, the Wiener-Hopf technique and asymptotic approximation methods. The effect of the frequency of the incident wave and the fundamental frequency of the oscillating half plane has been shown explicitly on the diffracted field.

Keywords : Diffraction; Oscillating Half Plane; Wiener-Hopf Technique

Authors Ahmad, Bashir E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Diffraction of a spherical acoustic wave due to the coupling of pressure release and absorbing half planes in a moving fluid Source APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION Volume: 188 Issue: 2 Pages: 1897-1907 Impact Factor 0.961 ISSN 0096-3003 Publication year 2007 2

Abstract

We investigate the diffraction of a spherical acoustic wave (emanating due to a point source) from the coupling of a pressure release half plane characterized by zero impedance (soft half plane) and an absorbing (locally reacting) half plane satisfying Myers' impedance condition in a moving fluid. Myers' condition (a generalization of Ingard's impedance condition) is now the accepted form of the boundary condition for impedance barriers with flow and yields a correct form of the diffracted field. The method of solution is based on the Wiener-Hopf technique and asymptotic approximation methods.

Keywords : Diffraction; Coupling Of Half Planes; Wiener-Hopf Technique

Authors Ahmad, Bashir E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Integro-differential equations with initial time difference Source DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS Volume: 16, Issue:3 Pages: 497-506 Impact Factor 0.513 ISSN 1056-2176 Publication year 2007 3

Abstract We apply Lakshmikantham's generalized quasilinearization method to an initial value problem involving a nonlinear integro-differential equation with initial time difference and obtain monotone sequences of lower and upper solutions converging uniformly and quadratically to the unique solution of the problem.

Keywords : Quasi-Linearization Method; Boundary-Value-Problems; Inequalities; Convergence; Disease

Authors Ahmad, Bashir; Alsaedi, Ahmed E-Mail [email protected], [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title An extended method of quasilinearization for nonliner impulsive differential equations with a nonlinear three-point boundary condition Source ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF QUALITATIVE THEORY OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Issue: 1 Pages: 1-19 Impact Factor 0 ISSN 1417-3875 Publication year 2007 4

Abstract In this paper, we discuss an extended form of generalized quasilinearization technique for first order nonlinear impulsive differential equations with a nonlinear three-point boundary condition. In fact, we obtain monotone sequences of upper and lower solutions converging uniformly and quadratically to the unique solution of the problem.

Keywords : Impulsive Differential Equations; Three-Point Boundary Conditions; Quasilinearization; Quadratic Convergence

Authors Ahmad, Bashir; Nieto, Juan J. E-Mail [email protected], [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title The monotone iterative technique for three-point second-order integrodifferential boundary value problems with p-laplacian Source BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS Article Number: 57481 Impact Factor 0.615 ISSN 1687-2762 Publication year 2007 5

Abstract A monotone iterative technique is applied to prove the existence of the extremal pseudosymmetric solutions for a three-point second-order p-Laplacian integrodifferential boundary value problem.

Keywords : Functional-Differential Equations; 3 Positive Solutions; Existence; 1st-Order

Authors Ahmad, Baseur; Sivasundaram, S. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Setvalued perturbed hybrid integro-differential equations and stability in terms of two measures Source DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS, Volume: 16, Issue: 2 Pages: 299-310 Impact Factor 0.513 ISSN 1056-2176 Publication year 2007 6

Abstract

We study some stability criteria in terms of two measures for setvalued perturbed hybrid integro-differential equations with fixed moments of impulse. Stability properties of perturbed system are obtained via a comparison result which connects the solutions of perturbed system and the unperturbed one through the solutions of a comparison system.

Keywords : Perturbed Hybrid Setvalued Integro-Differential Equations; Stability In Terms of Two Measures; Variation Of Lyapunov Second Method

Authors Ahmad, Bashir; Sivasundaram, S. E-Mail [email protected], [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Some stability results for set integro-differential equations Source MATHEMATICAL INEQUALITIES & APPLICATIONS, Volume:10 Issue: 3, Pages: 597-605 Impact Factor 0.500 ISSN 1331-4343 Publication year 2007 7

Abstract

We study the stability criteria for set integro-differential equations in terms of Lyapunov-like functions. Sufficient conditions for the stability of the null solution of set integro-differential equations are presented.

Keywords : Set Integro-Differential Equations; Stability

Authors Al-roqi, Abdullah; Flavell, Paul E-Mail [email protected], [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title On the Fitting height of a soluble group that is generated by a conjugacy class of 3-elements Source BULLETIN OF THE LONDON MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Volume: 39 Pages: 973-981 Part: 6 Impact Factor 0.668 ISSN 0024-6093 Publication year 2007 8 Abstract Let G be a finite soluble group that is generated by a conjugacy class consisting of elements of order 3. We show that there exist four conjugates of an element of order 3 that generate a subgroup with the same Fitting height as G. We use this result to find a soluble analogue of the Baer-Suzuki theorem in the case prime 3.

Keywords : Fitting, Soluble Group, Conjugacy

Authors Al-Thagafi, M. A.; Shahzad, Naseer E-Mail [email protected], [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Coincidence points, generalized I-nonexpansive multimaps, and applications Source NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-THEORY METHODS & APPLICATIONS Volume: 67 Issue: 7 Pages: 2180-2188 Impact Factor 1.295 ISSN 0362-546X Publication year 2007 9

Abstract

We establish coincidence point results for multimaps satisfying generalized I-nonexpansive type conditions. Several invariant approximation results are obtained as applications. A random coincidence point result is also proved and, as applications, random invariant approximation results are obtained. Our results unify, extend and complement several well-known results.

Keywords : Coincidence Point; Invariant Approximation; I-Nonexpansive Map; Random Coincidence Point; Random Invariant Approximation; Random Operator; Normed Space

Authors Jungck, G.; Hussain, N. E-Mail [email protected], [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Compatible maps and invariant approximations Source JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS Volume: 325 Issue: 2 Pages: 1003-1012 Impact Factor 1.046 ISSN 0022-247X Publication year 2007 10

Abstract

The existence of invariant best approximations for compatible maps is proved. Our results unify, and generalize various known results to a more general class of noncommuting mappings.

Keywords : Common Fixed Point; Condition (C); Diminishing Orbital Diameters; Compatible Maps; C-Q-Commuting Maps; Invariant Approximation

Authors Hussain, N.; Rhoades, B. E.; Jungck, G. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Common fixed point and invariant approximation results for gregus type I-contractions Source NUMERICAL FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION Volume: 28 Issue: 9-10 Pages: 1139-1151 Impact Factor 0.586 ISSN 0163-0563 Publication year 2007 11

Abstract A fixed point theorem of Ciric, Diviccaro et al., Fisher and Sessa, Gregus, Jungck, and Mukherjee and Verma is generalized to weakly compatible maps. As applications, common fixed point and approximation results for Gregus type I-contractions are obtained. Our results unify and generalize various known results to the more general classes of noncommuting mappings.

Keywords : C-Q-Commuting Maps; Common Fixed Points; Condition (C); Diminishing- Orbital Diameters; Weakly Compatible Maps

Authors Khan, A. R.; Domilo, A. A.; Hussain, N. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Coincidences of Lipschitz-type hybrid maps and invariant approximation Source NUMERICAL FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION Volume: 28 Issue: 9-10 Pages: 1165-1177 Impact Factor 0.586 ISSN 0163-0563 Publication year 2007 12

Abstract The aim of this paper is to obtain new coincidence and common fixed point theorems by using Lipschitz-type conditions of hybrid maps (not necessarily continuous) on a metric space. As applications, we demonstrate the existence of common fixed points from the set of best approximations. Our work sets analogues, unifies and improves various known results existing in the literature.

Keywords : Best Approximation; Coincidence Point; Common Fixed Point; Eigenvalue; Lipschitz Condition; Metric Space; Weak Commutativity; Weakly Compatible Maps

Authors Khir, Tahar; Jassim, Rahim K.; Zaki, Galal M. E-Mail [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Application of exergoeconomic techniques to the optimization of a refrigeration evaporator coil with continuous fins Source JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY- TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME Volume: 129 Issue: 3, Pages: 266-277 Impact Factor 0.543 ISSN 0195-0738 Publication year 2007 13

Abstract

An optimization for the geometrical parameters of continuous fins on an array of tubes of a refrigeration evaporator is developed in this paper using the exergy method. The method is based on exergy, economic analysis, and optimization theory. As there are humid air and refrigerant single- and two-phase streams involved in the heat transfer process, then there are irreversibilities or exergy destruction, due to pressure losses PIP, due to temperature difference I-Delta T and due to specific humidity gradient I-Delta T. These principal components of total irreversibility are not independent, and their relative contribution to total irreversibility of a cross-flow refrigeration evaporator is investigated. A change in geometry was obtained by varying the evaporator tube diameter for a selected evaporator capacity, and hence the evaporator tube length and total heat transfer area are calculated for a fixed evaporator face length. In this way, the effect of changes in the geometry on the total number of exergy destruction units of the heat exchange process is investigated. The optimum balance between the three components of irreversibility (I-Delta P, I-Delta T, and I-Delta w) is also determined, thereby giving the optimum solution for the heat exchanger area. The total cost function, which provides a measure of the contribution of the evaporator to the total cost of the refrigeration system, is expressed on the basis of annual capital and electrical energy costs. The total cost function is minimized with respect to the total heat transfer area anti the total number of exergy

15 KAU Publications in ISI Journals destruction units (NI). The relationship between the operational variables, heat transfer area, refrigerant and air irreversibilities, and the total annual cost for this type of evaporator are developed, presented, and discussed. The pressure, temperature, and specific humidity irreversibilities are found to be 30.34%, 33.78%, and 35.88%, respectively, of the total irreversibility, which is 8.5% of the evaporator capacity.

Keywords : Exergy Analysis; Exergy Destruction Units; Thermoeconomic Optimization; refrigeration evaporato Authors Mursaleen; Mohiuddine, S. A. E-Mail [email protected], [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Double sigma-multiplicative matrices Source JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS Volume: 327 Issue: 2 Pages: 991-996 Impact Factor 1.046 ISSN 0022-247X Publication year 2007 14

Abstract

The class of sigma-regular matrices was defined and characterized by Schaefer [P. Schaefer, Infinite matrices and invariant means, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 36 (1972) 104-110] and further studied by Mursaleen [Mursaleen, On some new invariant matrix methods of summability, Quart. J. Math. Oxford 34 (1983) 77-86], Ahmad and Mursaleen [Z.U. Ahmad, Mursaleen, An application of Banach limits, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 103 (1988) 244-246]. In this paper we characterize four-dimensional sigma-multiplicative matrices, and establish a core theorem.

Keywords : Double Sequences; P-Convergence; Sigma-Regular Matrices

Authors Monaquel, Shatha Jameel; Schmidt, Karl Michael E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title On M-functions and operator theory for non-self-adjoint discrete Hamiltonian systems Source JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS Volume: 208 Issue: 1 Pages: 82-101 Impact Factor 1.048 ISSN 0377-0427 Publication year 2007 15

Abstract We study discrete, generally non-self-adjoint Hamiltonian systems, defining Weyl-Sims sets, which replace the classical Weyl circles, and a matrix-valued M-function on suitable cone- shaped domains in the complex plane. Furthermore, we characterise realisations of the corresponding differential operator and its adjoint, and construct their resolvents.

Keywords : Non-Self-Adjoint Operators; Difference Operators; Discrete Hamiltonian Systems; Weyl-Titchmarsh M-Function

Authors O'Regan, D.; Hussain, N. E-Mail [email protected], [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Generalized I-contractions and pointwise R-subweakly commuting maps Source ACTA MATHEMATICA SINICA-ENGLISH SERIES Volume: 23 Issue: 8 Pages: 1505-1508 Impact Factor 0.543 ISSN 1439-8516 Publication year 2007 16

Abstract

The existence of common fixed points and invariant approximations for pointwise R-subweakly commuting and compatible maps is established. Our results unify and generalize various known results to a more general class of noncommuting mappings.

Keywords : Common Fixed Point; Pointwise R-Subweakly Commuting Maps; Tangential Maps; Diminishing Orbital Diameters; Invariant Approximation

Authors O'Regan, Donal; Shahzad, Naseer E-Mail [email protected], [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Coincidence points and invariant approximation results for multimaps Source ACTA MATHEMATICA SINICA-ENGLISH SERIES Volume: 23 Issue: 9 Pages: 1601-1610 Impact Factor 1.295 ISSN 1439-8516 Publication year 2007 17

Abstract

Some coincidence point theorems satisfying a general contractive condition are proved. As applications, some invariant approximation results are also obtained and several related results in the literature are either extended or improved.

Keywords : Coincidence Point; Weak Commutativity; Best Approximant

Authors Seddik, Ameur E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Rank one operators and norm of elementary operators Source LINEAR ALGEBRA AND ITS APPLICATIONS Volume: 424 Issue: 1 Pages: 177-183 Impact Factor 0.878 ISSN 0024-3795 Publication year 2007 18

Abstract

Let A be a standard operator algebra acting on a (real or complex) normed space E. For two n- tuples A = (A(1),..., A(n)) and B = (B-1,...,B-n) of elements in A, we define the elementary operator R-A,R-B on A by the relation R-A,R-B(X) = Sigma(n)(i=1) A(i) X B-i for all X in A. For a single operator A is an element of A, we define the two particular elementary operators L- A and R-A on A by L-A(X) = AX and R-A(X) = XA, for every X in A. We denote by d(R-A,R- B) the supremum of the norm of R-A,R-B(X) over all unit rank one operators on E. In this note, we shall characterize: (i) the supremun d(R-A,R-B), (ii) the relation d(R-A,R-B) = Sigma(i=1) parallel to A(i)parallel to parallel to B-i parallel to, (iii) the relation d(L-A - R-) = parallel to A parallel to + parallel to B parallel to, (iv) the relation d(LARB + LBRA) = 2 parallel to A parallel to parallel to B parallel to. Moreover, we shall show the lower estimate d(L-A - R-B) >= max{sup(lambda is an element of V(B)) parallel to A - lambda I parallel to, sup(lambda is an element of(A)) parallel to B - lambda I parallel to} (where V(X) is the algebraic numerical range of X in A).

Keywords : C-Star-Algebra; 2 Derivations; Product

Authors Shahzad, Naseer; Zegeye, Habtu E-Mail [email protected], [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Strong convergence of an implicit iteration process for a finite family of generalized asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive maps Source APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION Volume: 189 Issue: 2 Pages: 1058-1065 Impact Factor 0.961 ISSN 0096-3003 Publication year 2007 19

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to prove strong convergence of a modified implicit iteration process to a common fixed point for a finite family of generalized asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings. An immediate corollary of our theorems provides an affirmative response to a question raised by Xu and Ori [H.K. Xu, R. Ori, An implicit iterative process for nonexpansive mappings, Numer. Funct. Anal. Optim. 22 (2001) 767-773].

Keywords : Implicit Iteration Process; Strong Convergence; Generalized Asymptotically Quasi- Nonexpansive Map; Common Fixed Point

Authors Zegeye, Habtu; Shahzad, Naseer E-Mail [email protected], [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Convergence theorems for psi-expansive and accretive mappings Source NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-THEORY METHODS & APPLICATIONS Volume: 66 Issue: 1 Pages: 73-82 Impact Factor 1.295 ISSN 0362-546X Publication year 2007 20

Abstract

Let E be a real Banach space, and let A : D(A) subset of E -> E be a Lipschitz, psi-expansive and accretive mapping such that co-(D(A)) subset of boolean AND(lambda > 0) R(I + lambda A). Suppose that there exists x(0) is an element of D(A), where one of the following holds: (i) There exists R > 0 such that psi(R) > 2 parallel to A (x(0))parallel to; or (ii) There exists a bounded neighborhood U of x(0) such that t(x - x(0)) is not an element of Ax for x is an element of partial derivative U boolean AND D(A) and t < 0. An iterative sequence {x(n)} is constructed to converge strongly to a zero of A. Related results deal with the strong convergence of this iteration process to fixed points of psi-expansive and pseudocontractive mappings in real Banach spaces. The convergence results established in this paper are new for this more general class of psi-expansive and accretive or pseudocontractive mappings.

Keywords : Accretive Mapping; Omega-Expansive Mapping; Pseudocontractive Mapping; Banach Space

Authors Zegeye, Habtu; Shahzad, Naseer E-Mail [email protected], [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Viscosity approximation methods for a common fixed point of finite family of nonexpansive mappings Source APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION Volume: 191 Issue: 1 Pages: 155-163 Impact Factor 0.961 ISSN 0096-3003 Publication year 2007 21

Abstract Let K be a nonempty closed and convex subset of a real Banach space E. Let T : K -> E be a nonexpansive weakly inward mapping with F(T) not equal empty set; and f : K -> K be a contraction. Then for t is an element of (0, 1), there exists a sequence {y(t)} subset of K satisfying y(t) = (1 - t)f(y(t)) + tT(y(t)). Furthermore, if E is a strictly convex real reflexive Banach space having a uniformly Gateaux differentiable norm, then {y(t)} converges strongly to a fixed point p of T such that p is the unique solution in F(T) to a certain variational inequality. Moreover, if {T-i; i = 1, 2, ... r} is a family of nonexpansive mappings, then an explicit iteration process which converges strongly to a common fixed point of {T-i, i = 1, 2, ..., r} and to a solution of a certain variational inequality is constructed. Under the above setting, the family T- i, i = 1, 2, ..., r need not satisfy the requirement that (r)boolean AND(i=1) F(T-i) = F(T-r Tr- 1 ,..., T-1) = F(T-1 T-r ,..., T-2) = ,..., = F(Tr-1 Tr-2 ,..., T1Tr). (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc.

Keywords : Nonexpansive Mappings; Strictly Convex Spaces; Weakly Inward Maps

Authors Zegeye, Habtu; Shahzad, Naseer E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Approximation methods for a common fixed point of a finite family of nonexpansive mappings Source NUMERICAL FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION Volume: 28 Issue: 11-12 Pages: 1405-1419 Impact Factor 0.586 ISSN 0163-0563 Publication year 2007 22

Abstract Let K be a nonempty closed and convex subset of a real Banach space E. Let T : K -> E be a continuous pseudocontractive mapping and f : K -> E be a continuous pseudocontractive mapping and f : K -> E a contraction, both satisfying weakly inward condition. Then for t is an element of (0, 1), there exists a sequence {y(t)} subset of K satisfying the following condition: y(t) = (1 - t)f (y(t)) + tT(y(t)). Suppose further that {y(t)} is bounded or F(T) not equal 0 and E is a reflexive Banach space having weakly continuous duality mapping J(phi) for some gaugy phi. Then it is proved that {y(t)} converges strongly to a fixed point of T, which is also a solution of certain variational inequality. Moreover, an explicit iteration process that converges strongly to a common fixed point of a finite family of nonexpansive mappings and hence to a solution of a certain variational inequality is constructed.

Keywords : Nonexpansive Mappings; Pseudocontractive Mappings; Weakly Continuous Duality Maps; Weakly Inward Maps

Authors Zegeye, Habtu; Shahzad, Naseer; Mekonen, Tefera E-Mail [email protected], [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Viscosity approximation methods for pseudocontractive mappings in Banach spaces Source APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION Volume: 185 Issue: 1, Pages: 538-546 Impact Factor 0.961 ISSN 0096-3003 Publication year 2007 23

Abstract

Let K be a closed convex subset of a Banach space E and let T: K -> E be a continuous weakly inward pseudocontractive mapping. Then for t epsilon (0, 1), there exists a sequence {y(t)} subset of K satisfying y(t) = (1 - t)f(y(t)) + tT(y(t)), where f epsilon Pi(K):= {f: K -> K, a contraction with a suitable contractive constant}. Suppose further that F(T) not equal theta and E is reflexive and strictly convex which has uniformly Gateaux differentiable norm, Then it is proved that {y(t)} converges strongly to a fixed point of T which is also a solution of certain variational inequality. Moreover, an explicit iteration process which converges strongly to a fixed point of T and hence to a solution of certain variational inequality is constructed provided that T is Lipschitzian. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Keywords : Nonexpansive Mappings; Pseudocontractive Mappings; Strongly Pseudocontractive Mappings; Uniform Gateaux Differentiable Norms

Authors Zegeye, Habtu; Shahzad, Naseer E-Mail [email protected], [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Strong convergence theorems for a common zero of a finite family of m-accretive mappings Source NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-THEORY METHODS & APPLICATIONS Volume: 66 Issue: 5 Pages: 1161-1169 Impact Factor 1.295 ISSN 0362-546X Publication year 2007 24

Abstract

Suppose K is a closed convex subset of a strictly convex real Banach space E which has a uniformly Gateaux differentiable norm. Suppose that every nonempty closed convex bounded subset of E has the fixed point property for nonexpansive mappings. A strong convergence theorem is proved for a common zero of a family of m-accretive mappings from K to E. As a consequence, an iterative method is constructed to converge to a common fixed point (assuming existence) of a family of pseudocontractive mappings from K to E under certain mild condition.

Keywords : Accretive Mappings; Normalized Duality Maps; Pseudocontractive Maps; Strictly Convex Spaces; Uniformly Gateaux Differentiable Norm; Weakly Compact Sets

Authors Zenkour, Ashraf M. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Three-dimensional elasticity solution for uniformly loaded cross-ply laminates and sandwich plates Source JOURNAL OF SANDWICH STRUCTURES & MATERIALS Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Pages: 213-238 Impact Factor 0.464 ISSN 1099-6362 Publication year 2007 25

Abstract

This article establishes the bending problem of cross-ply laminated plates using the three- dimensional elasticity equations as well as the technique based on the state space concept. It presents a wide variety of results for the symmetric and antisymmetric analyses of rectangular multilayer plates subjected to a sinusoidally/uniformly distributed load (SDL/UDL). In addition, this study provides a strong mathematical tool allowing one to determine, in an exact and unified manner, the state of stress and displacement of cross-ply laminated composites and sandwich plates. The well-known results given in Pagano (1970), Exact Solutions for Rectangular Bidirectional Composites and Sandwich Plates, Journal of Composite Materials, 4(l): 20-24.) and Pagano and Hatfield (1972), Elastic Behaviour of Multilayered Bidirectional Composites, AIAA Journal, 10(12): 931-933.) due to the exact three-dimensional elasticity solution are in fact special cases of the present technique.

Keywords : Bending Response; Uniform Load; Cross-Ply; Sandwich Plate; State Space Concept

Authors Zenkour, A. M. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Mathematics Paper Title Elastic deformation of the rotating functionally graded annular disk with rigid casing Source JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE Volume: 42 , Issue: 23 Pages: 9717-9724 Impact Factor 1.181 ISSN 0022-2461 Publication year 2007 26

Abstract An accurate solution for a rotating functionally graded annular disk is presented. Material properties of the present annular disk are assumed to be graded in the radial direction according to a simple exponential-law distribution. The inner surface of the disk is pure metal whereas the outer surface of the disk is pure ceramic. The boundary condition of rigid casing is considered herein, that is the vanishing of the radial displacement at the outer surface. The boundary condition at the inner surface of the disk is taken to be vanishing either radial displacement or radial stress. Analytical solutions for the elastic deformation of the rotating functionally graded annular disks subjected to these boundary conditions are obtained. Numerical results for radial displacement, circumferential and radial stresses are presented. Comparisons between the different rotating homogeneous and functionally graded annular disks are made at the same angular velocity. The results show that distributions of stresses and displacement through the radial direction of the rotating annular disk vary with different parameters.

Keywords : Variable Thickness; Boundary-Conditions; Plastic Stresses; Solid Disks; Density

Authors Alvi, M. A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Physics Paper Title Study of proton total reaction cross section using a Helm model nuclear form factor Source NUCLEAR PHYSICS A Volume: 789 Pages: 73-81 Impact Factor 1.959 ISSN 0375-9474 Publication year 2007 27

Abstract

An analytic expression for proton-nucleus total reaction cross section has been developed within the framework of Coulomb modified Glauber multiple scattering theory using an approximate form of the Helm model form factor for the distributions of nucleons within nuclei. Without free parameters, the expression reproduces fairly well the proton total reaction cross section data at energies spanning 20-860 MeV Excellent fits to the experimental data have been achieved using basically one free parameter, plus one other independent of beam energy.

Keywords : Coulomb Modified Glauber Model; Proton Total Reaction Cross Section; Helm Model Nuclear Form Factor; Semi-Phenomenological

Authors Gondal, Mohammed A.; Hussain, Talib; Ahmed, Zulfiqar; Bakry, Ahmed H. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Physics Paper Title Detection of contaminants in ore samples using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy Source JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Volume: 42 Issue: 7 Pages: 879-887 Impact Factor 1.002 ISSN 1093-4529 Publication year 2007 28

Abstract

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied for the determination of contaminants present in ore samples. The plasma was generated by focusing a pulsed Nd:YAG laser radiation at 1064 nm wavelength on the ore sample collected from one of the open-pit mines located in Saudi Arabia. The concentrations in this ore sample of different elements of environmental significance like Cu, Cr, Ca, Mg, Zn, Ti, Si, Fe and Al were determined by spectral analysis. Parametric dependence for improvement of LIBS sensitivity was carried out. The LIBS results were compared with the results obtained using other analytical techniques such as the inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Limits of detection (LOD) of our LIBS system were also calculated for the elements under investigation.

Keywords : Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS); Ore Samples Multi-Elemental Analysis; Contaminants Poisoning And Detection; Atomic Emission Plasma Spectroscopy; Environmental Impacts Of Trace Metals; Analysis Of Geological Samples

Authors Gondal, M. A.; Hussain, T.; Yamani, Z. H.; Bakry, A. H. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Physics Paper Title Study of hazardous metals in iron slag waste using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Source JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Volume: 42 Issue: 6 Pages: 767-775 Impact Factor 1.002 ISSN 1093-4529 Publication year 2007 29

Abstract

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied for quantitative elemental analysis of slag samples collected from a local steel plant using an Nd:YAG laser emitting radiation at 1064 nm wavelength. The concentration of different elements of environmental significance such as cadmium, calcium, sulfur, magnesium, chromium, manganese, titanium, barium, phosphorus and silicon were 44, 2193, 1724,78578, 217260, 22220,, 5178, 568, 2805, 77871 were mg Kg(-1), respectively. Optimal experimental conditions for analysis were investigated. The calibration curves were drawn for different elements. The concentrations determined with our Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometers were compared with the results obtained using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy. Our study demonstrates that LIBS could be highly appropriate for rapid online analysis of iron slag waste. The relative accuracy of

31 KAU Publications in ISI Journals our LIBS system for various elements as compared with ICP method is in the range of 0.001 - 0.049 at 2.5% error confidence. Limits of detection (LOD) of our LIBS system were also estimated for the elements noted here. The hazardous effects of some of the trace elements present in iron slag exceeding permissible safe limits are also discussed.

Keywords : Iron Slag; Waste Of Steel Plant; Multi-Elemental Analysis; Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS); Hazardous Waste; Waste Management; Trace Metals

Authors Hutchins, M. G.; Abu-Alkhair, O.; El-Nahass, M. M.; Abdel-Hady, K. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Physics Paper Title Electrical conductivity and dielectric relaxation in non-crystalline films of tungsten trioxide Source JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS, Volume: 353, Issue: 44-46 Pages: 4137-4142 Impact Factor 1.449 ISSN 0022-3093 Publication year 2007 30

Abstract Amorphous tungsten trioxide (a-WO3) thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation technique. The electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of the prepared films have been investigated in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 100 kHz and in the temperature range 293- 393 K. In spite of the absence of the dielectric loss peaks, application of the dielectric modulus formulism gives a simple method for evaluating the activation energy of the dielectric relaxation. The frequency dependence of sigma (omega) follows the Jonscher's universal dynamic law with the relation sigma (omega) = sigma(dc) + A omega(s), where s is the frequency exponent. The conductivity in the direct regime, sigma (dc), is described by the small polaron model. The electrical conductivity and dielectric properties show that Hunt's model is well adapted to a-WO3 films.

Keywords : Conductivity; Dielectric Properties; Relaxation; Electric Modulus

Authors Rafi, M.; Al-Tuwirqi, Reem; Farhan, Hanaa; Khan, I. A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Physics Paper Title A new four-parameter empirical potential energy function for diatomic molecules Source PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS Volume: 68 Issue: 6 Pages: 959-965 Impact Factor 0.274 ISSN 0304-4289 Publication year 2007 31

Abstract A new empirical four-parameter function is proposed for the construction of potential curves of 15 stable states of diatomic molecules. The parameters are evaluated in terms of experimentally known spectroscopic constants. On comparing its performance with other functions, the proposed function is found to be simple and reliable for a wide range of molecules.

Keywords : Empirical Model; Potential Function; Diatomic Molecule

Authors Aazam, Elham S. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Chemistry Paper Title 2,4-diacetylbenzene-1,3-diol Source ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE Volume: 63 Pages: O2751-O2752, Part 5 Impact Factor 0.367 ISSN 1600-5368 Publication year 2007 32

Abstract

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C10H10O4, there are two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. Each molecule is characterized by intramolecular O-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonding. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds and pi-pi interactions.

Keywords : Complexes; Bases

Authors Abdelaal, Magdy Y.; Sobahi, Tariq R. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Chemistry Paper Title Chemical modification of PVC into polymer-supported oxazolinones and triazoles Source JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE,Volume:104 Issue: 4 Pages: 2304-2309 Impact Factor 1.187 ISSN 0021-8995 Publication year 2007 33

Abstract

PVC (P1) was converted into polymer-supported oxazolinone and triazole derivatives after sequential chemical assembly of the reactive groups onto PVC. First, poly(vinyl chloride-co- vinylaminoaniline) (P2) was prepared by the reaction of PVC with p-phenylenediamine. The primary aromatic amino group in P2 was diazotized and reacted with hippuric acid to form the supported oxazolinone derivative (P3) which could be converted into supported triazole derivatives (P4)-(P6) on further interaction with substituted anilines. The involved ring opening and preferred cyclization reactions have been clearly addressed based on spectroscopic and elemental analyses of the products. Also the ability for metal uptake has been roughly tested through the interaction with Cu(II) ions.

Keywords : Functional Polymers; PVC; Oxazolinone; Chemical Modification; Triazole

Authors Al-Newaiser, F. A.; Al-Thabaiti, S. A.; Al-Youbi, A. O.; Obaid, A. Y.; Gabal, M. A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Chemistry Paper Title Thermal decomposition kinetics of strontium oxalate Source CHEMICAL PAPERS Volume: 61 Issue: 5 Pages: 370-375 Impact Factor 0.758 ISSN 0366-6352 Publication year 2007 34

Abstract The thermal decomposition behavior in air of SrC2O4 center dot 1.25H(2)O was studied up to the formation of SrO using DTA-TG-DTG techniques. The decomposition proceeds through four well-defined steps. The first two steps are attributed to the dehydration of the salt, while the third and fourth ones are assigned to the decomposition of the anhydrous strontium oxalate into SrCO3 and the decomposition of SrCO3 to SrO, respectively. The exothermic DTA peak found at around 300 degrees C is ascribed to the recrystallization of the anhydrous strontium oxalate. On the other hand, the endothermic DTA peak observed at 910 degrees C can be attributed to the transition of orthorhombic-hexagonal phase of SrCO3. The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of anhydrous strontium oxalate and strontium carbonate, which are formed as stable intermediates, have been studied using non-isothermal TG technique. Analysis of kinetic data was carried out assuming various solid-state reaction models and applying three different

computational methods. The data analysis according to the composite method showed that the anhydrous oxalate decomposition is best described by the two-dimensional diffusion-controlled mechanism (D-2), while the decomposition of strontium carbonate is best fitted by means of the three-dimensional phase boundary-controlled mechanism (R-3). The values of activation parameters obtained using different methods were compared and discussed.

Keywords : Strontium Oxalate; DTA-TG; Decomposition; Kinetics; Mechanism

Authors AL-Thabaiti, Shaeel Ahmed; Al-Nowaiser, F. M.; Obaid, A. Y.; Al- Youbi, A. O.; Khan, Zaheer E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Chemistry Paper Title Formation, characterization and stabilization of water-soluble colloidal MnO2 in the oxidation of methionine, thiourea and thioacetamide by permanganate Source COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE, Volume: 285 Issue: 13 Pages: 1479-1485 Impact Factor 1.736 ISSN 0303-402X Publication year 2007 35

Abstract Stabilization and characterisation of water soluble colloidal MnO2 during the oxidation of sulphur-containing organic reductants "thiourea, thioactamide and methionine" by permanganate in aqueous neutral media are reported for the first time. Upon addition of permanganate to a solution of methionine, a transient species appears within the time of mixing, which is stable for several weeks. On the other hand, the transient species is unstable in the presence of thiourea and thioacetamide, respectively. The nature of manganese (IV) species present in the solution was characterized by spectrophotometric and coagulation measurements.

On addition of HClO4, there is a decrease in the absorbance of the reaction mixture. Under pseudo first-order conditions ([reductants] > [MnO4-]), the reduction rate was very fast up to the formation of water soluble colloidal MnO2. The effect of various parameters, such as hydrogen ion concentration, amount of MnO4- and concentration of reductants were investigated. Mechanisms consistent with the observed results have been proposed and discussed.

Keywords : Methonine; Permanganate; Thiourea; Colloidal Mno2; Mechanism

Authors Asiri, Abdullah M.; Badahdah, Khadija O. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Chemistry Paper Title Synthesis of some new anils: Part 1. Reaction of 2-hydroxy- benzaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-naphthaldehyde with 2-aminopyridene and 2-aminopyrazine Source MOLECULES Volume: 12 Issue: 8 Pages: 1796-1804 Impact Factor 1.252 ISSN 1420-3049 Publication year 2007 36

Abstract New Schiff bases derived from 2-aminopyridene and 2-aminopyrazine have been synthesized. The UV-Visible spectra of the compounds have been investigated in acetonitrile and toluene. The compounds were in tautomeric equilibrium (enol-imine O-H center dot center dot center dot N, keto-amine O center dot center dot center dot H-N forms) in polar and nonpolar solvents. For some derivatives the keto-amine form was observed in both toluene and acetonitrile. H-1-NMR and IR results showed that all Schiff bases studied favor the enol-imine form over the keto form in a weakly polar solvent such as deuterochloroform.

Keywords : Schiff Base; Tautomerism; Keto-Enamine; Enol-Imine; Solvent Effect

Authors Asiri, Abdullah Mohamed; Fatani, Nahed A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Chemistry Paper Title Novel dyes derived from hydrazones. Part 4. Synthesis and characterizations of 2-{4-[(2E)-2-(1- arylylidene)hydrazino]phenyl}ethylene-1,1,2-tricarbonitrile Source DYES AND PIGMENTS Volume: 72 Issue: 2 Pages: 217-222 Impact Factor 2.507 ISSN 0143-7208 Publication year 2007 37

Abstract

Novel tricyanovinyl derived from hydrazones have been prepared by the reaction of tetracyanoethylene and phenylethylidene hydrazone, and these dyes showed absorption in the region of 500-593 nm. The dyes showed pronounced solvatochromic effects as the polarity of the solvents increased. Some of the new dyes were studied to show the aggregation properties in solution as the concentration changed. Most of the dyes studied showed change in the absorption spectrum and hence the position of the maximum absorption bands. The thermal

39 KAU Publications in ISI Journals stability of some of the prepared dyes was studied in polymethylmethacrylate film at 80 degrees C the annulations on the aromatic group showed less thermal stability of the dyes.

Keywords : Donor-Acceptor; Tricyanovinyl; Hydrazones; NLO Chromospheres; Solvatochromism

Authors Asiri, A. M; Baghaffar, G. A.; Ismaiel, N. H. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Chemistry Paper Title Novel light sensitive system derived from tetracyanoquinodimethane and anilines Source PIGMENT & RESIN TECHNOLOGY Volume: 36 Issue: 4 Pages: 235-240 Impact Factor 0.769 ISSN 0369-9420 Publication year 2007 38

Abstract Purpose - To discover new photochromic molecules suitable for various applications.

Design/methodology/approach - The synthesis of the new photochromic Aniline derivatives was accomplished by reaction of tetracyanoquinodimethane and anilines in polar solvents such as dimethylformamide.

Findings - A novel photochromic system had been designed and developed. The synthesis and photochromic properties of three aniline derivatives upon irradiation with ultraviolet light were studies in different solvents. The photochromic and thermochromic properties were affected markedly upon changing the solvent polarity. The new materials gave colourless to deep yellow coloration upon irradiation with ultraviolet, rendering them suitable candidates for optical storage media using the region of 700 nm.

Practical implications - A new photochromic system had been developed via a simple method. The new compounds showed photochromic, thermochromic, and solvatochromic properties making them potential candidates for many applications such as photo sensors, optical data storage, thermochromic sensors and heat sensitive materials.

Originality/value - The photochromic system was novel and hence the photochromic molecules were novel

Keywords : Photochemistry; Light Emission

Authors Bahajaj, Abood A.; Asiri, Abdullah M. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Chemistry Paper Title Photocoloration and photobleaching of 3-(2-adamantylidene)-2-[5- (p-diethylamino)phenyl-2-methyl-3-furylethylidene]-succinic anhydride doped in PMMA polymer film Source JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A- CHEMISTRY Volume: 191 Issue: 2-3 Pages: 182-186 Impact Factor 2.362 ISSN 1010-6030 Publication year 2007 39

Abstract The greenish fulgide 2-E doped in PMMA polymer films was heated at various annealing temperatures. Upon irradiation with UV light (366 nm), fulgide 2-E undergoes a conrotatory ring closure to the bluish colored closed form 2-C. The later color was partially switched back to the original color when the films were irradiated with white light. The percentage conversion

decreases with increasing the annealing temperatures. The observed large bathochromic shifts Of lambda(max) for the opened and closed forms of 2 and the partial conversion of 2-C to 2-E were rationalized on the bases of electronic and steric effects. It was found that both isomers 2- C and 2-E absorb white light and under white light irradiation they interconvert and a photostationary state is reached. The kinetics of photocoloration and photobleaching processes were followed spectrophotometrically by monitoring the absorbance of the ring closed product 2-C at its lambda(max) of 630 nm. The apparent first-order rate constants for both processes were determined. It was found that there was slight variation in rate constant for photocoloration reaction; which decreases with increase annealing temperature. On the other hand, the apparent rate constant of the photobleaching reaction increases with increasing the annealing temperature.

Keywords : Fulgides; Photochromism; Polymer Film; Photobleaching, Photocoloration, Kinetics

Authors Basaif, Salem A.; Hassan, Mohamed A.; Gobouri, Adil A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Chemistry Paper Title AlCl3-catalyzed diazocoupling of 1-(aryl/hetaryl)-3-phenyl-1H- pyrazol-2-in-5-ones in aqueous medium. Synthesis of hetaryl- azopyrazolones and their application as disperse dyes Source DYES AND PIGMENTS Volume: 72 Issue: 3 Pages: 387-391 Impact Factor 2.507 ISSN 0143-7208 Publication year 2007 40

Abstract

Organic synthesis in water is a new methodology of green chemistry. AlCl3-catalyzed diazocoupling of 1-(aryl/hetaryl)-3-phenyl-IH-pyrazol2-in-5-ones (1) in water with different aryl/hetaryldiazonium salts afforded the corresponding hetaryl-azopyrazolones (2) as colored products with high yields. These dyes were characterized by UV-vis, FIF-IR and H-1 NMR

42 KAU Publications in ISI Journals spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. Cotton, wool, silk and polyesters fabrics were dyed and their photostability and color fastness were identified.

Keywords : Alcl3-Catalyst; Diazocoupling In Water; 1-(Aryl/Hetaryl)-3-Phenyl-1H-Pyrazol-2- In-5-Ones; Photostability; Color Fastness

Authors Bashammakh, A. S.; Bahaffi, S. O.; Al-Sibaai, A. A.; Al-Wael, H. O.; El-Shahawi, M. S. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Chemistry Paper Title Extractive liquid-liquid spectrophotometric procedure for the determination of thiocyanate ions employing the ion pair reagent amiloride monohydrochloride Source ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA, Volume: 592 Issue: 1 Pages:16-23 Impact Factor 3.148 ISSN 0003-2670 Publication year 2007 41

Abstract An accurate, inexpensive and less laborious liquid-liquid extractive spectrophotometric procedure for the determination of thiocyanate ions in aqueous media has been developed. The method has been based upon the formation of a yellow colored complex ion associate of the ion-

43 KAU Publications in ISI Journals pairing reagent 1-(3, 5-dianiino-6-chloropyrazinecarboxyl) guanidine hydrochloride monohydrate, namely amiloride hydrochloride, DPG(+)-Cl- and the thiocyanate ions in aqueous media containing HNO3 (0.5 mol L-1) and subsequent extraction with 4-methyl-2-pentanone. The absorption electronic spectrum of the ion associate showed one well-defined peak at lambda(max) 366 nm. The stoichiometric mole ratio of DPG(+)-Cl- to the thiocyanate ions is 1:1.The effective molar absorptivity (e) of the ion associate at lambda(max) 366 nm is 1.1 +/- 0.1 x 10(4) L mol(-1) cm(-1). The extraction constants (K-d, K-ex, and 0) enabled a simple and convenient use of the developed binary ion associate for the extractive spectrophotometric determination of traces of thiocyanate ions in the aqueous media. Beer's law and Ringbom's plots are obeyed in the concentration range 0.05-10 and 0.1-7 mu g mL(-1) of the thiocyanate ions, respectively with a relative standard deviation of +/- 23%. The calculated lower limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of the developed procedure for the thiocyanate ions were found equal to 0.02 and 0.066 mu g mL(-1), respectively. The developed method has been applied for the determination of trace amounts of thicyanate ions in tap-, waste- and natural water samples and compared successfully with the reported methods at the 95% confidence level. The proposed method was also applied successfully for the determination of thiocyanate ions in saliva samples.

Keywords : Thiocyanate Determination; Chemical Equilibrium; Amiloride Hydrochloride; Solvent Extraction; Spectrophotometry; Wastewater And Biological Samples

Authors Dowaidar, A. M.; EI-Shahawi, M. S.; Ashour, I. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Chemistry Paper Title Adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons onto activated carbon from non-aqueous media: 1. The influence of the organic solvent polarity Source SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,Volume: 42, Issue:16 Pages: 3609-3622 Impact Factor 1.139 ISSN 0149-6395 Publication year 2007 42

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be formed easily during the refinery processes of crude petroleum. Their accumulation poses serious operating problems and their removal is of

great importance. In this investigation we tested the ability of activated carbon to remove a number of the PAHs compounds from mixtures of organics solvents, with different chemicals structures and polarities. Batch adsorption tests were used to investigate the effect of chemical structures and polarities of solvents on the adsorption of naphthalene, anthracene, and pyrene on activated carbon. Our investigation revealed that aromatic solvents have high affinity for activated carbon and therefore, inhibit PAHs adsorption, while polar solvents have low affinity for activated carbon and consequently the adsorbent sites are more available for the PAHs molecules. This behavior can be explained by the fact that the PAHs and benzene molecules are able to form pi-pi complex between pi- electrons of benzene rings and active sites on an activated carbon surface. An increase in the molecular weight of aliphatic solvents such as hexane and heptane has little effect on adsorption of PAHs to activated carbon. However, cyclic hydrocarbon solvents such as cyclohexane increase the adsorption of small PAHs and decrease the adsorption of heavier PAHs molecules, probably as a result of differences in solubilities.

Keywords : PAHS Adsorption; Activated Carbon; Non-Aqueous Media; Equilibrium Isotherms

Authors El-Mossalamy, El-Sayed H.; Al-Nowaiser, Fawzia M.; Al-Thabaiti, Shaeel A.; Al-Youbi, Abdul O.; Baschel, Suliman N. Obaid, Abdulla Y. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Chemistry Paper Title Radiation polymerization of 4-(Acryloylamido)benzonitrile: Zinc and copper complexes Source MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE, Volume:138,Issue:9,Pages:853-857 Impact Factor 0 ISSN 0026-9247 Publication year 2007 43

Abstract

The new polymer containing cyano groups was synthesized by gamma-irradiation. The oximated polymer was prepared using hydroxylamine hydrochloride in basic medium. The

45 KAU Publications in ISI Journals characterization of monomer, polymer, and oximated ones was confirmed by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The complex formation of the amidoxime salt towards Zn(II)supercript stop, Cu-II, and Zn-II/Cu-II mixture in aqueous solution was studied by atomic absorption spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance spectrometry. The significant binding capacity of these metal ions revealed its selectivity to Zinc(II) ion. The thermal stability of polymers and complexed ones was investigated using thermogravimetry analysis. The change in their morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Keywords : Oximated Polymer; Complex Formation; Thermal Stability; Morphology

Authors El-Shahawi, M. S.; Bahaffi, S. O.; El-Mogy, T. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Chemistry Paper Title Analysis of domperidone in pharmaceutical formulations and wastewater by differential pulse voltammetry at a glassy-carbon electrode Source ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, Volume:387 Issue: 2 Pages: 719-725 Impact Factor 3.328 ISSN 1618-2642 Publication year 2007 44

Abstract

The redox characteristics of the drug domperidone at a glassy-carbon electrode (GCE) in aqueous media were critically investigated by differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). In Britton Robinson (BR) buffer of pH 2.6-10.3, an irreversible and diffusion-controlled oxidation wave was developed. The dependence of the CV response of the developed anodic peak on the sweep rate (v) and on depolizer concentration was typical of an electrode-coupled chemical reaction mechanism (EC) in which an irreversible first-order reaction is interposed between the charges. The values of the electron-transfer coefficient (alpha) involved in the rate-determining step calculated from the linear plots of E-p,(a) against ln (v) in the pH range investigated were in the range 0.64 +/- 0.05 confirming the irreversible nature of the oxidation peak. In BR buffer of pH 7.6-8.4, a well defined oxidation wave was developed and the plot of peak current height of the DPV against domperidone concentration at this peak potential was linear in the range 5.20 x 10(-6) to 2.40 x 10(-5) mol L-1 with lower limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of 6.1 x 10(-7) and 9.1 x 10(-7) mol L-1, respectively. A relative standard deviation of 2.39% (n = 5) was obtained for 8.5 x 10(-6) mol L-1 of the drug. These DPV procedures were successfully used for analysis of domperidone in the pure form (98.2 +/- 3.1%), dosage form (98.35 +/- 2.9%), and in tap (97.0 +/- 3.6%) and wastewater (95.0 +/- 2.9%) samples. The method was validated by comparison with standard titrimetric and HPLC methods. Acceptable error of less than 3.3% was also achieved.

Keywords : Analysis; Domperiodone, Glassy Carbon, Electrode

Authors El-Shahawi, M. S.; Bashammakh, A. S.; Bahaffi, S. O. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Chemistry Paper Title Chemical speciation and recovery of gold(I, III) from wastewater and silver by liquid-liquid extraction with the ion-pair reagent amiloride mono hydrochloride and AAS determination Source TALANTA Volume: 72 Issue: 4 Pages: 1494-1499 Impact Factor 3.206 ISSN 0039-9140 Publication year 2007 45

Abstract

A novel and low cost liquid-liquid extraction procedure for the separation of gold(III) at trace level from aqueous medium of pH 5-9 has been developed. The method has been based upon the formation of a yellow colored ternary complex ion associate of tetrachloro gold(III) complex anion, AuCl4- with the ion-pair reagent 1-(3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazinecarboxyl) guanidine hydrochloride monohydrate, namely amiloride, DPG(+)center dot Cl-. The effect of various parameters, e.g. pH, organic solvent, shaking time, etc. on the preconcentration of g-old(III) from the aqueous media by the DPG(+)center dot Cl- reagent has been investigated. The colored gold species was quantitatively extracted into 4-methyl pentan-2-one. The chemical composition of the ion associate of DPG(+)center dot Cl- with AUCl(4)(-) in the organic solvent has been determined by the Job's method. The molar absorptivity (2.19 x 10(4) L mol(-1) cm(-1)) of the associate DPG(+)center dot AUCl(4)(-) at 362 nm enabled a convenient application of the developed extraction procedure for the separation and AAS determination of traces of aurate ions. Mono-valence gold ions after oxidation to gold(III) with bromine water in HCl (1.0 mot L- 1) media have been also extracted quantitatively from the aqueous media by the developed procedure. The chemical speciation of mono and/or tri-valence gold species spiked to fresh and industrial wastewater samples has been achieved. The method has been also applied successfully from the separation of gold(I) and gold(III) species from metallic ions and silver. The developed method has also the advantage of freedom from most diverse ions.

Keywords : Mono- And Tri-Valence Gold Species; Ion-Pair Reagent DPG(+)Center Dot Cl-; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Chemical Speciation; Wastewater; Silver; Recovery And AAS

Authors Ghozlan, Said A. S.; Badahdah, Khadija O.; Abdelhamid, Ismail A. E-Mail [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Chemistry Paper Title An easy synthesis of 5-functionally substituted ethyl 4-amino-1-aryl- pyrazolo-3-carboxylates: interesting precursors to sildenafil analogues Source BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Volume: 3 Article Number: 15 Impact Factor 0.800 ISSN 1860-5397 Publication year 2007 46

Abstract

3-Oxo-2-arylhydrazononitriles 1a-c react readily with chloroacetonitrile, ethyl chloroacetate, and with phenacyl chloride to give 4-aminopyrazoles 4a-e. The pyrazolo[ 4,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives 7 and 10 are synthesized via reaction of the aminopyrazole 4b with phenylisothiocyanate and DMFDMA/NH4OAc respectively.

Keywords : Synthesis, Acryl, Sildenafil

Authors Kadi, Mohammad W.; Ismail, Iqbal M.; Sobahi, Tariq R. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Chemistry Paper Title Identification of organic migrants from some plastic food packaging used in Saudi Arabia using water as food simulant Source ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Volume: 19 Issue: 4 Pages: 2744-2750 Impact Factor 0.260 ISSN 0970-7077 Publication year 2007 47

Abstract In this study, the authors are interested in organic migrants originating from plastic food- packages used widely in the Saudi market. Instead of using the food itself to conduct experiments food simulant is used, this is to avoid any spectral interferences. Deionized water was used as food simulant which is made to come into contact with the polymer material under desired conditions. GC-MS analysis was used to identify migrants. Many alkyl phthalates and hydrocarbons were found to have been migrated into the food simulant.

Keywords : Polymer Food Packaging; Food Stimulant; Organic Migrants; GC-MS Analysis; Alkyl Phthalates

Authors Zhao, Chuntian; Danish, Ekram; Cameron, Neil R.; Kataky, Ritu E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Chemistry Paper Title Emulsion-templated porous materials (PolyHIPEs) for selective ion and molecular recognition and transport: applications in electrochemical sensing Source JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY Volume: 17, Issue: 23 Pages: 2446-2453 Impact Factor 4.646 ISSN 0959-9428 Publication year 2007

Abstract

Functionalised emulsion-templated polymers (PolyHIPEs) are reported as new materials for electroanalytical applications. PolyHIPEs, which are prepared from high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs), were tailored by optimisation of polymerisation conditions to yield well- defined, tubular, porous membranes. The PolyHIPE membrane backbone was activated by incorporating ionophores, graphite particles, electron mediators and enzymes. The results show that a valinomycin ionophore impregnated, plasticised membrane shows a Nernstian response to K+ ions with improved detection limits and selectivity coefficients compared to traditional PVC membranes. The graphite/mediator/enzyme loaded membranes exhibit quasi-reversible redox behaviour with semi-infinite linear diffusion at fast scan rates tending to radial diffusion at slow scan rates. Additionally, composite, asymmetric membrane structures with a porous PolyHIPE membrane and a PVC membrane exclude proteins such as BSA (bovine serum albumin) and al acid glycoprotein (AAG). These preliminary results demonstrate that plasticised membranes with functionalised skeletons and with controllable porosity such as PolyHIPE membranes are very promising for the fabrication of sensors with integrated separation.

Keywords : Lower Detection Limit; In-Oil Emulsions; Key Parameters; Electrodes; Membrane; Polymer; Foams; Coefficients; Scaffolds; Matrices

Authors Qusti, Safaa Y.; Mahmoud, Nagwa M. El-Sawi E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Biochemistry Paper Title Effect of Nigella sativa L. oil on roridin E toxin administration on liver of male mice Source JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH Volume: 31 Issue: 2 Pages: 161-164 Impact Factor 0.178 ISSN 0971-2119 Publication year 2007

Abstract

To study the effect of Nigella sativa L Oil (N.S.) on mice given roridin E toxin, 30 albino mice were divided in 3 equal groups. Control group mice were given only the carrier of roridin E. Second group mice were given roridin E (2 mg/kg bw). Third group mice were given toxin as in group 2 but were given 800mg/kg bw of NS oil additionally. Liver tissue and blood serum analysis indicated that lipid peroxidation parameters were increased by toxin but NS oil brought these to normal level. Thus NS oil as antidote to rordin E toxicity is demonstrated.

Keywords : Mycotoxin; Roridin E; Nigella Sativa L. Oil; Trichothecene; Antioxidants; Serum; Liver

Authors Sharaf, M. A.; Banajh, M. A.; Alshaary, A. A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences Department Astronomy Paper Title Homotopy continuation method of arbitrary order of convergence for solving the hyperbolic form of Kepler's equation Source JOURNAL OF ASTROPHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY Volume: 28 Issue: 1 Pages: 9-16 Impact Factor 0.667 ISSN 0250-6335 Publication year 2007

Abstract

In this paper, an efficient iterative method of arbitrary integer order of convergence >= 2 has been established for solving the hyperbolic form of Kepler's equation. The method is of a dynamic nature in the sense that, moving from one iterative scheme to the subsequent one, only additional instruction is needed. Most importantly, the method does not need any prior knowledge of the initial guess. A property which avoids the critical situations between divergent and very slow convergent solutions that may exist in other numerical methods which depend on initial guess. Computational Package for digital implementation of the method is given and is applied to many case studies.

Keywords : Homotopy Method; Hyperbolic Kepler's Equation; Initial Value Problem; Orbit Determination

Authors Salah, Numan; Lochab, S. P.; Kanjilal, D.; Ranjan, Ranju; Habib, Sami S.; Rupasov, A. A.; Aleynikov, V. E. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Sciences(Center of Nanotechnology) Department Center of Nanotechnology Paper Title Nanoparticles of K2Ca2(SO4)(3): Eu as effective detectors for swift heavy ions Source JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Volume: 102 Issue: 6 Article Number: 064904 Impact Factor 2.201 ISSN 0021-8979

Publication year 2007 51

Abstract The modification of thermoluminescence (TL) and photoluminescence (PL) properties of K2Ca2(SO4)(3):Eu nanoparticles by swift heavy ions (SHI), irradiation is studied. Pellets form of the nanomaterials were irradiated by 48 MeV Li3+, 75 MeV C6+, and 90 MeV O7+ ion beams. The fluence range is 1x10(9)-1x10(13) ions/cm(2). The modification in TL glow curves of the nanomaterials irradiated by Li3+, C6+, and O7+ ion beams are essentially similar to those induced by gamma-ray irradiation. These glow curves have single peaks at around 427 K with a small variation in their positions by around +/- 3 K. The TL intensity of the ion beams irradiated nanomaterials is found to decease, while going from low to high atomic number (Z) ions (i.e., Li3+-> O7+). The TL response curve of the pellets irradiated by Li3+ ions is linear in the whole range of studied fluences. The curves for C6+ and O7+ irradiated samples are linear at lower fluences (1x10(9)-1x10(12) ion/cm(2)) and then saturate at higher fluence. These results for the nanomaterials are much better than that of the corresponding microcrystalline samples irradiated with a Li3+ ion. The curves were linear up to the fluence 1x10(11) ion/cm(2) and then become sublinear at higher fluences. The TL efficiency values of K2Ca2(SO4)(3):Eu nanoparticles irradiated by 48 MeV Li3+, 75 MeV C6+, and 90 MeV O7+ ion beams have been measured relative to gamma rays of Co-60 and are found to be 0.515, 0.069, and 0.019, respectively. This value for the Li3+ ion (0.515) is much higher than that of the corresponding microcrystalline material (0.0014). These superiorities for the nanomaterials make K2Ca2(SO4)(3):Eu nanophosphor a suitable candidate for detecting the doses of swift heavy ions. PL studies on the ion beams irradiated and unirradiated K2Ca2(SO4)(3):Eu nanoparticles show a single band at 384 nm, which could be assigned to Eu2+ emission, while the microcrystalline form of this material shows emission at 436 nm. This wide blueshift in PL of the nanomaterial could be attributed to the extension of the band gap of Eu2+ due to the absence of crystal field effects.

Keywords : Mcp-N Detectors; Lif-Mg; Thermoluminescence; Tl; Photoluminescence; Efficiency; Phosphor; Beam; Radiation; Ba0.97ca0.03so4-Eu

Authors Abdulsalam, M. I. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Engineering Department Chemical & Materials Engineering Paper Title The role of electrolyte concentration on crevice corrosion of pure nickel Source MATERIALS AND CORROSION-WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION Volume: 58 Issue: 7 Pages: 511-513 Impact Factor 0.639 ISSN 0947-5117

Publication year 2007

Abstract

In this work an artificial crevice electrode was used in conjunction with a fine microprobe assembly to measure the potential inside the crevice. Using this setup crevice corrosion of commercially pure nickel was investigated in sulfuric acid with concentrations: 0.5, 1 and 2N. The outer surface of the Ni was held at a passive potential of 530 mV(SCE) while the experiment was running. The results showed a steep potential decay observed in all concentrations. For 0.5, 1 and 2N H2SO4, the total potential drop inside the crevice was: 681, 619 and 593 mV, respectively. This indicates the higher the acid concentration is the lower the potential drop will be. On the other hand, the measured current was highest (4.09 mA) for 2N and lowest (1 mA) for 0.5N. On the crevice wall a boundary was found to exist between the passive and the active regions. These findings point toward the IR voltage drop mechanism operating for this system

Keywords : Current Distributions; Sulfuric-Acid; Behavior; Iron

Authors Abdulsalam, Mohammed I. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Engineering Department Chemical & Materials Engineering Paper Title Crevice corrosion of titanium in high temperature-concentrated chloride environments Source JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE Volume: 16 Issue: 6 Pages: 736-740 Impact Factor 0.403 ISSN 1059-9495

Abstract Crevice corrosion of titanium is activated in concentrated chloride media at 100 degrees C. This was possible only with the tightest gap (0.005 cm) between Ti-Ti surfaces. No crevice corrosion was observed with greater gap dimensions. The design of the crevice led to the occurrence of two concentric circular rings of corroded areas, with many pits on them. After potentiostating in the passive region for 5 h in 25% NaCl (pH = 4.7) - where hydrogen evolution is thermodynamically prohibited - hydrogen gas bubbles were observed to egress out of the crevice mouth during ongoing crevice corrosion. This indicates that hydrogen evolution occurs within the crevice. The results are compatible with the occurrence of gradually increasing ohmic potential shift and localized acidification in the crevice electrolyte as judged by the measured gradual increase of the crevice corrosion current. The high acidity of the bulk electrolyte does not seem to be sufficient or even a necessary condition for crevice corrosion to occur.

Keywords : Acidification; Chloride; Crevice Corrosion; High Temperature; Hydrogen Bubbles; Ohmic Potential Drop; Titanium

Authors Diken, H. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Engineering Department Chemical & Materials engineering Paper Title Servomotor control of a coupled elastic shaft-elastic beam system Source MECHANISM AND MACHINE THEORY Volume: 42 Issue: 10 Pages: 1376-1387 Impact Factor 1.437 ISSN 0094-114X

Abstract In this study, a servomotor driven coupled elastic shaft-elastic beam system is analyzed. The model consists of a servomotor, disk, and an elastic beam attached to the disk separated by an elastic shaft. Equations of motion are derived with respect to the generalized coordinates of the elastic shaft, elastic beam and the servomotor rotation. Frequency equations and mode shapes for the elastic beam and elastic shaft are obtained assuming compliant boundary conditions. Nonlinear terms which come from the Coriolis, normal and tangential accelerations retained in the equations. For a chosen example, disk rotation, servomotor rotation and beam vibration are obtained for a desired servomotor input rotation which assumes proportional plus derivative control. Results show that shaft elasticity not only affects the disk motion and beam vibrations but also alters the actual servomotor motion. Beam vibration amplitudes are lower when the shaft elasticity is higher. Nonlinear terms have also a lowering effect on the beam vibration amplitudes.

Keywords : Trajectory Tracking; Vibration Control; Flexible Shaft; Joint; Link; Manipulator

Authors Nosier, S. A.; Alhamed, Y. A.; Alturaif, H. A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Engineering Department Chemical & Materials Engineering Paper Title Enhancement of copper cementation using ceramic suspended solids under single phase flow Source SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, Volume:52 Issue: 3 Pages: 454-460

Impact Factor 2.503 ISSN 1383-5866 Publication year 2007

Abstract Rate of Cu++ removal from waste solution by cementation on zinc rod was studied under single phase flow. Suspended ceramic particles were used to enhance the rate of cementation of Cu++. The cementations process was studied under different conditions of superficial liquid velocities and different ratios of suspended solid to liquid (X). It was found that the rate of Cu++ removal increases with increasing superficial liquid velocity and increase in liquid to solid ratio. The dependence of cementation rate on both superficial liquid velocity and the concentration of ceramic suspended solids confirmed that the diffusion controlled nature of the reaction. Mass transfer study of the process has revealed that the data can be represented by the following equation:

J = 2.76Re(-0.5211) X-0.5233

Where; 761 < Re < 1726, 0.0087 < X < 0.0218 and Sc = 1526.

Keywords : Wastewater; Cementation; Copper Removal; Mass Transfer; Single Phase Flow; Suspended Solids

Authors Nosier, S. A.; Alhamed, Y. A.; Bakry, A. A.; Mansour, I. S. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Engineering Department Chemical & Materials Engineering Paper Title Forced convection solid-liquid mass transfer at a surface of tube bundles under single phase flow Source CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

QUARTERLY Volume: 21 Issue: 3 Pages: 213-218 Impact Factor 0.346 ISSN 0352-9568 Publication year 2007

Abstract Solid-liquid mass transfer characteristics of in-line tube bank were investigated by measuring the rate of diffusion-controlled dissolution of copper surface in dichromate solution. Variables studied were the number of rows in the tube bank, physical properties of the solution, and flow rate of the solution. The data were correlated for the conditions: 937 < Sc < 1300, 173 < Re < 385, 1 < N < 5, by the equation Sh = 2.68 Re-0.465 sc(0.33) N-0.31 + 35.35. The addition of Polyox WSR 301 as a drag reducing agent leads to a decrease in the mass transfer coefficient, which ranged from 49 to 83 % depending on the mass fraction of the polymer, number of tube bundles and the liquid flow rates.

Keywords : Solid-Liquid Mass Transfer; Mass Transfer Coefficient; Tube Bank; Drag Reducing Agent; Single-Phase Flow

Authors Al-Angari, Haitham M.; Sahakian, Alan V. E-Mail [email protected], [email protected] Faculty Engineering Department Electrical and computer Engineering Paper Title Use of sample entropy approach to study heart rate variability in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Source IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING Volume: 54 Issue: 10 Pages: 1900-1904 Impact Factor 2.496 ISSN 0022-1686 Publication year 2007

Abstract

Sample entropy, a nonlinear signal processing approach, was used as a measure of signal complexity to evaluate the cyclic behavior of heart rate variability (HRV) in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). In a group of 10 normal and 25 OSA subjects, the sample entropy measure showed that normal subjects have significantly more complex HRV pattern than the OSA subjects (p < 0.005). When compared with spectral analysis in a minute-by-minute classification, sample entropy had an accuracy of 70.3% (69.5% sensitivity, 70.9% specificity) while the spectral analysis had an accuracy of 70.4% (71.3% sensitivity, 69.9% specificity). The combination of the two methods improved the accuracy to 72.9 % (72.2 % sensitivity, 73.3 % specificity). The sample entropy approach does not show major improvement over the existing methods. In fact, its accuracy in detecting sleep apnea is relatively low in the well classified data of the physionet. Its main achievement however, is the simplicity of computation. Sample entropy and other nonlinear methods might be useful tools to detect apnea episodes during sleep.

Keywords : Approximate Entropy; Heart Rate Variability; Nonlinear Signal Processing; Obstructive Sleep Apnea; Power Spectral Density; Sample Entropy

Authors Rahideh, A.; Shaheed, H. M.; Bajodah, A. H. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Engineering Department Electrical and Computer engineering Paper Title Adaptive non-linear model inversion control of a twin rotor multi-

input multi-output system using artificial intelligence Source PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Volume: 221 Issue: G3 Pages: 343-351 Impact Factor 0.366 ISSN 0954-4100 Publication year 2007

Abstract

This paper investigates the development of an adaptive dynamic non-linear model inversion control law for a twin rotor multi-input multi-output system (TRMS) utilizing artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms. The TRMS is an aerodynamic test rig representing the control challenges of modern air vehicles. A highly non-linear one degree of freedom mathematical model of the TRMS is considered in this study and a non-linear inverse model is developed for the pitch channel. In the absence of model inversion errors, a genetic algorithm-tuned proportional-derivative (PD) controller is used to enhance the tracking characteristics of the system. An adaptive neural network element is integrated, thereafter, with the feedback control system to compensate for model inversion errors. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed method in the simulation environment an inversion error has deliberately been provided as an uncertainty in the real situation. Square and sinusoidal reference command signals are used to test the control system performance, and it is noted that an excellent tracking response is exhibited in the presence of inversion errors caused by model uncertainty.

Keywords : Model Inversion; Adaptive Control; Artificial Intelligence; Twin Rotor

Authors Rushdi, Ali M.; Ba-Rukab, Omar M. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Engineering Department Electrical & Computer Engineering

Paper Title A purely map procedure for two-level multiple-output logic minimization Source INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER MATHEMATICS Volume: 84 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-10 Impact Factor 0.308 ISSN 0020-7160 Publication year 2007

Abstract

A pedagogical treatment of two-level multiple-output logic minimization is presented through a compact exposition of a novel manual fast procedure. This procedure is a purely map technique which generalizes the map procedure for single-output minimization. It requires neither the generation of the set of all paramount prime implicants, nor the construction of a cover matrix. Instead, it utilizes certain visual interactions between various groups of maps placed at distinct levels of a Hasse diagram, which is conveniently drawn in a Karnaugh map layout so that any parent map is easily visualized as adjacent to all its children maps. The present exposition is believed to enhance what is currently available in undergraduate texts, and is intended as a supplement to, rather than a replacement of, automated computational experience. An illustrative example demonstrates the proposed procedure for the dual cases of AND-OR and OR-AND minimizations.

Keywords : Multiple-Output Minimization; Purely Map Procedure; Karnaugh Map; Hasse Diagram; Duality

Authors Soliman, E. A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Engineering

Department Electrical & Computer Engineering Paper Title CPW-fed brick-wall antenna with parasitic elements Source JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS Volume: 21 Issue: 10 Pages: 1421-1427 Impact Factor 3.134 ISSN 0920-5071 Publication year 2007

Abstract A newly developed brick-wall antenna is presented in this paper. A number of parasitic dipoles are placed in the vicinity of the original ones. The length of these dipoles is slightly shorter than that of the originals. This arrangement allows overlapping working bands, which approximately doubles the impedance bandwidth of the original brick-wall antenna. The design parameters of the developed antenna have been optimized for maximum bandwidth. The optimized antenna has been analyzed using a commercial full-wave electromagnetic simulator. The presented results show that the new antenna maintains all the appealing features of the original one, in addition to a remarkably increased bandwidth.

Keywords : Microstrip Antenna; Technology; Arrays

Authors Soliman, Ezzeldin A.; De Raedt, Walter; Vandenbosch, Guy A. E. E-Mail [email protected]

Faculty Engineering Department Electrical & Computer Engineering Paper Title CPW-fed fractal bow-tie antenna Source MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Volume:49 Issue: 7 Pages: 1587-1589 Impact Factor 0.743 ISSN 0895-2477 Publication year 2007

Abstract

A novel fractal bow-tie antenna fed with CPW is presented in this letter. The proposed antenna consists of a Sierpinski fractal bow-tie patch placed on one side of the substrate and a coupling slot dipole placed on the other side. The geometrical parameters of the antenna are optimized for best performance at 5.2 GHz. The proposed antenna has been fabricated using printed circuit board (PCB) technology. Although the antenna is fabricated on a low dielectric constant substrate, its size is still remarkably small (16 mm X 16 mm). The antenna has been characterized both theoretically and experimentally. The measured and calculated results are presented, compared, and discussed.

Keywords : Planar Antennas; Sierpinski Fractal; Bow-Tie; CPW-Fed; Slot Coupling

Authors Soliman, E. A.; Helaly, A.; Megahed, A. A. E-Mail [email protected]

Faculty Engineering Department Electrical & Computer Engineering Paper Title Propagation of electromagnetic waves in planar bounded plasma region Source PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH-PIER Volume: 67 Pages: 25-37 Impact Factor 4.735 ISSN 1559-8985 Publication year 2007

Abstract This paper aims at developing a technique to calculate the reflection, absorption, and transmission of electromagnetic waves by a bounded plasma region. The model chosen for this study is a magnetized, steady-state, two-dimensional, non uniform plasma slab, which is presented by a number of parallel. at layers. It is assumed that the electron density is constant in each layer such that the overall electron density pro. le across the slab follows any prescribed distribution function. The proposed technique is referred to as Scattering Matrix Model ( SMM). The fields in each layer are written in the form of summation of the appropriate eigen functions weighted by unknown scattering coefficients. These coefficients are determined via the application of the appropriate boundary conditions at each interface. The effect of varying the wave frequency and the plasma parameters on the reflected, transmitted, and absorbed powers are presented and discussed.

Keywords : Anisotropic Media; Scattering; Reflection; Pulse; Transmission; Absorption

Authors Aburas, H. M.

E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Engineering Department Industrial Engineering Paper Title The ABURAS heuristic: A modified heuristic for scheduling unrelated parallel machine problems Source SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING Volume: 18 Issue: 1 Pages: 135-143 Impact Factor 0 ISSN 1012-277X Publication year 2007

Abstract Scheduling problems form an important class of decision-making problems where two types of decision have to be taken: allocation and sequencing. Scheduling is primarily considered with resource allocation; sequencing, however, is concerned with the order of jobs to be performed on the allocated resource (Sipper and Bulfin [8]). This paper proposes the use of a new heuristic called ABURAS, which is designed to minimize the makespan of an unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem. To evaluate the performance of the suggested heuristic, a real scheduling problem involving roof truss manufacturing at a major housing construction company is investigated. The ABURAS heuristic shows superiority in terms of reduced makespan over originally developed heuristics.

Keywords : Heuristic, Scheduling, Parallel Machine

Authors Moreb, Ahmad A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Engineering Department Industrial engineering Paper Title Allocating repairable system's reliability subject to minimal total cost - An integer programming approach Source JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING Volume: 16 Issue: 4 Pages: 499-506 Impact Factor 0 ISSN 1004-3756 Publication year 2007

Abstract Reliability allocation problem is commonly treated using a closed-form expression relating the cost to reliability. A recent approach has introduced the use of discrete integer technique for un- repairable systems. This research addresses the allocation problem for repairable systems. It presents an integer formulation for finding the optimum selection of components based on the integer values of their Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) and Mean Time to Repair (MTTR). The objective is to minimize the total cost under a system reliability constraint, in addition to other physical constraints. Although, a closed-form expression relating the cost to reliability may not be a linear; however, in this research, the objective function will always be linear regardless of the shape of the equivalent continuous closed-form function. An example is solved using the proposed method and compared with the solution of the continuous closed-form version. The formulation for all possible system configurations, components and subsystems are also considered.

Keywords : Reliability; Allocation; Cost Minimization; Integer Programming

Authors Asiri, S. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Engineering Department Production Engineering and Mechanical Systems Design Paper Title Tunable mechanical filter for longitudinal vibrations Source SHOCK AND VIBRATION, Volume:14 Issue: 5, Pages: 377-391 Impact Factor 0.485 ISSN 1070-9622 Publication year 2007

Abstract

This paper presents both theoretically and experimentally a new kind of vibration isolator called tunable mechanical filter which consists of four parallel hybrid periodic rods connected between two plates. The rods consist of an assembly of periodic cells, each cell being composed of a short rod and piezoelectric inserts. By actively controlling the piezoelectric elements, it is shown that the periodic rods can efficiently attenuate the propagation of vibration from the upper plate to the lower one within critical frequency bands and consequently minimize the effects of transmission of undesirable vibration and sound radiation. In such a filter, longitudinal waves can propagate from the vibration source in the upper plate to the lower one along the rods only within specific frequency bands called the "Pass Bands" and wave propagation is efficiently attenuated within other frequency bands called the "Stop Bands". The spectral width of these bands can be tuned according to the nature of the external excitation. The theory governing the operation of this class of vibration isolator is presented and their tunable filtering characteristics are demonstrated experimentally as functions of their design parameters. The concept of this mechanical filter as presented can be employed in many applications to control the wave propagation and the force transmission of longitudinal vibrations both in the spectral and spatial domains in an attempt to stop/attenuate the propagation of undesirable disturbances.

Keywords : Wave-Propagation; Periodic Structures; Finite-Element; Reduction; Systems; Beam; Flow

Authors Habeebullah, Badr A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Engineering Department Production Engineering and Mechanical Systems Design Paper Title An experimental study on ice formation around horizontal long tubes Source INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID, Volume:30, Issue:5, Pages:789-797 Impact Factor 1.458 ISSN 0140-7007 Publication year 2007

Abstract The results of an experimental study are presented where the growth rate of ice on the outside of cooled copper tubes was studied. The tubes. which were immersed in water in an insulated vessel, were internally cooled by circulating glycol through them.

It was found that axial growth rate of ice is distinct at low values of the coolant Reynolds number and short freezing times. The slope of the ice thickness with axial distance showed moderate dependency on time but varied with coolant flow rate, and with Stanton and Not numbers.

A key result front the experiments is the abrupt ice thickness enlargements on the surface of tube bends. This anomaly may be attributed to internal flow disturbances of the coolant, and creation of local eddies inside the bends that enhance growth of ice. The effect was evident for a low Reynolds number (Re = 251.9 and Bi < 1), and fades out for large Reynolds number flows.

Keywords : Thermal Storage; Ice Tank; Horizontal Tube; Copper; Experiment; Growth; Ice

Authors Alhazmy, Majed M. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Engineering Department Thermal Engineering & Desalination Technology Paper Title Minimum work requirement for water production in humidification- dehumidification desalination cycle Source DESALINATION Volume: 214 Issue: 1-3 Pages: 102-111 Impact Factor 1.155 ISSN 0011-9164 Publication year 2007

Abstract

This paper presents a theoretical analysis based on the second law of thermodynamics for estimating the minimum work required for air dehumidification process to produce potable water in a humidification-dehumidification (HD) desalination cycle. The general air dehumidification process is analyzed through an equivalent path consisting of an isothermal dehumidification followed by a sensible cooling Dehumidification is treated as separation process of an ideal mixture consisting of two components, namely air and water vapor. The present analysis assumes the dead state to be the dry ambient and the final state for complete dehumidification to be saturated air at 0.0 1 degrees C. Contours of the minimum work are plotted on psychrometric chart and presented as a handy engineering toot to estimate the power requirement for complete and incomplete dehumidification process independent of the devices used.

Keywords : Humidification-Dehumidification Cycle; Desalination; Exergy Analysis; Minimum Work; Psychrometric Chart

Authors Habeebullah, B. A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Engineering Department Thermal Engineering & Desalination Technology Paper Title Economic feasibility of thermal energy storage systems Source ENERGY AND BUILDINGS Volume: 39 Issue: 3 Pages: 355- 363 Impact Factor 1.590 ISSN 0378-7788 Publication year 2007

Abstract This paper investigates the economic feasibility of both building an ice thermal storage and structure a time of rate tariff for the unique air conditioning (A/C) plant of the Grand Holy Mosque of Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The features of the building are unique where the air- conditioned 39,300 m(2) zone is open to the atmosphere and the worshippers fully occupy the building five times a day, in addition hundreds of thousands of worshippers attend the blessed weekend's prayer at noontime, which escalates the peak electricity load. For economic analysis, the objective function is the daily electricity bill that includes the operation cost and the capital investment of the ice storage system. The operation cost is function of the energy imported for operating the plant in which the tariff structure, number of operating hours and the ambient temperature are parameters. The capital recovery factor is calculated for 10% interest rate and payback period of 10 years. Full and partial load storage scenarios are considered. The results showed that with the current fixed electricity rate (0.07 $/kWh), there is no gain in introducing ice storage systems for both storage schemes. Combining energy storage and an incentive time structured rate showed reasonable daily bill savings. For base tariff of 0.07 $/kWh during daytime operation and 0.016 $/kWh for off-peak period, savings were achieved for full load storage scenario. Different tariff structure is discussed and the break-even nighttime rate was determined (varies between 0.008 and 0.03 $/kWh). Partial load storage scenario showed to be unattractive where the savings for the base structured tariff was insignificant.

Keywords : Ice Storage; Religious Building; Cooling Load; Economic Analysis

Authors Khaled, A. -R. A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Engineering Department Thermal Engineering & Desalination Technology Paper Title Heat transfer enhancement in hairy fin systems Source APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING Volume: 27, Issue: 1 Pages: 250-257 Impact Factor 1.349 ISSN 1359-4311 Publication year 2007

Abstract

Heat transfer inside fin systems composed of primary rectangular fins with large number of slender rods attached on their surfaces is modeled and analyzed analytically in this work. The terminology "hairy fin systems" is used to refer to this kind of fin systems. One and two dimensional analyses are employed in the analysis and appropriate performance indicators are evaluated in order to measure the superiority of hairy fin systems over rectangular fins. It is found that hairy fin systems can transfer more heat than rectangular fins under specific conditions. The enhancement in heat transfer through hairy fin systems is found to increase as the rods thermal conductivity increases or as both the rods diameter and main convection coefficient decrease. Moreover, decreasing the rods diameter is found to decrease the sensitivity of the heat flow within the hairy fin systems to the rods thermal conductivity. Finally, the results of this work demonstrate that the increase in heat flow through hairy fin systems is significant enough to allow them to be utilized in the design of thermal systems. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords : Fins; Heat Transfer; Enhancement; Hairy Fin System; Conduction; Convection

Authors Khaled, A. -R. A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Engineering Department Thermal Engineering & Desalination Technology Paper Title Analysis of heat transfer inside flexible thin-film channels with nonuniform height distributions Source JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME Volume: 129 Issue: 3 Pages: 401-404 Impact Factor 1.421 ISSN 0022-1481 Publication year 2007

Abstract

Heat transfer inside flexible thin-film channels having nonuniform height distributions is analyzed in this work. The terminology "flexible thin film channel" is referred to a thin-film channel having two plates separated by soft elastic seals. The fluidic volume enclosed between the plates can expand due to any increase in the fluid pressure. This expansion which is determined from the height (distance between the plates) distribution is related to the pressure drop and the seals stiffness by applications of force or moment balance laws on the mobile plate. The seals stiffness parameter (S), Peclet number (Pe), dimensionless inlet height (H-i), and the aspect ratio (epsilon) are found to be the controlling parameters. It is found that flexible thin- film channels with flexible plates produce additional cooling over the cooling effect for those having inflexible plates. The heated plate temperature when plates are flexible is lower than that for the other case by more than 14.8% when Pe epsilon < 1.0 and H-i = 3.0 Moreover, the cooling effect of flexible thin-film channels is found to increase relative to rigid thin-film channels as the S and Pe E decrease. Finally, it is recommended to treat flexible thin-film channels as rigid ones when S-A > 3.45 (inflexible plates case) or S-B > 10 (flexible plates case).

Keywords : Flexible Thin Film Channel; Heat Transfer; Seals; Convection; Stiffness

Authors Khaled, A. -R. A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Engineering Department Thermal Engineering & Desalination Technology Paper Title The role of expandable thermal systems in improving performance of thermal devices Source INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES Volume: 46 Issue: 4 Pages: 413-418 Impact Factor 1.683 ISSN 1290-0729 Publication year 2007

Abstract

In this work, heat transfer through various expandable thermal systems is analyzed theoretically. These systems include single layered expandable insulation system, expandable surfaces like balloons and microchannels supported by flexible seals including both soft seals and flexible complex seals. It is found that heat transfer in expandable thermal insulation decreases as the ratio of the thermal conductivity of the gas to its gas constant (k/R) decreases. Heat convection over expanding spherical surfaces is found to be proportional to (T-s/T-infinity)(2/3)(T-S - T- infinity) rather than (T-S - T-infinity) for rigid spherical surfaces and that flexible microchannels, especially those, supported by flexible complex seals are preferred to be used at lower values of Reynolds number, Prandtl number and aspect ratio with uniform temperature at the inlet. Finally, expandable thermal systems can pave the way for a new class of thermal devices with favorable thermal characteristics.

Keywords : Microchannel; Insulation; Expandable Surfaces; Heat Transfer; Seals

Authors Khaled, A.-R. A.; Vafai, K. E-Mail JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME Volume: 129 Issue: 7 Pages: 813-818 Published: JUL 2007 Faculty Engineering Department Thermal Engineering & Desalination Technology Paper Title Analysis of thermally expandable flexible fluidic thin-film channels Source JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME Volume: 129 Issue: 7 Pages: 813-818 Impact Factor 1.421 ISSN 0022-1481 Publication year 2007

Abstract

Heat transfer inside thermally expandable and flexible fluidic thin-film channels is lyzed in this Work. Two categories are analyzed: the first category is when the upper plate of the thin film is mobile and flexible, and the second is when the side plates of the thin film are flexible and mobile. The expansion in the thin-film heights (category I) or widths (category II) are linearly related to the local fluid pressure and the local temperature of the heated plate based on the principles of linear elasticity and constant volumetric thermal expansion coefficient. The governing Reynolds, momentum, and energy equations are properly nondimensionalized and solved numerically using an implicit method. The Peclet number stiffness parameter thermal expansion parameter and aspect ratio are found to be the main controlling parameters. It is found that thermally expandable flexible thin films that belong to category I can produce significant increase in cooling as the heating load increases, especially when operated at lower Peclet numbers, whereas the cooling effect for those that belong to category II is almost unaffected by the expansion. This work paves the way to practically utilize thermally expandable flexible thin films, especially in MEMS and electronic cooling applications.

Keywords : Thin Films; Heat Transfer; Flexible Plate; Seals; Thermal Expansion; Electronic Cooling; MEMS

Authors Zaki, Galal M.; Jassim, Rahim K.; Alhazmy, Majed M. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Engineering Department Thermal Engineering & Desalination Technology Paper Title Brayton refrigeration cycle for gas turbine inlet air cooling Source INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Volume: 31 Issue: 13 Pages: 1292-1306 Impact Factor 1.016 ISSN 0363-907X Publication year 2007

Abstract In this paper, a new approach to enhance the performance of gas turbines operating in hot climates is investigated. Cooling the intake air at the compressor bell mouth is achieved by an air Brayton refrigerator (reverse Joule Brayton cycle) driven by the gas turbine and uses air as the working fluid. Fraction of the air is extracted from the compressor at an intermediate pressure, cooled and then expands to obtain a cold air stream, which mixes with the ambient intake. Mass and energy balance analysis of the gas turbine and the coupled Brayton refrigerator are performed. Relationships are derived for a simple open gas turbine coupled to Brayton refrigeration cycle, the heat rejected from the cooling cycle can be utilized by an industrial process such as a desalination plant. The performance improvement in terms of power gain ratio (PGR) and thermal efficiency change (TEC) factor is calculated. The results show that for fixed pressure ratio and ambient conditions, power and efficiency improvements are functions of the extraction pressure ratio and the fraction of mass extracted from the air compressor. The performance improvement is calculated for ambient temperature of 45 degrees C and 43.4% relative humidity. The results indicated that the intake temperature could be lowered below the ISO standard with power increase up to 19.58% and appreciable decrease in the thermal efficiency (5.76% of the site value). Additionally, the present approach improved both power gain and thermal efficiency factors if air is extracted at 2 bar which is unlike all other mechanical chilling methods.

Keywords : Gas Turbine; Brayton Cycle; Cooling; Reverse Brayton; Power Enhancement

Authors Murad, Abdulkader A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Environmental Design Department Urban & Reg Planning Paper Title Creating a GIS application for health services at Jeddah city Source COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Volume: 37, Issue: 6 Pages: 879-889 Impact Factor 1.272 ISSN 0010-4825 Publication year 2007

Abstract

This paper explores the possibilities of using GIS for private hospitals at Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. A GIS application is created to cover three main health planning issues which are distribution of health demand, classification of hospital patients and the definition of hospital service area. Each one of these issues is covered using several GIS functions including network analysis and overlay analysis. The former is used to produce drive-time hospital service area and the latter is applied at the selected hospital to calculate the size of its served demand. GIS has several useful functions and tools that can be used in health planning field. This paper uses some of these functions for one private hospital. These functions are used to help health planners on evaluating the spatial distribution of hospital demand and for defining hospital service area. All the produced models can be applied on any private or public hospital in Jeddah city. They can be used to build a spatial decision support system for hospitals in Jeddah city.

Keywords : GIS; Hospital Demand; Network Analysis; Overlay Analysis

Authors Mathey, Emily K.; Derfuss, Tobias; Storch, Maria K.; Williams, Kieran R.; Hales, Kimberly; Woolley, David R.; Al-Hayani, Abdulmonem; Davies, Stephen N.; Rasband, Matthew N.; Olsson, Tomas; Moldenhauer, Anja; Velhin, Sviataslau; Hohlfeld, Reinhard; Meinl, Edgar; Linington, Christopher E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Anatomy Paper Title Neurofascin as a novel target for autoantibody-mediated axonal injury Source JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE, Volume:204, Issue: 10 Pages: 2363-2372 Impact Factor 15.463 ISSN 0022-1007 Publication year 2007

Abstract

Axonal injury is considered the major cause of disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but the underlying effector mechanisms are poorly understood. Starting with a proteomics- based approach, we identified neurofascin- specific autoantibodies in patients with MS. These autoantibodies recognize the native form of the extracellular domains of both neurofascin 186 (NF186), a neuronal protein concentrated in myelinated fibers at nodes of Ranvier, and NF155, the oligodendrocyte- specific isoform of neurofascin. Our in vitro studies with hippocampal slice cultures indicate that neurofascin antibodies inhibit axonal conduction in a complement- dependent manner. To evaluate whether circulating antineurofascin antibodies mediate a pathogenic effect in vivo, we cotransferred these antibodies with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein - specific encephalitogenic T cells to mimic the inflammatory pathology of MS and breach the blood - brain barrier. In this animal model, antibodies to neurofascin selectively targeted nodes of Ranvier, resulting in deposition of complement, axonal injury, and disease exacerbation. Collectively, these results identify a novel mechanism of immune- mediated axonal injury that can contribute to axonal pathology in MS.

Keywords : Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; Progressive Multiple-Sclerosis; Membrane Attack Complex; Demyelinating Disease; Plasma-Exchange; Nitric-Oxide; Rat- Brain; Antibodies; Lesions; Cells

Authors Al-Harthi, Saeed A.; Jamjoom, Manal B. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Medical Parasitology Paper Title Enteroparasitic occurrence in stools from residents in Southwestern region of Saudi Arabia before and during Umrah season Source SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL, Volume:28, Issue:3, Pages: 386-389 Impact Factor 0.396 ISSN 0379-5284 Publication year 2007

Abstract Objectives: Study of the prevalence of human gastrointestinal parasitic infections among patients living in Makkah Al-Mukkarmah city before and during Umrah season. Methods: One hundred eighty three stool samples were collected from patients living in Makkah, between the months of March and November 2005. Eighty were collected before the Umrah season began and 103 were collected during the Umrah season. Age, sex, and address were also recorded. Samples were preserved in 10% formol saline. They were examined using the direct smear technique and the formol ether concentration method. Results: The results suggest a higher prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections (70.5%) among the patients under study. Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar and Giardia lamblia were found to be the most common intestinal parasites among patients before and during Umrah. The infection rate was higher in the under 30 age group (74.8%) and in persons living away from the Holy Masjid (77.7%). The prevalence of intestinal parasitoses during Umrah (73.8%) was higher than that before Umrah (66.3%). Conclusion: The present study suggests that the group of people may underline the significant increase in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections during Umrah season. This highly significant increase of parasitic infection rate (p=0.018) was elicited when results were compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The present data were discussed with previous studies.

Keywords : Intestinal Parasitic Infections; Prevalence; Community; Children; Jeddah; Cryptosporidium; Diarrhea; Riyadh; Abha

Authors Gazzaz, Faten Salah B. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Virology Paper Title Molecular testing of human papillomavirus in cervical specimens Source SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL Volume: 28 Issue: 12 Pages: 1810-1818 Impact Factor 0.396 ISSN 0379-5284 Publication year 2007

Abstract Objectives: To improve the diagnosis of cervical neoplasia by early detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) in uterine cervix, by adding molecular testing of HPV using hybrid capture 2 (HC2) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests to Papanicolaou (Pap) test. Methods: One hundred women were enrolled in this study. The mean age (mean +/- SD) was 41.97 +/- 8.76 years and the range was 27-65 years. All women had undergone cervical cytological screening with cervical cytology, HPV DNA testing by HC2 and PCR, during the period from January - December 2006, at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital (KAAUH) and King Fahd Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Results: The results we obtained by HC2 for detection of HPV were 5 (5%) high-risk HPV, one low-risk HPV (1%) and 94 (94%) negative cases. The PCR detected only 4 (4%) cases. Using the HC2 test as a reference, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, negative predictive values and accuracy of baseline Pap were 50, 85, 17.7, 96.4, and 83%; of final Pap smear were 100, 96.8, 66.7, 100, 97%, and for PCR were 66.7, 100, 100, 97.9, and 98%. The Pap test was repeated within a year for patients with abnormal Pap or negative Pap test with positive HPV DNA. Conclusion: Combined screening by cytology and HPV testing using both HC2 and PCR sensitively detects women with existing disease. The absence of HPV DNA provides reassurance that patients are unlikely to develop cancer for several years. We suggest using Pap with HC2 and PCR in screening programs to ensure that women with the double negative result at baseline might safely be screened at longer intervals.

Keywords : Saudi-Arabia; Western Region; Pap-Smear; Intraepithelial Neoplasia; Women; Cytology; Pattern; Cancer; Lesions; Assay

Authors Ajabnoor, Mohammad A.; El-Naggar, Mostafa M.; Elayat, Ahmed A.; Abdulrafee, Adel E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Clinical Biochemistry Paper Title Functional and morphological study of cultured pancreatic islets treated with cyclosporine Source LIFE SCIENCES Volume: 80 Issue: 4 Pages: 345-355 Impact Factor 2.583 ISSN 0024-3205 Publication year 2007

Abstract

Cyclosporine A (CsA), a potent immunosuppressive drug, has been found to induce glucose intolerance through its toxic effect on the endocrine pancreas. It is not exactly known whether CsA has a direct effect on the endocrine pancreas or induces its effect indirectly. The present study was therefore undertaken to examine the function and morphology of isolated pancreatic islets when they are directly exposed in vitro to CsA. Pancreatic islets were isolated from adult male Lewis rats using collagenase ductal perfusion technique. The islets were separated with the discontinuous Ficoll aradient technique and further purified by hand picking of the non-islet tissue. The islets were cultured in RPMI-1640, pH 7.4 and maintained at 37 degrees C in a humid atmosphere of 5% (v/v) carbon dioxide in air. Cyclosporine was added to the culture medium to give a final concentration of 1 mu g/ml (therapeutic dose), 5 mu g/ml (toxic dose), or vehicle (control). Islets were harvested at 1, 4 and 10 days of culture and processed for functional or histological study. The functional study of the islets cultured with 1 mu g/ml CsA showed insulin and C-peptide contents similar to those of the control islets. The islets cultured with 5 mu g/ml CsA showed a marked decrease in insulin and C-peptide contents. Glucose- dependent insulin release was variable. C-peptide release was lower than that of the control following both the therapeutic and toxic doses of CsA. Phase contrast microscopy showed that the islets cultured with 1 mu g/ml CsA were mostly normal looking with a well-defined regular periphery; a few islets had ill-defined or irregular peripheries. The islets cultured with 5 mu g/ml CsA had ill-defined irregular peripheries at 1 day, and were dense and forming clumps at 4 and 10 days following culture. There was a decrease in the islet number following the therapeutic dose; the decrease was more following the toxic dose of CsA. The islet diameters increased after

87 KAU Publications in ISI Journals the therapeutic dose, but slightly decreased following the toxic dose of CsA. Islets showed a weakly positive immunoperoxidase reaction for insulin.

Keywords : B-cells; C-peptide; Culture; Cyclosporine; Histology; Immunohistochemistry; Insulin; Islets Of Langerhans; Morphology; Pancreas; Rat Al-Nozha, Mansour M.; Abdullah, Moheeb; Arafah, Mohammed K.; Khalil, Mohamed Z.; Khan, Nazeer B.; Al-Mazrou, Yaqoub Y.; Al- Authors Maatouq, Mohammed A.; Al-Marzouki, Khalid; Al-Khadra, Akram; Nouh, Mohammed S.; Al-Harthi, Saad S.; Al-Shahid, Maie S.; Al- Mobeireek, Abdulellah E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Medical Biochemistry Paper Title Hypertension in Saudi Arabia Source SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL, Volume: 28, Issue: 1, Pages: 77-84 Impact Factor 0.396 ISSN 0379-5284 Publication year 2007

Abstract Objectives: To determine the prevalence of hypertension among Saudis of both gender, between the ages of 30-70 years in rural as well as urban communities. This work is part of a major national study on Coronary Artery Disease in Saudis Study (CADISS). Methods: This is a community-based study conducted by examining subjects in the age group of 30-70 years of selected households during a 5-year period between 1995 and 2000 in Saudi Arabia. Data were obtained from history using a validated questionnaire, and examination including measurement of blood pressure. The data were analyzed to provide prevalence of hypertension. Logistic regression was used to develop a risk assessment model for prevalence of hypertension. Results: The total number of subjects included in the study was 17,230. The prevalence of hypertension was 26.1% in crude terms. For males, the prevalence of hypertension was 28.6%, while for females; the prevalence was significantly lower at 23.9% (p < 0.001). The urban population showed significantly higher prevalence of hypertension of 27.9%, compared to rural population's prevalence of 22.4% (p < 0.001). The prevalence of CAD among hypertensive patients was 8.2%, and 4.5% among normotensive subjects (p < 0.001). Increasing weight showed significant increase in prevalence of hypertension in a linear relationship.Conclusions: Hypertension is increasing in prevalence in KSA affecting more than one fourth of the adult Saudi population. We recommend aggressive management of hypertension as well as screening of adults for hypertension early to prevent its damaging consequences if left untreated. Public

health awareness of simple measures, such as low salt diet, exercise, and avoiding obesity, to maintain normal arterial blood pressure need to be implemented by health care providers.

Keywords : Risk-Factors; Blood-Pressure; Life-Style; Prevalence; Awareness; Population; Sodium; Trends; Diet; Epidemiology

Authors Ardawi, Mohammed-Salleh M.; Nasrat, Hasan A.; Rouzi, Abdulrahim A.; Qari, Mohammed H.; Al-Qahtani, Mohammed H.; Abuzenadah, Adel M. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Clinical Biochemistry Paper Title Maternal serum free-beta-chorionic gonadotrophin, pregnancy- associated plasma protein-A and fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10-13(+6) weeks in relation to co-variables in pregnant Saudi women Source PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS Volume: 27 Issue: 4 Pages: 303-311 Impact Factor 1.596 ISSN 0197-3851 Publication year 2007

Abstract Objective To establish normative values and distribution parameters of first-trimester screening markers, namely, fetal nuchal translucency (NT), maternal serum free beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), at 10 to 13(+6) weeks of gestation in Saudi women and to evaluate the effect of co-variables including maternal body weight, gravidity, parity, fetal gender, twin pregnancy, smoking and ethnicity on these markers. Methods A cohort of Saudi women (first cohort n = 1616) with singleton pregnancies prospectively participated in the present study, and fetal NT together with maternal serum free beta-hCG and PAPP-A were determined at 10 to 13(+6) weeks of gestation. The distribution of gestational age-independent multiples of the median (MoM) of the parameters was defined and normative values were established, and correction for maternal body weight was made accordingly. The influence of various co-variables was examined using the data collected from the first and the second (n = 1849) cohorts of women and 62 twin pregnancies, and compared with other studies. MoM values (body weight-corrected) of free beta-hCG were 25.2% higher in Africans and 19.4% higher in Orientals but 6.8% lower in other Arabian and Asian (by 5.8%) women as compared to Saudi women (P < 0.05; in each case). Conclusions The normative values and distribution parameters for fetal NT, maternal serum free beta-hCG and PAPP-A were

established in Saudi singleton pregnancies, the maternal body weight together with smoking, twin pregnancy and ethnicity being important first-trimester screening co-variables. Gravidity, parity and fetal gender are also considered to influence one or more of the first-trimester markers examined.

Keywords : First Trimester; Fetal Nuchal Translucency; Maternal Serum Screening; Co- Variables

Authors Rahimuddin, Sawsan A.; Khoja, Samir M.; Zuhair, Marzoki M.; Howell, Nazlin K.; Brown, Jonathan E. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Biomedical & Molecular Sciences Paper Title Inhibition of lipid peroxidation in UVA-treated skin fibroblasts by luteolin and its glucosides Source EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Volume: 109 Issue: 7 Pages: 647-655 Impact Factor 1.354 ISSN 1438-7697 Publication year 2007

Abstract

Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation causes oxidative damage to human skin cells. This damage may be reduced or prevented using plant compounds as photoprotectants. To investigate the relationship between chemical structure and UVA-protective activity, three structurally related flavonoids, namely luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside (both present in artichoke) and luteolin-4'- O-glucoside (present in wild carrot), were studied. Human skin fibroblasts exposed to UVA (250 and 500 kJ/m(2)) were treated with each flavonoid (30 mu M) for 18 h prior to irradiation. The extent of lipid peroxidation in the cellular extracts was assessed as lipid peroxides and malondialdehyde (MDA). Luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside both prevented a significant increase in lipid peroxides at 250 kJ/m(2), but at 500 kJ/m(2) their effectiveness was clearly attenuated. Contrastingly, luteolin-4'-O-glucoside was pro-oxidant at both radiation doses. Measurements of MDA levels highlighted that luteolin was clearly more effective than the two glucosides at both 250 and 500 kj/m(2). Overall, these results show clear differences between the three flavonoids and suggest that the B ring 3',4'-dihydroxy group, lacking in luteolin-4'-O- glucoside, may be particularly important. Flavonoid: transition metal ion chelation studies confirmed the influence of the 3',4'-dihydroxy group, which is also relevant to the quenching of singlet oxygen. These features as well as the greater lipophilic nature of luteolin together

90 KAU Publications in ISI Journals explain the superior activity of this flavonoid which may be potentially useful as a supplement in photoprotective skin preparations.

Keywords : Lipid Peroxidation; Flavonoid; Metal Chelation; Flavonoid Glucosides; Ultraviolet

Authors Mahmoud, Mohamed E.; Haggag, Sawsan S.; Abdel-Fattah, Tarek M. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Medical Chemistry Paper Title Synthesis characterization and metal chelating properties of silica- physisorbed and chemisorbed-2,5-dioxypiperazine Source POLYHEDRON Volume: 26 Issue: 14 Pages: 3956-3962 Impact Factor 1.801 ISSN 0277-5387 Publication year 2007

Abstract 2,5-Dioxypiperazine (DOPZ) was covalenty bonded as a chelating compound to chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (Si-Cl) for the formation of a new chemisorbed silica [Si-(CH2) (3)-DOPZ]. Physisorbed silica-loaded-2,5-dioxypiperazine [Si-DOPZ] was also synthesized via a physical adsorption approach. Elucidation of the chemisorption and physisorption of 2,5- dioxypiperazine onto silica was confirmed on the basis of 70 eV electron impact mass spectrometric (70 eV EI-MS) mode of ionization via a direct insertion probe (DIP) as a promising technique for providing characteristic fragment ion peaks. The metal probe testing method and elemental analysis were applied to determine the surface coverage values and these were found to be 0.179 and 0.160 mmol g(-1) for [Si-(CH2)(3)-DOPZ] and 0.251 mmol g(-1) for [Si-DOPZ]. [Si-(CH2)(3)-DOPZ] was characterized by high stability in acidic and buffer solutions, pH 1-7, compared to [Si-DOPZ]. Differential scanning calorimetry studies (DSC) for the modified silica were performed to evaluate the various thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the thermal degradation processes, and these have been enumerated. The results obtained by both EI-MS and DSC are very similar in many respects. Metal chelation and stoichiometric properties of chemically modified silica were evaluated on the basis of the metal binding capacity, distribution coefficient and separation factor for a series of metal ions. The evaluated results refer to the high metal chelating properties of [Si-(CH2)(3)-DOPZ] for cadmium(II), lead(II) copper(II) and mercury(II). These four [Si-(CH2)(3)-DOPZ]-metal

complexes were also synthesized and the identified stoichiometric ratios were found to be 1:2 based on the nitrogen and metal analysis. EI-MS via 70-eV ionization was also used as a potential method for further confirmation of the metal complex formation based on structure and fragmentation elucidation. DSC studies of these four metal complexes were also performed and evaluated.

Keywords : Chemisorption; Physisorption; Silica; 2,5-Dioxypiperazine; EI-MS; DSC

Authors Ardawi, M. S. M.; Nasrat, H. A.; Rouzi, A. A.; Qari, M. H.; Al- Qahtani, M. H.; Abuzenadah, A. M. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Clinical Biochemistry Paper Title The effect of cigarette or sheesha smoking on first-trimester markers of Down syndrome Source BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY Volume: 114 Issue: 11 Pages: 1397-1401 Impact Factor 3.101 ISSN 1470-0328 Publication year 2007

Abstract Objective To investigate the influence of cigarette or sheesha smoking on first-trimester markers of Down syndrome. Design A prospective observational study. Setting Primary care centres and antenatal clinics of Maternity and Children Hospital, King Abdulaziz University Hospital and New Jeddah Clinic Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Population Women with a singleton pregnancy who were either nonsmokers (n= 1736) or cigarette smokers (n = 420) or sheesha smokers (n = 181). Methods Fetal nuchal translucency thickness (fetal NT), maternal serum free beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (free beta-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein- A (PAPP-A) were measured at 11 weeks 0 days to 13 weeks 6 days of gestation in all women. Women were grouped according to smoking status, confirmed by maternal serum cotinine measurements, and analyte levels between groups were compared. Main outcome measures Fetal NT, maternal serum free beta-hCG, PAPP-A and cotinine measurements. Results Compared with nonsmoking women, fetal NT was significantly increased and free beta- hCG and PAPP-A levels were significantly decreased in both cigarette and sheesha smokers. There were significant relationships between all three markers and the number of sheeshas consumed per day.

Conclusions Cigarette and sheesha smoking significantly affect first-trimester markers of Down syndrome (fetal NT, free beta-hCG and PAPP-A). Correction for this effect in women who smoke might improve the effectiveness of first-trimester screening for Down syndrome in these women. The underlying mechanism(s) relating smoking to the changes in first-trimester markers require further studies.

Keywords : Cigarette; Fetal NT; First-Trimester; Free Beta-Hcg; PAPP-A; Sheesha; Smoking

Authors Alissa, Ernan M.; Ahmed, W. H.; Al-Ama, N.; Ferns, Gordon A. A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Clinical Biochemistry Paper Title Relationship between indices of iron status and coronary risk factors including diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in Saudi subjects without overt coronary disease Source JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY, Volume: 21 Issue: 4 Pages: 242-254 Impact Factor 1.433 ISSN 0946-672X Publication year 2007

Abstract There have been inconsistent reports on the relationship between iron status and coronary artery diseases (CAD), and little data on this relationship in non-Caucasian populations. We assessed dietary iron by questionnaire and measured serum iron and ferritin levels in 270 Saudi male subjects without established CAD, 130 of whom were angiogram negative. Serum lipid profile, glucose, high sensitivity-C reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (sICAM-1), and caeruloplasmin were measured in all subjects. The angiogram negative patients, had lower serum ferritin (p<0.05) and iron (p<0.0001) levels than the 140 subjects without reported cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Serum iron correlated with serum triglycerides (p < 0.0001) and total cholesterol (p<0.05) levels for this latter group and the groups combined. Serum ferritin correlated with serum total cholesterol and low- density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol in the combined group (p<0.05), and was correlated with blood glucose and serum LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) in the subjects without reported CVD. After adjustment for confounding variables, serum iron levels remained a significant correlate with total calorie intake and serum triglycerides. Serum ferritin also correlated significantly with

cholesterol intake and fasting serum total cholesterol. Dietary iron was significantly related to dietary cholesterol and fiber, age, smoking habits, and serum total cholesterol level. Hence, indices of iron status were related to several coronary risk factors in the Saudi population.

Keywords : Ferritin; Saudi Arabia; Coronary Risk Factors; Metabolic Syndrome; Diabetes Mellitus

Authors Faidallah, Hassan M.; Al-Saadi, Mohammed S.; Rostom, Sherif A. F.; Fahmy, Hesham T. Y. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Medical Chemistry Paper Title Synthesis of some sulfonamides, disubstituted sulfonylureas or thioureas and some structurally related variants. A class of promising antitumor agents Source MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY RESEARCH Volume: 16 Issue: 6 Pages: 300-318 Impact Factor 0.731 ISSN 1054-2523 Publication year 2007

Abstract Some new benzenesulfonamides, disubstituted sulfonylureas, and sulfonylthioureas substituted basically with 3-(2-thienyl or 3-pyridyl)-indeno[1,2-c]pyrazol(in)e counterpart were synthesized to be evaluated for their in vitro antitumor activity. Some of the thioureido derivatives were cyclized to the corresponding five-membered thiazolidinons, thiazolines, and the six-membered thiazinones as interesting structure variants. According to the protocol of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in vitro disease-oriented human cells screening panel assay, 13 compounds showed promising broad spectrum antitumor activity. In general, compounds containing the thienyl moiety displayed better antitumor spectra than those containing the pyridyl moiety. Compound 5, 4-(3-(2-thienyl)-3H-indeno[1,2-c]pyrazol-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide [GI(50), TGI, and LC50 (MG-MID) values of 13.2, 33.1 and 69.2 mu M, respectively] proved to be the most active member in this study with variable degrees of potencies against all the tested subpanel tumor cell lines and particular effectiveness against the leukemia and prostate

subpanels at both the GI(50) (3.30 and 8.68 mu M, respectively) and the TGI levels (15.7 and 22.3 mu M, respectively).

Keywords : Carbonic-Anhydrase Inhibitors; National-Cancer-Institute; In-Vitro; Potential Antitumor; Cell-Lines; Tubulin Inhibitors; Drug Discovery; Ring-Systems; Analogs; Derivatives

Authors Abdullah, Layla S. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Pathology Paper Title Pattern of abnormal Pap smears in developing countries: A report from a large referral hospital in Saudi Arabia using the revised 2001 Bethesda System Source ANNALS OF SAUDI MEDICINE Volume: 27 Issue: 4 Pages: 268-272 Impact Factor 0.600 ISSN 0256-4947 Publication year 2007

Abstract BACKGROUND: Reports describing the frequency and pattern of abnormal Pap smears in developing countries using the revised Bethesda system for Pap smear are few. We studied the pattern of cervical intraepithelial lesions and carcinoma detected in Pap smears of Saudi females in the western region of Saudi Arabia using the revised system. METHODS: All cervical Pap smears reported in the Department of Pathology of King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, from I January 1998 to 31 August 2005 were reclassified according to the revised system with age ranges identified. RESULTS: Of 5590 sufficient smears, 261 (5%) were identified as abnormal and were further classified as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) (103 cases, 40%), atypical squamous cells of high grade (6 cases, 2%), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) (56 cases, 22%), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) (31 cases, 12%), glandular cell abnormalities (30 cases, 11%) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (21 cases,

9%). The ASC-US/SIL ratio was 1.9%. Invasive adenocarcinoma accounted for 14 cases (4%) with a similar age range as invasive squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Although this study showed a lower incidence and a wider age range of cervical epithelial cell abnormalities than others published internationally, the results emphasize the need for a well-organized cervical screening program supplemented by larger national studies on the pattern of cervical abnormalities in this country. The information provided in this study will encourage use of the Pap smear as a screening method for cervical cancer in developing countries.

Keywords : Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia; Human-Papillomavirus; Western Region; Cytology; Cancer; Prevalence; Management; Cells; Women

Authors Al-Zahrani, Ibrahim H.; Qayyum, Azhar E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Pathology Paper Title Lupus nephritis - Clinicopathological correlation Source SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL Volume: 28 Issue: 10 Pages: 1503-1505 Impact Factor 0.396 ISSN 0379-5284 Publication year 2007

Abstract Objectives: To classify all renal biopsies of lupus nephritis patients presenting in the last 10 years, according to the modified World Health Organization (WHO) classification using the facilities of light, fluorescent, and electron microscopy. To assess the activity and chronicity indices of renal biopsies according to the National Institute of Health protocol, and to correlate the histological findings with the clinical features of the patients presented up to the time of biopsy. Methods: Seventy-eight patients with lupus nephritis, biopsied over 10 years between January 1995 to December 2005 in King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were reviewed by 2 histopathologists with the assistance of a nephrologist. Results: The predominant histological type was WHO class IV. Patients of this class were more commonly associated with microhematuria, elevated proteinuria, and renal insufficiency. Active and chronic lesions were more likely to occur in patients of class III/IV. These patients

were also more likely to have evidence of clinical renal disease than patients in class II. There was a significant association between nephrotic syndrome and class V lupus nephritis. Conclusion: Although the clinical and pathological correlation demonstrated a significant relationship between underlying histopathology and the clinical course of the patient, however, the biopsy findings did not uniformly correlate with the clinical features. Moreover, the status prediction of lupus nephritis patients based on clinical information alone was significantly enhanced by information obtained from renal biopsy.

Keywords : Renal Biopsy; Erythematosus; Children; Childhood

Authors Bakhsh, Talal M. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Surgery Paper Title Results of unicompartmental knee replacement Source SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL Volume: 28 Issue: 7 Pages: 1062- 1064 Impact Factor 0.396 ISSN 0379-5284 Publication year 2007

Abstract Objective: To present the results of medial unicompartmental knee replacement of patients admitted at a university Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Of the 99 patients who received media] hemiarthroplasty of the knee since 1989 to 2005, 90 patients (132 operations) with a minimum follow up of one year were evaluated at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital in Jeddah. Only one patient (2 prostheses) was lost for follow up. Eleven patients (11 prostheses) died after an average time of 108.5 months (36-180 months). Scores were registered according to the Knee Society Clinical Rating System. Results: There was a significant improvement in all functional scores postoperatively throughout the follow up period. One patient developed symptomatic deep vein thrombosis in the calf of the operated leg. There were no other perioperative complications. Twelve patients (14 prostheses) underwent conversion to total knee replacement due to either aseptic loosening

of the tibial component (I prosthesis) or polyethylene wear (3 prostheses) or progression of degenerative disease in the lateral compartment (7 prostheses). Two of these 12 patients (3 prostheses) were operated on at another hospital and no information on the reason for operation is available. Conclusion: Unicompartmental knee replacement can be used successfully for the treatment of medial gonarthrosis. Given the proper patient's selection and technical expertise, hemiarthroplasty can give results comparable to or even better than high tibial osteotomy or total knee replacement.

Keywords : Follow-Up; Arthroplasty; Prosthesis; Osteoarthritis; Gonarthrosis; Arthritis

Authors Heller, T.; Ahmed, M.; Siddiqqi, A. Wallrauch, C.; Bahlas, S. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Internal Medicine Paper Title Systemic lupus erythematosus in Saudi Arabia: morbidity and mortality in a multiethnic population Source LUPUS Volume: 16 Issue: 11 Pages: 908-914 Impact Factor 2.244 ISSN 0961-2033 Publication year 2007

Abstract The objective of this study is to summarize the features of patients with Lupus erythematosus in Saudi Arabia. Racial differences of patients and predictors of mortality are assessed. Ninety- three patients treated for SLE at the University Hospital in Jeddah were reviewed. Frequencies of clinical manifestations, causes of admission and causes of death were analysed. Variables predicting mortality were assessed by logistic regression and survival probabilities were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The most frequent presenting symptoms were arthritis (68%) and fever (58%). Renal involvement was seen in 61% of patients. The majority of patients (61%) showed ANA titers higher than 1:1280. C4 levels were significantly lower in patients who died during the observation period than in survivors. The overall five-year survival rate was 92%. Variables predicting early death (<2 years after diagnosis) were young age at

98 KAU Publications in ISI Journals diagnosis, male sex and skin involvement. Death after more than two years correlated with older age at diagnosis and renal involvement. Patients of African descent had higher rates of neurological involvement and renal failure. The mortality in this group was highest, though this was not statistically significant. The overall survival in our cohort compares with mortality rates reported from western countries. However, renal disease tends to be common and has a severe prognosis, and thus merits additional attention.

Keywords : Arab; Mortality; Race; SLE

Authors Jan, Mohammed M. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Pediatrics Paper Title Potentially serious Lamotrigine-related skin rash Source NEUROSCIENCES Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 17-20 Impact Factor 0 ISSN 1319-6138 Publication year 2007

Abstract Objective: To report our experience with lamotrigine (LTG)-related skin rash in children with epilepsy. Methods: We identified a series of consecutive children with epilepsy treated with LTG prospectively over a 5-year period ending 1st October 2005 at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital and King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Results: Of 207 children on LTG, 15 (7.2%) developed a skin rash with ages ranging between 3-12 years (mean 7.5). We used LTG as monotherapy in 3/15 and as add on in 12/15, mostly (10/15) in addition to valproic acid (VPA). The rash was mild with complete recovery in 7 children (47%). The remaining 8 (3.9% of the total) had severe rash that necessitated admission

to hospital. Seven out of these 8 children were also receiving VPA. One child had superimposed secondary bacterial infection and admitted for intravenous antibiotics. Two children recovered slowly with extensive post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. We diagnosed Stevens-Johnson syndrome in 5 children (2.4% of the total). One of these 5 children had progressive symptoms that evolved to toxic epidermal necrolysis. He required prolonged intensive care admission and developed sepsis with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. He deteriorated despite supportive therapy, and died 5 weeks after the initiation of LTG therapy. Conclusions: Lamotrigine is a novel antiepileptic drug with a favorable therapeutic profile and good tolerability. However, LTG-related skin rash is a potentially serious adverse event that should be carefully monitored. Although the risk is small, one should weigh this against the potential benefits, particularly in children on VTA.

Keywords : Stevens-Johnson-Syndrome; Epilepsy; Children; Adults

Authors Siddiqui, Aisha M.; Kamfar, Hayat Z. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Pediatrics Paper Title Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency rickets in adolescent school girls in Western region, Saudi Arabia Source SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL,Volume:28, Issue: 3, Pages: 441-444 Impact Factor 0.396 ISSN 0379-5284 Publication year 2007

Abstract Objectives: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency rickets among female adolescents and assess its relation to calcium intake and sun exposure. Methods: Four hundred and thirty-three school girls between 12-15 years old were selected randomly from different schools in Jeddah, between October 2003 - February 2004. We identified symptoms of rickets and determined the dietary habits and sun exposure habits, and laboratory investigations were also carried out. Results: It was found that, out of 433 cases, 350 (81%) had low vitamin D levels. Approximately 40% had very low levels of vitamin D and 61% were asymptomatic. Most of

the symptoms were non specific. There was a positive correlation between low calcium in the diet and less sun exposure to low levels of vitamin D. Approximately 96% had normal serum phosphate, 89% had normal serum calcium, and 40% had normal serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is common among adolescent females in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Cases are missed due to lack of symptoms in most cases and normal bone chemistry. Serum vitamin D level should be carried out in suspected cases. Health and nutritional education should be encouraged in schools. Focusing on the importance of adequate milk intake and sun exposure should be given a priority in any health education program.

Keywords : Symptomatic Rickets; Seasonal-Variations; D Insufficiency; Sunny Country; Children; Females; Osteoporosis; Osteomalacia; Common; Spine

Authors Alamoudi, Omer S. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Medical Parasitology Paper Title Bacterial infection and risk factors in outpatients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A 2-year prospective study Source RESPIROLOGY Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 283-287 Impact Factor 1.849 ISSN 1323-7799 Publication year 2007

Abstract Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are commonly observed in community-based patients worldwide. The factors causing exacerbation are largely unknown. This study was undertaken to determine the predominant bacterial pathogens cultured from sputum in community-based patients with AECOPD, to assess the risk factors associated with exacerbations and to compare these findings with published studies.

Forty-five patients with stable COPD were prospectively followed in the outpatients' clinic of King Abdulaziz University Hospital. At the first visit, personal data, CXR and measurement of baseline PEF were obtained from each patient. In the subsequent visits, sputum culture and CXR were carried out during exacerbations. Over a period of 24 months, patients made a total of 139 visits for exacerbations, and 69.8% had a positive sputum culture for a single pathogen. Moraxella catarrhalis (25.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.2%) and Haemophilus influenzae (11.5%) were the most common isolated organisms. Patients with a lower level of baseline PEF had a significantly increased frequency of exacerbations (r = 0.337, P = 0.024). However, there was a weak correlation between exacerbation frequency and duration of COPD and exposure to cigarette smoking. There was a higher incidence of Moraxella catarrhalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa than reported in previous studies. These findings should influence antibiotic selection for exacerbations. COPD patients with a low baseline PEF are at a higher risk of having repeated exacerbations and gram-negative pathogens.

Keywords : Acute Exacerbation; AECOPD; Bacterial Culture; COPD; Risk Factor; Saudi Arabia

Authors Jan, Mohammed M. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Pediatrics Paper Title An unusual case of isolated trochlear nerve palsy Source NEUROSCIENCES Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 149-151 Impact Factor 0 ISSN 1319-6138 Publication year 2007

Abstract

Trochlear nerve palsy is rarely encountered in children and only 5% are truly isolated. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is also extremely uncommon in children. This report describes an otherwise healthy 10-year-old boy who presented with a 5-day history of vertical diplopia with associated dizziness, decreased appetite, and unsteadiness. He had no recent history of infection and no previous history of neurological symptoms. Ophthalmologic assessment revealed full ocular ductions and right hyperdeviation in primary gaze during alternate cover test. This

102 KAU Publications in ISI Journals hyperdeviation increased during left gaze, and right head tilt consistent with paresis of the right oblique muscle. Brain MRI revealed multiple well-defined hyperintense T2 lesions in the periventricular and subcortical white matter, and brainstem, suggestive of MS. His symptoms resolved after 2 weeks with no treatment. To conclude, isolated trochlear nerve palsy can be the initial clinical manifestation of childhood MS. Long term follow up is needed to confirm the diagnosis of MS.

Keywords : Multiple-Sclerosis; Childhood

Authors Fida, Nadia M.; Ai-Aama, Jumana; Nichols, Waaa; Alqahtani, Mohamed E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Pediatrics Paper Title A prospective study of congenital malformations among live born neonates at a University Hospital in Western Saudi Arabia Source SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL Volume: 28 Issue: 9 Pages: 1367- 1373 Impact Factor 0.396 ISSN 0379-5284 Publication year 2007

Abstract

Objective: To estimate the incidence of major and minor congenital malformations among liveborn infants at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Estimation of risk factors were also evaluated. Methods: Between March 2004 and May 2005, a total of 5356 babies born at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, were enrolled in this study for malformations. Details of cases were recorded after parents' interviews, clinical, radiological, and laboratory evaluations. Results: One hundred and forty-seven (27.06/1000 livebirth) and 13 (2.39/1000 birth) stillbirth had congenital anomalies. In all livebirth, incidences of major anomalies were 93.9% and minor were 6.1%. Mothers of 95.9% with congenital malformation were healthy, 3.4% were diabetic and 0.7% had cardiac malfomation. In 38.8% of cases parents were consanguineous. Among the liveborn births, the most common system involved was cardiovascular (7.1/1000), followed by musculoskeletal/limb (4.1/1000), external genitalia (2.8/1000), urinary (2.6/1000), multiple chromosomal (2.2/1000), orofacial (1.9/1000), central nervous system (1.9/1000), skin (1.7/1000), multiple single gene (1.3/1000), multiple sequence (0.75/1000), eyes (0.56/1000), unclassified (0.19/1000), musculoskeletal/abdominal (0.19/ 1000), endocrine (0.19/ 1000). Conclusion: High incidence of major malformation in Jeddah. Importance of Genetic Counseling is revealed in our study since more than three quarters of mothers were under 36 years, and may well plan future pregnancies.

Keywords : Neural-Tube Defects; Prenatal-Diagnosis; Birth-Defects; Parental Consanguinity; Consecutive Births; Heart-Disease; Emirates Uae; Prevalence; Anomalies; Population

Authors Safdar, Osama Y.; Al-Dabbagh, Amal A.; AbuElieneen, Wafa A.; Kari, Jameela A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Pediatrics Paper Title Decline in the incidence of neural tube defects after the national fortification of flour (1997-2005) Source SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL Volume: 28 Issue: 8 Pages: 1227- 1229 Impact Factor 0.396 ISSN 0379-5284 Publication year 2007

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of flour fortification with folic acid on the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in babies. We also report the pattern of NTDs, and we compare it with those reported previously. Methods: All babies who were born with NTDs at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between 1997 and 2005 were included in the study. The incidence of NTDs was compared between the eras before flour fortification (1997-2000) and the eras after fortification. Results: We have observed a decline in NTD incidence in the last decade from 1.9/1000 live births (1997-2000) to 0.76/1000 live births (2001-2005). Forty-two babies were born with NTDs with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. Sixty percent received folic acid during pregnancy, but none pre-conception. Eighty-three percent of the cases had myelomeningocele (MMC), 12% had encephalocele, 2.5% had meningocele, and another 2.5% had anencephaly. Ninety- one percent of MMC patients had severe physical disability. Thirty-two children (91%) had hydrocephalus, which required shunting in the neonatal period and 22 children (63%) had clubfeet. Conclusion: After folic acid flour fortification, there was an apparent decline in the incidence of NTDs in babies born at KAUH. However, the incidence is still high and associated with serious morbidity. This stresses the need for innovative programs to increase folic acid consumption by women of childbearing age, to reduce NTDs.

Keywords : Folic-Acid Fortification; Saudi-Arabia; Prevention; Supplementation; Prevalence; Region; Risk

Authors Jan, Mohammed M. S. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Pediatric Neurology Paper Title Neurological examination of difficult and poorly cooperative children Source JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY Volume: 22 Issue: 10 Pages: 1209-1213 Impact Factor 1.433 ISSN 0883-0738 Publication year 2007

Abstract

Many physicians consider examining the nervous system as one of the most difficult parts of the physical examination. Difficult and poorly cooperative children remain the most challenging group to examine accurately and completely. In this situation, the physician becomes less confident about the neurological findings and clinical evaluation. Several factors are predictive of difficult behavior during the evaluation, including anxiety when meeting unfamiliar people, short time to adjust to the medical situation, previous hospitalization, fear of injections, and parental anxiety. Limited neurological literature addresses the issues relating to the examination of difficult and poorly cooperative children. In this review, some practical tips and techniques are presented that can be used to improve the likelihood of obtaining accurate information about the neurological status of young and difficult children. Certainly, repeated examinations and experience play an important role; however, solid knowledge, strong communication skills, accurate observational skills, and use of proper techniques are crucial for eliciting and interpreting neurological signs in difficult children. Finally, a patient and empathetic physician and supportive guiding parents are needed for a successful neurological assessment.

Keywords : Neurologic Examination

Authors Yamani-Zamzami, Tarik Y. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Obstetrics & Gynaecology Paper Title Delivery outcomes at term after one previous cesarean section Source SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL Volume: 28 Issue: 12 Pages: 1845-1849 Impact Factor 0.396 ISSN 0379-5284 Publication year 2007

Abstract

Objective: To determine the maternal and perinatal outcomes at term in women with one previous cesarean delivery and with no history of vaginal birth. Methods: This is a case-control study conducted at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2002. One hundred sixty-two women with one previous cesarean delivery and with no previous vaginal birth were compared with 324 control women. Results: The cesarean section rate was higher in the study group 40 (24.7%) versus 23 (7.1%) in the control group and was statistically significant (p<0.001). Seventeen (10.5%) were induced with prostaglandin E2, and 33 (20.4%) required labor augmentation with oxytocin in the study, versus 22 (6.8%) and 21 (6.5%) in the control group. The duration of labor was longer in the study women compared to the control group (7.6 +/- 3.0 hours versus 6.0 +/- 2.3 hours), and this was statistically significant (p<0.001). There was one uterine dehiscence, and 2 uterine ruptures in the study women, and none in the control group. Eight (1.65%) women had postpartum hemorrhage, 3 (0.62%) needed blood transfusion, and 7 (1.44%) developed postpartum pyrexia. Conclusion: Women with no a prior history of vaginal delivery are considered less favorable, the vaginal birth after cesarean section success rate may be even lower if the indication for previous primary cesarean delivery was failure to progress, and may be associated with increased risk of uterine rupture. Further study is required to confirm our findings.

Keywords : Previous Vaginal Delivery; Uterine Rupture; Trial; Labor; Birth; Success; Women; Risk

Authors Madani, Tariq A.; Ghabrah, Tawfik M.; Albarrak, Ali M.; Alhazmi, Mohammad A.; Alazraqi, Tarik A.; Althaqafi, Abdulahakeem O.; Ishaq, Abdulrahman H. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Family & Community Medicine Paper Title Causes of admission to intensive care units in the Hajj period of the Islamic year 1424 (2004) Source ANNALS OF SAUDI MEDICINE Volume: 27 Issue: 2 Pages: 101-105 Impact Factor 0.600 ISSN 0256-4947 Publication year 2007

Abstract Background: Approximately 2 to 3 million pilgrims perform Hajj every year. We describe the pattern of diseases, complications, and outcome of pilgrims who required admission to intensive care units (ICUs) during the Hajj period of the Islamic year 1424 (2004). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of all patients admitted to 104 ICU beds in four hospitals in Mena and three hospitals in Arafat during the Hajj. Results: Of 140 patients admitted to ICUs, 75 (54%) patients were older than 60 years. The risk of complications and death increased with age, with the highest risk noticed among pilgrims older than 80 years. Ninety-four (67.6%) patients were men. Eighty-nine (63.6%) patienis were admitted with cardiovascular diseases and 37 (26.4%) patients with infections. Myocardial infarction (25%) and pneumonia (22%) were the most common admitting diagnoses. Trauma accounted for only 6.4% (9 patients) of admissions. Sixty-three (45.0%) patients recovered and were discharged or transferred to hospital wards in stable condition, 40 (28.6%) were transferred to tertiary care centers for specialized services, 21 (15.0%) were transferred to tertiary care centers after closure of the temporary hospitals in Mena and Arafat, 15 (10.7%) patients died, and one (0.7%) patient was discharged against medical advice. Conclusion: This study revealed information on the pattern of diseases and the most common causes of admission of pilgrims to ICUs and the required medical services during Hajj. It is hoped that this information will be of help to health care planners and officials to provide optimal and cost effective health, care services to pilgrims in Hajj.

Keywords : Saudi-Arabia; Pilgrimage

Authors Madani, Tariq A.; Ghabrah, Tawfik M. E-Mail [email protected], [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Family & Community Medicine Paper Title Meningococcal, influenza virus, and hepatitis B virus vaccination coverage level among health care workers in Hajj Source BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES Volume: 7 Article Number: 80 Impact Factor 2.536 ISSN 1471-2334 Publication year 2007

Abstract Background: The objective of this study was to assess the compliance of health care workers (HCWs) employed in Hajj in receiving the meningococcal, influenza, and hepatitis B vaccines. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of doctors and nurses working in all Mena and Arafat hospitals and primary health care centers who attended Hajj-medicine training programs immediately before the beginning of Hajj of the lunar Islamic year 1423 (2003) using self- administered structured questionnaire which included demographic data and data on vaccination history. Results: A total of 392 HCWs were studied including 215 (54.8%) nurses and 177 (45.2%) doctors. One hundred and sixty four (41.8%) HCWs were from Makkah and the rest were recruited from other regions in Saudi Arabia. Three hundred and twenty three (82.4%) HCWs received the quadrivalent (ACYW135) meningococcal meningitis vaccine with 271 (83.9%) HCWs receiving it at least 2 weeks before coming to Hajj, whereas the remaining 52 (16.1%) HCWs received it within < 2 weeks. Only 23 (5.9%) HCWs received the current year's influenza virus vaccine. Two hundred and sixty (66.3%) of HCWs received the three-dose hepatitis B vaccine series, 19.3% received one or two doses, and 14.3% did not receive any dose. There was no statistically significant difference in compliance with the three vaccines between doctors and nurses. Conclusion: The meningococcal and hepatitis B vaccination coverage level among HCWs in Hajj was suboptimal and the influenza vaccination level was notably low. Strategies to improve vaccination coverage among HCWs should be adopted by all health care facilities in Saudi Arabia.

Keywords : Saudi-Arabia; Risk-Factors; C Virus; Infection; Personnel; Immunization; Population; Prevention; Epidemic; Rates

Authors Ghabrah, Tawfik M.; Madani, Tariq A.; Albarrak, Ali M.; Alhazmi, Mohammad A.; Alazraqi, Tarik A.; Alhudaithi, Mugbil A.; Ishaq, Abdulrahman H. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Family & Community medicine Paper Title Assessment of infection control knowledge, attitude and practice among healthcare workers during the Hajj period of the Islamic year 1423 (2003) Source SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Volume: 39 Issue: 11-12 Pages: 1018-1024

Impact Factor 1.678 ISSN 0036-5548 Publication year 2007

Abstract We assessed hospital infection control knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of healthcare workers (HCWs) during the Hajj season of the Islamic y 1423 (2003). A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. A total of 392 HCWs was studied, of whom 215 (54.8%) were nurses and 177 (45.2%) were doctors. 315 (80.4%) HCWs worked in hospitals, whereas 77 (19.6%) worked in primary healthcare centres. Of the 392 HCWs, 164 (41.8%) were from Makkah, and the remaining 228 (58.2%) were recruited from other regions in Saudi Arabia. A good proportion (81.8%) of HCWs correctly answered at least 5 of the 11 knowledge statements. However, obvious deficiency of knowledge appeared concerning other important hospital infection control measures. A smaller proportion (61.9%) of HCWs achieved a score of at least 4 out of 7 for attitude statements with unacceptable attitude for the remaining 3 areas. Response to questions concerning practice showed that nurses tended to be better than doctors (p-value=0.204), but both groups reported variable compliance to hospital infection control practices in terms of strict or near-strict adherence. In conclusion, training of HCWs is needed to improve KAP in infection control.

Keywords : Hospitals

Authors Charrel, Remi N.; Fagbo, Shamsudeen; Moureau, Gregory; Alqahtani, Mohammad Hussain; Temmam, Sarah; de Lamballerie, Xavier E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Hematology Paper Title Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus in Ornithodoros savignyi ticks Source EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 153-155 Impact Factor 6.449

ISSN 1080-6040 Publication year 2007

Abstract

Evidence for the tickborne nature of Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV) is indirect because AHFV has not been detected in arthropods. One Omithodoros savignyi tick from Saudi Arabia contained AHFV RNA. This is the first direct evidence that AHFV is a tickborne flavivirus and confirms the association between human AHFV cases and tickbite history.

Keywords : Saudi-Arabia; Borne Flavivirus; Infection

Authors Qari, Mohamad Hasan; Aljaouni, Soad Khalil; Alardawi, Mohamad Salleh; Fatani, Huda; Alsayes, Fatin Mohamad; Zografos, Panagiotis; Alsaigh, Mohamad; Alalfi, Adrian; Alamin, Mohamad; Gadi, Abdulilah; Mousa, Shaker A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Hematology Paper Title Reduction of painful vaso-occlusive crisis of sickle cell anaemia by tinzaparin in a double-blind randomized trial Source THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS Volume: 98 Issue: 2

Pages: 392-396 Impact Factor 3.803 ISSN 0340-6245 Publication year 2007

Abstract

A randomized double-blind clinical trial was performed to test the safety and efficacy of a low- molecular-weight heparin,tinzaparin (Innohep((R))), for the management of acute painful vasoocclusive crisis characteristic of sickle cell anemia (SCA). We studied 253 patients with acute painful crisis but with no other complications of SCA, randomized to treatment or control groups. In the treatment group, 127 patients received tinzaparin at 175 IU/kg, subcutaneous once daily, along with supportive care including morphine analgesia; in the control group, 126 patients received placebo and the same supportive care. The maximal experimental treatment period was seven days. Analysis revealed a statistically significant reduction in number of days with the severest pain score, overall duration of painful crisis, and duration of hospitalization (p < 0.05 for each comparison of tinzaparin vs. placebo). The decline in pain intensity was sharper for tinzaparin-treated patients, and complications consisted of two minor bleeding events that were reported and treated by cessation of tinzaparin. This investigation demonstrated that tinzaparin, administered at its approved treatment regimen, reduced the severity and duration of acute crisis of SCA.

Keywords : Sickle Cell Anemia; Tinzaparin; Heparin; Pain; Genetic Disease

Authors Algahtani, Hussein A.; Baeesa, Saleh S.; Obeid, Tahir H.; Abuzinadah, Ahmad R. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Neurology Paper Title Idiopathic intracranial hypertension - Atypical presentation Source SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL,Volume:28, Issue: 5, Pages: 762-765 Impact Factor 0.396 ISSN 0379-5284 Publication year 2007

Abstract Objectives: To describe the clinical features of 5 patients with rare atypical presentation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), and propose the possible mechanism of this atypical presentation. Methods: We carried out a retrospective study of 5 patients admitted at King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with IIH during the period from January 2001 to December 2005. All were females with their age ranges from 24 to 40 years. The clinical presentations, and the laboratory and imaging studies were analyzed. The opening pressures of the lumbar puncture tests were documented. Results: All patients were presented with headache. One had typical pain of trigeminal neuralgia, and one with neck pain and radiculopathy. Facial diplegia was present in one patient, and 2 patients had bilateral 6th cranial neuropathy. Papilledema was present in all patients except in one patient. Imaging study was normal in all patients, and they had a very high opening pressure during lumbar puncture, except in one patient. All patients achieved full recovery with medical therapy in 6 to 12 weeks with no relapse during the mean follow up of 2 years. Conclusions: Atypical findings in. IIH are rare and require a high index of suspicion for early diagnosis.

Keywords : Chronic Daily Headache; Pseudotumor Cerebri; Papilledema

Authors Al-Nozha, Mansour M.; Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M.; Arafah, Mohammed R.; Al-Khadra, Akram; Al-Mazrou, Yaqoub Y.; Al-Maatouq, Mohammed A.; Khan, Nazeer B. ; Al-Marzouki, Khalid; Al-Harthi, Saad S.; Abdullah, Moheeb; Al-Shahid, Maie S. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Internal Medicine Paper Title Prevalence of physical activity and inactivity among Saudis aged 30- 70 years - A population-based cross-sectional study

Source SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL Volume: 28 Issue: 4 Pages: 559- 568 Impact Factor 0.396 ISSN 0379-5284 Publication year 2007

Abstract Objectives: To assess physical activity levels among Saudi adults, and to examine the relationships of physical activity with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and obesity prevalence. Methods: Data taken from the Coronary Artery Disease in Saudis Study which is a National Epidemiological Health Survey carried between 1995 and 2000. Participants included 17395 Saudi males and females aged 30-70 years, selected randomly using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique. Leisure-type and sport-related physical activities including walking were assessed using an interviewed-administered questionnaire. The activities were classified into five intensity categories and assigned metabolic equivalents (MET) according to the compendium of physical activity. Based on the intensity, duration and frequency physical activity, subjects were classified into active or inactive category. Results: Inactivity prevalence (96.1%) was very high. There were significantly (p<0.001)) more inactive females (98.1%) than males (93.9%). Inactivity prevalence increases with increasing age category, especially in males, and decreases with increasing education levels. Inactivity was the highest in the central region (97.3%; 95% CI = 96.8-97.8%) and the lowest in the southern region of Saudi Arabia (94.0%; 95% CI = 93.2-94.8%). Further, active individuals exhibited lower values of BMI and WC. Conclusion: These findings reveal the sedentary nature of Saudi population. The overwhelming majority of men and women did not reach the recommended physical activity levels necessary for promoting health and preventing diseases. The high prevalence of inactivity among Saudis represents a major public health concern.

Keywords : Cardiovascular Risk-Factors; Leisure-Time; Life-Style; Diabetes-Mellitus; Weight-Loss; Obesity; Arabia; Health; Prevention; Adults Authors Al-Shaikh, Abdulrahman E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine(Hospital) Department Medical Department Paper Title Prevalence of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus at a diabetic clinic in King Abdulaziz University Hospital Source PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES Volume: 23 Issue: 2 Pages: 223-226 Part: Part 1

Impact Factor 0 ISSN 1682-024X Publication year 2007

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria and associated risk factors among type 2 diabetic patients with no proteinuria by urine dipstick test, attending a diabetic clinic in King Abdulaziz University Hospital. Patients and Methods: Three hundred and thirty one type 2 diabetes patients were recruited for the study. Urinary albumin concentration was measured by immunoturbodimetric assay. Microalbuminuria was diagnosed if the urinary albumin excretion more than 30mg/g of creatinine. Results: Microalbuminuria was diagnosed in 151 patients out of the total numbers of the patients included in the study (45.6%). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of the microalbuminuria in our patients with type 2 diabetes visiting our clinic in king Abdulaziz University Hospital were high and similar to that reported in other studies.

Keywords : Type 2 Diabetes; Microalbuminuria; Proteinuria; Diabetes In Saudi Arabia

Authors Jarullah, B. M. S.; Subramanian, R. B.; Jummanah, M. J. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Center of King Fahad Medical Research Paper Title Variation in resistance to benzimidizole in different biocontrol agents based on protein sequence homology Source PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE LETTERS Volume: 14 Issue: 5

Pages: 461-464 Impact Factor 1.281 ISSN 0929-8665 Publication year 2007

Abstract

Benzimidazole resistance in thirty isolates of the biocontrol agents was studied with reference. to specific mutations in the beta-tubulin genes. Our results suggest that apart from the correlation between specific mutations in the beta-tubulin gene and variation in resistance, the overall ratio of polar and non-polar amino acids may also play a vital role in confering benzamidazole resistance to these fungi

Keywords : Biocontrol Agents; Benzamidazole; Non-Polar Aminoacids; Polar Amino Acids

Authors Sundararajan, N.; Al-Garni, Mansour A.; Ramabrahmam, G.; Srinivas, Y. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Earth Sciences Department Geophysics

Paper Title A real spectral analysis of the deformation of a homogenous electric field over a thin bed - A Hartley transform approach Source GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING Volume: 55 Issue: 6 Pages: 901-910 Impact Factor 0.852 ISSN 0016-8025 Publication year 2007

Abstract Spectral analysis of the deformation of a homogenous electric field caused by a long, thin inclined bed, which is of considerable importance in the exploration of ground water and minerals, is presented using the Hartley transform. The Hartley transform is an alternative and real replacement for the well-known complex Fourier transform in the field of spectral analysis. The thickness of the bed and the inclination are given as functions of frequency by simple expressions. A theoretical example illustrates the method while the applicability is demonstrated by the field examples from the fractured crystalline basement complex in Burkina Faso, Africa and the Precambrian limestones of the Cuddapah basin, Andhra Pradesh, India. The results obtained by this method agree well with those of the drilling.

Keywords : A Real Spectral Analysis; Electric Field, Transform Approach

Authors Dawood, Y. H.; El-Naby, H. H. Abd E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Earth Sciences Department Mineral Resources & Rocks

Paper Title Mineral chemistry of monazite from the black sand deposits, northern Sinai, Egypt: a provenance perspective Source MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE Volume: 71 Issue: 4 Pages: 389-406 Impact Factor 0.810 ISSN 0026-461X Publication year 2007

Abstract Electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) and microscopic investigations were performed on monazite grains from the black sand deposits of northern Sinai beach. Electron inicroprobe backscattered electron images, X-ray mapping and wavelength dispersive spectroscopy line scans showed some grains with sector zoning and others with thorite inclusions. Based on the EMPA data, the studied monazite is grouped into rnonazite-(Ce) and Th-rich monazite. Monazite-(Ce) is enriched in REE and P, whereas Th-rich monazite is enriched in Th, U, Ca, Y, Si and Fe. The cornpositional variations of monazite are governed by the substitution of REE by Th, U, Ca and Y. The monazite grains show enriched chondrite-normalized REE patterns represented mainly by LREE and only Gd from the HREE. These patterns demonstrate negative Nd and Eu anomalies. The floods associated with the pluvial periods which prevailed in Egypt during the Pleistocene, were able to erode the source rocks and liberate heavy minerals including monazite. The mineral grains were transported through several wadis and tributaries to the main channel of the River Nile. At the confluence sites, these heavy minerals were mixed with Ethiopian and central African heavy mineral assemblages. The grains continued to move together downriver until being deposited in their current locations. The analytical results suggest that pegmatites and granites of the Eastern Desert are the most likely source of the monazite. However, due to the large area of the Nile watershed, other undiscovered sources are possible.

Keywords : Sinai; Egypt; Monazite; Rare-Earth Elements; Pegmatite; Black Sand Deposits; Granite; Provenance

Authors Qadhi, Talal M. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Earth Sciences

Department Mineral Resources & Rocks Paper Title Geochemical evolution of rare metal-bearing A-type granites from the Aja Bathofith, Hail Terrain, Saudi Arabia Source JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF INDIA, Volume: 70 Issue: 5 Pages: 714-729 Impact Factor 0.355 ISSN 0016-7622 Publication year 2007

Abstract The Aja Batholith, northeastern Arabian Shield, consists of five granite varieties namely: hornblende alkali feldspar granite, granophyre, arfvedsonite-aegirine alkali feldspar granite, porphyritic alkali granite and albite granite. Zircon, sphene, thorite, Samraskite, Ta-selenide, pyrochlore, fluorite, magnetite and hematite are magmatic rare-metalbearing accessory minerals. In some rock varieties, hematite is post-magmatic where local metasomatic effects are visible in varying degrees and played a significant role in the genesis of silica-hematite-rich rocks (hematosilconite). The granite varieties in the batholith are highly siliceous (SiO2 =68-75%) with high K 2 0 (3.72-5.52%) and Na2O (2.526.25%) and low Al2O3 (8.35-13.5%), MgO (0.07-0.4%), CaO (0.17-1.5%), Ba (20-409 ppm) and Sr (6-134 ppm). The alumina saturation index (A/CNK) for most samples is < 1 while the agpaitic index is > 1 confirming their alkaline to peralkaline character. The granites have high and variable contents of Rb (81-495 ppm), Ga (20-52 ppm), Nb (10414 ppm), Zr (290-31915 ppm), Y (22-552 ppm), Sn (3-101 ppm), and total rare earth elements (362-3518 ppm). These data indicate that the Aja batholith represents post-orogenic A-type granites. The generation of their parental magma probably involved partial melting of lower crustal rocks as a result of the decomposition of F-rich biotite. Comparison of the geochemical data with many specialized rare metal-bearing granites show that the Aja granites are enriched in Nb, Ta, Sn, Zr and REE, especially the arfvedsonite-aegirine alkali granite, the albite, granite and the hematosilconite. Although the geochemical effects of metasomatism is locally visible; nonetheless, most of the chemical variations in the content of these elements appear to be the result of in situ fractional crystallization (feldspars, ferromagnesian minerals and rare metal bearing accessory phases) and fluorine complexing. The strong positive correlation of alkalis (Rb and K) that was mobile during metasomatism with elements that were not (Nb and Ta), argues strongly against metasomatic alteration in the granites. However, the hematosilconite is consistently rich in Fe, Si, Ca, Pb, Zn, Sn and poor in Na, K, Rb relative to the granites suggesting the local effect of metasomatism.

Keywords : Geochemistry; Petrogenesis; A-Type Granites; Rare-Metals; Saudi Arabia

Authors Al-Sofyani, A. A.; Naiz, G. R. E-Mail [email protected]

Faculty Marine Sciences Department Marine Biology Paper Title A comparative study of the components of the hard coral Seriatopora hystrix and the soft coral Xenia umbellata along the Jeddah coast, Saudi Arabia Source REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA MARINA Y OCEANOGRAFIA Volume: 42 Issue: 3 Pages: 207-219 Impact Factor 0.420 ISSN 0717-3326 Publication year 2007

Abstract In this study, the structure of the polyps and the cell types of the hard coral Seriatopora hystrix and the soft coral Xenia unzbellata were compared, together with the composition of the fatty acids in their tissues. S. hystrix displayed an apparent lack of specialized feeding cells, notably the relatively small number of mucous gland cells and the low percentage of venom containing nematocysts. P-mastigophores accounted for 1.52-5.7% and, B-mastigophores for 1.28% of the nematocysts. Conversely there was a high percentage of holotrichs nematocysts (24.86 - 55.5%) in the tentacles and mesenterial filaments respectively. Zooxanthellae were abundant in the gastrodermis. These charateristics suggest that S. hystrix relies essentially upon autotrophic nutrition. The polyps of X. umbellata were devoid of cnidae, and mucous glands were in abundance, particularly in the lower part of the polyp. The presence of particulate matter in the coelenteron, and low number of zooxanthellae indicate that X. umbellata is a suspension feeder, using mucus to trap the particles on the pinnate tentacles. Differences were also revealed by a comparative study of their chemical composition. X. umbellata had a high protein and lipid content, whilst S. hystrix was characterized by high calcium carbonate content. In S. hystrix, the fatty acids were found to be predominantly saturated fatty acids (87.3%), the most abundant being 16:0 and 18:0. X. umbellata showed a predominance of unsaturated fatty acids (77.7%), the most abundant being 16:1 and 18:1. The differences in morphology and in biochemical composition suggest that S. hystrix has a greater reliance on autotrophic feeding whilst X. umbellata is a more heterotrophic suspension feeder.

Keywords : Cnidae Type; Competition; Coral Reefs; Feeding Strategies; Red Sea

Authors Park, Eungyu; Elfeki, Amro M. M.; Song, Yungoo; Kim, Kangjoo

E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Meteorology, Environmental & Arid Land Agricluture Department Hydrology & Water Resour Mangement Paper Title Generalized coupled Markov chain model for characterizing categorical variables in soil mapping Source SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL Volume: 71 Issue: 3 Pages: 909-917 Impact Factor 2.207 ISSN 0361-5995 Publication year 2007

Abstract

We developed a general formulation of the Markovian transition probability model and the corresponding computational algorithm for characterizing heterogeneity in soil types. The generalized model is based on the previously developed coupled Markov chain (CMC) model in which spatial conditioning is done using transition probabilities that incorporate field observations. The generalized coupled Markov chain (GCMC) model is more flexible with respect to conditioning than the previous CMC model because there are no restrictions on the input data format, and a random sequence calculation algorithm is used. The GCMC model was compared with the sequential indicator simulation (SIS), and the results were quantitatively analyzed. When adequate soil sampling data are available, the GCMC model predicts the spatial distribution of soil types as well as or better than the SIS model. The GCMC model has the advantage of simple input variables (because preprocessing is not required) and faster computation time (by about 60%). The models were also tested with sparse data sets, and the GCMC model predicted the presence of soil types better than the SIS model, based on a metric derived from ensemble probabilities. Further studies are in progress to expand applications of the model to stationary and nonstationary soil type distributions, improve algorithm efficiency, address underestimation caused by undersampled lithology, and extend the model to three dimensions.

Keywords : Indicator Simulation; Geostatistics; Hydrofacies; Systems

Authors Bathurst, James C.; Moretti, Greta; El-Hames, Ahmed; Begueria,

Santiago; Garcia-Ruiz, Jose M. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Meteorology & Environmental & Arid Land Agriculture Department Hydrology & Water Resource Management Paper Title Modelling the impact of forest loss on shallow landslide sediment yield, Ijuez river catchment, Spanish Pyrenees Source HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Pages: 569-583 Part: Part 3 Impact Factor 2.167 ISSN 1027-5606 Publication year 2007

Abstract

The SHETRAN model for simulating the sediment yield arising from shallow landslides at the scale of a river catchment was applied to the 45-km(2) Ijuez catchment in the central Spanish Pyrenees, to investigate the effect of loss of forest cover on landslide and debris flow incidence and on catchment sediment yield. The application demonstrated how such a model, with a large number of parameters to be evaluated, can be used even when directly measured data are not available: rainfall and discharge time series were generated by reference to other local records and data providing the basis for a soil map were obtained by a short field campaign. Uncertainty bounds for the outputs were determined as a function of the uncertainty in the values of key model parameters. For a four-year period and for the existing forested state of the catchment, a good ability to simulate the observed long term spatial distribution of debris flows (represented by a 45-year inventory) and to determine catchment sediment yield within the range of regional observations was demonstrated. The lower uncertainty bound on simulated landslide occurrence approximated the observed annual rate of landsliding and suggests that landslides provide a relatively minor proportion of the total sediment yield, at least in drier years. A scenario simulation in which the forest cover was replaced by grassland indicated an increase in landsliding but a decrease in the number of landslides which evolve into debris flows and, at least for drier years, a reduction in sediment delivery to the channel network.

Keywords : Catchment Model; DAMOCLES; Forest Impact; Land-Use Impact; Model Calibration; Sediment Yield; Landslide; SHETRAN

Authors Elfeki, Amro M. M.; Uffink, Gerard J. M.; Lebreton, Sophie

E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Meteorology & Environmental & Arid Land Agriculture Department Hydrology & Water Resource Management Simulation of solute transport under oscillating groundwater flow in Paper Title homogeneous aquifers JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH Volume: 45 Issue: 2 Source Pages: 254-260 Impact Factor 0.883 ISSN 0022-1686 Publication year 2007

Abstract

In this paper, we focus on the influence of temporal variations in the regional hydraulic gradient, particularly, on the impact of temporal variations in the boundary conditions on the spreading of solute plumes in homogenous aquifers. We examined the problem by numerical simulations. Two-dimensional fully implicit finite difference model TRANS_GW_2D for the unsteady groundwater flow and a random walk particle tracking model TRANS_RW_2D for solute transport have been developed to solve the governing equations without restriction on the values of aquifer storativity or on the magnitude of the temporal fluctuations. It has been shown that transient flow conditions (in terms of gradient magnitude variability) have a significant impact on contaminant transport only if the amplitude and period of the oscillations are relatively large. For relatively small oscillations, a steady state flow field can be justified. Transient conditions may be relevant in coastal aquifers with high tidal amplitudes. This tidal variation can have an effect on the spreading of solutes and on salt-water intrusion. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that in case of relatively high storativity values, the dispersion coefficient is amplified in time as the plume moves towards the fluctuating boundary.

Keywords : Oscillating Flow; Solute Transport; Numerical Modeling; Groundwater; Time Dependent Dispersion Coefficient; Spatial Moments

Authors Al Agili, Dania E.; Pass, Mary Ann; Bronstein, Janet M.; Lockwood, Stuart A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Dentistry Department Preventive Dental Sciences Paper Title Medicaid participation by private dentists in Alabama Source PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY Volume: 29, Issue: 4 Pages: 293-302 Impact Factor 0.964 ISSN 0164-1263 Publication year 2007

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between private dentists' attitudes toward Medicaid and Medicaid patients and their extent of Medicaid participation. Methods. A survey was mailed to all Medicaid dentists in Alabama in 2003 (N=518). Descriptive statistics were calculated, and multiple regression models were tested, The "dentists' extent of participation" was G measure of the percentage of Medicaid patients seen in one month. Independent variables included dentists' personal and practice characteristics,, market area characteristics, and dentists' attitudes toward Medicaid and Medicaid patients. Results. A total of 277 (54%.) surveys was returned. Non-Caucasian dentists in group practice hod a higher mean of extent of Medicaid participation than Caucasian dentists in solo practice. Moreover, compared to privately insured families, dentists had significantly higher mean of extent of Medicaid participation if they perceived Medicaid reimbursement as generous; payments being processed faster; and families as not acceptable to non -Medicaid families in the practice. Conclusions., Dentists' perceptions of Medicaid policies, such as generosity of payment and speed of processing payment, ore important to ensure continued provider participation in Medicaid. Strategies to improve dentists' participation in Medicaid must be multifaceted to increase access to dental services for Medicaid children.

Keywords : Oral Health Policy; Oral Health Services; Medicaid

Authors Sharaf, Aly A; AbdelAziz, Amr M; El Meligy, Omar A. S. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Dentistry Department Preventive Dental Sciences Paper Title Intra- and inter-examiner variability in evaluating preclinical pediatric dentistry operative procedures Source JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION Volume: 71 Issue: 4 Pages: 540-544 Impact Factor 0 ISSN 0022-0337 Publication year 2007

Abstract

Many investigators have reported attempts to develop reliable laboratory and clinic evaluation systems. However, few studies, regardless of level of success, have used an analytic procedure to identify those components of the evaluation system that, if refined further, could improve reliability. The purpose of this study was to compare intra- and inter-examiner variability in two evaluation methods: glance and grade (global), and checklist and criteria (analytical). Three faculty staff members with more than ten years of clinical and teaching experience evaluated operative procedures performed on plastic teeth representing the primary teeth by thirty dental students in pediatric dentistry preclinical laboratory sessions. The preparations were graded blindly by each of the three evaluators (A, B, and Q three times without magnification. The values were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test and Friedman test setting value of significance at 5 percent. The study revealed that, among the three examiners, the intra- examiner variability was nonsignificant in most situations. On the other hand, there was statistically significant variability between evaluators (i.e., inter-examiner) for almost all preparations. Neither cutting off the scores nor using either evaluation method (glance and grade or criteria and checklist) caused an improvement in variability. The problem of inter-examiner reliability and variability still existed.

Keywords : Variability; Preclinical Operative Procedures; Evaluation Methods

Authors Al-Hazmi, Nadia; Thomas, Gareth J.; Speight, Paul M.; Whawell, Simon A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Dentistry Department Oral Basic & Clinical Sciences Paper Title The 120 kDa cell-binding fragment of fibronectin up-regulates migration of alpha v beta 6-expressing cells by increasing matrix metalloproteinase-2 and-9 secretion Source EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES Volume: 115 Issue: 6 Pages: 454-458 Impact Factor 1.957 ISSN 0909-8836 Publication year 2007

Abstract Changes in the extracellular matrix, integrin expression, and protease secretion occur in wound healing and cancer and these systems are thought to play a crucial role in such processes. In this study, experiments were performed to examine the interaction of epithelial cells with the 120 kDa cell-binding fibronectin fragment. Cell migration was significantly increased in response to the 120 kDa fragment when compared with the full-length molecule, but only in cells overexpressing the beta-6 integrin (VB6). This involved the up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9, the levels of which are increased in the supernatant from VB6 cells plated on the 120 kDa fragment. Inhibition of MMP activity with both tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and a chemical inhibitor (Ro32-3580) resulted in a significant reduction in migration on the fibronectin fragment. In vitro this fragment can be generated by incubating full-length fibronectin with purified MMP-9.Expression of the beta 6 integrin subunit, which is only seen in wound healing and cancer, enhances the motility of and MMP secretion by epithelial cells in response to the 120 kDa fibronectin fragment. These enzymes can then further degrade fibronectin to generate additional fragments, leading to the creation of a positive feedback loop, which may be of significance in disease processes.

Keywords : Cell Migration; Epithelium; Fibronectin Fragment; Integrin; Matrix Metalloproteinase

Authors Khedr, Alaa E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Pharmacy Department Pharmaceutical Chemistry High-performance liquid chromatographic stability indicating assay Paper Title method of tianeptine sodium with simultaneous fluorescence and UV detection JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE Volume: 45 Source Issue: 6 Pages: 305-310 Impact Factor ISSN 0021-9665 Publication year 2007

Abstract The purpose of this work is to develop a sensitive, selective, and validated stability-indicating HPLC assay of tianeptine (TIA) in bulk drug and tablet form. TIA is subjected to different stress conditions, including UV-light, oxidation, acid base-base hydrolysis, and temperature. TIA and its possible degradation products are analyzed on Agilent-Zorbax-XDB-C18 column using gradient elution with acetonitrile and 0.02M sodium acetate (pH 4.2). The samples are monitored simultaneously with photo-diode array at 254 nm and fluoroscence detector set to 350 nm (ex) and 425 nm (em). TIA is integrated from its UV-chromatogram, and the photodecomposition products are integrated from the fluoroscence-chromatogram. TIA and its photodecomposition products are separated by TLC using ethyl acetate-n-hexane-glacial acetic acid-methanol (10.0:14.0:0.2:1.0, v/v) as developing system. One potential photodegradation product is detected by fluoroscence in TIA-tablet form and separated by TLC. The linear range of TIA is between 0.5 to 50 µg/injection with limits of quantitation and detection values of 30 and 8 ng/injection, respectively. The inter-assay percentage of deviation is not more than 0.03%, and the day-to-day variation is not more than 0.1%.

Keywords : Metabolites; Plasma

Authors Khedr, Alaa E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Pharmacy Department Pharmaceutical Chemistry Paper Title Stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of atorvastatin with fluorescence detection Source JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL Volume: 90 Issue: 6 Pages: 1547-1553 Impact Factor 1.122 ISSN 1060-3271 Publication year 2007

Abstract

The purpose of this work was to develop a sensitive, selective, and validated stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic (LC) assay of atorvastatin (ATV) in bulk drug and tablet form. ATV was subjected to different stress conditions, including UV light, oxidation, acid-base hydrolysis, and temperature. ATV and its degradation products were analyzed on an Agilent Zorbax XDB C18 column using isocratic elution with acetonitrile-0.02 M sodium acetate, pH 4.2 (45 + 55, v/v) for 25 min. The samples were monitored with fluorescence (FL) detection at 282 nm (excitation)/400 nm (emission). The response ratio of FL to UV detection (at 247 nm) for ATV was 1.66. The method showed good resolution of ATV from its decomposition products. The photodegradation products were separated by silica gel thin-layer chromatography using double development with ethyl acetate-n-hexane-glacial acetic acid- methanol (40 + 55 + 0.5 + 4.5, v/v/v/v) followed by (39 + 55 + 0.5 + 5.5, v/v/v/v), and confirmed by LC-FL analysis. The FL response was linear over the investigated range for ATV. The linear range was 10-1200 ngfinjection, and the limit of quantitation was 2.0 ng/injection.

Keywords : Coa Reductase Inhibitor; Simvastatin; Ci-981

Authors Khedr, Alaa; Sheba, Mahmoud A.; Darwish, Ibrahim A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Pharmacy Department Pharmaceutical Chemistry Paper Title Sensitive determination of trimetazidine in spiked human plasma by HPLC with fluorescence detection after pre-column derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate Source JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES Volume: 856 Issue: 1-2 Pages: 337-342 Impact Factor 2.500 ISSN 1570-0232 Publication year 2007

Abstract

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of trimetazidine dihydrochloride (TMZ) in spiked human plasma is described. The method is based on the pre- column derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl) using the fluorimetric detection technique. Fluoxetine HCl (FLX) was used as internal standard. Both, TMZ and FLX were completely derivatized after heating at 50 degrees C for 20 min in borate buffer pH 8.0. Samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using Zorbax- TMS column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, i.d., 5 mu m) and mobile phase consist of acetonitrile, methanol and 20 mM sodium acetate pH 4.7 (44:6:50; v/v/v). Fluorescence detector (FLD) was adjusted at excitation and emission wavelengths; 265 and 311 nm, respectively. The linearity of the method was in the range of 4.5-200 ng/ml. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 1.5 and 4.5 ng/ml, respectively. Trimetazidine recovery was 96.5 +/- 1.3% (n = 6; RSD = 2.1%).

Keywords: Trimetazidine; Fluoxetine; FMOC; Plasma; Chromatography

Authors Zaghloul, A.; Taha, E.; Afouna, M.; Khattab, I.; Nazzal, S. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Pharmacy Department Pharmaceutical Chemistry Paper Title Ex vivo mucoadhesion and in vivo bioavailability assessment and correlation of ketoprofen tablet dosage forms containing bioadhesives Source PHARMAZIE Volume: 62 Issue: 5 Pages: 346-350 Impact Factor 0.858 ISSN 0031-7144 Publication year 2007

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to assess the mucoadhesion and bicavailability and their correlation for ketoprofen tablet dosage forms (F1-F6) containing polycarbophil (PC), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na CMC) as bioadhesives, Avicel pH 101 as direct compressible tablet vehicle or mixtures of these, and non compressible vehicles such as lactose and starch. For mucoadhesion assessment, we used sheep gastric mucosa and for bioavailability we used six human volunteers in an open randomized seven-way crossover study. Young's modulus (YM) and relative bioavailability (RB) parameters were used for evaluation of mucoadhesion and bioavailability, respectively. The results indicated that F2 containing Na CMC (72.5%) showed the highest value of YM (7.6 +/- 0.76 pascals) and 119.4 +/- 3.2% for RB. Decreasing the amount of Na CMC to 10% in F3 and F6 decreased the values of YM and RB to 1.4 +/- 0.08 and 84 +/- 2.05 in F3, 4.6 +/- 0.43 and 114.7 +/- 2.46 in F6, respectively. The highest RB (152.3 +/- 2.56) was observed in F5 containing starch and Avicel pH 101. This formulation showed 6 +/- 0.87 for YM. F4 containing PC (10%) showed 5.1 +/- 0.43 and 74.15 +/- 1.98 for YM and RB respectively. The lowest value of YM was observed in F1 containing Avicel pH 101 (0.27 +/- 0.01) which also showed low RB (93.3 +/- 2.3). In conclusion, formulations containing bioadhesives and/or starch in high concentration showed high values of YM and RB which indicate good correlation between mucoadhesion and bioavailability. Bioadhesives may show a high potential to improve bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of ketoprofen in tablet dosage forms.

Keywords : Drug-Delivery; Starch Microspheres; Vitro Evaluation; Absorption; System

Authors Abdel-Sattar, Essam; Ahmed, Ahmed A.; Hegazy, Mohamed-Elamir F.; Farag, Mohamed A.; Al-Yahya, Mohammad Abdul-Aziz E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Pharmacy Department Natural Products and alternative medicine Paper Title Acylated pregnane glycosides from Caralluma russeliana Source PHYTOCHEMISTRY Volume: 68 Issue: 10 Pages: 1459-1463 Impact Factor 2.946 ISSN 0031-9422 Publication year 2007

Abstract

The chloroform extract of the aerial parts of Caralluma russeliana yielded four acylated pregnane glycosides, namely russeliosides E-H, three were found now. The structures of the compounds were elucidated using MS, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, H-1-H-1 COSY, HMQC, NOESY and HMBC experiments.

Keywords : Caralluma Russeliana; Asclepiadaceae; Acylated Pregnane Glycosides

Authors Esmat, Ahmed; El-Demerdash, Ebtehal; El-Mesallamy, Hala; Abdel- Naim, Ashraf B. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Pharmacy Department Pharmacology & Toxicology Paper Title Toxicity and oxidative stress of acrylonitrile in rat primary glial cells: Preventive effects of N-acetylcysteine Source TOXICOLOGY LETTERS Volume: 171 Issue: 3 Pages: 111-118 Impact Factor 3.249 ISSN 0378-4274 Publication year 2007

Abstract

Brain is a target organ for acrylonitrile (ACN) toxicity. The objective of the current work was to investigate ACN cytotoxicity in rat primary glial cells, using N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) as a potential protective agent. Cells were exposed in vitro to different concentrations of ACN for different time intervals. Cell membrane integrity was assessed by trypan blue exclusion and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Approximately 50% membrane damage was observed in the incubations containing 1.0 mM ACN for 3 h. Therefore, these experimental conditions were used in subsequent studies. ACN enhanced lipid peroxidation, as indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, and depleted reduced glutathione (GSH) level with no change in total glutathione. Also, ACN was activated to cyanide (CN-) with dramatic decrease in ATP level. Cell treatment with NAC prior to exposure to ACN afforded some protection; as indicated by reducing MDA level and elevating level of both reduced and total glutathione. Further, pretreatment with NAC inhibited CN- formation and caused an increase in ATP level. Our results indicate that ACN is toxic to rat primary glial cells as evidenced by induction of oxidative stress and generation of CN- with subsequent energy depletion. NAC can play an important role against ACN-induced oxidative damage.

Keywords : Acrylonitrile; N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine; Oxidative Stress; Glial Cells

Authors Khalil-ur-Rahman; Al-Amoudi, Abdullah; Badreddine, Samar; Al- Shehri, Abdulraheem M.; Kanaan, Hassan; Al-Ghamdi, Saeed M. G. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Internal Medicine Paper Title Cryptosporidiosis in a renal transplant patient treated with paromomycin Source ANNALS OF SAUDI MEDICINE, Volume:27, Issue:5, Pages: 373-374 Published: SEP-OCT 2007 Impact Factor 0.600 ISSN 0256-4947 Publication year 2007

Case report

Cryptosporidium parvum is a well-known cause of chronic diarrhea. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients as well as in other immunocompromised patients it has also been shown to cause sclerosing cholangitis. We report a case of reversible C. parvum-induced sclerosing cholangitis in a renal transplant patient. This 40-year-old female received a renal transplant 9 years prior to presentation. She had no history of liver disease and was doing well on tacrolimus, prednisone, and azathioprine. She developed diarrhea and was found to have C. parvum present in the stool. Shortly after, she developed clinical, biochemical, radiologic, and histologic features of SC. After accidental reduction in her immunesuppression secondary to starting her on rifampin to treat her itching, she cleared C. parvum from her stool and had a marked improvement in her diarrhea, jaundice, and general health. Her liver enzymes normalized and magnetic resonance cholangiography showed complete resolution of biliary abnormalities. To our knowledge, this is the first case of C. parvum-induced sclerosing cholangitis in a renal transplant patient and one of a few in non-HIV patients. It is also the first to document resolution of sclerosing cholangitis after eradication of C. parvum in a non-HIV patient. Keywords : Aids

Authors Muhayawi, Saad M.; Tawfik, Hisham A. E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department ORL Paper Title Unusual presentation of internal carotid artery aneurysm in the middle ear Source ANNALS OF SAUDI MEDICINE, Volume:27, Issue:4, Pages: 293-295 Published: JUL-AUG 2007 Impact Factor 0.600 ISSN 0256-4947 Publication year 2007

Case Report

An aberrant course of the internal carotid artery (ICA) through the middle ear is uncommon. Approximately one percent of the population presents with a dehiscent ICA canal. Embryological malformation of the first and second branchial arches would prevent the formation of the ICA bony covering over the tympanic part of the middle ear. These abnormalities are usually asymptomatic and often diagnosed during ear surgeries. We report a case of unilateral ICA aneurysm in the middle ear. The literature is reviewed and the diagnosis and risks in clinically treating this anomaly are discussed. Keywords : Vascular Anomalies

Authors Madani, Tariq Ahmed E-Mail [email protected] Faculty Medicine Department Internal Medicine Paper Title Hepatitis C virus infections reported in Saudi Arabia over 11 years of surveillance Source ANNALS OF SAUDI MEDICINE, Volume: 27, Issue:3,Pages:191-194 Published: MAY-JUN 2007 Impact Factor 0.600 ISSN 0256-4947 Publication year 2007

BRIEF REPORT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important public health problem worldwide. As of June 1999, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 169.7 million persons (3% of the world's population) were chronically infected with HCV globally and that 3 to 4 million persons are newly infected each year. The prevalence rate was estimated to be 5.3% in Africa (31.9 million cases), 4.6% in the Eastern Mediterranean region (21.3 million cases), 3.9% in the West Pacific region (62.2 million cases), 2.15% in Southeast Asia (32.3 million cases), 1.7% in the Americas (13.1 million cases), and 1.03% in Europe (8.9 million cases). Data on the prevalence of HCV infection in Saudi Arabia is limited. The objective of this study was to describe the number of HCV infections reported in Saudi Arabia during 11 years of surveillance from January 1995 through December 2005. Keywords : Drug-Dependent Patients; Blood-Donors; High Seroprevalence; Nile Delta; Prevalence; Egypt; Transmission; Hcv; Spouses; Jeddah