DP History II History of Nuclear Treaties

Nuclear weapons pose an ongoing threat, recently exacerbated by domestic and international terrorist attacks. Despite treaties that limit development and testing of nuclear weapons, nuclear proliferation continues.

The world’s first nuclear weapons explosion on July 16, 1945 in New Mexico, when the United States tested its first nuclear bomb. Not three weeks later, the world changed. On August 6, 1945 the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. It killed or wounded nearly 130,000 people. Three days later, the United States bombed Nagasaki. Of the 286,000 people living there at the time of the blast, 74,000 were killed and another 75,000 sustained severe injuries. Japan agreed to an unconditional surrender on August 14, 1945; it also resulted in the end of World War II.

In subsequent years, the United States, the Soviet Union and Great Britain conducted several nuclear weapons tests. In 1954, president Jawaharlal Nehru of India called for a ban on nuclear testing. It was the first large-scale initiative to ban using nuclear technology for mass destruction.

In 1958, nearly 10,000 scientists presented to United Nations Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold a petition that begged, “We deem it imperative that immediate action be taken to effect an international agreement to stop testing of all nuclear weapons.”

France exploded its first nuclear device in 1960 and China entered the ‘nuclear arms club’ in October, 1964 when it conducted its first test. At this time, the five declared nuclear weapons states are the USA, USSR, UK, France and China.

In your groups, you will examine one of the following treaties:

Antarctic Treaty/Hot Line Agreement/Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT)/Outer Space Treaty and:

1. Research the treaty’s or agreement’s background- date, purpose, participants, ratification dates, etc. (The Atomic Archive.com and the Arms Control Association provide much of this information). 2. Identify historic events occurring at the time of the treaty’s/agreement’s creation, specifically those related to nuclear weaponry. For example, was there an existing or pending war or were nations engaged in nuclear weaponry testing? 3. Examine the response to the legislation-level of participants’ compliance, implementation challenges, legal loopholes, etc.

Due Date for Assignment: Thursday, October 13, 2011