Ethics in Global Politics

ETHICS 180S-01 / POLSCI 199CS-01

Duke University, Spring 2011

Tu Th 1:15-2:30, Office hours: Tu Th 2:30-3:30, West Duke 101 West Duke 103D

Amber A. Díaz http://duke.edu/~aad2/diaz_egp.html

Course Overview: In a world faced with challenges to human security ranging from terrorism and war to natural disasters and pandemics, what are the major ethical dilemmas faced by scholars, policy-makers, and practitioners? This course seeks both to identify the key unresolved problems and to parse out potential practical modes of response as global citizens. Any approach to normative questions must begin with discussion of the concepts of “right” and “wrong” as they relate to a standard of the good. Therefore, the course will begin by establishing a basis for ethical reasoning about global politics by engaging several philosophical schools of thought, and from this foundation move into questions such as: What, if any, moral obligations do states have? Is the use of force ever justifiable – when and why? How should human security needs and ‘national interest’ concerns be adjudicated?

Course Goals: The purpose of this course is to teach students to apply rigorous social science methodology and critical thinking to the major ethical issues faced in global politics today, in order to develop practical and applicable responses.

Assignments and Responsibilities: The course format will combine lecture and discussion in the seminar setting as well as various written assignments to allow students to further develop analytical and problem-solving skills. Response papers and discussion leadership responsibilities will facilitate students’ engagement with the readings, while small group research projects and presentations will allow you to delve more deeply into a particular topic of interest. During the semester we will also have opportunities to speak with individuals directly involved with the practice of ethics in global politics.

1) Most of our time in class will be spent discussing and analyzing the readings for each unit, so attendance at and participation in the discussions are essential. Students will also be asked to sign-up to lead the discussion on one (or two) set(s) of readings. Class participation (and discussion leadership) will count for 10% of the final grade. 2

Watch the Blackboard Announcements page for information about upcoming lectures and workshops that may be attended for extra participation credit. Extra credit opportunities must be approved by the instructor in advance. To receive extra credit, you must submit a paragraph-long response to the event within 24 hours by e-mail to ([email protected]). Extra credit will be taken into consideration when calculating the overall participation grade for the semester.

2) During the course of the semester each student must submit three short response papers (1000-1250 words / 4-5 double spaced, typed pages). You will sign up in advance for the weeks in which you wish to write short papers. In these papers you are to analyze a particular set of readings for your assigned week, discussing the relative strength of arguments made, drawing on other readings and current events as relevant. From that set of readings, you should identify an issue that you believe requires further research and briefly outline a potential approach. (45% of the final grade.) Two of these response papers are due before Spring Break and the third is due in the second half of the term. DUE: Each response paper must be uploaded to the Digital Dropbox on Blackboard and e-mailed to ([email protected]) as an attachment by 5:00PM ONE WEEK from the date of the assigned readings.

3) During the second half of the term, you must write an opinion piece that you could potentially submit to a newspaper on a topic of contemporary ethical/international significance. Specific topics for the op-ed will be discussed as the deadline draws nearer. Op- eds should be 750-900 words (three to four double-spaced pages). 15% of the final grade. DUE: Uploaded to the Digital Dropbox on Blackboard and e-mailed to ([email protected]) as an attachment by MIDNIGHT on Thursday 17 March

4) Group presentations: You will be divided into groups of four to five students to collaborate on a small research project on an issue of current salience that relates to one of the units covered in this class. Topic selection is flexible, but each group must meet with me for a consultation in advance. Each member of the group is expected to contribute in a 30-minute class presentation, followed by 20 minutes of Q&A and dialogue with the rest of the class; each member will later submit her or his final write-up. On the day of their presentation, each group must give the instructor a comprehensive bibliography listing all references consulted, including links to online resources. 30% of the final grade. Final write-up – DUE by 10:00PM, Thursday 5 May,* uploaded to the Digital Dropbox on Blackboard and e-mailed to ([email protected]): Each individual group member must submit a four to five-page review of the process of collaboration, her or his individual contributions to the project, and implications of the group’s findings. *You have until 10:00PM on 5 May to submit your final write-up, because our assigned “final exam window” according to the Spring 2011 Final Exam Schedule is 7:00-10:00PM, 5 May. However, I encourage you to submit this document as soon as possible following your group presentation, because it will be easier to write when the experience is recent. 3

Academic Honesty: Students are expected to comply with the Duke Community Standard in their work for this course (see http://www.studentaffairs.duke.edu/conduct/resources/dcs). All work you submit for this course must be your own. Cheating, plagiarism, or any other form of academic dishonesty will not be tolerated. If you have questions about what constitutes proper use of published or unpublished sources, please consult the Duke Library’s “Plagiarism: Its Nature and Consequences” (http://www.library.duke.edu/research/citing/plagiarism.html), or ask the instructor.

Required book: Duncan Bell, ed. (2010) Ethics and World Politics (Oxford University Press) (ISBN13: 9780199548620 / ISBN10: 0199548625 Paperback, 400 pages)

The above book is available for purchase in the Duke University Bookstore. Other required readings as described in the syllabus will be available through online journals in Duke’s databases, on e-reserves, or on hard copy reserve in Perkins Library.

January 13 Introduction to the course

Unit 1: Defining Ethical Foundations

January 18 Ethics and World Politics, Chapters 1, 3, 4: “Ethics and Analytical Political Philosophy,” Colin Bird (pp. 17-34) “Ethics and Post-Structuralism,” Amy Allen (pp. 54-72) “Ethics and Politics,”Andrew Gamble (pp. 73-92)

January 20 Ethics and World Politics, Chapters 5, 6, 8: “Political Realism and the Limits of Ethics,” Duncan Bell (pp. 93-110) “The Ethics of International Society,” Peter Jones (pp. 111-129) “Cosmopolitanism,” Simon Caney (pp. 146-163)

Unit 2: Just War Theory

January 25 - jus ad bellum Ethics and World Politics, Chapters 15 and 16: “International Law,” Anthony Carty (pp. 274-291) “The Ethics of War (1): The Just War,” Nicholas Rengger (pp. 292-308) - Additional case study for Chapter 16: “The Gulf War (1990-91).” Online (http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199548620/01student/additional_cases/) 4

James Turner Johnson, "Threats, Values, and Defense: Does the Defense of Values by Force Remain a Moral Possibility?" in Jean Elshtain, ed. (1992) Just War Theory (New York University Press, New York), pp. 55-76 (handout)

Recommended: Michael Walzer (1977) Just and Unjust Wars (Basic Books, New York), Chapters 1, 2, 4

January 27 - jus in bello **ROOM CHANGE, TODAY ONLY: Friedl 225 (http://map.duke.edu/search?q=friedl)** Ethics and World Politics, Chapter 17: “The Ethics of War (2): Critical Alternatives,” Patricia Owens (pp. 309-323) - Additional case study for Chapter 17: “The ‘War on Terror’, Enemy Combatants, and ‘Bare Life’.” Online (http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199548620/01student/additional_cases/) Michael Walzer (1977) Just and Unjust Wars (Basic Books, New York), Chapters: 8 and 9 (pp. 89- 139) (handout)

Unit 4: Postcolonialism, Self-Determination, and Civil War

February 1 Ethics and World Politics, Chapter 11: “Post-colonial theory,” Margaret Kohn (pp. 200-218) Neta Crawford (2002), Argument and Change in World Politics: Ethics, Decolonization, and Humanitarian Intervention (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), Chapters: 3, 4, 7 (e-reserves)

February 3 Amitai Etzioni (1992/93), "The Evils of Self-Determination," Foreign Policy 89:21-35 (online) (http://www.jstor.org/stable/1149071) Yossi Klein Halevi (Fall 2001), "The Asymmetry of Pity," The National Interest :37-44 (online) (http://find.galegroup.com/gtx/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC- Documents&type=retrieve&tabID=T002&prodId=AONE&docId=A79354155&source=gal e&srcprod=AONE&userGroupName=duke_perkins&version=1.0) George Orwell (1952/1980), Homage to Catalonia (Harcourt Brace and Company, San Diego), Chapter V (pp.46-71) (e-reserves)

Unit 5: Rights and Responsibilities in and after War

February 8 Ethics and World Politics, Chapter 13: “Human Rights,” Duncan Ivison (pp. 239-255) Human Security Report 2009/2010, “The Shrinking Costs of War.” Online: (http://www.humansecurityreport.info - PDF file on site)

February 10 5

Michael Walzer (1977) Just and Unjust Wars. (Basic Books, New York), Chapters 18 and 19 (pp.287-328) (e-reserves) Barry Buzan (2002) “Who May We Bomb?” in Worlds in Collision: Terror and the Future of Global Order, ed. Ken Booth and Tim Dunne (Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills), pp.85-94 (e-reserves) Robert E. Williams, Jr. and Dan Caldwell (2006), “Jus Post Bellum: Just War Theory and the Principles of Just Peace,” International Studies Perspectives 7: 309-320 (online) (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1528-3585.2006.00256.x/full) Susie Linfield (July 2010) “Living with the Enemy,” Guernica (online) (http://www.guernicamag.com/features/1853/linfield_7_1_10/)

Unit 6: Humanitarian Intervention

February 15 Ethics and World Politics, Chapter 18: “Humanitarian Intervention,” Anthony Lang (pp. 324-341) - Additional case study for Chapter 17: “Humanitarian Intervention, Liberal Irony and Human Rights.” Online (http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199548620/01student/additional_cases/) Michael V. Bhatia (2003) War and Intervention: Issues for Contemporary Peace Operations. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, pp. 1-28 (e-reserves) Ralf Stoecker (2002), “Help, Intervention, and Involvement,” in Georg Meggle, ed. Ethics of Humanitarian Interventions. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Books (pp. 129-160) (e- reserves)

February 17 Michael Walzer (Winter 1973) “Political Action: The Problem of Dirty Hands,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 2.2 (pp. 160-180) (online) (http://www.jstor.org/stable/2265139) Walter C. Soderlund et al (2008), Humanitarian Crisis and Intervention: Reassessing the Impact of Mass Media. Sterling, VA: Kumarian Press, Chapter 3, “Somalia, 1992: UNOSOM I, UNITAF, ‘Operation Restore Hope,’ UNOSOM II” (pp. 43-72) (e-reserves) Benjamin A. Valentino (2004) “Conclusion: Anticipating and preventing Mass Killing,” in Valentino, Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century (Cornell University Press, Ithaca): pp. 234-253 (e-reserves)

Unit 7: Terrorism

February 22 Ethics and World Politics, Chapter 18: “Terrorism,” Virginia Held (pp. 342-357) - Additional case study for Chapter 18: “Targeting 'Innocent Civilians' – The Case of Israel and Hamas.” Online (http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199548620/01student/additional_cases/) Hoffman, Bruce (1998) "Defining Terrorism." In Inside Terrorism. New York: Columbia 6

University Press, pp. 13-44 (e-reserves)

February 24 Juergensmeyer, Mark. "The Global Dimension of Religious Terrorism." In Hall and Biersteker, eds., 2002: 141-157. (e-reserves) Moghadam, Valentine M. "Violence and Terrorism: Feminist Observations on Islamist Movements, States, and the International System." Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations vol.1 no.2 (Summer 2002): 8-27. (online) (http://www.alternativesjournal.net/volume1/number2/valentine.htm) Camus, Albert. "The Just Assassins." Act 2. (First Published Paris: Editions Gallimard, 1950.) Translated by Henry Jones. New York: Penguin, 1984: 179-190. (e-reserves) Andrew Valls (2000) Ethics in International Affairs, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, Chapter 5, “Can Terrorism be Justified?” (pp. 65-80) (e-reserves)

Unit 8: Role of Non-Governmental Organizations

March 1 Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink (1998) Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics (Cornell University Press, Ithaca), Chapter 1 (pp. 1-38) (e-reserves) Joseph H. Carens, “The Problem of Doing Good in a World that Isn’t: Reflections on the Ethical Challenges Facing NGOs” and Thomas Pogge, “Respect and Disagreement: A Response to Joseph Carens” in Daniel A. Bell and Jean-Marc Coicaud, eds. (2007) Ethics in Action: The Ethical Challenges of International Human Rights Nongovernmental Organizations (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge), pp. 257-278 (e-reserves)

March 3 Philip Gourevitch (11 October 2010), “Alms Dealers,” The New Yorker, pp. 102-109 and “The Mail,” The New Yorker (01 November 2010), p. 8 (handout) Alex DeWaal (1997) Famine Crimes (Bloomington, IN), Chapter 4, “Retreat from Accountability II: The Humanitarian International,” pp. 65-85 (e-reserves) Reich, Robert B. (1990), “Who Is Us?” Harvard Business Review 68(1): 53-64. (online) (http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&db=bth&AN=9003120753&site=ehost-live&scope=site) Ethan B. Kapstein (Winter 1991/92), "We Are US: The Myth of the Multinational" The National Interest 26: 55-62. (e-reserves) Ngaire Woods (2003) "Order, Justice, the IMF, and the World Bank." Order and Justice in International Relations, eds. Rosemary Foot, John Gaddis and Andrew Hurrell (Oxford University Press, Oxford): 80-102. (e-reserves) IMF. "Camdessus Calls for Responsibility, Solidarity in Dealing with Challenges of Globalization." IMF Survey October 6 (1997): 292-94. (online) (http://vlex.com/vid/welcomes-consensus- sound-continued-54085710) Ethics and World Politics 7

Additional case study for Chapter 13: “Human Rights and the Exploitation of Natural Resources by a Multinational Corporation in a Developing Country” Online (http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199548620/01student/additional_cases/)

MARCH 5-13: SPRING BREAK, NO CLASSES

Unit 9: Nuclear Power and Weapons

March 15 Burton Richter (2010) “Nuclear Energy,” in Stephen H. Schneider et al, eds. Climate change science and policy, Chapter 46 (pp.467-475) (e-reserves) Joseph S. Nye (1986), Nuclear Ethics (New York: The Free Press), Chapter 4 (pp. 42-58) (e- reserves) Scott D. Sagan and Kenneth Waltz (2003) The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed, Chapter 1 (Waltz: “More May Be Better”), selections (pp. 9-29, 41-45) and Chapter 2 (Sagan: “More Will Be Worse”), selections (pp. 50-65, 69-84) (e-reserves)

Recommended: Joseph S. Nye (1986), Nuclear Ethics (New York: The Free Press), Chapter 2 (pp. 14-26)

March 17 Nina Tannenwald (Summer 1999) “The Nuclear Taboo: The United States and the Normative Basis of Nuclear Non-Use,” International Organization 53(3), pp. 433–468 (http://www.jstor.org/stable/2601286) **No Regular Class Meeting – Independent Viewing** Fail-Safe (1964) dir. Sidney Lumet (Columbia Pictures Corporation) (details TBA)

Unit 10: Distributive Justice

March 22 Ethics and World Politics, Chapter 14: “Poverty and global distributive justice,” Kok-Chor Tan (pp. 256-273) - Additional case study for Chapter 14: “Global Inequality and the 'Domestic Institutions Thesis'. (http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199548620/01student/additional_cases/) Peter Singer, "Famine, Affluence, and Morality," and Onora O'Neill, "Lifeboat Earth," in Beitz, et al., International Ethics (pp. 247-281) (e-reserves) Garrett Hardin (September 1974) "Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor," Psychology Today (online) (http://www.garretthardinsociety.org/articles/art_lifeboat_ethics_case_against_helping _poor.html)

March 24 8

Thomas Pogge (2005) “Recognized and Violated by International Law: The Human Rights of the Global Poor,” Leiden Journal of International Law 18(4): 717-745 (online) (http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext? type=6&fid=371030&jid=LJL&volumeId=18&issueId=04&aid=371028&bodyId=&membe rshipNumber=&societyETOCSession=&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0922156505002980) Tom Campbell (2007) “Poverty as a Violation of Human Rights: Inhumanity or Injustice?” in Freedom from Poverty as a Human Right: Who Owes What to the Very Poor? ed. Thomas Pogge (Oxford: Oxford University Press, and Paris: UNESCO), Chapter 2 (pp. 55- 74) (e-reserves) Roberto Gargarella, “The Right of Resistance in Situations of Severe Deprivation,” in Freedom from Poverty as a Human Right: Who Owes What to the Very Poor? ed. Thomas Pogge (Oxford: Oxford University Press, and Paris: UNESCO), Chapter 15 (pp. 359-374) (e- reserves)

Recommended: Thomas Pogge (2007) “Severe Poverty as a Human Rights Violation,” in Freedom from Poverty as a Human Right: Who Owes What to the Very Poor? ed. Thomas Pogge (Oxford: Oxford University Press, and Paris: UNESCO), Chapter 1 (pp. 11-54)

Unit 11: Borders and Migration

March 29 Ethics and World Politics, Chapters 7 and 20: “Defending community: nationalism, patriotism, and culture,” Margaret Moore (pp.130- 145) “Citizenship, immigration, and boundaries,” Arash Abizadeh (pp. 358-376) - Additional case study for Chapter 20: “Social versus Global Justice?” Online (http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199548620/01student/additional_cases/) Michael Walzer (Spring 1980) "The Moral Standing of States," Philosophy and Public Affairs (pp. 209-229) (online) (http://www.jstor.org/stable/2265115) David Luban (Summer 1980) "The Romance of the Nation-State," Philosophy and Public Affairs (pp. 392-397) (online) (http://www.jstor.org/stable/2265007)

Unit 12: Slavery and Human Trafficking

March 31 Reading, viewing, and other class activities TBA

April 5 Reading, viewing, and other class activities TBA

Unit 13: Environmental Concerns

April 7 Ethics and World Politics, Chapter 10: 9

“Green Political Theory,” Matthew Humphrey (pp. 181-199) Lorraine Elliott (2005) “Transnational Environmental Harm, Inequity and the Cosmopolitan Response,” in Peter Dauvergne, ed., Handbook of Global Environmental Politics (Edward Elgar), Chapter 29 (e-reserves) Bradley C. Parks and J. Timmons Roberts (2006) “Environmental and Ecological Justice,” in M. Betsill et al, eds., Palgrave Advances in International Environmental Politics (Palgrave), Chapter 12 (pp. 329-360) (e-reserves) Simon Caney (2009) “Climate Change, Human Rights and Moral Thresholds,” in Human Rights and Climate Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), edited by Stephen Humphreys (pp. 69-90) (e-reserves)

Recommended: Ambuj Sagar and Paul Baer (2010) “Inequities and Imbalances,” Chapter 24, and Paul Baer and Ambuj Sagar (2010) “Ethics, Rights, and Responsibilities,” Chapter 25, in Stephen H. Schneider et al, eds. Climate change science and policy (pp. 251-269)

Unit 14: Group Presentations

April 12 and April 14 April 19 and April 21

Unit 15: Civic Virtue in National and Global Contexts

April 26 Ethics and World Politics, Chapter 21: “Democracy and World Politics,” James Bohman (pp. 377-394) End of term review and discussion.