Midterm Study Guide s1

Name: ______Answer Key______Class: ______

Midterm Study Guide

The Team 6-A Midterm will cover material studied in the textbook – Chapters 6-4, 7, 8 and 9. Notes, reading sheets and quiz and text study guides should be used to complete this study guide.

Key Terms:

Federalists – _____those who supported the a strong Federal government and were in favor of the Constitution

Anti-Federalists – __those who feared a strong central government would take away people’s rights and favored local government controlled more closely by the people, would not support the Constitution without a bill of rights.

Federalism – __in this government system, power is divided between national and state governments

The Great Compromise – said representation in the Senate would be equal for all states, in the House of Representatives representation would be based on each state’s population.

Checks and Balances - _Each branch of government holds some control over the other two branches.

The Federalist Papers – ___A series of articles written by Madison, Hamilton and Jay in support of the Constitution.

Separation of Powers – __Each of the three branches of government has its own responsibilities

Depression – _a period when economic activity slows and unemployment increases – the US experienced this after the Revolution.

Partisan – __to favor one side of an issue.

Clause - _a special condition added to a formal document

Abandon – __to give up

Electoral College – __the special group which indirectly elects the president.

Framers – _the group who created the Constitution.

Compromise - _for each side to give up something it wants in order to end an argument.

Precedent – _a tradition – something done once which others then continue to do. Key People:

1.______James Madison_____ - created the Virginia Plan which was the foundation of the Constitution – was called the “Father of the Constitution” – he was part author of The Federalist Papers.

2._____John Locke______- a British philosopher who wrote that all people have natural rights of life, liberty and property (will use this name twice).

3.______John Adams______- The nation’s first vice president and second president.

4.____William Paterson______-proposed the New Jersey Plan

5.______George Washington ______-chosen by delegates to lead the Constitutional Convention

6. the men who shaped the Constitution are called the __architects or framers______

7.______Thomas Jefferson______-first leader of the Department of State

8.____John Locke______-influenced the framers of the Constitution with his writings that proposed that the government is based on a contract between the people and the ruler.

9. ______Montesquieu______-influenced the framers of the Constitution by writing that the powers of government should be separated and balanced against each other.

United States under the Articles of Confederation (Chapter 6-4 & 7):

10. Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress was UNABLE to pass _____import taxes______to help pay the national debt.

11. The U.S. went through an economic ____depression______after the Revolution.

12. George Washington was willing to revise the Articles of Confederation after hearing about ___Shay’s______Rebellion in Western Massachusetts.

The Constitutional Convention (Chapter 7)

13. Constitutional Convention delegates agreed to create a new national government based on the ____Virginia______Plan.

14. Convention delegates agreed the Constitution would have to be ratified (approved) by nine___(#) states to go into effect.

15. Those who opposed the Constitution feared the national government would take _rights______away from the people.

16. The series of essays published to support the Constitution, written by Madison, Hamilton and Jay was called _The Federalist Papers______. 17. The presence of George Washington____ and ___Benjamin Franklin__ at the convention helped the public trust the Constitutional Convention.

18. When the Constitution was complete, two delegates would not sign it because it lacked a _bill of rights______

19. The framers of the Constitution studied the history of political thought (Locke, Montesquieu) because: they wanted to avoid mistakes made in the past and use ideas that had worked

20. The Great Compromise broke the deadlock between large and small states, it said: ___representation in the Senate would be equal for all states, in the House of Representative it would be based on population of each state. ______

21. To keep Southern states part of the new nation, Northern states agreed to prevent Congress from interfering with the slave trade until ______1808__(a year).

The Constitution (Chapter 8)

22. The Constitution is based on _____seven___(a number) principles.

23. The strongest criticism of the Constitution was that it lacked: a bill of rights______

24. Article I establishes the: Legislative Branch______

Article II establishes the: Executive Branch______

Article III establishes the: Judicial Branch ______

25. The movement (of thought) that influenced the Constitution’s framers was called: The Enlightenment.

26. ___Federalism_____ is a key feature of the U.S. government that says power is shared between the Federal government and the states.

27. The last state to ratify the Constitution was: __ Rhode Island (the ninth state was New Hampshire)______

28. When the U.S. Constitution was complete two delegates refused to sign it because it did not have a:

Bill of rights.______

29. James Madison introduced the Bill of Rights to protect: __individual liberties or rights______

30. If a state’s law contradicts (goes against) a federal law, the __federal _law prevails (wins).

31. Individual Rights are addressed in the bill of rights______

32. The branch of government headed by the President is the _Executive______33. The branch of government that deals with the court system is called the __Judicial______

34. The branch of government that contains the Congress is called the Legislative______

35. The principle that keeps any one branch of the U.S. government from gaining too much power is _____checks and balances______

36. The branch that helps administrate or carry out the laws is the _Executive______

37. The Bill of Rights is intended to protect the individual rights of the people______

38. The process of changing the Constitution is started by: the Congress______

39. After hearing legal arguments about a case the Supreme Court justices present and explain a decision called ____the Court’s opinion______

40. The first words of the Constitution are: We the people______.

41. ____Federalists______are the group that supported the Constitution.

42.___Anti-Federalists______are the group that favored local government controlled more closely by the people, they did not support the Constitution without a bill of rights.

43. The Electoral College______the group that indirectly elects the president.

44. The ideas proposed by John Locke that influenced the framers of the Constitution: _government is a contract between the people and the ruler ______

45. The ideas proposed by Montesquieu that influenced the framers of the Constitution: ___government power should be separated and balanced______

46. The U.S. government may limit a citizen’s right to hold protests if public _health or safety_ is at risk.

47. The Amendment to the Constitution that protects the rights of people accused of crimes is the

____Fifth_____ Amendment.

48. The _First__ Amendment protects people’s basic rights: freedom of speech, religion,

press, freedom to petition and to protest.

49. There are no term limits for members of both the Senate___and House of Representatives_

50. The first ten Amendments to the Constitution are called: _the Bill of Rights____

Federalism – Washington and Adams (Chapter 9)

51. The __Judiciary Act of 1789_____ established the federal court system. 52. George Washington considered _political parties____ a serious or grave danger to the new U.S. and many Americans agreed with him that these were harmful to good government. Midterm Study Guide – Part 2

KEY TERMS

Popular sovereignty – people are the source of the government’s power

Neutrality - __the act of not taking a side in a dispute

Impressment - _to take persons by force and put them into service in the British navy against their will.

Speculator – _someone who spends money and takes a risk in the hopes of making a lot of money.

U.S. soil – all of the land and territory belonging to the U.S., including military bases

Naturalization – process by which someone born in another country can become a U.S. citizen

Laissez-faire – to reduce the power and size of the government

Privateers – armed private ships

Frigates - warships

Cabinet – in the executive branch, the departments and offices that advise the president

KEY PEOPLE

Edmond Genet - a French diplomat

Oliver Hazard Perry – commander of the Lake Erie naval forces in the War of 1812

Tecumseh – Shawnee Chief who built a confederacy among the Native American nations

Francis Scott Key – wrote the Star Spangled Banner during the Battle of Fort McHenry

Aaron Burr – Vice President to Jefferson, killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel

Zebulon Pike – explorer of lower western lands , the Grand Peak was named for him.

X, Y & Z – the French representatives who tried to bribe the U.S. to stop attacking US cargo ships

Andrew Jackson – became a national hero as a result of the Battle of New Orleans at the end of the War of 1812

Midnight judges – last minute judicial appointments of John Adams

Chapter 7-2

1. The Southern economy did depend on slave labor, the Northern economy did not depend on slave labor. 2. The uprising that occurred when the petition of Massachusetts farmers went unanswered was called Shays Rebellion.

Chapter 8-2

3. A state’s number of representatives may increase or decrease when it’s population changes.

4. To become a U.S. citizen, an immigrant must agree to the rights and responsibilities of citizenship.

Chapter 9

5. The Whiskey Rebellion was a protest about taxes

6. To secure use of the Mississippi River the US and Spain signed Pinckney’s Treaty.

7. In 1794 the British began building a for in the area now called Ohio.

8. The treaty that opened most of Ohio to white settlers was the Greenville Treaty.

9. To bar French and British warships from American Ports and keep the US out of a foreign war, Washington issued the Proclamation of Neutrality.

10. The Federalist Party felt the Alien and Sedition Acts, passed in 1798, would protect the nation’s security.

11. 72. The three French agents who demanded a bribe and a loan from the Americans were referred to as X,Y & Z by John Adams.

12. The Federalist Party leaders claimed the Alien and Sedition Acts, passed in 1798, would protect the nation’s security. 13. The act of kidnapping American sailors and forcing them into the British navy was called: impressment

14. The Whisky Rebellion was a protest over taxes.

15. Pinckney’s Treaty was an agreement between the US and Spain over use of the Mississippi River and New Orleans..

Chapter 10

16. The election of 1800 was decided by the House of Representatives

17. Jefferson believed in reducing the power and size of the government, a philosophy called: Laissez-faire.

18. The last minute judicial appointments by Adams were called: midnight judges.

19. The case which was the first time the US Supreme Court reviewed and ruled on acts of the other branches was called

20. Congress passed the Twelfth Amendment to prevent another showdown between a presidential and vice-presidential candidate.

21. The war between France and Britain in the mid-1790s affected the US shipping business in that it caused and increase in American shipping.

22. Before it was transferred in 1802, the Louisiana Territory belonged to Spain.

23. After it was transferred in 1802, the Louisiana Territory belonged to France. 24. Jefferson believed that French control of Louisiana Territory would hurt US trade on the Mississippi River.

25. Lewis and Clark’s expedition collected valuable information on land, plants, animals, people and geography

26. The size of the U.S. doubled with the Louisiana Purchase

27. As a result of a duel, Alexander Hamilton died in 1804.

28. The event that enraged Americans in 1807 was the British firing on the U.S. ship, Chesapeake

29. The Shawnee chief who built a confederacy among the Native Americans was Tecumseh

30. The capital of the Native American confederation was called Prophetstown

31. When Tecumseh died, hopes also died for a Native American Confederation

32. Important buildings burned by the British in the War of 1812 included: the Capitol and the White House.

33. The battle in the War of 1812 that made Andrew Jackson a hero and helped lead to his presidency was The Battle of New Orleans.