Chapter 10A Practice Test

Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. What caused the American fur trade to move westward in the early 1800s? a. Fur companies wiped out the beaver population in the East in their effort to meet European demand for the popular “high hat.” b. The American Fur Company sent mountain men to the West in its effort to beat its competitors from Europe and the East. c. Fur trappers called “mountain men” wanted to be the first to map western territory and asked the American Fur Company to sponsor their journey. d. American Indian trappers from the Pacific Northwest were acclaimed for their skill and eastern companies wanted to know their secrets. ____ 2. Which of the following does not account for why American settlers moved to the Pacific Northwest? a. The fair climate and rich soil of Oregon Country appealed to farmers. b. The Panic of 1837 caused many economic hardships to American settlers. c. The Great Plains offered little to farmers who were used to abundant rainfall. d. The territorial acquisitions of the U.S. and Spain forced settlers off their land. ____ 3. Which was true about the Oregon Trail? a. It ran through the Sierra Nevadas. b. It required protection by U.S. government troops. c. It was a popular route for merchants. d. It took six months to travel. ____ 4. When they first moved from New York in the early 1830s, what did Mormons hope to find in the West? a. gold and other natural resources b. a site for their Great Temple c. a sense of religious freedom d. a set of silver tablets with religious teachings ____ 5. By December 1860, the Mormon population of Utah had reached about 40,000 people because of the efforts of which church leader? a. Brigham Young c. John Jacob Astor b. Joseph Smith d. John Sutter ____ 6. What was the significance of Father Hidalgo y Costilla’s rebellion? a. It pushed American settlers back over Mexico’s northern border, but failed to achieve a ban on slavery. b. It failed to overthrow the Spanish monarch, but inspired the independence movement to grow. c. It showed that Christian beliefs could succeed in uniting large groups for political causes. d. It succeeded in stopping Spanish agents from giving American Indian and mestizo land to settlers. ____ 7. After 1824, all of the following created conflicts between the Mexican government and American settlers in Texas except Mexico’s a. requirement of citizenship. c. prohibition on importing slaves. b. strict enforcement of its laws. d. heavy taxation of settled lands. ____ 8. Why was the Battle of the Alamo significant to the outcome of the Texas Revolution? a. Frontiersman Davy Crockett and Colonel Jim Bowie joined the Texan defenses. b. Prisoners who had surrendered at Goliad were released, adding to the Texan defenses. c. The Texans were beaten, but Sam Houston’s forces were inspired to win the Battle of San Jacinto. d. The Texans suffered heavy losses, but the survivors overcame Antonio López de Santa Anna’s army. ____ 9. What is another way of saying “manifest destiny”? a. “clear choice” c. “people’s future” b. “obvious fate” d. “humanity’s end” ____ 10. Why did President John Tyler, a Whig from Virginia, favor the annexation of Texas during the Election of 1844? a. He was pressured by southerners who threatened to give their votes to Senator Henry Clay. b. He thought the annexation of Texas would increase the power of southern slave states. c. He wanted Texas to be a free state that could not compete with the South’s plantations. d. He stood in opposition to James K. Polk, who ran on a platform against annexation. ____ 11. Why did some politicians support James K. Polk’s interest in annexing Oregon? a. Disputes over the U.S. border with Canada would be easier to settle. b. Merchants would benefit from a Pacific port for trade with China. c. Free and slave states were out of balance since the annexation of Texas. d. Explorers reported spotting gold dust along the banks of the Columbia River. ____ 12. Which were the last to arrive in California? a. Vaqueros. b. Native Americans. c. 49ers. d. Saber-toothed tigers. ____ 13. In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain. What happened in California as a result? a. Californios fought for independence from Mexico. b. Mexican businessmen planned a rail route to Canada. c. American Indians were given parcels of land called ranchos. d. Mexican officials terminated the mission system. ____ 14. What happened during the Bear Flag Revolt? a. A union of Spanish settlers rose up against the Californios in the Mission district of San Francisco. b. General Taylor led his troops across the Rio Grande to protect Texas against a Mexican uprising. c. John C. Frémont’s mapping expedition fought off a black bear while crossing the Sierra Nevadas. d. A small group of Americans seized the town of Sonoma and declared California’s independence. ____ 15. How did the Gadsden Purchase benefit the United States? a. It promised to safeguard the property rights of longtime U.S. residents. b. It gave the U.S. hunting rights in the area of Texas north of the Rio Grande. c. It allowed the U.S. to purchase the northern part of present day Arizona. d. It secured a southern route for a transcontinental railroad on American soil. ____ 16. Which of the following was a result of the mixing of various cultures in the Southwest after the Mexican Cession? a. American settlers taught Mexican Americans about mining in the mountains. b. American settlers introduced saddles and other tools to Mexican American ranchers. c. American Indians inspired the use of adobe as a building material in the Southwest. d. American Indians were taught to use money by Spanish settlers in the Southwest. ____ 17. In the 1830s to 1840s, why did a growing number of Americans travel the California Trail? a. Recently published Anglo-Californian guidebooks persuaded settlers to move to the region. b. Taken by the spirit of “manifest destiny,” many Americans decided to settle permanently at the continent’s western edge. c. American and Mexican merchants would meet in California to trade factory-made goods for precious coins, hides, and tallow. d. American cattle ranchers were attracted by the Spanish government’s promise of Mexican land. ____ 18. Which description best fits the group of people known as “forty-niners”? a. gold-seekers from America and abroad who migrated to California b. middle-aged married men with previous gold-mining experience c. individualistic prospectors of California gold-mining sites d. Mexicans and South Americans who immigrated to find gold ____ 19. Which of the following is not an example of how Americans made life difficult for Chinese immigrants? a. by placing a high monthly tax on all foreign miners b. by making Chinese workers targets of violent attacks c. by favoring Americans over immigrants in courts of law d. by prohibiting Chinese immigrants from opening their own businesses ____ 20. Who was Biddy Mason? a. An African American woman who arrived in California as a slave and gained freedom and wealth. b. An African American woman who settled out West with her husband after they struck gold at Negro Hill. c. A pioneer woman who published many books about mining life in California that are still popular today. d. A pioneer woman who supported moral and social causes like the banning of slavery in the West. ____ 21. As a result of the population explosion of the “gold fever” years, California became a. eligible for statehood. b. richer than any other region in the country. c. more populous than any other region in the country. d. off limits to new immigrants.

____ 22. Manifest destiny was the belief that it was the fate of the United States to a. set limits to other countries’ progress. b. settle land and spread democracy. c. trade with all countries. d. conquer other countries.

____ 23. In 1833 the Mexican government disbanded the mission system and a. sold the land. b. gave huge land grants to wealthy settlers. c. returned the land to the Native Americans. d. used the land to negotiate with the U.S. government.

____ 24. While many settlers followed the Oregon Trail, the Santa Fe Trail was used mostly by a. traders. c. mountain men. b. Mormons. d. Californios.

PRACTICING SOCIAL STUDIES SKILLS Study the graph below and answer the questions that follow.

____ 25. By how much did San Francisco’s population increase between 1847 and 1850? a. from 5,000 to 25,000 c. from 5,000 to 10,000 b. from 1,000 to 35,000 d. from 1,000 to 25,000

Completion Complete each statement.

26. 18. American expansionists cried “______” in reference to the line to which they wanted their northern territory to extend. 27. ______was an influential Californio who encouraged American rule in California 28. A dispute over the border between Mexico and the United States led to the ______.

29. ______founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in western New York. Matching

In the space provided, write the letter of the term or place that matches each description. Some answers will not be used. a. Antonio López de Santa Anna h. Santa Fe Trail b. Brigham Young i. Stephen F. Austin c. James K. Polk j. the Alamo d. Jim Beckwourth k. the Gadsden Purchase e. John Jacob Astor l. the Oregon Trail f. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla m. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo g. Sam Houston ____ 30. The first president of Texas ____ 31. Fur merchant who founded a fur trading post called Astoria ____ 32. An empresario who started a colony on the lower Colorado River in 1822 ____ 33. An African American fur trapper and explorer ____ 34. U.S. president who promised to annex Oregon and Texas Chapter 10A Practice Test Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 STA: 8.8.2 2. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 STA: 8.8.2 3. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 STA: 8.8.2 4. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.2 5. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.2 6. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 STA: 8.8.5 7. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 STA: 8.8.6 8. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 STA: 8.8.6 9. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.2 10. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 STA: 8.8.2 | 8.8.6 11. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 STA: 8.8.2 12. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.5 13. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 STA: 8.8.5 14. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.6 15. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 STA: 8.8.6 16. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.6 17. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 STA: 8.8.2 18. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.2 19. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 STA: 8.8.2 20. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.3 21. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.2 22. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.2 23. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.5 24. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.2 25. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 STA: 8.8.2

COMPLETION

26. ANS: Fifty-four forty or fight!

PTS: 1 DIF: 2 STA: 8.5.2 27. ANS: Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo

PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.5 28. ANS: Mexican-American War

PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.6 29. ANS: Joseph Smith

PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.2 MATCHING

30. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.6 31. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.6 32. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.5 33. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.2 34. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 STA: 8.8.2