AP Biology: Evolution

(Copy the title, problem, and summarized background neatly in your lab notebook) AP Biology: Cellular Processes ______Big Idea 2 Investigation 5: Photosynthesis

Problem: What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis in living leaves?

Background: (Read the background in the AP lab packet, then do the following:  Write the equation for photosynthesis  Summarize/Discuss thoroughly how you will determine the rate of photosynthesis by using the information on pg. S62. The discussion should be paragraph form that would make sense to you and the reader)

(Copy the big idea, enduring understandings and learning objective codes in your lab notebook) Big Idea 2: Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis.

Enduring Understandings  1B1: Organisms share many conserved core processes and features that evolved and are widely distributed among organisms today.  2A1: All living systems require constant input of free energy.  2A2: Organisms capture and store free energy for use in biological processes.  2B3: Eukaryotic cells maintain internal membranes that partition the cell into specialized regions (e.g., mitochondria).  4A2: The structure and function of subcelllular components, and their interactions, provide essential cellular processes.  4A6: Interactions among living systems and with their environment result in movement of matter and energy.

Learning Objectives: 1.15, 1.16, 2.2, 2.4, 2.14, 4.5, 4.14  1.15 The student is able to describe specific examples of conserved core biological processes and features shared by all domains or within one domain of life, and how these shared, conserved core processes and features support the common ancestry for all organisms (1B1 & SP 7.2).  1.16 The student is able to justify the scientific claim that organisms share many conserved core processes and features that evolved and are widely distributed among organisms today (1B1 & SP 6.1).  2.2 The student is able to justify a scientific claim that free energy is required for living systems to maintain organization, to grow or to reproduce, but that multiple strategies exist in different living systems. (2A1 & SP 6.1).  2.4 The student is able to use representations to pose scientific questions about what mechanisms and structural features allow organisms to capture, store, and use free energy. (2A2 SP 1.4, SP 3.1)  2.14 The student is able to use representations and models to describe differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (2B3 & SP 1.4).  4.5 The student is able to construct explanations based on scientific evidence as to how interactions of subcellular structures provide essential functions. (4A2 & SP 6.2)  4.14 The student is able to apply mathematical routines to quantities that describe interactions among living systems and their environment, which result in the movement of matter and energy. (4A6 & SP 2.2). (Also read the summarized learning objectives in your AP packet)

(Copy the general safety precautions, investigations and getting started headings in your lab notebooks) General Safety Precautions: (Summarize the safety concerns and precautions in your lab notebook)

(Copy the investigation and getting started headings in your lab notebook) The Investigations: Getting Started: (You will need to review the properties of light and how it interacts with matter. Do the Concord Consortium web activity described in your lab packet. While going through the activity, record any questions you may have in your lab notebook.)

(Copy the procedures heading into your lab notebook) Procedures: (Please read/study the procedures so you will be prepared for the lab. What will be the most challenging skill for this lab?) (Summarize the basic steps of the leaf disc assay)

Data: (Create a data table for each cup (with CO2 and without CO2) that includes the recording time (in minutes) and number of discs floating. Also create a graph for each. Then describe what is meant by ET50 and determine your ET50 for each cup.) Designing and Conducting Your Investigation: (Read this section of your lab packet, then design and conduct your own experiment. Make sure you document the following in your lab notebook: o Problem (in the form of a question) o Identification of variables (independent, dependent, and constants) o Hypothesis, if (independent variable) then (dependent variable) … because (reason) o Materials (list) o Procedure (numbered sequence of steps) o Results (data tables/graphs) o Analysis of results (paragraph form, full sentences that makes sense to you and the reader) o Refer back to the initial question (problem) o Was your hypothesis supported or refuted by your data? Couple your answer cited data and discussion. o What are some possible sources of error that might affect the validity of the data? Make recommendations to eliminate these errors. o What specific question(s) do you have for future experimentation?