Computer Tech Test Review Vocabulary
1. What does an AUP tell you?
a. Things you can’t use on the school computers-games, websites, etc...
2. What type of indent did we use on our works cited pages?
a. Hanging Indent
3. What type of chart shows data over time?
a. Line Chart
4. What type of chart shows a piece compared to the whole?
a. Pie Chart
5. List the size of bytes in order.
a. Bit, byte, kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte
6. What is slide sorter view in PowerPoint?
a. A small thumbnail view of each slide in your presentation
7. What are ethics?
a. Principals that guide behavior
8. What are hyperlinks? a. Links that get you to different sites
9. What links 2 or more computers?
a. Network
10. What is the difference between Hardware and Software?
a. Hardware is the physical touchable parts of the computer
b. Software is the programs that are on the computer that we use.
11. What is the difference between input and output? Some examples?
a. Input is how things are put into the computer-Keyboard, mouse, scanner, bar code reader
b. Output is the results of processed data-Monitor, speaker, printer, headphones
12. What is a browser?
a. Allows you to view websites
13. What are some examples of a search engine?
a. Google, Yahoo, Bing
14. What are the different types of alignment?
a. Left, Right, Center, Justify
15. What are the different domains and their uses?
a. .com-commercial
b. .net-network
c. .org-non-profit organization
d. .int-international e. .mil-military
f. .edu-education
g. .gov-government
16. What is Spam
a. Unsolicited email “junk email”
17. What is an example of a secure site where you could put personal information online?
A job application
A collection of raw data from the outside world that is put into the Input computer. Processing Manipulating data – Bold, italicize, underline, double space in a word processor – Enter formulas and calculate totals in a spreadsheet – Edit a picture
Output The results of processed data Data is entered through various forms (input) into a computer, the data is manipulated (processing), and then information is presented to a human (output Storage Boot Process The sequence of events that occurs when you turn the computer on and when it becomes ready to process data Hardware The physical, touchable parts of the computer. Software A term that is used in contrast to hardware; everything in the computer that is not hardware is software.
Operating The Operating System is the master controller on your computer. Computers cannot function without an operating system. System The OS manages the computer's memory, processing, Software software and hardware. Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.
Application An application (or app) is software designed to help the user perform specific tasks Peripheral Any hardware device connected to the computer that expands the computer’s input, output and storage capabilities Devices Mouse A hand-operated input device that controls the cursor on the screen as you move it around on a desktop. Scanner Scanners are used to convert images or text on paper into a digital image format Microphone A microphone is used to input sound. The sound is detected by the microphone and an electronic signal is transmitted to the computer Graphic Tablet Graphics tables are used by graphics designers and illustrators to input data. They create accurate drawings on a screen that could not be produced with a mouse or stylus
Monitor Most commonly used output device. The picture on a monitor is made up of tiny colored dots called pixels
Plotter A large document printer which is able to draw high quality images on very large pieces of paper (example: 3 feet wide by 10 feet long)
Inkjet Printer An output device that produces a hard copy by spraying ink on paper Speakers Most computers have a small internal speaker that produces beeping sounds when you make an error.
Computers can be fitted with a sound card which enables sound (audio) to be output through external speakers. Trackball A pointing device that works like a mouse turned upside down; the ball in on top of the device Touchpad An input device used to move the cursor on a laptop computer Laser Printer An output device that prints similar to a photo copy machine. It uses powdered ink called ‘toner’ to fuse onto the paper by heat and pressure Keyboard The most commonly used input device It is made up of : – Alphabetic Keys – Numeric Keys – Function Keys – Command Keys Connected to the computer through a USB connection or wirelessly Touch Screen The only device that serves as both an input and output device. You view the options available to you on the screen (output) and then use your finger to touch the option you have chosen (input). Digital Camera An input device that takes photographs and stores them as digital files on a computer. Joy Stick Joysticks are input devices, similar to a mouse, that allow you to move the cursor in any direction. Web Cam It is an input device that captures a video or image of the scene in front of it. Some are built into the computer (i.e. Laptop), others are connected via USB cable
Projector A device which connects to a computer and is used to project the output from the computer onto a wall or screen.
Biometric Uses a body feature of a person seeking access to identify and authorize that person Device – Fingerprint scanner – Iris scan – Access card (can be scanned like a credit card or contain a radio frequency transmitter used to identify the card holder)
Graphical User An interface allows you, the user, to communicate with your computer. GUI lets you use a mouse to click on icons, buttons Interface and menus Multitasking You can have more than one application open at the same time Mobile App Are simple applications that can be downloaded from the Internet cheaply or even for free. Many apps are available for mobile devices and even some TVs. Icon An image (graphic) that represents an executable file Menu A dropdown list or table of executable options
A computer that is designed to meet the needs of one individual. Desktop PC Has a central processing unit housed in a metal case (often called a tower) along with a keyboard, mouse and monitor. Intended for use at one single location Laptop A portable computer that integrates a monitor, keyboard, touchpad, pointing stick, and speakers into one single unit Netbook Smaller portable computer that is more lightweight and has less processing power than a laptop
Tablet Mini, flat mobile computer that uses a touch-sensitive screen for input and navigation Mobile Device A small, pocket-sized computing device with a touch screen and memory card for data storage Server A computer that provides users with access to files and printers on a network Mainframe A Large, powerful computer that carries out different tasks for thousands of people at the same time Super Computer The fastest and most expensive computers in the world at the time it is created Wearable Electronic devices that are integrated into watches, wristbands, belts, glasses, or even clothing. Computer Embedded A single chip that contains all of the elements essential for any computer Computer RAM / ROM CPU Input / Output Clock
The area in the computer that temporarily holds data waiting to be Memory processed RAM RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is the memory that holds your data as you manipulate (process) it. The data stays in RAM until you save it. RAM is volatile which means ‘temporary memory ROM ROM stands for Read Only Memory. ROM contains the instructions the computer uses when it ‘boots up’. Because the data is ‘read only’, it can be read but not changed by the user. The data is not erased when the computer is switched off—the data is stored permanently. This is called ‘non-volatile memory’. Therefore, ROM is “permanent memory” Binary Code Binary code is the language that computers use to communicate and process information. It is a coding system using the 0 and 1 to represent a letter, digit, or symbols in a computer or other electronic device Bit Each 0 or 1 is called a bit. A bit is the smallest unit of information that a computer handles
Byte A combination of eight bits is called a byte. One byte (8 bits) represents a single letter, symbol, or digit.
Kilobyte Approximately one thousand bytes Megabyte Approximately one million bytes Gigabyte Approximately one billion bytes Terabyte Approximately one trillion bytes Storage The place in the computer where data is held while it is not needed for processing
Magnetic A means of recording or saving data onto disks or tape by magnetizing particles Storage Hard Drive A mass storage device located inside the computer’s system unit (tower External Hard A hard drive that has its own separate case and sit outside of your computer’s system unit Drive Floppy Disk The floppy disk, once an icon of the computer age, is becoming obsolete
Magnetic Tape Used by some businesses to backup and archive large amounts of data.
Optical Storage Optical storage is the use of low powered lasers to save (burn) and read data from CDs and DVDs.
CD Compact Disk DVD Electronic Electronic storage is the use of a chip to electronically save, erase or reprogram data. Examples of devices that use Electronic Storage Storage: – SD (secured digital) Cards, Flash Drives, Solid State Drives
Flash Drive A portable storage device that uses electronic storage and has an integrated USB port
Memory Card A memory card is also known as a flash card, SD Card or memory stick
Cloud Photos and Videos, Services, Music, Documents, Calendar, Apps, Email, Data Storage and Backup Computing CD-ROM Permanent, cannot be changed. CD-R Can be changed once, after it becomes read only. CD-RW Can be changed and rewritten over and over. Volatile Temporary Memory, can be deleted Non-Volatile Permanent Memory, cannot be changed. SaaS Software as a Service. No need to buy software and install it on your computer. SaaS allows you to rent access to software. Software is not installed on your PC—instead it is installed and run on computers operated by a software supplier Solid State It means that data is stored to devices via electronic semiconductors that are built from solid materials that have no Drive moving parts
Processing means manipulating data. Processing takes place in the CPU Processing • CPU=Central Processing Unit CPU CPU is sometimes just called processor. It is the brains of the computer. It is located on the Motherboard Motherboard A circuit board located in the computer’s system unit Circuit The paths data follows in the computer Silicon Chip Small computer chips that contains millions of transistors and other electronic components that control the flow of electrical current on the motherboard Data Data = Raw facts • Data has no context; it’s just numbers and text Information Processed Data RAM Random Access Memory. The memory that stores data as you process it. Cannot store when the computer is turned off ROM Stores the instructions the computer uses when it boots Volatile Temporary memory Non-Volatile Permanent memory Hertz Refers to the speed of the processor (clock-speed) • Hertz represents how quickly the CPU can interpret instructions from the operating system and applications. Megahertz One million cycles per second Gigahertz One billion cycles per second. Celeron A low to middle-end computer processor used for basic applications Pentium A brand of processors created by the company Intel intended for middle to high-end computers Multi-core A single chip that contains two or more independent central processing units called "cores" Dual Core 2 Cores
ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency Network Network A collection of computers and other hardware components interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information. PAN Personal Area Network LAN Local Area Network- Computer network that is located within a limited geographical area, such as a school or small business WAN Interconnected group of computers and peripherals that cover a large geographical area, such as multiple buildings Examples The Davis School District Network The Internet File Server A computer connected to a network that distributes resources to other users Host Computer Refers to any computer that provides services to network users Workstation Refers to a personal computer connected to a network Client Refers to the software on a computer that allows the user to access the server NIC Network Interface Card- Small circuit board that coverts the digital signals from a computer into signals that can travel over a network A unique identifying number assigned to each computer IP Address connected to the internet Wi-Fi A mechanism for wirelessly connecting electronic devices. A device enabled with Wi-Fi, such as a personal computer, video game console, smartphone, or digital audio player, can connect to the Internet via a wireless network access point Modem A device that sends and receives data to and from computers over telephone lines Hub A device that connects several components of a network Router A device that connects at least two networks Switch A network switch or switching hub is a computer networking device that connects network segments or network devices Gateway A device that serves as an entrance to another network
A computer program that can replicate itself and spread from one computer to another. The term "virus" is also commonly, but Computer Virus erroneously, used to refer to other types of malware, including but not limited to adware and spyware programs that do not have a reproductive ability. Trojan Horse A type of malware that masquerades as a legitimate file or helpful program with the ultimate purpose of granting a hacker unauthorized access to a computer.
Worm A standalone malware computer program that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers. Often, it uses a computer network to spread itself.
Dictionary Uses a targeted technique of successively trying all the words in an exhaustive list called a dictionary to find out passwords on a Attack computer system. File Virus A type of computer virus that inserts its malicious code into executable files on a system Malware Short for malicious software, software designed specifically to damage or disrupt a system, such as a virus or a Trojan horse.
Adware Adware is the common name used to describe software that is given to the user with advertisements embedded in the application.
Spyware Any software that covertly gathers user information through the user's Internet connection without his or her knowledge, usually for advertising purposes.
Freeware VS. Freeware is software downloaded at no charge to the user. There may be a charge for Shareware after a trial period. Shareware Phishing The act of sending an e-mail to a user falsely claiming to be an established legitimate enterprise in an attempt to scam the user into surrendering private information that will be used for identity theft. Spoofing The act of sending an e-mail to a user falsely claiming to be an established legitimate enterprise in an attempt to scam the user into surrendering private information that will be used for identity theft.
Social In the realm of computers, the act of obtaining or attempting to obtain otherwise secure data by conning an individual into Engineering revealing secure information. Social engineering is successful because its victims innately want to trust other people and are naturally helpful.
War Driving The act of driving around in a vehicle with a laptop computer, an antenna, and an 802.11 wireless LAN adapter to exploit existing wireless networks.
The master controller on a computer; it manages the computer’s Operating processing, software, and hardware. System Shortcut A link to an item (such as a file, folder, or program) usually placed on the desktop or pinned to the taskbar on your computer Icon A graphical image or symbol that represents an executable file Taskbar Button Shows an icon that represents the open program. Command Executes a command; makes something happen when you click them. Buttons Radio Buttons Round dots that allow the user to make one choice among two or more options Check Boxes Allow users to select multiple options at the same time Dropdown List Click an arrow to select from multiple options Elevator Button Click to increase or decrease Textbox Type in the box Program Another name for software Recycle Bin Contains the files and folders that you have deleted A feature in Windows that provides quick access to programs in the left Start Menu: column, and libraries and system settings in the right column Aero Snap Used to move the windows to various parts of the screen. Aero Peek Used to aim at the windows open on the taskbar; lets you look at what you have open Used to minimize all files and allows you to focus on one window when Aero Shake multiple windows are open
Aero Flip Alt + Tab Windows Key + Tab Allows the user to look through all the windows Aero Flip 3D that are currently open
The bar at the bottom of the window that is used to launch and Taskbar monitor running applications Placing an icon/shortcut on the taskbar that you can use to launch Pinning applications Right click on the icons on the taskbar to open this feature. Provides Jump List shortcuts for users right from the icon's on the taskbar. The background image on your computer screen on which windows, Desktop icons, and other graphical items appear.
A computer program that blanks the screen or fills it with moving Screensaver images or patterns when the computer is not in use. Programs that you can place on your desktop such as clock, calendar, Gadgets slideshow and more.
Supplied software on a CD/DVD, which leads the user through the Installation installation process. It normally runs the installation process and Wizard provides feedback on installation results.
Launched by clicking on the folder icon on taskbar): A file management Windows tool that allows you to browse, view, move, copy and delete files. Explorer Make it easier to find (search), work with, and organize files scattered Libraries across your PC or network; it brings your files together in one place—no matter where it's actually stored on your computer.
Windows 7 A fast and easy method to find files on your computer Search Add descriptive words or details to your files to make the files easier to Tags find in Windows 7.
When your session is stored in memory, but operates at a low power Sleep Mode state.
When the computer saves your last session, but completely turns off. Hibernate Mode When you restart the computer, it restores your previous session.
A collection of data stored in a computer’s memory or on a storage File device under a single identifying name.
Folder A container for your files. A group of letters occurring after a period in a file name, indicating the File Extension type of file the document was saved as. Example: .xls, .doc .pdf File Association This connects a file with an application capable of opening that file