Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in South Australia, 2015 ABARES

Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in South Australia, 2015

Research by the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences About my region 15.51 April 2015 Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in South Australia, 2015 ABARES

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ISBN TBA ABARES project 43009

Internet Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in South Australia 2015 is available at agriculture.gov.au/abares. Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES) Postal address GPO Box 858 Canberra ACT 2601 Switchboard +61 2 6272 3933 Facsimile +61 2 6272 2001 Email [email protected] Web agriculture.gov.au/abares Inquiries about the licence and any use of this document should be sent to [email protected]. The Australian Government acting through the Department of Agriculture, represented by the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences, has exercised due care and skill in preparing and compiling the information and data in this publication. Notwithstanding, the Department of Agriculture, ABARES, its employees and advisers disclaim all liability, including for negligence and for any loss, damage, injury, expense or cost incurred by any person as a result of accessing, using or relying upon information or data in this publication to the maximum extent permitted by law. Acknowledgements ABARES relies on the voluntary cooperation of farmers participating in the annual Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey, Australian Dairy Industry Survey, and Australian Vegetable Growing Farms Survey to provide data used in the preparation of this report. Without their help, these surveys would not be possible. ABARES farm survey staff collected most of the information presented in this report through on-farm interviews with farmers. This regional profile was updated by Therese Thompson, Peter Martin, Haydn Valle, Timothy Connolly, Lucy Randall, Kasia Mazur and Sharan Singh. Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in South Australia, 2015 ABARES

Contents

3 Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in South Australia, 2015 ABARES

Maps Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in South Australia, 2015 ABARES

1) Regional overview

South Australia covers a total area of around 984 200 square kilometres and is home to approximately 1 596 600 people (ABS 2011). Agricultural land in South Australia occupies 540 240 square kilometres, or around 55 per cent of the state. Areas classified as conservation and natural environments (nature conservation, protected areas and minimal use) occupy 399 820 square kilometres, or 41 per cent of the state. The most common land use by area is grazing natural vegetation, which occupies 427 510 square kilometres or 43 per cent of the state.

Map 1 Broad land use of South Australia

Source: Catchment scale land use of Australia – update March 2014 (ABARES, 2014)

Map 2 Agricultural industries of South Australia

Source: Catchment scale land use of Australia – update March 2014 (ABARES, 2014) Employment

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data from the 2014 Labour Force Survey indicate that around 803 200 people were employed in South Australia. South Australia accounts for 7 per cent of total employment in Australia and 14 per cent of all people employed in the Australian agriculture, forestry and fishing sector.

Health care and social assistance was the largest employment sector with 114 200 people followed by retail trade with 87 900 people (Figure 1). Other important employment sectors in the state were manufacturing (77 800 people), education and training (64 300 people) and construction (63 500). The agriculture, forestry and fishing sector employed 44 200 people, representing 5 per cent of the state’s workforce. Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in South Australia, 2015 ABARES

Figure 1 Employment profile, South Australia, November 2014

Health Care and Social Assistance Retail Trade Manufacturing Education and Training Construction Accommodation and Food Services Public Administration and Safety Professional, Scientific and Technical Services Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Transport, Postal and Warehousing Other Services Administrative and Support Services Wholesale Trade Financial and Insurance Services Mining Arts and Recreation Services Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services Information Media and Telecommunications

Employed total ('000 ) - 50 100 150

Note: Annual average of the preceding 4 quarters. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, cat. no. 6291.0, Labour Force, Australia

2) Agriculture sector

Value of agricultural production

In 2012–13, the gross value of agricultural production (GVAP) in South Australia was $5.6 billion, which was 12 per cent of the total gross value of agricultural production in Australia ($48 billion).

The most important commodity in South Australia based on the gross value of agricultural production was wheat (Figure 2). In 2012–13, wheat contributed 20 per cent ($1 billion) to the value of agricultural production in the state. Vegetables accounted for 10 per cent ($571 million), with the major crops being potatoes ($242 million), onions ($95 million), mushrooms ($60 million), carrots ($52 million), and tomatoes ($43 million). Barley accounted for 9 per cent ($491 million) and wine grapes contributed 8 per cent ($435 million) to the value of agricultural production in the state. Fruit and nuts (excluding grapes) accounted for 8 per cent ($429 million), with the major crops being oranges ($124 million), almonds ($61 million), apples ($47 million), strawberries ($37 million), and mandarins ($33 million).

Figure 2 Value of agricultural production, South Australia, 2012–13

Wheat Vegetables Barley Wine grapes Fruit and nuts (excluding grapes) Wool Sheep and lambs Cattle and calves Poultry Pigs Canola Milk Hay Nurseries, cut flowers and turf Other

$m 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Sourc e: Australian Bureau of Statistics, cat. no. 7503.0, Value of agricultural commodities produced, Australia Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in South Australia, 2015 ABARES

Number and type of farms

In 2012–13, there were 13 025 farms in South Australia with an estimated value of agricultural operations of more than $5000 (Table 1). The state accounts for 10 per cent of all farm businesses in Australia.

Farms are classified in Table 1 according to the activities that generate most of their value of production. Fruit and nuts farms (2332 farms) were the most common, accounting for 18 per cent of all farms in South Australia.

Table 1 Number of farms, by industry classification, 2012–13 South Australia Australia Industry Classification no. % no. % Fruit and nuts 2 332 18 10 136 8 Mixed grains and livestock 2 253 17 11 558 9 Grain growing 2 136 16 11 595 9 Sheep 1 626 12 11 938 9 Beef Cattle 1 336 10 39 380 31 Mixed livestock 615 5 6 434 5 Vegetable 469 4 3 980 3 Dairy 366 3 7 612 6 Other livestock 316 2 4 123 3 Nurseries, Cut Flowers and Turf 90 1 1 558 1 Poultry 90 1 1 031 1 Other 1 339 10 17 817 14 Total Agriculture 13 025 100 128 682 100 Note: Estimated value of agricultural operations greater than $5000. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics

There is a large percentage of small farms in the region in terms of their value of agricultural output. Estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) is a measure of the value of production from farms and a measure of their business size. Around 28 per cent of farms in South Australia had an EVAO of less than $50 000 (Figure 3). These farms accounted for only 2 per cent of the total value of agricultural operations in 2012–13. In comparison, 30 per cent of farms in the state had an EVAO of more than $350 000 and accounted for an estimated 80 per cent of the total value of agricultural operations in the state.

Figure 3 Distribution of farms by estimated value of agricultural operations, South Australia, 2012–13 50

% < $50k $50k to $150k $150k to $350k $350k to $500k $500k to $1 m > $1 m Share of farms Share of value of agricultural operations Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics Farm financial performance—South Australia

Each year, ABARES interviews Australian broadacre, dairy and vegetable producers as part of its annual survey program. Broadacre industries covered in this survey include the grains, grains– livestock, sheep, beef and sheep–beef industries. The information collected is a basis for analysing the current financial position of farms in these industries and expected changes in the short term. This paper uses data from the ABARES Australian agricultural and grazing industries survey (AAGIS), Australian dairy industry survey (ADIS), and Australian vegetable growing industry survey to report estimates of financial performance indicators (Box 1) for broadacre, dairy and vegetable farms in South Australia.

Box 1 Definitions

Major financial performance indicators  Total cash receipts: total revenues received by the business during the financial year.  Total cash costs: payments made by the business for materials and services and for permanent and casual hired labour (excluding owner manager, partner and family labour).  Farm cash income: total cash receipts – total cash costs  Farm business profit: farm cash income + changes in trading stocks – depreciation – imputed labour costs  Profit at full equity: return produced by all the resources used in the business, farm business profit + rent + interest + finance lease payments – depreciation on leased items  Rate of return: return to all capital used, profit at full equity * 100 / total opening capital  Equity ratio: Farm capital minus farm debt expressed as a percentage of farm capital Industry types  Grains: farms mainly engaged in producing broadacre crops such as wheat, coarse grains, oilseeds and pulses, and including farms running sheep and/or beef cattle in conjunction with substantial broadacre crop activity.  Sheep: farms mainly engaged in running sheep.  Beef: farms mainly engaged in running beef cattle.  Dairy: farms mainly engaged in milk production.  Vegetable: farms mainly engaged in growing vegetables. Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in South Australia, 2015 ABARES

Performance of broadacre farms—South Australia Incomes for South Australian broadacre farms were relatively high between 2009–10 and 2013– 14. In 2014–15, farm cash income for South Australian broadacre farms is projected to decrease slightly, to average $163 000 a farm in (Table 2 and Figure 4). This would still be around 32 per cent above the 10-year average to 2013–14.

Reduced winter crop production resulting from lower yields, together with lower wheat prices, is projected to result in average farm cash income decreasing in all South Australian regions except the Northern Pastoral region. Reduced expenditure on fuel, interest and fodder in the Northern Pastoral region is projected to result in a slight increase in projected farm cash income for farms in the region (Table 3).

Crop receipts in 2014–15 are projected to decline by around 8 per cent, with pool payments for grain delivered in 2013–14 partly cushioning a decline in 2014–15 grain receipts. Wool receipts are also expected to be lower. Average total cash costs are projected to remain relatively unchanged, with reduced expenditure on fuel, interest payments and crop handling and marketing offsetting increases in other categories of expenditure.

Figure 4 Real farm cash income, broadacre industries, average per farm

2014–15 $’000

Australia South Australia p Preliminary estimate. y Provisional estimate. Source: ABARES Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey

Table 2 Financial performance, South Australia broadacre industries, 2012–13 to 2014–15, average per farm

Performance indicator units 2012–13 2013–14p RSE 2014–15y Total cash receipts $ 479 870 512 900 (8) 508 000 Total cash costs $ 312 910 344 500 (8) 345 000 Farm cash income $ 166 960 168 400 (11) 163 000 Farms with negative farm cash income % 12 15 (28) 17 Farm business profit $ 54 440 33 400 (47) 33 000 Profit at full equity excluding capital appreciation $ 96 800 76 700 (23) 76 000 Farm capital at 30 June a $ 3 873 800 4 107 400 (6) na Farm debt at 30 June b $ 464 870 470 900 (14) 484 000

Performance indicator units 2012–13 2013–14p RSE 2014–15y Equity ratio bd % 88 88 (1) na Rate of return excluding capital appreciation e % 2.6 1.9 (19) 1.8 Off-farm income of owner manager and spouse b $ 27 130 26 300 (10) na a Excludes leased plant and equipment. b Average per responding farm. c Farm capital minus farm debt. d Equity expressed as a percentage of farm capital. e Rate of return to farm capital at 1 July. p Preliminary estimates. y Provisional estimates. na Not Available. Figures in parentheses are standard errors expressed as a percentage of the estimate provided Source: ABARES Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in South Australia, 2015 ABARES

Table 3 Farm cash income of South Australia broadacre farms, by region, 2013–14 to 2014– 15, average per farm 2014– Region units 2013–14p RSE 15y 411: SA North Pastoral $ 186 200 (30) 197 000 421: SA Eyre Peninsula $ 254 200 (18) 250 000 422: SA Murray Lands and Yorke Peninsula $ 164 600 (22) 164 000 431: SA South East $ 128 700 (17) 116 000 p ABARES preliminary estimates. y ABARES provisional estimates. na Not available. Figures in parentheses are standard errors, expressed as a percentage of the estimate provided. Source: ABARES Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey

Map 3 ABARES Australian broadacre zones and regions

Note: Each region is identified by a unique code of three digits. The first digit identifies the state or territory, the second digit identifies the zone and the third digit identifies the region.

Source: ABARES

Performance of grains industry farms—South Australia In 2013–14, average total cash receipts for South Australian grains industry farms increased slightly compared with 2012–13. A 30 per cent increase in winter crop production resulted in higher crop receipts. On mixed enterprise farms, increased crop receipts combined with an increase in sheep, lamb and wool receipts. Total cash costs also increased in 2013–14 due to higher expenditure on crop chemicals, fertiliser, repairs and maintenance and livestock purchases on mixed enterprise farms. Average farm cash income for grains industry farms in South Australia decreased slightly to $230 000 a farm in 2013–14 (Figure 5).

In 2014–15, winter crop production in South Australia is estimated to have decreased by 12 per cent, reflecting a decline from the high yields in 2013–14. Reduced grain production, together with lower wheat prices are projected to result in a decline in crop receipts. However, receipts from beef are projected to increase on mixed enterprise farms due to higher beef prices.

Total cash costs for grains industry farms are projected to rise slightly in 2014–15, mainly due to an expected increase in expenditure on crop chemicals and repairs and maintenance compared with 2013–14.

Average farm cash income for grains industry farms in South Australia is projected to decrease slightly to around $206 000 a farm in 2014–15, still around a third above the average for the previous 10 years of $155 000 (Figure 5).

Figure 5 Real farm cash income, grains industry, average per farm

2014–15 $’000

Performance of sheep industry farms—South Australia Farm cash incomes were historically high in real terms for South Australian sheep industry farms in 2010–11 and 2011–12 (Figure 6). However, in 2012–13, a reduction in average prices received for lambs, adult sheep and wool resulted in farm cash income for South Australian sheep farms falling back in line with historical trends.

In 2013–14 higher prices for adult sheep, lamb and beef combined with increased turn-off resulted in higher farm cash receipts. Despite an increase in average cash costs resulting mainly from increased expenditure on sheep purchases, beef cattle purchases and fertiliser, average farm cash income for sheep industry farms increased to an average of $103 700 a farm.

In 2014–15, higher adult sheep and lamb prices are projected to result in an increase in farm cash receipts. Average farm cash income for sheep industry farms is projected to increase to average $109 000 a farm, around 19 per cent above the industry average of $92 000 a farm for the ten-years to 2013–14. Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in South Australia, 2015 ABARES

Figure 6 Real farm cash income, sheep industry, average per farm

2014–15 $’000

Performance of dairy industry farms— South Australia In 2013–14, higher farm gate milk prices resulted in average farm cash income for South Australian dairy farms increasing from $81 250 in 2012–13 to $163 000 in 2013–14 (Table 4 and Figure 7). Nationally, average farm cash income increased from $44 130 in 2012–13 to $163 900 in 2013–14.

Figure 7 Real farm cash income, dairy industry, average per farm

2014–15 $’000

Australia South Australia p Preliminary estimate. y Provisional estimate. Source: ABARES Australian Dairy Industry Survey

In 2014–15 average farm cash incomes are projected to decline in most states including South Australia as a result of lower milk prices and higher cash costs, particularly fodder costs. Further, in South Australia milk production is also expected to decrease. As a result of lower

15 Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in South Australia, 2015 ABARES prices and production average farm cash income is projected to decline to $90 000 for South Australian dairy farms.

When variations to projected farm cash incomes of dairy farms across Australia are taken into account, the overall average farm cash income of Australian dairy farms is projected to decrease to average $97 000 a farm in 2014–15, around 14 per cent below the 10-year average to 2013– 14.

Table 4 Financial performance, South Australia dairy industry, 2012–13 to 2014–15, average per farm

Performance indicator units 2012–13 2013–14p RSE 2014–15y Farm cash income $ 81 250 163 000 (24) 90 000 Farm business profit a $ –45 360 62 900 (57) –32 000 Rate of return excluding capital appreciation b % 0.8 3.7 (22) 1.5 a Excludes leased plant and equipment. b Average per responding farm. c Farm capital minus farm debt. d Equity expressed as a percentage of farm capital. e Rate of return to farm capital at 1 July. p Preliminary estimates. y Provisional estimates. na Not Available. Figures in parentheses are standard errors expressed as a percentage of the estimate provided Source: ABARES Australian Dairy Industry Survey

Performance of vegetable industry farms—South Australia Nationally in 2013–14, average farm cash income is estimated to have declined to $156 000, 4 per cent lower than in 2012–13. Average to above average seasonal conditions helped growers to maintain the high yields of 2012–13. Overall vegetable production was also higher because the average area planted to vegetable crops increased. However, the resulting increase in vegetable cash receipts was partially offset by lower vegetable prices.

Farm cash income in South Australia is estimated to have declined by 30 per cent in 2012–13 to an average of $196 400 (Table 5), 8 per cent lower than the eight-year average (in real terms) to 2012–13 (Figure 8). The average area planted to all commonly produced vegetables declined, but yields were higher for most vegetables except onions, carrots and cauliflower. Much lower prices, particularly for potatoes, also contributed to a decline in vegetable cash receipts.

Average farm cash income is estimated to have declined in 2013–14 to $169 000 (Table 5), 19 per cent lower than the nine-year average (in real terms) to 2013–14 (Figure 8). The average area planted and average yield outcomes were both mixed across vegetable types, although the area planted and price received for potatoes increased. Average cash costs are estimated to have remained about the same as the previous year.

Table 5 Physical and financial performance, vegetable growing farm businesses, South Australia, 2012–13 and 2013–14 average per farm Selected estimates units 2012–13 p RSE % Change 2013–14 y RSE % Change from 2011–12 from 2012–13 Vegetable cash receipts $ 642 600 (16 –15 614 000 (23 –4 ) ) Area sown to vegetables ha 32 (19 –2 32.3 (27 1 ) ) Quantity of vegetables produced t 1 330 (16 –4 1 252 (27 –6 ) ) Farm cash income $ 196 400 (23 –30 169 000 (36 –12 ) ) Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in South Australia, 2015 ABARES

p Preliminary estimate. y Provisional estimate. RSE Relative standard errors, expressed as a percentage of the estimate. Updated data for vegetable farm businesses will be available November 2015. Source: ABARES Australian vegetable growing farms survey

Figure 8 Real farm cash income, vegetable growing farm businesses, South Australia, 2005–06 to 2013–14 average per farm 350

$'0000 y 0 1 2 6 7 8 9 p

2013–14 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 4 3 – – – – – – – 1 1 9 0 1 5 6 7 8 – – 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 p Preliminary estimate. y Provisional estimate. Source: ABARES Australian vegetable growing farms survey

3) Fisheries sector

In 2012–13 the gross value of South Australia’s fisheries production was around $441 million, an increase of 1 per cent ($3.4 million) from 2011-12. South Australia contributed 19 per cent of the total value of Australian fisheries production in 2012-13. In value terms, the wild-catch sector accounted for 45 per cent ($198 million) of the state’s total production and the aquaculture sector accounted for the remaining 55 per cent ($243 million).

South Australia’s wild-catch fisheries sector is dominated by four main products — Southern rocklobster, prawns, abalone and Australian sardines — which account for 43 per cent, 15 per cent, 15 per cent and 11 per cent respectively of the total value of wild-caught production in 2012–13. Over the last decade the real value of South Australia’s wild-caught fisheries products has reduced by 23 per cent to $198 million (2012–13). The products for which the real value of production declined most over the past decade are wild-caught abalone, prawns and rocklobster, reducing by $18 million , $12 million and $22 million respectively. A large proportion of abalone is exported, mostly to Hong Kong, China and Japan. Exchange rate movements have a significant effect on the value of abalone exports and, in turn, production. Prawns are mostly sold in the domestic market, where competition from imports has placed significant downward pressure on prices in recent years.

Most Australian sardine production is used as a high quality feed in tuna ranching operations located off Port Lincoln in South Australia. A small portion also goes toward human consumption, the recreational fishing bait market and premium brands of pet food.

In 2012–13 the value of South Australia’s aquaculture production is estimated to have increased by 6 per cent from $229 million in 2011–12 to $243 million in 2012–13. Southern bluefin tuna is the single most valuable species in the region and South Australia's aquaculture industry, and is ranched by the Commonwealth Southern Bluefin Tuna fishery for fattening in sea cages at Port Lincoln. Southern bluefin tuna accounted for 63 per cent ($153.5 million) of the value of South Australian aquaculture production, followed by oysters (14 per cent; $35 million) and abalone (4 per cent; $8.6 million).

Commonwealth fisheries active in waters off South Australia include the Commonwealth Trawl Sector (main source of domestic fresh fish for Sydney and Melbourne markets) the Shark Gillnet and Shark Hook Sectors (supplies gummy shark or ‘flake’ to Melbourne) of the Southern and Eastern Scalefish and Shark Fishery and the Great Australian Bight sector of the Southern and Eastern Scalefish and Shark Fishery harvesting mainly redfish and flathead. The Small Pelagic Fishery (mostly fishmeal for aquaculture and agriculture) also operates in the waters off South Australia.

In 2012–13, South Australia’s fisheries product exports were valued at $266 million. The main export products include tuna, Southern rocklobster and abalone. Japan and Hong Kong are the major destinations for South Australian fisheries exports, accounting for 57 per cent and 23 per cent of the total value of exports in 2012–13, respectively. Other major export destinations include Vietnam (13 per cent) and China (2 per cent).

Recreational fishing is popular in South Australia with an estimated 236 000 South Australians (5 years and over) participating in the activity in the 12 months prior to October 2007 (PIRSA 2010). In its survey of recreational fishers in South Australia PIRSA (2010) found that most fishing effort is directed to the Gulf St.Vincent and Kangaroo Island waters (42 per cent), Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in South Australia, 2015 ABARES followed by Spencer Gulf ( 27 per cent), West Coast (11per cent) and the South East waters (7 per cent). Most (87 per cent) fishing effort occurred in marine waters, including estuaries, and inshore and offshore waters. The remaining 13 per cent of effort was in freshwater activity, with the vast majority of this effort occurring in the River Murray. The key species caught by recreational fishers include King George whiting, snapper, southern garfish, southern calamari, blue swimmer crab, southern rocklobster, mulloway, blacklip and greenlip abalone, pipi, golden perch and murray cod.

4) Forestry sector

In 2012–13, the total plantation area in South Australia was approximately 188 000 hectares, comprised of approximately 59 700 hectares of hardwood plantations, 128 500 hectares of softwood plantations and 300 hectares of other plantations. The main hardwood species planted is blue gum (E. globulus), and the main softwood species planted is radiata pine (Pinus radiata). Major timber processing industries are located in Mount Gambier, Nangwarry, Nuriootpa, Millicent and Williamstown.

In 2011, there were approximately 4.4 million hectares of native forests in South Australia, comprised mainly of Eucalypt mallee woodland (approximately 3.5 million hectares), Eucalypt medium open (205 300 hectares) and Eucalypt medium woodland (193 000 hectares) forest types. Approximately 1.5 million hectares of the native forests are in nature conservation reserves, 1.5 million hectares are privately owned, and 1.3 million hectares are leasehold forest (Figure 4).

Figure 9 Area of native forest, by tenure

Source: ABARES Australia’s State of the Forests Report 2013

Total sales and service income in the South Australian forest and wood product industry was estimated at approximately $1.5 billion in 2012–13. The income is generated from the sale of wood products (such as structural woods and woodchips) valued at approximately $722 million, and $820 million is generated from the sale services associated with paper and paper products. Compared to other states and territories, South Australia exports relatively low volumes of woodchips, but at a higher value. In 2010–11, South Australia exported a small volume of woodchips (less than 100 tonnes) valued at approximately $111 000. In 2011–12, South Australia woodchip exports were valued at approximately $841 000. In 2011, South Australia’s forestry sector employed 6 498 workers (0.9 per cent of the total employed workforce in South Australia) compared with 7 812 (1.2 per cent) in 2006 (number of people employed includes forestry support services and timber wholesaling). Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in South Australia, 2015 ABARES

References

ABS 2011, Census of Population and Housing, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra.

ABS 2014a, Agricultural Commodities, Australia, 2012–2013, cat. no. 7121.0, Australian Bureau Statistics, Canberra.

ABS 2014b, Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly, Nov2014, cat. no. 6291.0.55.003, Australian Bureau Statistics, Canberra.

ABS 2014c, Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced, Australia, 2012–13, cat. no. 7503.0, Australian Bureau Statistics, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics-Bureau of Rural Sciences 2010, Land use of Australia 2005-06, Version 4, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra.

ABARES 2014, Catchment scale land use of Australia – update March 2014. Department of Agriculture. http://data.daff.gov.au/anrdl/metadata_files/pb_luausg9abll20140506_11a.xml

Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences 2014, Australian forest and wood products statistics: March and June quarters 2014, Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences, Canberra.

Montreal Process Implementation Group for Australia and National Forest Inventory Steering Committee 2013, Australia’s State of the Forests Report 2013, Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences, Canberra.

PIRSA 2010, South Australian recreational fishing guide 2009, Department of Primary Industries and Resources South Australia, Adelaide, available at pir.sa.gov.au/fisheries/recreational_fishing/recreational_fishing_guide, accessed 8 February 2010.