Chapter 8 Online Review Name

Chapter 8 Online Review Name:

Date: Pd:

A. Go to www.classzone.com, Animated Biology, Chapter 8 (DNA replication) and answer the following questions while completing the simulation.

1. Replication is the process by which DNA is ______during the cell cycle (interphase). 2. ______unzip the DNA double helix exposing the nucleotide bases. 3. Nucleotides pair up with exposed bases on each side, and ______bond these nucleotides together to make new strands. 4. Two identical strands of DNA are formed as a result of ______. 5. Each DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand, so DNA replication is said to be semi- ______.

B. On Animated Biology, Go to Chapter 8 (Build a Protein)

1. Genes are found on chromosomes. Genes code (give instructions) to build proteins. We need proteins to complete most tasks! In this activity, you will ______and ______the Littell gene into littellase (a protein). 2. The messenger RNA (mRNA) strand is pieced together from the right to the left. After placing the RNA polymerase, correctly match the RNA nucleotides with their correct pair. (remember: A pairs with T (in DNA) or U (in RNA). C pairs with ______) 3. After you’ve transcribed your mRNA, the rest of the process (translation) takes place (within / outside of) the nucleus. 4. Which organelle must bind to the RNA before translation can take place? ______. 5. When you are translating your mRNA into your protein, littellase, make sure to line the ______up directly with their complementary base pair. 6. Which organelle in the cytoplasm processes, packages, and ships proteins? ______

C. Go to: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/dna/timeline/index.html.

Click on Episode 2, “Playing God”. Click on “Hot Science: Gallery of genetic engineering”

1. The first genetically modified food that became commercially available was the ______2. What made this food so “special”?a. ______b. ______3. What is a “fish tomato”?

4. How is it possible a tomato could help the environment?

Click NEXT

5. Why is Bt corn more resistant to caterpillar pests?

6. A study released from the science journal, Nature, showed a connection between Bt crops and monarch butterflies. What findings did nature publish? Was the research confirmed? Explain.

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7. How could “golden rice (fortified with beta-carotene)” help solve some of the world’s nutritional deficiency issues? 1 D. Go back to the PBS homepage. Click on “4 Curing Cancer”. Click on the “hot science” link. Read each challenge and answer each challenge question. Answer the following:

1. Challenge 1: If you learned that your favorite athlete had used gene therapy to enhance his or her performance, would you consider this cheating? How did people vote? ______% voted yes. ______% voted no. 2. Were you surprised by the results? (No / Yes) Why or why not?

3. In the near future, gene therapy might enable us to change traits (by adding a single gene). We might be able to change our ______color or skin color. We might even be able to grow various body parts. We will most likely not be able to:

4. Challenge 2: So far, gene therapy has only concentrated on ______cells, not on reproductive cells (the ______and ______).

5. Ethical challenge: “If you knew you were carrying a flawed gene that would increase your child’s risk of developing a disease like cancer, would you consider seeking germ-cell gene therapy before starting a family?” Were you surprised at the results of the vote? Describe.

6. Ethical challenge. Do you think we should keep our hands off the human genome and let nature have its way? Were you surprised by the results of this challenge? Why or why not?

7. Consider this: How have we already “set natural evolution aside”?

8. Challenge 4: In your opinion, are there any circumstances under which an employer should have the right to test applicants for a genetic predisposition to certain behavior? If so, what would be the exception to the rule?

E. Go back to PBS Homepage. Go to “5 Pandora’s Box”. Click on“Special Report”. Read ‘Beyond DNA: Genetics of the Futur’e and answer the following questions.

1. The ______Project (HGP) focused on a complete sequence of human DNA. Sequencing the human genome has provided us with great knowledge, both surprising and not. 2. Scientists thought humans had 150,000. from HGP, we know that there are only ______genes. 3. ______% of the genes in mice is similar to humans. So, why don’t we look more like mice?

4. The genes in a mouse follow a different ______than the genes in a person. Genes are activated and inactivated at different times and frequencies in different organisms. 5. 98% of the DNA that is not occupied by our genes. What is this DNA called? ______6. List one possible reason “junk DNA” exists?

7. Geneticists know everything there is to know about DNA (True / False) 2 F. Go back to the PBS homepage. Click on “3D DNA explorer”. Become familiar with this explorer by clicking on spin, pan, zoom and reset tools.

1. What 5 elements is DNA composed of?

2. Click on “The Bases” under “Learn More”. a. What are the two base pairs in DNA? 1. A pairs with ______2. ____pairs with _____ b. ______bonds hold the Nitrogenous bases together?

3. Click on “The sugar phosphate backbone” a. The backbone of DNA consists of ______and ______groups that alternate. b. the familiar helical structure comes from DNA’s gradual twist—a stretch of ______base pairs makes one turn of the double helix.

4. Click on “The bigger picture”. Click through the ”Learn Mores” to answer the following: a. The smallest human chromosome contains ______million bases. This is the ______. b. The entire human genome contains 3 ______bases. c. How many 1,000 page long phone books would it take to hold the human genome? ______

G. Go back to Classzone.com, Go to Assessment: Chapter 8 (Section Quizzes). Complete questions, submit them and answer the following question variations. Study the questions you had difficulty with.

8.1 1. Most scientists in the early 1900’s thought that ______was the “carrier’ of genetic material.

8.2 2. The combination of phosphate, nitrogen-containing base and sugar makes a ______. 3. DNA is a double stranded helix of constant width as evidenced by Rosalind Franklin’s ______. 4. One strand of DNA has a sequence TAAGCGTCC. What is the sequence of the complementary strand? ______

8.3 5. DNA replication occurs so that every cell has a complete set of ______DNA.

6. Errors are kept to a minimum in DNA replication because ______proofreads and corrects the new DNA.

7. DNA polymerase also binds ______together.

8.4 8. Remember the “Build a Protein” simulation. ______carries a “message” from a gene (located on a chromosome) to the ribosomes. 9. The central dogma states: ______ ______ ______

8.5 10. The number of bases that code for a single amino acid is ______. 11. The anticodon that pairs with UGA is ______. 12. This molecule carries the amino acid coded by mRNA to the ribosome: ______