History 10 Exam Outline

The Nature of History: Terms/ Concepts Pre-history Stratigraphy history radio-carbon/ carbon- 14 Archaeology dendrochronology Palaeontology strata Physical geography thermolominescence human geography AD/ BC/ BCE/ CE/ BP Artifact Organic remains Excavation/ dig inorganic remains fossil

 Primary and secondary sources  What methods does an archaeologist use and when?  What is the role of archaeology in the study of history?

Human Development: Terms/ Concepts monotheism Bipedalism polytheism Laetoli Beds natural selection Donald Johansson natural law Charles Darwin survival of the fittest Mary Leaky heredity Homo habilis “Origin of Species” Homo erectus Chance mutation Homo sapiens sapiens natural pressure Paleolithic evolution Mesolithic creation story Neolithic adaptation Lithos Australopethicus Afarensis Cro-magnon Hominid Cultural epoch

 What factors are common in many creation stories?  Why is historical context important to consider when examining creation stories?  Explain Darwin’s theory of evolution. How did he influence our perception of the past?  What are the 2 theories that explain the development of tools?  Why is bipedalism so important in human development?  Why was the discovery/ control of fire significant?  What are the theories about the disappearance of Neanderthals?  Explain the characteristics of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic ages.  What are the three metal ages? Why are they significant?

Mesopotamia: Terms/ Concepts Age of Metals Agricultural Revolution “Land Between the Rivers” Assyria Levee Babylonia Mesopotamia Catal Huyuk Neolithic Revolution City-state Nomadic/ sedentary “Cradle of Civilization” Pictogram Cubit Polytheistic Cuneiform Sargon I Divination Scribe Edubba Seed plow Epic of Gilgamesh Shaduf Euphrates Stylus Fertile Crescent Sumer Hammurabi The Epic of Gilgamesh Hittites Standard of Ur Irrigation Tigris Jericho Ziggurat Jordan  The Great Leap Forward- What does this mean?  Why was there a shift from hunting and gathering to farming?  Map work- see map of Ancient Mesopotamia in your binder  The impact of geography upon the Mesopotamians  Reasons why early farmers settled in river valleys  Fertile Crescent/ Cradle of Civilization  Pros and cons of the Neolithic Revolution (Agricultural Revolution) refer to article “The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race?”  Features of a civilization (6)  Sumerian Accomplishments  Explain the social structure/ hierarchy in Mesopotamian civilizations  Explain the role and significance of scribes in Mesopotamia  Hammurabi’s laws/ Analysis of laws  Babylonian Society and Accomplishments

Ancient Egypt: Terms/ Concepts Akhenaton Old Kingdom Ankh Pharaoh Anthropomorphic Ramses II Djoser Scribe Hatshepsut Sneferu Imhotep The Empire Age Ka The Hyksos Khufu The pyramid age Ma’at The Rosetta Stone Mastaba The Sphinx Menes/ Narmer Thutmose II Middle Kingdom Thutmose III monotheism Tutankhamen New Kingdom

 The Gift of the Nile- explain this concept clearly with good examples  The importance of geography  The three seasons in Ancient Egypt based upon the Nile  The Ages of Egyptian history  Egyptian social structure:  3 powers of governing/ structure of government  Pyramids- all types we covered and who built them  How was a pyramid built?  Daily life in Egypt (Status of women, Children, Marriage, Soldier, Scribe)  General beliefs about gods  The importance of the afterlife  Role of priests  Process of mummification  Hieroglyphics: 4 stages of writing  Art: conventions  Technology

Ancient Greece: Terms /Concepts Minoans Bronze age Knossos Linear A Frescoes Bull Leaping Minotaur Thera Sir Arthur Evans Mycenaeans Linear B Atlantis Agamemnon Trojan war Troy Trojan horse Heinrich Schliemann

Dark Ages/ Homeric Age Dorians Iliad Wandering minstrels Odyssey Homer Olympics Troy/ Trojan War Colonization

Age of Tyrants monarchy polis tyrant/ tyrranos hoplite city-state aristocracy acropolis timocracy

Persian Wars Persian Empire Hippias Darius Ephialtes Xerxes phalanx Marathon triremes Thermopylae Cyrus Salamis Pheidippidies Plataea Delian League Leonidas

Peloponnesian War Pericles Peloponnesian league Delian league Athenian Empire Delos Plague Long walls Piraeus

 Geography and its impact on the Greeks  review your map of ancient Greece  Minoans (geography, origins, trade, mythology, palaces, writing, art, activities, invasion)  Mycenaeans (Troy, culture, origins,  Dark Ages (migration, loss of writing etc.)  Homer (Iliad, Odyssey, Homeric Age, heroes and history)  The Age of Tyrants  Colonization  Life in Athens/ Sparta (education, government, trade, slavery, childhood, status of women. Citizenship)  Persian Wars (causes, battles and effects)  Peloponnesian War(causes and effects)