Spanish American War

Spanish-American War

The Cuban Rebellion Begins Cuba colony of S______S______C______in Cuba made Spain wealthy (1/3 world’s sugar cane) 1868 Cuban rebels declare independence and launched g______w______against Spanish authorities What is g______w______?

-Rebellion failed -Many leaders fled to the ______-J______M______brought together Cuban exiles and raised $ to launch 2nd invasion -New rebellion began in ______

Americans Support Cubans 1) Compared Cuba’s struggle to the A______R______2) Y______J______- Sensationalist reporting where writers often exaggerated or made up stories to attract readers Dramatic stories of atrocities from New York Journal (______) and New York World (______) led US citizens to side with Cubans - only got info from Cuban sources (bias info) - 2 papers competed with one another making the stories even more exaggerated to get people to buy “their” newspaper 3) General W______became the governor of Cuba -Nicknamed ‘The B______’ -He forced Cuban villagers into ‘r______’ camps to keep them from aiding the rebels (1/3 died of starvation and disease) -Cubans suffered many casualties during the guerilla war -S______sent troops to Cuba to end the rebellion 4) de Lome letter Spain’s minister to the US ridiculed PresidentM______for being weak -Americans were outraged at the insult 5) Explosion of the USS M______-USS M______battleship exploded in Cuban harbor on ______-Blamed on Spanish m______but could have been fire that ignited ammunition -Americans demanded ______after hearing this -April 19 Congress declared Cuba independent and demanded Spain withdraw and ______-On ______Spain declared war on US A War on Two Fronts US Takes the Philippines Philippines was a S______colony US Navy attacked Spanish fleet in ______to keep them from traveling east to attack US Battle of Manilla Bay (______) –Commodore Dewey led squadron into Manilla Bay – quick victory Dewey contacted Filipino revolutionary leader E______A______Wanted him to launch guerilla warfare to gain Filipino i______Americans and Aguinaldo seized Philippine capital of M______Philippines surrendered on ______

American Forces Battle in Cuba Most Americans died in t______c______due to unsanitary conditions causing Disease/epidemics (2000 deaths) R______R______– mix of cowboys, minters and law officers who were volunteer fighters Second in Command = T______R______B______S______– all black cavalry regiment; 1/4 troops African American

July 1 – American troops attacked El C______and S______J______H______Rough Riders seize K______H______and then assisted the other group in taking San Juan Hill Spanish ships tried to flee harbor but on July 3 American warships guarding entrance attacked them Surrender of S______ended Spanish resistance & US soon took P______R______as well Aug 12 1898 – Spain agreed to ceasefire

American Empire Debate over what to do with newly acquired lands T______A______– said once Cuba was free the US would leave and give control of the island up to the Cuban people US annexed G______and P______R______What about the Philippines? Reasons for Annexation: 1) 2) 3) Economic benefits – large market for trade, stop over on the way to China for trade 4) Reasons Against Annexation: 1) Competition from cheap Filipino labor drive down US wages 2) Treaty of Paris – December 10 1898 Spain gave US Guam and PR US paid Spain ______for Philippines Cuba and Platt Amendment US established a P______in Cuba after war McKinley wanted Cuba tied to the US Cuba was allowed to create its own constitution with conditions Platt Amendment said: 1) No treaty with another nation that weakened their independence 2) 3) Cuba keep debt low to prevent foreign countries from going to Cuba to enforce payment 4)

Governing Puerto Rico At first not US citizens which meant they had no c______r______- gained citizenship ______– allowed to elect governor Continued debate over allowing Puerto Rico to be admitted as a state or continue as a commonwealth

Philippines Filipinos furious over annexation Fought for independence from Spain only to trade it for US c______Aguinaldo and other Filipino nationalist fought for ______years against US Aguinaldo captured and told guerillas to surrender US started giving Philippines more freedom Full independence - 1946