Disability Timeline Independent Living

1953In-Home Support Services program established in Los Angeles County, California, to IL L&P PHY provide personal assistance services to adults with post-polio disabilities as an alternative USA to permanent costly institutionalization. 1960In-Home Support Services: California program pays up to $300 a month for personal- IL L&P PHY assistance services for recipients of federal Aid to the Totally Disabled. By enabling USA individuals with major physical disabilities to live in their own homes, it becomes a foundational component of the independent living movement. 1966Organization for Accessible Buildings founded in Rochester, New York, by a group ACC ACT IL of young adult wheelchair users. Later renamed Handicapped Independence HERE Inc., a ORG PHY USA volunteer consumer/advocacy organization. In 1979 reorganizes as Regional Center for Independent Living. 1970Paraquad founded by St. Louis nursing home resident Max Starkloff. It will become ACT IL ORG Pelka, ABC-Clio a major independent living Center. PHY USA Companion to the Disability Rights Movement. 1970Physically Disabled Students Program (PDSP) founded University of California at ACT EDU IL Pelka, ABC-Clio Berkeley by Ed Roberts, John Hessler, Hale Zukas, and other students. Two years later PHY USA Companion to the they will go on establish the Center for Independent Living in Berkeley to provide for Disability Rights personal assistance services, accessibility, and political advocacy in the off-campus Movement. community. 1972Boston Self-Help Center established. Grows out of independent living project at Boston ACT IL ORG University. PHY USA 1972Center for Independent Living (CIL) established in Berkeley, California. Usually ACT IL ORG Pelka, ABC-Clio considered first independent living center anywhere. Non-residential agency directed by PHY USA Companion to the people with disabilities, provides information and advocacy to support disabled people to Disability Rights live in their own households in the community. Funded by a $50,000 grant from the Movement. federal Rehabilitation Services Administration. 1972Houston Cooperative Living Residential Project founded in Houston, Texas. Along ACT IL ORG Pelka, ABC-Clio with the Berkeley and Boston centers, will become one of the models for future USA Companion to the independent living centers. Disability Rights Movement. 1973In-Home Support Services: Berkeley CIL lobbies not just to save but to expand ACT IL L&P personal-assistance services program. As result, IHSS monthly payments increased to PHY USA $450. CIL also campaigns successfully for state supplement to new federal Supplemental Security Income program. 1974Atlantis Community established in Denver, Colorado, by Wade Blank, civil rights ACT IL ORG activist and parent of disabled child, who campaigns to move adults with significant PHY USA significant disabilities from nursing homes to independent living. 1974Boston Center for Independent Living founded. ACT IL ORG Pelka, ABC-Clio USA Companion to the Disability Rights Movement. 1975First National Conference on Independent Living convenes in October in Berkeley, IL L&P ORG California, co-sponsored by Berkeley Center for Independent Living and federal REH USA Rehabilitation Services Administration. 1975Edward Roberts appointed Director of California Department of Rehabilitation. He IL L&P ORG Pelka, ABC-Clio oversees an establishment of nine independent living centers in that state, patterned after PHY USA Companion to the the Center for Independent Living he co-founded in Berkeley in 1972. These centers Disability Rights become models for hundreds of independent living centers across the globe. Movement. 1976Independent living centers in California established through funding by Departed IL L&P USA Rehabilitation, Innovation and Expansion Grant Program. 1976Independent living center founded in Chicago. IL USA 1976Independent Living Research Utilization (ILRU) program established in Houston. IL USA [Finger], “International Independent Living Timeline.” 1976Westside Center for Independent Living established in Los Angeles. One of first nine ACT IL L&P Pelka, ABC-Clio California centers set up by state Department of Rehabilitation under Ed Roberts. USA Companion to the Disability Rights Movement. 1977Independent living: IL L&P USA [Finger], “International 52 independent living centers operating in United States. Independent Living Office of Independent Living set up in U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Timeline.” Development. Second National Conference on Independent Living convenes in Houston. 1978Independent living: Rehabilitation, Comprehensive Services and Developmental IL L&P USA [Finger], “International Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (P.L. 95-602), Title VII, authorizes first federal Independent Living funding for independent living centers. Meanwhile, five regional conferences in various Timeline.” parts of U. S. promote independent living philosophy and offer guidance for establishment of IL Centers. 1979Vermont Center for Independent Living established, first statewide independent living IL ORG USA center in U.S. 1981Bill. Movie for television based on true story of Bill Sackter (Mickey Rooney), a retarded CUL DD IL Alan Landsburg man who spent forty-four years in an institution. INST USA Productions, d Anthony Page. Sequel: Bill: On His Own (1983). 1981Japanese students with disabilities study independent living philosophy and practices ASIA IL USA [Finger], “International at U. S. IL centers under 10-year project funded by “Mr. Donut.” Independent Living Timeline” 1982National Council on Independent Living founded under leadership of Max Starkloff, ACT IL ORG http://www Charlie Carr and Marca Bristo to speak for independent living centers and independent PHY USA .ncil.org/ living movement. 1984Independent living: first national conference on rural independent living in U.S. IL USA [Finger], “International Independent Living Timeline.” 1989Larry McAfee, ventilator-using, spinal cord injured quadriplegic battered by Georgia ACT BIO social welfare system which provides no support for independent living, seeks and gets EUTH IL L&P court order for physician-assisted suicide. But intervention of disability rights advocates USA leads him to change his mind. He testifies to Georgia State Legislature in favor of independent living program. 1990ADAPT, American Disabled for Accessible Public Transit, recasts its acronym as ACT IL L&P http://www. American Disabled for Attendant Programs Today to reflect shift in focus following USA adapt.org/ passage of Americans with Disabilities Act. Demanding policies supporting independent back.htm; Pelka, ABC- living and personal assistance services, ADAPT activists demonstrate at annual meeting Clio Companion to the of for-profit nursing home industry trade organization, American Health Care Disability Rights Association, in Atlanta, October 5-10. Movement. 1990Thailand/Philippines: Independent Living Study Program includes delegates from ASIA IL INT [Finger], “International DPI-Thailand and DPI-Philippines, St. Louis and Houston, August-September. USA Independent Living Timeline.” 1991ADAPT protest at Health Care Financing Administration headquarters in ACT IL L&P Washington, D.C. demands federal government designate proportion of Medicaid funds USA for in-home personal assistance services, April. 1992ADAPT nationwide protests demands federal and state financing of personal ACT IL L&P assistance services, January 15. USA 1992ADAPT demands American Medical Association support national personal ACT IL L&P assistance services policy in demonstration at AMA’s Chicago headquarters. May. USA 1995Helen L. v. Snider: U. S Third Circuit Court of Appeals rules that Commonwealth (state ACT CRT IL Pelka, ABC-Clio government) of Pennsylvania’s policy of funding nursing home residents see but not L&P USA Companion to the independent living violates Americans with Disabilities Act. WOM Disability Rights Movement. 1999Olmstead v. L.C. and E.W.: U. S. Supreme Court rules that State of Georgia violates CRT IL L&P Americans with Disabilities Act by compelling individuals with disabilities to reside in USA institutions without offering alternative option of community-based living arrangements. Orders that state must offer services in most integrated setting. Resource: http://instituteondisability.org/projects/dateline_view.php

Institute on Disability University of San Francisco