Advanced Research in MIS (Foundations of Information Systems)

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Advanced Research in MIS (Foundations of Information Systems)

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DISC 8351 (00496)

Advanced Research in MIS (Foundations of Information Systems)

Spring 2006 (Wedneday 10am – 1pm, 290-MH)

Professor Jaana Porra Office: 280G Melcher Hall Phone: 713 419 1834 (cell); 713 869 4800 (home); 713 743 4583 (office) e-mail: [email protected]

Course Description

A substantial body of research related to computer-based information systems exists today. While the information systems field dates back for over three decades (from the late 60s through today), scholars who later became influential in our field can be identified even prior to that. Research in this area can be found in a large variety of well established academic journals specializing in IS research such as MISQ, ISR, JAIS, JMIS, Info&Org., EJIS, ISJ, JIT and IT&P as well as other journals focusing on allied disciplines including MS, DS, CACM, Org.Sci., and AMJ.

The purpose of this course is to provide a broad overview of the information systems research field. During the course, we will cover the history of the field, its past and current research directions, research topics and accomplishments. We will read and discuss the work of some of the field’s most influential scholars of all times. We will also explore some of the more recent developments in order to understand some potential future directions of the discipline. This course is not meant to critically examine research designs, methods, nor techniques employed by MIS researchers. Those subjects are covered in our other seminars. This course has its focus on understanding the history of the field – where it has come from and where it is today – as well as a survey of the key articles and books that have helped shape the discourse of the field.

Another goal of the course is to cover some strategies becoming part of the field. We will invest some time on understanding practical paths to success. These include successfully completing a doctoral dissertation, publishing, reviewing and the promotion and tenure process.

This syllabus is a result of consulting 20 successful scholars worldwide. A special thanks goes to Blake Ives, Rudy Hirschheim and Richard Scamell who contributed generously to the content and format of this seminar.

Articles and other works included in this course represent the diverse and international nature of the field. The selection includes examples of

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- the most cited papers in MIS, in the last 25 years - the field’s research directions in terms of underlying ontologies, epistemologies, reference disciplines and methods - the variety of publishing outlets

Course Objectives

During the course, you should to develop an understanding of the past, present and future potential of the information systems research field in terms of

1) the body of work that has shaped and/or will shape the information systems research field as an academic discipline. 2) the research directions, scholars, topics, methods, intellectual debates and contribution 3) the key institutions of the field (journals, academic programs, conferences, associations) 4) issues that have shaped and/or may shape your career and the future of the field 5) the process of becoming part of the field in terms of envisioning, designing, executing, writing, revising, and publishing scholarship.

Course Requirements

Class Participation (20% of your grade)

For each class you are expected to read all assigned chapters and articles, be able to point out the major contributions to the literature, and generally add value to the class. Class participation is worth 20% of the final grade. You may check with me throughout the class if you are concerned about how you are doing.

A topic review (30% of your grade)

You will review a topic of your interest analyzing it from the perspectives discussed in this class. At the end of the course, you will make a 30-minute presentation of your analysis in class. You will provide a handout to all in the class. During your presentation, you will explain how the topic of your choice fits into the historical context of the discipline in terms of relevant research traditions, frameworks, debates, scholars, articles, research methods and publishing outlets. You will turn in a complete paper of your analysis to me at the end of the semester. Your presentation constitutes 10% and the paper 20% of the final grade.

The “Family Tree” -- Visualizing the Evolution of the Information Systems Research Field (30% of your grade)

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All class participants work as a team to bring together the knowledge you have gained in this class by delivering “An Information Systems Research Field Family Tree” complete with research directions, examples of scholars and articles, methods and contributions. Start with the articles on this syllabus and visualize how the field has evolved. Then use the information in your topic review (see above) to add detail. Your “Family Tree” is going to be graded based on how accurately and broadly you have been able to capture the history of the field. The collective effort will yield 15% of the grade. Your contribution to visualizing the evolution of your topic is 15% of your grade.

Oral Examination (20 % of your grade)

As preparation for the several oral examinations/reviews you will face in the program, you will have thirty minutes to discuss the past, present and future of the information systems research field. You may bring no materials to this examination and will be expected to use chalk and a chalkboard (or available equivalent). This examination will be worth 20% of your grade.

Incompletes

While incomplete (I) grades are possible, all work must be completed by the first day of class in September of 2006. You should submit all your work no later than three days before the grades are due in order to avoid an incomplete grade.

Schedule

January 18th Introduction to the course.

The Family Tree – The Evolution of the Information Systems Research Field. Guest speaker Michael Parks

January 25th Identity of the information systems research field

February 1st MIS Research Frameworks and Foundation Studies – The Minnesota school of thought and its influence on the U.S. tradition Guest speaker Blake Ives

February 8th Other Frameworks of the Information Systems Research Field

February 15th An Example of the European tradition - Rudy Hirschheim and others

February 22th The Nature of the Field

March 1st The Nature of the Field continued

March 8th Some Theory

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March 22nd Some Theory continued

March 29th Some Methods

April 5th Some Topics

April 12th Some Topics continued

April 19th Topic Presentations

April 26th Topic Presentations

Oral Examinations. Please arrange.

Reading Assignments

January 25th : Identity of the Information Systems Research Field

Robey, D. “Identity, Legitimacy and the Dominant Research Paradigm: An Alternative Prescription for the IS Discipline”, Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 4(7), December 2003.

Izak Benbasat and Robert W. Zmud, The Identity Crisis Within the IS Discipline: Defining and Communicating the Discipline's Core Properties, MISQ, Vol 27, No. 2 (pp. 183-194), (available online from http://emisq.isworld.org/ to AIS members)

Gerardine DeSanctis, The Social Life of Information Systems Research: A Response to Benbasat and Zmud's Call for Returning to the IT Artifact, JAIS Volume 4 Article 16 December, 2003 (available online at: http://jais.isworld.org/)

Daniel Robey, Identity, Legitimacy and the Dominant Research Paradigm: An Alternative Prescription for the IS Discipline: A Response to Benbasat and Zmud's Call for Returning to the IT Artifact, JAIS Volume 4 Article 15 December, 2003 (available online at http://jais.isworld.org/)

Hirschheim, R. and Klein, H. (2003) “Crisis in the IS Field? A Critical Reflection on the State of the Discipline”, Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 4(5) October, pp. 237-293.

Ives, B., Parks, M.S., Porra, J. and L. Silva (2004). “Phylogeny and Power in the IS Domain: A Response to Benbasat and Zmud’s Call for Returning to the IT Artifact” JAIS, 5, 3, pp. 108-124.

Gray, Paul, Introduction to the Debate on the Core of the Information Systems Field Volume 12 Article 42 November, 2003

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Steve Alter, Sidestepping the IT Artifact, Scrapping the IS Silo, and Laying Claim to "Systems in Organizations,” Volume 12 Article 30 November, 2003

Steven Alter, The IS Core - XI: Sorting Out the Issues About the Core, Scope, and Identity of the IS Field, CAIS, Volume 12 Article 41 November, 2003

These articles are available to AIS members from the CAIS web site.

Donna Dufner, The IS Core-I: Economic and Systems Engineering Approaches to IS Identity, CAIS, Volume 12 Article 31 November, 2003

Daniel J. Power, The IS Core-II: The Maturing IS Discipline: Institutionalizing our Domain of Inquiry, CAIS, Volume 12 Article 32 November, 2004

Candace Deans, The IS Core - III: The Core Domain Debate and the International Business Discipline: A Comparison, CAIS, Volume 12 Article 33 November, 2003

Donald J. McCubbrey, The IS Core-IV: IS Research: A Third Way, CAIS, Volume 12 Article 34 November, 2004

Carol Saunders, Yu "Andy" Wu “he IS Core - VI: Further Along the Road to the IT Artifact,” CAIS Volume 12 Article 36 November, 2003

Juhani Iivari, “The IS Core - VII: Towards Information Systems as a Science of Meta-Artifacts,” CAIS, Volume 12 Article 37 November, 2003

Michael D. Myers, The IS Core - VIII: Defining the Core Properties of the IS Disciplines: Not Yet, Not Now, CAIS, Volume 12 Article 38 November, 2003

Omar A. El Sawy, The IS Core IX: The 3 Faces of IS Identity: Connection, Immersion, and Fusion, CAIS, Volume 12 Article 39 November, 2003

February 1st : MIS Research Frameworks and Foundations – The Minnesota School of Thought

Ives, B., Hamilton, S., & Davis G.B. 1980. A framework for research in computer-based management information systems. Management Science, 26(9), 910-934.

Niederman, F., Brancheau, J. & Wetherbe, J. 1991. Information systems management issues for the 1990s. MIS Quarterly, 15(4), 475-500 (skim).

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Dickson, G.W., Chervany, N.L. & Senn, J. 1977. Research in MIS: The Minnesota experiments. Management Science, 28(9), 913-923.

Dickson, G.W., Desanctis, G., & McBride, D.J. 1986. Understanding the effectiveness of computer graphics for decision support: A cumulative experimental approach. Communications of the ACM, 29(1), 40-47.

Huber, G.P. 1983. Cognitive style as a basis for MIS and DSS designs: Much ado about nothing? Management Science, 29(5), 567-579.

Robey, D. 1983. Cognitive style and DSS design: A comment on Huber's paper. Management Science, 29(5), 580-582.

February 8th: Other Frameworks of the Information Systems Research Field

Gorry, G.A. and Scott Morton, M. S. (1971), A framework for management information systems, Sloan Management Review, Fall, pp. 55-70.

Mason, R. and Mitroff, I. (1973), “A Program for Research on Management Information Systems,” Management Science, 19(5), pp.475-487.

Culnan, Mary, (1986), "The Intellectual Development of Management Information Systems, 1972-1982: A Co-Citation Analysis", Management Science, Vol.32, No.2, February, pp. 156-172.

Culnan, M. and Swanson, E.B. (1986), "Research in Management Information Systems, 1980-1984: Points of Work and Relevance", MIS Quarterly, 10(3), September, pp.286- 301.

Culnan, Mary (1987), "Mapping the Intellectual Structure of MIS, 1980-1985: A Co- Citation Analysis", MIS Quarterly, September, pp. 341-353.

Cooper, Randy (1988), "Review of Management Information Systems Research: A Management Support Perspective," Information Processing & Management, 24(1), pp.73-102.

Barki, H., Rivard, S. and Talbot, J. (1988), “An Information Systems Keyword Classification Scheme”, MISQ, June, pp. 299-322.

Swanson, E. Burton and Ramiller, Neil C. (1993), "Information Systems Research Thematics: Submissions to a New Journal, 1987-1992", Information Systems Research, Vol.4, No.4, December, pp. 299-330.

Bacon, J. and Fitzgerald, B. (2001), “A Systemic Framework for the Field of Information Systems”, Database, 32(2), Spring, pp 46-67.

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February 15th: An Example of the European Tradition – Rudy Hirschheim and Others

Hirschheim, R. and Klein, H. (1989), "Four Paradigms of Information Systems Development", Communications of the ACM, 32(10), pp. 1199-1216.

Hirschheim, R., Klein, H. K., and Lyytinen, K. (1995), Information Systems Development and Data Modeling: Conceptual and Philosophical Foundations, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Hirschheim, R., Klein, H.K., Lyytinen, K. “Exploring the Intellectual Structures of Information Systems Development: A Social Action Theoretic Analysis”, Accounting, Management and Information Technologies, Vol.6, No.1, 1996

Iivari, J. (1991), “A paradigmatic analysis of contemporary schools of IS development”, European Journal of Information Systems, 1(4), pp. 249-272

Iivari, J., Hirschheim, R. and Klein, H.K. (1998), “A Paradigmatic Analysis Contrasting Information Systems Development Approaches and Methodologies”, Information Systems Research, 9(2), June, pp.164-193.

Iivari, J., R. Hirschheim, and H. Klein, “Towards a Distinctive Body of Knowledge for information systems experts: Coding ISD Process Knowledge in two IS journals”, Information Systems Journal, 14(4), 2004, pp. 313-342.

February 22nd: The Nature of the Field

Ackoff, R. (1967), "Management misinformation systems", Management Science, December, pp. B147-156.

Ackoff, R. (1971), "Towards a system of systems concepts," Management Science, 17(11), pp. 661-671.

Alavi, M. and P. Carlson (1992), “A review of MIS research and disciplinary development”, Journal of Management Information Systems 8(4): 45-62.

Alavi, M., Carlson, P., and Brooke, G., (1989), “The ecology of MIS research: A twenty year review”, in J. I. DeGross, J. C. Henderson, and B. R. Konsynski (Eds.), Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information Systems, pp.363-375.

Applegate, L. and King, J. (1999), “Rigor and Relevance: Careers on the Line” MIS Quarterly, 23(1), pp. 17-18.

Avgerou, C., J. Siemer, et al. (1999), “The academic field of information systems in Europe.” European Journal of Information Systems, 8(2): 136-153.

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Backhouse, J., Liebenau, J. and Land, F. (1991), "On the Discipline of Information Systems", Journal of Information Systems, 1(1), January, pp. 19-27.

Banville, C. and Landry, M., (1989), Can the field of MIS be disciplined?, Communications of the ACM, Vol.32, No.1, January 1989, pp. 48-60.

Bariff. M. and Ginzberg, M., “MIS and the Behavioral Sciences: Research Patterns and Prescriptions”, Proceedings of the First Conference on Information Systems, Philadelphia, 1980, pp.49-58.

Baskerville, R. and Myers, M. (2002), “Information Systems as a Reference Discipline”, MISQ, 26(1), pp. 1-14.

Benbasat, I. and Weber, R. (1996), “Rethinking Diversity in Information Systems Research”, Information Systems Research, 7(4), December, pp.389-399.

Benbasat, I. and Zmud, R. (1999), "Empirical Research in Information Systems: The Practice of Relevance", MIS Quarterly, 23(1), pp. 3-16.

CAIS (2001), Special Issue on Relevancy, Volume 6, March.

Cheon, M., Lee, C. and Grover, V. (1992), "Research in MIS - Points of Work and Reference: A Replication and Extension of the Culnan and Swanson Study", Data Base, 23(2), Spring, pp.21- 29.

Chua, C., Cao, L, Cousins, K. and Straub, D. “Measuring Researcher-Production in Information Systems”, Journal of the Association for Information Systems, Vol. 3, 2002, pp. 145-215

Cooper, R and D. Blair, (1993), “Communicating MIS research: A citation study of journal influence.” Information Processing & Management 29(1): 113-127.

Davenport, T. and Markus, M. L. (1999), “Rigor vs. Relevance Revisited: Response to Benbasat and Zmud,” MIS Quarterly, 23(1), pp. 19-23.

Davis, G. and Olson, M. (1985), Management Information Systems: Conceptual Foundations, Structure, and Development, McGraw-Hill, NY.

Dearden, J. (1972), "MIS is a mirage", Harvard Business Review, January-February, pp.90-99.

Emery, J. and Sprague, C. (1972), "MIS: A mirage or misconception?", Harvard Business Review, 50(3), May-June, pp.22-23.

March 1st : The Nature of the Field continued

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Keen, P., MIS research: reference disciplines and a cumulative tradition, in Proceedings of the First Conference on Information Systems, E. McLean (ed.), Philadelphia, December 1980, pp. 17-31.

Keen, P., MIS research: current status, trends and needs, in Information Systems Education: Recommendations and Implementation, R. Buckingham, R. Hirschheim, F. Land, and C. Tully (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987

Keen, P., (1991), “Relevance and Rigor in Information Systems Research: Improving Quality, Confidence, Cohesion, and Impact,” in H. E. Nissen, H. K. Klein, and R. Hirschheim (Eds.), Information Systems Research: Contemporary Approaches and Emergent Traditions, North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp.27-49.

Klein, H.K. and Hirschheim, R., “Further Reflections on the IS Discipline: Climbing the Tower of Babel” in Information Systems: The State of the Field, J. King and K. Lyytinen, (eds.), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 2006, forthcoming.

Lee, A. (1999), The MIS Field, the Publication Process, and the Future Course of MIS Quarterly, MIS Quarterly 23, No. 1, v-xi.

Lee, A, “Five Challenges to the IS field,” undated, http://www.people.vcu.edu/~aslee/bitworld/sld003.htm.

Lee, A. (1999b), “Rigor and Relevance in MIS Research: Beyond the Approach of Positivism Alone,” MIS Quarterly, 23(1), pp. 29-33.

Lucas, H. (1975), Why Information Systems Fail, Columbia University Press, New York.

Lucas, H. (1999), "The state of the Information Systems Field", Communications of the AIS, 5(1), January.

Lyytinen, K. (1999), “Empirical Research in Information Systems: On the Relevance of Practice in Thinking of IS Research,” MIS Quarterly, 23(1), pp. 25-27.

Lyytinen, K. and King, J.L. “Nothing at the Center? Academic Legitimacy in the Field of Information Systems,” Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 5(6), June, 2004.

Markus, M.L. (1997), “The Qualitative Difference in Information Systems Research and Practice,” in Lee, A., Liebenau, J. and DeGross, J. (eds.), Information Systems and Qualitative Research, Chapman & Hall, London, pp.11-27

Markus, M.L. (1999), “Thinking the Unthinkable: What happens if the IS field as we know it goes away?,” in Rethinking MIS, Currie, W. and Galliers, R. (eds.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp.175-203

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Mason, R. O. (1986),”Four ethical issues of the information age.” MIS Quarterly, (10:1), pp. 5-12.

Rappaport, A. (1968), “Management information systems - another perspective,” Management Science, 15(4), December, pp. B133-136,

Robey, D. (1996), “Diversity in Information Systems Research: Threat, Promise, and Responsibility,” Information Systems Research, 7(4), December, pp.400-408.

Stamper, R. (1987), “Semantics”, in Critical Issues in Information Systems Research, Boland, R.J. Hirschheim, R.A., (eds.), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

Walsham, G. (1993), Interpreting Information Systems in Organizations, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

Zani, W. (1970), “Blueprint for MIS,” Harvard Business Review, November-December, pp.95-100.

March 8th: Some Theory

Orlikowski, W. and Baroudi, J. (1991), "Studying Information Technology in Organizations: Research Approaches and Assumptions," Information Systems Research. 2(1) March, pp. 1-28.

Markus, M.L. and Robey, D. (1988), "Information technology and organizational change: causal structure in theory and research," Management Science, 34(5) May, pp. 583-598.

Astley, G. and Van de Ven, A. (1983), “Central perspectives and debates in organization theory”, Administrative Science Quarterly. 28, pp. 245-273.

Bacharach, Samuel B. “Organizational Theories: Some Criteria for Evaluation”, The Academy of Management Review, Volume 14, Number 4 (October 1989), pp.496-515

Berger, P. and Luckmann, T., The Social Construction of Reality, New York: Basic Books, 1967.

DiMaggio, P. (1995), “Comments on What Theory is Not”, ASQ, 40, pp. 392-397

Giddens, A., The Constitution of Society: Outline for a Theory of Structuration, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1984.

Habermas, J. The Theory of Communicative Action - Volume One; Reason and the Rationalization of Society, Beacon Press, Boston, 1984.

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Habermas, J., The Theory of Communicative Action: The Critique of Functionalist Reason, Volume Two, Beacon Press, Boston, 1987.

Poole, Marshall Scott and Van de Ven, Andrew H. “Using Paradox to Build Management and Organization Theories”, Academy of Management Review, Vol.14, No.4 (1989), pp.562-578.

March 22nd: Some Theory continued

Porra, J. (1999). Colonial Systems. Information Systems Research, 10, 1 (March, 1999), pp. 38-69.

Porra, J. and M.S. Parks (2006). “Sustaining Virtual Communities: Suggestions from the Colonial Model”, Information Systems and e-Business Management, forthcoming.

Steinfield, Charles W. and Fulk, Janet “The Theory Imperative”, in Janet Fulk and Charles Steinfield (editors) Organizations and Communications Technology, Sage Publications, Newbury Park, California, 1990, pp.13-25.

Whetten, David A. “What Constitutes a Theoretical Contribution?”, The Academy of Management Review, Volume 14, Number 4 (October 1989), pp.490-495

Baum, J.A.C., and Singh, J.V. (1994). Evolutionary Dynamics of Organizations. New York: Oxford University Press.

Argyris, C., Schon, D.A. (1978). Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1978.

Eldredge, N., and Gould, S. (1972). Punctuated Equilibria: An Alternative to Phyletic Gradualism. In T.J.M. Schopf, Models in Paleobiology. Freeman, Cooper & Company, San Francisco, CA. pp, 82-115.

Gould, S. J. 1986. Evolution and the triumph of homology, or why history matters. Amer. Scientist, 74 (January-February) 60-69.

Gould, S.J. 1987. Is a new and general theory of evolution emerging? In Self-Organizing Systems—The Emergence of Order F. E. Yates, Ed. Plenum Press, New York pp 113- 130.

Gould, S. J. 1989a. Wonderful Life—The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. W. W. Norton & Company, New York.

Gould, S.J. 1989b. Punctuated equilibrium in fact and theory. /. Social Biological Structures 12 117-136.

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Gould, S.J. 1992. Ever Since Darwin—Refiections of Natural History (Norton Paperback, reissued 1979 ed.). W. W. Norton & Company. New York.

Astley, W.G. (1985). The Two Ecologies: Population and Community Perspectives on Organizational Evolution. Administrative Science Quarterly, 30, pp. 224-241.

Anderson, P.M., and Tushman, L. (1990). Technological Discontinuities and Dominant Designs: A cyclical Model of Technological Change. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, pp. 604-633.

Gersick, C.J.G. (1991). Revolutionary Change Theories: A Multilevel Exploration of the Punctuated Equilibrium Paradigm. Academy of Management Review, 16, 1, pp. 10-36.

Hannan, M.T., and Freeman, J.H. (1977). The Population Ecology of Organizations, American Journal of Sociaology, 32, pp. 929-964.

Hannan, M.T., and Freeman, J. (1984). Structural Inertia and Organizational Change. American Sociology Review, 49, pp. 149-164.

Hannan, M. T., and Freeman, J.H. (1989). Organization Ecology. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Hannan, M.T., Ranger-Moore, J., and Banaszak-Holl, J. (1990). Competition and and the Evolution of Organizational Size Distributions. In J.V. Singh (Ed.), Organizational Evolution: New Directions. Newbury Park, CA, Sage, pp. 246-68.

Lumsden, C.J., and Singh, J.V. (1990). The Dynamics of Organizational Speciation. In J.V. Singh (Ed.) Organizational Evolution: New Directions, pp. 145-63. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Mayr, E. (1982). The Growth of Biological Thought – Diversity, Evolution and Inheritance. Cambride, MA: Harvard University Press.

McKendrick, D.G., and Carroll, G.R. (2001). On the Genesis of Organizational Forms: Evidence from the Market for Disk Arrays. Organization Science, 12, 6, November- December, 2001, pp. 661-682.

Sabherwal, R., Hirschheim, R. and Goles, T. (2001). The Dynamics of Alignment: Insights from a Punctuated Equilibrium Model. Organization Science, 12, 2, March-April 2001, pp. 179-197.

Sastry, M.A. (1997). Problems and Paradoxes in a Model of Punctuated Organizational Change. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 2, pp. 237-275.

Schopf, T. J. M. (1972). (Ed.) Models in Paleobiology. Freeman, Cooper & Company. SanFrancisco, CA.

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Singh, J.V., House, R.J., and Tucker, D.J. (1986). Organizational Change and Organizational Mortality. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31, pp. 587-611.

Singh, J.V., and Lumsden, C.J. (1990). Theory and Research in Organizational Ecology. Annual Review of Sociology, 16, pp. 161-195.

Tushman, M.L., and Anderson, P. (1986). Technological Discontinuities and Organizational Environments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31, pp. 439-465.

Tushman, M.L., and Romanelli, E. (1985). Organizational Evolution: A Metamorphosis Model of Convergence and Reorientation. Research in Organization Behavior, 7, pp. 171-222.

Van de Ven, A.H., and Poole, M.S. (1995). Explaining Development and Change in Organizations. Academy of Management Review, 3, pp. 510-540.

Wilson, E.O. (1975). Sociobiology – The New Synthesis. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Wilson, E.O. (1980). Sociobiology – The Abridged Edition. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

March 29th : Some Methods

Avison, D., Lau, F., Myers, M., and Nielsen, P.A. (1999), "Action Research," Communications of the ACM, 42(1), pp. 94-97.

Baroudi, J. and Orlikowski, W., "The Problem of Statistical Power in MIS Research", MIS Quarterly, March 1989, pp.87-106.

Benbasat, I., Goldstein, D. and Mead, M., “The case research strategy in studies of information systems”, MIS Quarterly, Vol.11, No.3, September 1987, pp.369-386.

Boland, R. J., "Phenomenology: A Preferred Approach to Research in Information Systems", in Mumford, E., Hirschheim, R., Fitzgerald, G. and Wood-Harper, T. (eds.), Research Methods in Information Systems, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1985, pp.193-202.

Cooke, T. D. and Campbell, D. T. Quasi-experimentation: Design and Analysis Issues for Field Settings, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1979

DeLone, W. and McLean, E. (1992), Information Systems Success: the Quest for the Dependent Variable, Information Systems Research, 3:1, pp.60-95.

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Galliers, R. and Land, F., Choosing appropriate information systems research methodologies, Communications of the ACM, Vol.30, No.11, November 1987, pp. 900-902.

Galliers, R.D. "Choosing Appropriate Information Systems Research Approaches: A Revised Taxonomy", H.E. Nissen, H.K. Klien, and R. Hirschheim (editors), Information Systems Research: Contemporary Approaches and Emergent Traditions, Elsevier Science Publishers (North Holland), 1991, pp.327-345.

Jenkins, A. M., "Research Methodologies and MIS Research", in E. Mumford et al. (editors), Research Methods in Information Systems, North Holland, 1985, pp.103-117

Kaplan, B. and Duchon, D., Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches in information systems research: a case study, MIS Quarterly, Vol.12, No.4, December 1988, pp. 571-586.

Lee, A., A scientific methodology for MIS case studies, MIS Quarterly, Vol.13, No.1, March 1989, pp. 33-50.

Lee, A.S., “Integrating positivist and interpretive approaches to organizational research”, Organization Science, Vol. 2, No. 4, 1991, pp. 342-365

Lincoln, Y. and Guba, E. (1985), Naturalistic Inquiry, Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.

Mason, R., McKenney, J. and Copeland, D., “Developing an historical tradition in MIS research”, MIS Quarterly, Vol.21, No.3, September 1997, pp.257-278.

Mason, R., McKenney, J. and Copeland, D., “An historical method for MIS research: Steps and assumptions”, MIS Quarterly, Vol.21, No.3, September 1997, pp.307-320

Porra, J., Hirschheim, R. and Parks, M. “The History of Texaco’s Corporate Information Technology Function: A General Systems Theoretical Interpretation”, MIS Quarterly, 29(4), December 2005, pp. 721-746.

Polkinghorne, D. (1983), Methodology for the Human Sciences: Systems of Inquiry, State University of New York Press, Albany.

Steffy, B. and Grimes, A. (1986), "A Critical Theory of Organizational Science," Academy of Management Review, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 322-336.

Klein, H.K. and Lyytinen, K.. The Poverty of Scientism, In Mumford, E., Hirschheim, R., Fitzgerald, G. and Wood-Harper, T. (Eds.), Research Methods in Information Systems. Amsterdam: North-Holland. 1985, pp.131-162.

Weber, R. (1987), “Toward a Theory of Artifacts: A Paradigmatic Basis for Information Systems Research,” Journal of Information Systems, Vol. 2, Spring, pp. 3-19.

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Klein, H. K., and Myers, M. (1999), "A Set of Principles for Conducting and Evaluating Interpretive Field Studies in Information Systems", MIS Quarterly, 23(1), March, pp. 67- 94.

Orlikowski, W. and Iacono, S. (2001), “Desperately Seeking the IT in IT Research”, Information Systems Research, 7(4), pp. 400-408.

Klein, H. K., and Myers, M. (1999), "A Set of Principles for Conducting and Evaluating Interpretive Field Studies in Information Systems", MIS Quarterly, 23(1), March, pp. 67- 94

Orlikowski, W. and Iacono, S. (2001), “Desperately Seeking the IT in IT Research”, Information Systems Research, 7(4), pp. 400-408.

April 5th: Some topics

Decision Support Systems / Group Decision Support Systems

Sprague, R.H. 1980. A framework for the development of decision support systems. MIS Quarterly, 4(4).

Sharda, R., Barr, S.H. & McDonnell, J.C. 1988. Decision support system effectiveness: A review and an empirical test. Management Science, 34(2), 139-159.

DeSanctis, G. and Gallupe, R.B. 1987. A foundation for the study of group decision support systems. Management Science, 33(5), 589-609.

Dennis, A.R., George, J.F., Jessup, L.M., Nunamaker, Jr., J.F., and Vogel, D.R. 1988. Information technology to support electronic meetings. MIS Quarterly, 12(4), 591-624.

Watson, R.W., DeSanctis, G.L. & Poole, M.S. 1988. Using a GDSS to facilitate group consensus: Some intended and unintended consequences. MIS Quarterly, 12(3), 463- 478.

George, J.F., Easton, G.K., Nunamaker, Jr., J.F. & Northcraft, G.B. 1990. A study of collaborative group work with and without computer-based support. Information Systems Research, 1(4), 440-457. (*)

Javenpaa, S.L., G.W. Dickson, G. DeSanctis, “Methodological Issues in Experimental IS Research: Experiences and Recommendations,” MIS Quarterly, June, 1985, pp. 141-156.

Nunnally, Jum C., Ira H. Bernstein, Chapter 1: Introduction, “Psychometric Theory,” McGraw-Hill, 1994

User Acceptance and Success

15 16

Davis, F.D., Bagozzi, R.P. & Warshaw, P.R. 1989. User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982- 1003.

Mathieson, K. 1991. Predicting user intentions: Comparing the technology acceptance model with the theory of planned behavior. Information Systems Research, 2(3), 173- 191.

Adams, D.A., Nelson, R.R., & Todd, P.A. 1992. Perceived usefulness, ease of use, and usage of information technology: A replication. MIS Quarterly, 16(2), 227-247.

Srinivasan, A. 1985. Alternative measures of system effectiveness: Associations and implications. MIS Quarterly, 9(3), 243-253.

DeLone, W.H., & McLean, E.R. 1992. Information systems success: The quest for the dependent variable. Information Systems Research, 3(1), 60-95.

Instrument Development

Ives, B., Olson, M. & Baroudi, J. 1983. The measurement of user information satisfaction. Communications of the ACM, 26(10), 785-793.

John, Oliver P. and V. Benet-Martinez, “Measurement: Reliability, Construct Validation, and Scale Construction, chapter 3 in Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology, Edited by Harry T. Reis & Charles M. Judd, Cambridge

Nunnally, J., I.H. Bernstein “Validity,” Chapter 3 of Psychometric Theory, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill

Kerlinger, F.N. and H.B. Lee, “Validity”, Chapter 28 of Foundations of Behavioral Research, Fourth Edition, Wasworth

Davis, F. D, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Technology, MIS Quarterly, September, 1989, pp. 319-339

Moore, G.C. & Benbasat, I. (1991), Development of an instrument to measure the perceptions of adopting an information technology innovation. Information Systems Research, 2(3), 192-222.

Compeau, D.B. and C. A. Higgins, “Computer Self-Efficacy: Development of a Measure and Initial Test, MIS Quarterly, June, 1995, pp. 189-211

Webster, J., J.J. Marttocchio, “Microcomputer Playfulness: Development of a Measure with Workplace Implications,” MIS Quarterly, June, 1992, pp. 201-226.

Media Richness and Cross-Media Comparisons

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Daft, R.L., Lengel, R.H. & Trevino, L.K. 1987. Message equivocality, media selection, and manager performance: Implications for information systems. MIS Quarterly, 11(3), 355-366.

Kahai, S. and Cooper, R. (2003), 'Exploring the Core Concepts of Media Richness Theory: The impact of cue multiplicity and feedback immediacy on decision quality', Journal of Management Information Systems (20:1), pp. 263-299.

Carlson, P. and Davis, G. (1998) "An investigation of media selection among directors and managers: From 'self' to 'other' orientation," MIS Quarterly, 22, 3, 335-358.

Markus, L. M. (1994), 'Electronic Mail as the Medium of Managerial Choice', Organization Science, (5:4), pp. 502-527.

Sussman, S.W and Sproull, L. (1999) "Straight talk: Delivering bad news through electronic communication," Information Systems Research, 10, 2, June, 150- 166.

User Involvement

Tait, P. & Vessey, I. 1988. The effect of user involvement on system success: A contingency approach. MIS Quarterly, 12(1), 91-108.

Baronas A.K. & Louis, M.R. 1988. Restoring a sense of control during implementation: How user involvement leads to system acceptance. MIS Quarterly, 12(1), 111-124.

Barki, H.& Hartwick, J. 1989. Rethinking the concept of user involvement. MIS Quarterly, 13(1), 53-63.

Barki, H.& Hartwick, J., 1994 “User Participation, Conflict, and Conflict-Resolution – The Mediating Roles of Influence, Information Systems Research, 5(4): 422-438 DEC 1994.

Information Systems and Organizational Change

Keen, P. 1981. Information systems and organizational change. Communications of the ACM, 24(1), 24-33.

Markus, M.L. & Robey, D. 1988. Information technology and organizational change: Causal structure in theory and research. Management Science, 34(5), 583-598.

Orlikowski, W.J. & Robey, D. 1991. Information technology and the structuring of organizations. Information Systems Research, 2(2), 143-169.

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Orlikowski, W.J. & Baroudi, J.J. 1991. Studying information technology in organizations: Research approaches and assumptions. Information Systems Research, 2(1), 1-28.

Systems Development and Implementation / EUC

Ein-Dor, P. & Segev, S. 1978. Organizational context and success of management information systems. Management Science, 24(10), 1067-1077.

Ginzberg, M. 1981. Early diagnosis of MIS implementation failure: Promising results and unanswered questions. Management Science, 27(4), 459-478.

Markus, M.L. 1983. Power, politics and MIS implementation. Communications of the ACM, 26(6), 430-444.

Alavi, M. 1984. An assessment of the prototyping approach to information systems development. Communications of the ACM, 27(6), 556-563.

Ives, B. & Olson, M.H. 1984. User involvement in information system development: A Review of the research. Management Science, 30(5), 586-603.

Curtis, B., Krasner, H., & Iscoe, N. 1988. A field study of the software design process for large systems. Communications of the ACM, 31(11), 1268-1287.

Cooper, R.B. & Zmud, R.W. 1990. Information technology implementation research: A technological diffusion approach. Management Science, 36(2), 123-139.

End User Computing

Rockart, J.F. & Flannery, L.S. 1983. The management of end-user computing. Communications of the ACM, 26(10), 776-84.

Benson, D.H. 1983. A field study of end user computing: Findings and issues. MIS Quarterly, 7(4), 35-45.

Lee, D.M.S. 1986. Usage patterns and sources of assistance for personal computer users. MIS Quarterly, 10(4), 313-325.

IS Design and Development

Ackoff, R.L. 1967. Management misinformation systems. Management Science, December, B147-B156.

Boland, R. 1978. The process and product of system design. Management Science, 24, 887-898.

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Davis, G. 1982. Strategies for information requirements determination. IBM Systems Journal, 21(1).

Carmel, E., Whitaker, R. & George, J.F. 1993. PD and joint application design: A transatlantic comparison. Communications of the ACM, 36(6), 40-48.

George, J.F. 2000. The origins of software: Acquiring systems at the end of the century. In Zmud, R.W. (ed), Framing the Domains of IT Management Research: Glimpsing the Future through the Past. Cincinnati, OH: Pinnaflex Educational Resources, Inc., 263- 284.

Henderson, J. & Cooprider, J. 1990. Dimensions of I/S planning and design aids: A functional model of CASE technology. Information Systems Research, 1(3), 227-254.

Banker, R, & Kauffman, R. 1991. Reuse and productivity in integrated computer-aided software engineering: An empirical study. MIS Quarterly, 15(3), 375-402.

Kemerer, C.F. 1993. Reliability of function points measurement: A field experiment. Communications of the ACM, 36(2), 85-97.

Fichman, R.G. & Kemerer, C.F. 1993. Adoption of software process innovations: The case of object orientation. Sloan Management Review, 34(2), 7-22.

Klepper, R. & Bock, A. 1995. Third and fourth generation language productivity differences. Communications of the ACM, 38(9), 69-79.

Fichman, R.G. & Kemerer, C.F. 1997. The assimilation of software process innovations: An organizational learning perspective. Management Science, 43(10), 1345-1363.

Managing Information Technology

Rockart, J.F. 1979. Chief executives define their own data needs. Harvard Business Review, 57(2), 81-93.

Nolan, R.L. 1979. Managing the crises in data processing. Harvard Business Review, 57(2), 115-126.

Drucker, P.F. 1988. The coming of the new organization. Harvard Business Review, 66(1), 45-53.

Hammer, M. 1990. Reengineering work – Don’t automate, obliterate. Harvard Business Review, 68(4), 104-112.

Zmud, R.W. 1980. Management of large software development efforts. MIS Quarterly, 4(2), 45-55.

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Kling, R. & Iacono, S. 1984. The control of information systems development after implementation. Communications of the ACM, 27(12), 1218-1226.

Keil, M. 1995. Pulling the plug: Software project management and the problem of project escalation. MIS Quarterly, 19(4), 421-447.

Nidumolu, S. 1995. The effect of coordination and uncertainty on software project performance: Residual risk as an intervening variable. Information Systems Research, 6(3), 191-216.

Kirsch, L. 1996. The management of complex tasks in organizations: Controlling the systems development process. Organization Science, 7(1), 1-21.

Newman, M. & Saberwal, R. 1996. Determinants of commitment to information systems development: A longitudinal investigation. MIS Quarterly, 20(1), 23-54.

Swanson, E.B. & Dans, E. 2000. System life expectancy and the maintenance effort: Exploring their equilibrium. MIS Quarterly, 24(2), 277-297.

Keil, M., Mann, J., & Rai, A. 2000. Why software projects escalate: An empirical analysis and test of four theoretical models. MIS Quarterly, 24(4), 631-664.

Strategic Information Technology and Economics of Information Technology

King, W.R. 1978. Strategic planning for management information systems. MIS Quarterly, 27-37.

McFarlan, F.W. 1984. Information technology changes the way you compete. Harvard Business Review, 62(3), 98-103.

Ives, B. & Learmonth, G. 1984. The information system as a competitive weapon. Communications of the ACM, 27(12), 1193-1201.

Cash, J.I. & Konsynski, B.R. 1985. IS redraws competitive boundaries. Harvard Business Review, 63(2), 134-142.

Porter, M.E. & Millar, V.E. 1985. How information gives you competitive advantage. Harvard Business Review, 63(4), 149-160.

Malone, T.W., Benjamin, R.I. & Yates, J.. 1987. Electronic markets and electronic hierarchies. Communications of the ACM, 30(6), 484-497.

Gurbaxani, V. & Whang, 1991. The impact of information systems on organizations and markets. Communications of the ACM, 34(1), 59-73.

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April 12th: Some more Topics

Adams, D., Nelson, R. and Todd, P., “Perceived usefulness, ease of use, and usage of information technology: a replication”, MIS Quarterly, Vol.16, No.2, June 1992, pp.227- 247

Barki, H., and Hartwick, J. (1994), “Measuring user participation, user involvement, and user attitude. MIS Quarterly, March

Barley, S., “Technology as an occasion for structuring: evidence from observations of CT scanners and the social order of radiology departments”. Administrative Science Quarterly. Vol. 31, No. 1, March, 1986, pp.78-108.

Beath, C. and Orlikowski, W., "The Contradictory Structure of Systems Development Methodologies: Deconstructing the IS-User Relationship in Information Engineering", Information Systems Research, Vol.5, No.4, 1994, pp.350-377.

Belcher, L. and Watson, H., “Assessing the value of Conoco’s EIS”, MIS Quarterly, Vol.17, No.3, September 1993, pp.255-270.

Boland, R. J., "The Process and Product of System Design", Management Science, Vol 28, No 9, 1978, pp. 887-898.

Boland, R. J., "Control, Causality and Information System Requirements", Accounting, Organizations and Society, 4(5), 1979, pp.259-272.

Boland, R. J., "The In-Formation of Information Systems," In Boland, R. and Hirschheim, R. (Eds.), Critical Issues in Information Systems Research. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1987, pp.363-380.

Boland R. J. "Metaphorical Traps in Developing Information Systems for Human Progress", in Klein H., Kumar K. (eds), Systems Development for Human Progress, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1989, pp.277-290.

Boland, R. J. and Day, W., The Process of System Design: A Phenomenological Approach, in Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Information Systems, (eds.) M. Ginzberg and C. Ross, (Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1982) pp. 31-45.

Boland, R.J. and Tenkas, R. “Perspective Making and Perspective Taking in Communities of Knowing”, Organization Science, 6(4), Jul-Aug. 1995, pp.350-372

Bostrom, R. and Heinen, S. (1977), "MIS Problems and Failures: A Sociotechnical Perspective - Part I: The Causes, MIS Quarterly, 1(3), pp. 17-32.

Brynjolfsson, E and Hitt, L., (1996), "Paradox lost?: Firm-level evidence of the returns on information systems spending", Management Science, Vol. 42, pp 541-558.

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Cats-Baril, W. and Jelassi, T., “The French videotex system Minitel: A successful implementation of a national information technology infrastructure”, MIS Quarterly, Vol.18, No.1, March 1994, pp.1-20.

Chen, P. (1976), The Entity-Relationship Model: Toward a Unified View of Data, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 1(1) March, 9-36.

Chin, W. and Todd, P., “On the use, usefulness, and ease of use of structural equation modeling in MIS research: A note of caution”, MIS Quarterly, Vol.19, No.2, June 1995, pp.237-246.

Cooper, R. B., and Zmud, R. W. (1990), “Information Technology Implementation Research: A Technological Diffusion Approach.” Management Science, 36 (2), 123-139.

Davis, F. “Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology”, MIS Quarterly, Vol.13, No.3, Sept 1989, pp.319-340.

Davis, Gordon B. (1980), "The Knowledge and Skill Requirements for the Doctorate in MIS", First International Conference on Information Systems, Philadelphia PA, December, pp. 174-186.

Feldman, M. and March, J., "Information in Organizations as Signal and Symbol," Administrative Science Quarterly, 26(2) 1981, pp.171-186.

Goles, T. and Hirschheim, R. (2000), "The Paradigm is Dead, the Paradigm is Dead…. Long Live the Paradigm: The Legacy of Burrell and Morgan", OMEGA, 28(3), May- June, pp.249-268.

Hedberg, B. and Jonsson, S. (1978), "Designing Semi-confusing Information Systems for Organizations in Changing Environments", Accounting, Organizations and Society, vol 3, no 1, pp. 47-64.

Hirschheim, R. (1986), "The Effect of A Priori Views of the Social Implications of Computing: The Case of Office Automation", ACM Computing Surveys, Vol.18, No.2, June, pp.165-195.

Hirschheim, R. and Klein, H. (1989), "Four Paradigms of Information Systems Development", Communications of the ACM, 32(10), pp. 1199-1216.

Hirschheim, R. and Klein, H.K. (1994), “Realizing Emancipatory Principles in Information Systems Development: The Case for ETHICS,” MIS Quarterly, 18(1), March, pp.83-109.

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Hirschheim, R. and M. Newman, (1991), "Symbolism and Information Systems Development: Myth, Metaphor and Magic", Information Systems Research, Vol.2, No.1, March, pp.1-34.

Hirschheim, R. and Sabherwal, R. (2001), "Detours in the path toward Strategic Information Systems Alignment: Excessive Transformations, Paradoxical Decisions, and Uncertain Turnarounds", California Management Review, Vol. 44, No, 1, Fall, pp.87- 108.

Hitt, L. and Brynjolfsson, E., “Productivity, business profitability, and consumer surplus: Three different measures of information technology value”, MIS Quarterly, Vol.20, No.2, June 1996, pp.121-142.

Huber, G.P. (1983), "Cognitive Style as a Basis for MIS and DSS Designs: Much Ado About Nothing?", Management Science, 29(5), pp. 567-577.

Iivari, J. (1991), “A paradigmatic analysis of contemporary schools of IS Development”, European Journal of Information Systems, 1(4), pp. 249-272

Iivari, J., Hirschheim, R. and Klein, H.K. (1998), “A Paradigmatic Analysis Contrasting Information Systems Development Approaches and Methodologies”, Information Systems Research, 9(2), June, pp.164-193.

Iivari, J., R. Hirschheim, and H. Klein, “Towards a Distinctive Body of Knowledge for information systems experts: Coding ISD Process Knowledge in two IS journals”, Information Systems Journal, 14(4), 2004, pp. 313-342.

Ives, B. and Learmonth, G. (1984), "The Information System as a Competitive Weapon," Communications of the ACM, 27(12), December, 1193-1201.

Ives, Blake and Margrethe H. Olson, (1984), "User Involvement and MIS Success: A Review of Research", Management Science, Volume 30, Number 5, May, pp.586-603.

Jarvenpaa, S., The importance of laboratory experimentation in IS research, Communications of the ACM, Vol.31, No.12, December 1988, pp.1502-1504.

Keen, P. (1981), "Information Systems and Organizational Change", Communications of the ACM, 24(1), pp.24-33.

Keen, P. and Scott-Morton, M. (1978), Decision Support Systems: An Organizational Perspective, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.

Kent, W. (1978), Data and Reality. Amsterdam: North-Holland.

Klein, H. and Hirschheim, R. (1991), “Rationality Concepts in Information Systems Development Methodologies,” Accounting, Management and Information Technologies,

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1(2), pp.157-187

Klein, H.K. and Hirschheim, R. (1992), “Paradigmatic Influences on Information Systems Development Methodologies: Evolution and Conceptual Advances,” Advances in Computers, Vol.34, M. Yovits (ed.), Academic Press, New York, pp.293-392.

Klein, H.K. and Hirschheim, R. (2001), “Choosing Between Competing Design Ideals in Information Systems Development,” Information Systems Frontiers, 3(1), pp.75-90.

Kling, R. (1980), Social Analyses of Computing: Theoretical Perspectives in Recent Empirical Research. ACM Computing Surveys, 12(1).

Kling, R. (1987), Defining the Boundaries of Computing Across Complex Organizations. In Boland, R. and Hirschheim, R. (Eds.), Critical Issues in Information Systems Research, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 307-362.

Lee, A., "Electronic Mail as a Medium for Rich Communication: An Empirical Investigation Using Hermeneutic Interpretation", In Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Information Systems, J. DeGross, R. Bostrom, and D. Robey (eds.), Orlando, Florida, 1993, pp.13-22. (also in MIS Quarterly, Vol.18, No.2, June 1994, pp.143-158)

Lyytinen, K. (1985), "Implications of Theories of Language for Information Systems," MIS Quarterly, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 61-74.

Lyytinen, K. (1987), “Different Perspectives on Information Systems: Problems and Solutions.” ACM Computing Surveys 19(1)

Lyytinen, K. and R. Hirschheim, (1987), "Information Systems Failures: A Survey and Classification of the Empirical Literature", Oxford Surveys in Information Technology, Vol.4, pp.257-309.

Markus, M. L., "Power, Politics and MIS Implementation", Communications of the ACM, Vol. 26, No. 6, June 1983, pp. 430-444.

Markus, M.L. and Mao, J. “Participation in Development and Implementation — Updating An Old, Tired Concept for Today’s IS”, Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 5(11-12) December 2004, pp.514-544

Mason, R. O. (1986),”Four ethical issues of the information age." MIS Quarterly, (10:1), pp. 5-12.

McKenney, J., Mason, R., and Copeland, D., “Bank of America: The crest and trough of technological leadership”, MIS Quarterly, Vol.21, No.3, September 1997, pp.321-353.

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Newman, M. and Robey, D. (1992), "A Social Process Model of the User-Analyst Relationships", MIS Quarterly, Vol 16, No 2, June, pp.249-266.

Newman, M. and Sabherwal, R., “Determinants of commitment to information systems development: A longitudinal investigation”, MIS Quarterly, Vol.20, No.1, March 1996, pp.23-54.

Nunamaker, J., Dennis, A., Valacich, J., Vogel, D. and George, J. (1991), "Electronic Meeting Systems to Support Group Work," Communications of the ACM, 34(7) July, 40- 61.

Ngwenyama, O. and Lee, A., “Communication richness in electronic mail: Critical social theory and the contextuality of meaning”, MIS Quarterly, Vol.21, No.2, June 1997, pp.145-168.

Orlikowski, W., "Integrated Information Environment or Matrix of Control? The Contradictory Implications of Information Technology, Accounting, Management, and Information Technologies, Vol 1, No 1, 1991, pp. 9-42.

Orlikowski, W., The Duality of Technology: Rethinking the Concept of Technology in Organizations", Organizational Science, Vol. 3, No. 3, August 1992, pp.398-427.

Orlikowski, W. and Baroudi, J., "Studying Information Technology in Organizations: Research Approaches and Assumptions," Information Systems Research. 2(1) March 1991, pp.1-28.

Orlikowski, W. and Robey, D., "Information Technology and the Structuring of Organizations", Information Systems Research, 2(2), June 1991, pp.143-169.

Ouchi, W. (1980), "Markets, Bureaucracies, and Clans," Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 25, pp. 129-141.

Pinsonneault, A. and Kraemer, K., “The impact of information technology on middle managers”, MIS Quarterly, Vol.17, No.3, September 1993, pp.271-292.

Porter, M. and Millar, V. (1984), How information gives you competitive advantage, Harvard Business Review, 63(4) July, 149-160.

Sabherwal, R., Hirschheim, R. and Goles, T. (2001), “The Dynamics of Alignment: A Punctuated Equilibrium Model”, Organization Science, 12(2), pp. 179-197.

Sarkar, S.and Lee, A. “Using a Positivist Case Research Methodology to Test Three Competing Theories-in-Use of Business Process Redesign, Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 2(7), January 2002

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Silva, L. and Backhouse, J. (2003), The Circuits-of-Power Framework for Studying Power in Institutionalization of Information Systems. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 4(6), pp. 294-336

Smithson, S. and Hirschheim, R. (1998), “Analyzing Information Systems Evaluation: Another Look at an Old Problem,” European Journal of Information Systems, 7(3), September, pp.158-174.

Suchman, L. (1987), Plans and Situated Actions - The Problem of Human-Machine Communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Todd, P. and Benbasat, I., “An experimental investigation of the impact of computer based decision aids on decision making strategies”, Information Systems Research, Vol.2, No.2, June 1991, pp.87-115.

Truman, G. and Baroudi, J., “Gender differences in the information systems managerial ranks: An assessment of potential discriminatory practices”, MIS Quarterly, Vol.18, No.2, June 1994, pp.129-142.

Umanath, N. and Scamell, R., “An experimental evaluation of the impact of data display format on recall performance”, Communications of the ACM, Vol.31, No.5, May 1988, pp.562-571.

Walsham, G., "Organizational metaphors and information systems research", European Journal of Information Systems, Vol.1, No.2, 1991, pp. 83-94.

Weill, P., “The relationship between investment in information technology and firm performance: a study of the valve manufacturing sector”, Information Systems Research, Vol.3, No.4, December 1992, pp.307-333.

Winograd, T. and Flores, K. F. (1986), Understanding Computers and Cognition, Ablex, Norwood, NJ.

Zmud, R., (1979), "Individual Differences and MIS Success: A Review of the Empirical Literature", Management Science, Volume 25, Number 10, October, pp.966-979.

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Appendix 1

Some More Possible Research Topics in the Information Systems Research Field By Rudy Hirschheim

IS Schools of Thought / Theory / Nature of IS  Inquiry Systems and Systems Thinking (Churchman), ISDOS (Teichroew), Stockholm School (Langefors), Minnesota School (Davis, Dickson); Socio- Technical (Emery & Trist, Mumford), Soft Systems (Checkland), Emerging Schools (Interactionist, Critical Social Theory, etc.)  Reference disciplines and their role in IS (Organizational Theory, Management Science, Computer Science, Psychology, Sociology, Library Science, Social Anthropology)

IS Research and Methodologies  IS research, IS as a field, subject matter of IS, theory building in IS, philosophical assumptions in IS, falsifiability, cumulative research tradition, intellectual structures, reference disciplines, IS evolution, IS maturation, research designs, construct measurement, data analysis, survey instruments, results generalization, informant bias, assessing research, IS journals, collaborative research, action research

Information Technology  Generations of IT development (from mainframes to the internet), new forms of IT, the relationship between IT and IS

Implementation and Impact  IS Implementation (IS implementation, IT infusion, IT routinization, incorporation of IT, IT utilization)  Organizational Outcomes (impact of IT on individual, group, organization, society; e.g., interpersonal power, work group structuring, organizational structure/communications, interdepartmental relationships, workplace democracy, work performance, perceptions of work, structuration, IS sophistication, information climate, IT fit to functional structure)  Information Technology Diffusion (IT diffusion, IT practice diffusion, adoption of IT or IT practice)  Cross-Cultural research

Information Systems Development  System Project Estimation (software development estimation/effort, project duration/schedule, software development cost, cost estimation system complexity)  Software Maintenance  User Involvement/Participation

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 IS Design  Requirements Analysis & Modeling (information requirements, user requirements, requirements analysis, system functionality, formal information representation grammars for analysis and design, systems analysis)  Data Modeling & Database Design (data model, relational data model, data semantics, entity-relationship constructs, database design, distributed database, semantic heterogeneity, data source knowledge)  System Development Process (information systems development process/approaches/efforts/project, software development project)  Tools & Techniques in System Development (CASE, software engineering techniques, object oriented analysis/design/implementation, representation tool, data flow diagram)  ISD Methodologies

Decision Support and Knowledge Based Systems  DSS Model Management (model management; model-base management; model formulation, identifying, selecting, sequencing model units; synthesizing, linking models)  DSS Applications (DSS and its application in some domain)  Expert System Applications (Application of expert systems, expert systems and its application in some domain, AI and its application, knowledge based system and its application)  DSS Design (DSS design/requirements analysis/design methodologies, selection, evaluation of DSS generators, model precision)  Expert System Design & Evaluation (Knowledge based systems requirements determination, analysis, and design; network knowledge based systems; intelligent decision support systems; explanation in expert systems; expert system performance  Knowledge Acquisition (Knowledge acquisition, expert knowledge elicitation, belief elicitation, inductive algorithm, inductive expert system, adaptive expert system, concept induction methodology)  DSS Outcomes (DSS effectiveness, effects of DSS use on performance/behavior/strategy/confidence)  DSS Development and Implementation (DSS implementation, use and acceptance of DSS, user involvement in DSS development)  Other Types of IS (EIS, GDSS, GSS, electronic meeting system, computer mediated communication, computer conferencing, teleconferencing, electronic messaging, workgroup memory, multi-user knowledge based system & collaborative decisions, communication technologies & group collaboration, multimedia technology & interaction in groups, e-commerce)

Evaluation and Control  Computer Resource Allocation (computer resource allocation, access policy, chargeback system design)

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 IS Performance Evaluation (evaluation of information systems defining and measuring IS success/IS planning success)  Data Management (data management environments, data administration, database snapshots, data quality measurement, database errors, DBMS benchmarking)  IS Security & Control (IS security, IS dependability/ auditing/backup, system access, database security)  IS Ethics (unethical behavior by users, unauthorized software copying)

Users  IS-User Relationships (relationship/interaction between IS staff and users, users' understanding of language of systems development methodologies, IS- user partnership  User Information Evaluation & Satisfaction (user satisfaction, perceived information quality/accessibility, user evaluation of IS, subjective factors in IS output evaluations)  User Perceptions & Attitudes (User attitudes/perceptions, perceptions of managers of the value of information technology, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use)  User Involvement  End User Computing (end user development/computing, microcomputer use, personal computer use, information center)  Cognitive style

Economics and Strategy  Interorganizational Information Systems (Interorganizational information systems, electronic market EDI customer oriented strategic systems, ATM networks)  IS, Strategic Management, & Business Outcomes (strategic use of IT, strategic IT investment, IS planning, IS and business strategy, IS and firm performance, Impact of IT on firm strategy, strategic alignment of IT and business, environmental factors and IS planning)  IS Economics and Value of IS (information system expenditures, macroeconomic impacts, microeconomic impacts, pricing of computers/ computer components, demand for computing, pricing an capacity decisions, IS scale economies, impact of IT on productivity, IT investment)  IS Management (sourcing, strategies, managing personnel, IS careers)  Global IS (issues, alliances, cultural differences, legal issues)

Information and Interface  Information & Managerial Decision Making (information search/search strategies, individual information processing, cognitive skills/maps/style/feedback, scanning, organizational communication channels, information needs, managerial data use, information diversity/overload/accuracy/timeliness)

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 Information Economics (information structures, requirements for information, value of information, decision information costs, production of information, information performance of market channels)  Human-Computer Interaction (user interface, graphical representation/information, mode/format of presentation, human-computer cooperative interchange protocols, visual ability, recall, reading comprehension, feedback)

IS Infrastructure  Education, curriculum, professionalization, accreditation  Publications: journals, books, conference proceedings  Conferences (ICIS, AMCIS, ECIS, PACIS, ACIS, IRIS, HICSS, etc.)  Institutions (ACM, AIS, IFIP, TIMS, SIM, etc.)  IS Research Centers (MISRC, CISR, etc.)

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