AUDITKIT97 4Seismic Seismic Audit Questionnaire Rev.A

AUDITKIT97 4seismic.doc Seismic Audit Questionnaire Rev.A Table of contents

Seismic HSE Audit - Base Questionnaire Contents Page Introduction 1 Reference documentation 2 Industry standards 2 Shell Group Guidelines ("Yellow Books") : 3 Other Group Guidelines : 4 Shell EP Guidelines : 4 4.1 HEALTH 5 4.1.1 Health Risk Assessment (HRA) 6 4.1.2 Risk control measures 7 4.1.3 Medical checks 10 4.1.4 Medical records 10 4.1.5 Health promotion 11 4.1.6 Medevac response 11 4.2 Environmental effects and control 14 4.2.1 Environmental Assessment (EA) process 14 4.2.2 Seismic land operations effects and controls 15 4.2.3 Waste management 17 4.2.4 Spill control 17 4.2.5 Marine operations effects and control 18 4.2.6 Impact of operations on local communities 19 4.3 Land operations base camps 22 4.3.1 Camp access and lay out 23 4.3.2 Kitchen 24 4.3.3 Electrical systems 24 4.3.4 Workshop 25 4.3.5 Fuel handling 26 4.4 Security 28 4.5 Transport in land operations 30 4.5.1 Scope and resources 31 4.5.2 Safety features and equipment 32 4.5.3 Maintenance 34 4.5.4 Personnel selection, training and control 36 4.5.5 Journey management and procedures 37 4.5.6 Operating procedures 38 4.6 Emergency equipment 40 4.6.1 Communications 40 4.6.2 Firefighting 41 4.6.3 Maritime emergencies 43

i AUDITKIT97 4seismic.doc Seismic Audit Questionnaire Rev.A Table of contents

4.7 Seismic line operations (land) 44 4.7.1 General seismic line safety 45 4.7.2 Surveying and line cutting 47 4.7.3 Drilling 53 4.7.4 Recording 55 4.8 Explosives storage and handling 56 4.8.1 Storage 56 4.8.2 Record keeping, distribution and handling 58 4.8.3 Transport to field 58 4.8.4 In field storage, distribution, handling 59 4.8.5 Shot hole loading 60 4.8.6 Shooting 61 4.8.7 Misfires 62 4.9 Marine vessels 64 4.9.1 General 65 4.9.2 Vessel maintenance 66 4.9.3 Uncontrolled hazards and housekeeping 66 4.9.4 Chase vessel 67 4.9.5 Firefighting 68 4.9.6 Life saving equipment and procedures 68 4.9.6 Shore based logistics 70 4.10 Marine seismic operations 72 4.10.1 Use of small boats 73 4.10.2 Back-deck operations 74

Attachments:

1. List of abbreviations

ii AUDITKIT97 4seismic.doc Seismic Audit Questionnaire Rev.A Page 1

INTRODUCTION The questionnaire is intended to assist auditors by illustrating the potential scope to be covered in the auditing process. The questionnaire is not intended as a script for the audit process and interviews, nor is it intended that each and every question should be used. It suggests generic lines of enquiry and requires to be tailored down to suit the terms of reference for the specific organisation, activity or facility to be audited.

The questions are grouped such that they cover distinct topics applicable within the context of each chapter with an element of prioritisation i.e. high level questions are given first where possible. Within each group of questions covering a distinct topic, there are a number of indented subsidiary questions as follows:

The main question · A subsidiary question of the main question - A subsidiary question of above.

If a main question is a dead end it does not automatically follow that subsidiary questions are dead ends as well.

The questionnaires of each chapter are preceded with an overview of the documentation which should typically be available to audit the topic to its full extent.

In preparing for auditing the specific topic and developing the structure for conducting audit interviews with selected staff, the auditor should:

· Review the section of the questionnaire to obtain an overview of relevance within the context of the topic audited. · Select the areas most relevant to the person he is going to interview. · Identify the most important questions to ask whilst realising the appropriateness in the context of relative organisational level of the interviewee. · Convert generic questions to questions which are specific to the facility or activity audited. · Add other questions which are not given in the questionnaire .

'HSE' in questionnaires means 'Health, Safety and Environment', not just 'Safety': the auditor should make sure that all 3 fields are adequately covered

The questionnaire is available in Word for Window format on IBM-PC 5.25" or 3.25" diskette.

Audit questions are aligned to EP-95000 Volume 1-3 and to SHSEC publications. Volume 1 questions (HSE Management System) are common to all audits.

1 AUDITKIT97 4seismic.doc Seismic Audit Questionnaire Rev.A Page 2

REFERENCE DOCUMENTATION

Industry standards

¡ IAGC, 1991 : Land Geophysical Operations Safety Manual (seventh edition).

¡ IAGC, 1991 : Marine Geophysical Operations Safety Manual (seventh edition).

¡ IAGC, 1994 : Environmental Guidelines for World-wide Geophysical Operations

¡ E & P Forum, 1991 : Oil Industry Operating Guidelines for Tropical Rain forests. Report 2.49/170, April 1991.

¡ E & P Forum, 1991 : Substance abuse Management Strategies. Report 6.23/173, July 1991.

¡ E & P Forum, 1993 : Safety Training Guidelines for Geophysical Personnel. Report 6.27/183, January 1993.

¡ E & P Forum, 1993 : Guidelines on Permit To Work (PTW) systems. Report 6.29/189, January 1993.

¡ E & P Forum, 1993 : Health Management Guidelines for Remote Land based Geophysical Operations.. Report 6.30/190, April 1993

¡ E & P Forum, 1993 : Aircraft Management Guide. Report 6.31/191, 1993.

¡ E & P Forum, 1993 : Exploration and Production (E & P) Waste Management Guidelines. Report 2.58/196, September 1993.

¡ E & P Forum, 1994 : Health, Safety and Environmental Schedules for Marine Geophysical operations. Report 6.34/206, July 1994.

¡ E & P Forum, 1994 : Guidelines for the development and application of HSE Management Systems.. Report 6.36/210, July 1994

¡ E & P Forum, 1994 : Generic Hazards Register for Geophysical Operations. Report 6.40/217, December 1994.

¡ E & P Forum, 1995 : Health, Safety and Environmental Schedules for Land Geophysical operations. Report 6.35/207, June 1995.

¡ E & P Forum, 1995 : Guidelines on the use of small boats in Marine Geophysical Operations. Report 6.42/220, July, 1995.

¡ E & P Forum, 1995 : Standards for local Medical Support. Report 6.44/222, May, 1995.

¡ E & P Forum, 1995 : Health Assessment of Fitness to Work in the E&P Industry. Report 6.46/228.

¡ IUCN/E & P Forum, 1993 : Oil and Gas Exploration and Production in Arctic and Sub Arctic Regions, Guidelines for Environmental Protection. Report 2.55/185.

¡ IUCN/E & P Forum, 1993 : Oil and Gas Exploration and Production in mangrove areas, Guidelines for Environmental Protection. Report 2.54/184.

¡ IMO, 1992 : SOLAS Consolidated Edition 1992.

¡ IMO, 1988 : International Medical Guide for Ships, Second Edition.

¡ IMO, 1978 : Marpol Annex IV Regulations for the prevention of pollution by sewage from ships.

¡ IEE, 1990 : IEE Regulations, Sixteenth Edition

¡ BSI (British Standards Institution), 1985 : Protection of structures against lightning. British Standard code of practice BS 6651.

¡ NFPA 10 : Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers.

¡ IME (Institute of Makers of Explosives) Safety Library Publications.

Shell Group Guidelines ("Yellow Books") :

¡ SHSEC, 1985 : Enhanced Safety Management

¡ SHSEC, 1989 : Enhanced Safety Management checklist

¡ SHSEC, 1992 : Guide for Safety Performance Reporting

¡ SHSEC, 1989 : Occupational Health Management Guidelines

¡ SHSEC, 1994 : Health Risk Assessment

¡ SHSEC, 1993 : Guide for Health Performance Reporting

¡ SHSEC, 1993 : Incident Analysis and Investigation guide

¡ SHSEC, 1991 : Management Guidelines for Hearing Conservation

¡ SHSEC, 1991 : Noise Guide

¡ SHSEC, 1995 : Chemical Hazards: Health Risk Assessment and Exposure Evaluation

¡ SHSEC, 1991 : Management Guide to Thermal Stress

¡ SHSEC, 1995 : Health Guidelines for Catering

¡ SHSEC, 1989 : Personal Protective Equipment Guide

¡ SHSEC, 1994 : Medical Emergency Guidelines for Management

¡ SHSEC, 1986 : Electrical Safety

¡ SHSEC, 1987 : Contractor Safety

¡ SHSEC, 1987 : Unsafe Act Auditing

¡ SHSEC, 1987 : Office safety

¡ SHSEC, 1987 : Road Safety Management

¡ SHSEC, 1995 : Protection of passengers after Helicopter Ditching. (Revision)

¡ SHSEC, 1995 : Road Transport Safety Management System Guidelines

¡ SHSEC, 1989 : Seat Belts.

¡ SHSEC, 1991 : Incident Potential Matrix.

¡ SHSEC, 1991 : Road Safety Strategies.

¡ SHSEC, 1991 : Diving Operations Management Guidelines

¡ SHSEC, 1992 : Guidelines for entry into Confined Spaces.

¡ SHSEC, 1992 : Guidelines for the use of small marine craft by Group Companies.

¡ SHSEC, 1993 : Ionising Radiation Safety Guide

¡ SHSEC, 1992 : Environmental Management Guidelines.

¡ SHSEC, 1988 : Environmental Impact Assessment Guide

¡ SHSEC, 1989 : Waste Management Guide

¡ SHSEC, 1994 : Recommendations for alternatives to firefighting Halons.

Other Group Guidelines :

¡ Drugs and Alcohol Abuse Employment Guidelines, issued by SIPC HRAL/4 (December 1993)

¡ AIDS Employment Guidelines, issued by SIPC HRAL/4 (December 1993)

¡ Smoking and Passive Smoking at Work, issued by SIPM HSE and SIPC HR (July 1995)

¡ Malaria Prophylaxis and Immunisation Requirements for International Travel, issued every 6 months by Shell International Health Services London/The Hague

¡ Medical Emergency Guidelines for health care professionals and first-aiders. Report HSE 94-023

¡ SAL (Shell Aircraft Limited) 1995 : Aircraft Management Guide

Shell EP Guidelines :

¡ SIPM, 1995 : The EP Business Model, version 3 . Report EP95-7000.

¡ SIPM, 1990 : Geological field work. Safety planning. Report EP90-2790.

¡ SIPM, 1994 : Controlling drug and alcohol abuse in Seismic Operations. Report EP94- 1475.

¡ SIPM, 1992: Guidelines for Health, Safety and Environmental planning in a new Venture. Report EP88-2415 Rev 2 (March 1992).

¡ SIPM, 1994 : New ventures Guidebook. Report EP94-0590.

¡ SIPM, 1993 : EP Guideline on Audits and Reviews. Report EP93-1600.

¡ SIPM, 1994 : Civil Engineering Guidelines for the construction of drilling locations in single string ventures. Report EP94-1401

¡ SIPM, 1995 : Underwater Handbook, Volume 1 and Volume 2. Report EP94-1700.

¡ DEP 33.64.10-Gen. : Electrical engineering Guidelines Appendix 5 Temporary installations.

¡ EP95-0200 HSE Manual for Survey Operations

¡ EP95-0270 : General Workplace Practices

¡ EP95-0330 : Drinking Water Guidelines

4.1 HEALTH

Reference documentation ¡ E & P Forum, 1991 : Substance abuse Management Strategies. Report 6.23/173, July 1991.

¡ E & P Forum, 1994 : Health, Safety and Environmental Schedules for Marine Geophysical operations. Report 6.34/206, July 1994.

¡ E & P Forum, 1994 : Guidelines for the development and application of HSE Management Systems.. Report 6.36/210, July 1994

¡ E & P Forum, 1995 : Standards for local Medical Support. Report 6.44/222, May, 1995.

¡ E & P Forum, 1995 : Health Assessment of Fitness to Work in the E&P Industry. Report 6.46/228.

¡ SHSEC, 1993 : Guide for Health Performance Reporting

¡ SHSEC, 1991 : Management Guidelines for Hearing Conservation

¡ SHSEC, 1995 : Chemical Hazards: Health Risk Assessment and Exposure Evaluation

¡ SHSEC, 1995 : Health Guidelines for Catering

¡ SHSEC, 1995 : Protection of passengers after Helicopter Ditching. (Revision)

¡ SHSEC, 1995 : Road Transport Safety Management System Guidelines

¡ SHSEC, 1991 : Diving Operations Management Guidelines

¡ Drugs and Alcohol Abuse Employment Guidelines, issued by SIPC HRAL/4 (December 1993)

¡ AIDS Employment Guidelines, issued by SIPC HRAL/4 (December 1993)

¡ Smoking and Passive Smoking at Work, issued by SIPM HSE and SIPC HR (July 1995)

¡ Malaria Prophylaxis and Immunisation Requirements for International Travel, issued every 6 months by Shell International Health Services London/The Hague

¡ EP95-0270 : General Workplace Practices

¡ EP95-0330 : Drinking Water Guidelines

4.1.1 Health Risk Assessment (HRA)

Is there a formal procedure to identify, assess and report health hazards? · Have all relevant health hazards (workplace, living environment) been identified and assessed? · Are hazardous chemicals, including carcinogens, mutagens and chemicals toxic to reproduction, identified? - is there a monitoring programme for these compounds?

Has there been a SIEP medical pre start-up review? · Have SIEP Health Advisers been involved in hazard identification?

Is an Environmental Assessment been conducted? · Has community health been addressed in the EA?

Is health covered adequately by the HSE Case?

Is there an Opco/Contractor Medical Adviser (MA)? · Has the Opco MA/Contractor MA an adequate job description? - is advice on occupational health aspects defined within the scope of the job? · Has the Opco MA/Contractor MA received tasks and targets? · Is the Opco MA/Contractor MA familiar with the SIEP and other Group Health Guidelines and Standards? · Has the Opco MA/Contractor MA been trained in Occupational Health? · Do Opco and Contractor MAs communicate on a regular basis? · Do MAs enjoy good access to management?

Has the Opco MA been involved in seismic operations planning and monitoring?

Is there a Contractor Corporate MA? · Is there a Contractor Country MA?

Is there a programme in place for identification, assessment and control of health hazards associated with the living environment? · Does it cover, amongst others: - pest control?

- potable water supply? - camp and food hygiene? · Who is responsible for this programme?

4.1.2 Risk control measures

Is the responsibility and role of line staff for health risk control adequately documented and understood?

Is there a doctor or medic on the crew/vessel? · Does the doctor communicate regularly and well with crew/vessel management?

Have qualifications of medical personnel been adequately checked?

Are trained and qualified first-aid personnel on camp (base and fly)?

Do medical personnel visit field locations frequently (check specific dates of visits)? · Do medical personnel document their findings in writing when they visit the field locations?

Is there a dedicated medical facility at the crew/vessel (sick bay, clinic, etc.) · Is the clinic well located, clean and well kept? · Are drugs/medication adequate, are they secure and checked regularly, is their issue properly recorded? - are any medicines out of date? - is there a list of medicines? - does it allow checks of limit dates?

Malaria

Is malaria endemic to the survey area?

Are there anti-malaria control procedures? · Do they include: - recommended prophylaxis available and used? - recommended breakthrough drugs available? - checks maintained on mosquito nets? - fogging machine used regularly, PPE for operator (check for adequate supply of fog concentrate and safe handling procedures and storage e.g. masks/gloves)? - residual spray used on walls (check for adequate supply of residual spray and safe handling procedures and storage e.g. masks/gloves)? - control of mosquito breeding/water collection areas?

Have Governmental authorities been involved in definition and implementation of the anti malaria programme?

Water contamination

Is the normal water supply drinkable? · Is there a drinking water filtration system? · How often are tests carried out on drinking water? · Are samples taken at the point of use?

Is the drinking water supply sufficiently separated from sewage disposal facilities?

Do the crew members in the field have a good supply of drinking water?

Food contamination

Are there adequate facilities and procedures in the kitchens/mess? · Do these include: - efficient fly screens at all entries? - insect-o-cuters operational? - replacement UV tubes for above? - antiseptic soap available (Izalor or equivalent)? - hard nail brushes available? - cook/helpers personal hygiene checks (clothing, nails, hands, infections, diseases)? - food in preparation covered with muslin? - work tops cleaned with Dettol or equivalent? - grease traps inspected/clean? - garbage bins with lids, emptied/cleaned? - fridges/freezers cleaned? - drinking water boiled before use? - ice from sterilised water? · Is the kitchen well ventilated?

Is food storage (dry, frozen, etc.) appropriately organised (tidy, expiry dates visible, FIFO rotation system)? · Are food stores appropriately protected against animal entry (rodents, insects, etc.)? · Is there appropriate segregation of incompatible food items? · Are freezers equipped with temperature monitoring devices? - is there a system to detect and record abnormally high freezer temperatures?

Are garbage pits dug, food burnt and buried?

Are labour sleeping areas free of scrap food?

Are toilet/latrines adequate/clean/disinfected?

Is the kitchen free of food storage?

· Does food preparation follow a one way system, in which cooked food is never put on a surface where uncooked food is cleaned or prepared?

Is there a procedure for medical checks of food handlers (e.g. following infectious diseases)?

In the kitchen and food storage areas, are there any flies or signs of rodents?

Musculo-skeletal problems

Are heavy loads carried in any part of the operation? · Is a system in place to limit individual loads? · Has manual handling training been carried out?

Are chairs, etc. adequate in offices, cable workshops, etc.?

Allergies

Is there exposure to allergenic substances (cable oil, paint, tree sap, etc.)? · Have procedures been developed to control these?

Contagious diseases

Are there endemic diseases in the survey area (including STD)?

Is the local population sufficiently immune to diseases likely to be carried by seismic crew workers? · Have measures been taken to control them, or exposure to them? · Are sexual contacts of the workers with the local population under control ? - are condoms easily available?

Are there rules prohibiting the keeping of pets at the crew?

Is there any area with high noise exposure? · Are these areas identified with sign posts? · Has exposure to noise been assessed by measuring noise dose?

Are hearing tests carried out for staff exposed to high noise levels (including pre- employment)?

Are suitable ear defenders provided and worn in high noise areas, in accordance with the Hearing Conservation Guidelines?

Other health hazards

Is there a system to include observed health incidents in the risk assessment?

Are health incidents (including occupational illnesses) reported and investigated?

4.1.3 Medical checks

Are employees medically checked before hiring in accordance with Industry standards and based upon the identified health risks through Health Risk Assessment? · Is the contents of the checks adapted to the jobs to be performed (food handlers, drivers, etc.)? · Is the contents of the pre-employment and periodic checks adapted to the identified health risks?

Is there a system of health surveillance (periodic check-ups) for permanent employees? · Are the content and frequency of health surveillance determined by the identified health risks?

4.1.4 Medical records

Is there prompt reporting of illness?

Are records kept of reportable occupational illnesses in line with Group Guidelines? · Are proper medical records kept at the crew/vessel? - are the records comprehensive? · Is there a system to follow up individual records? · Are medical records kept for permanent employees?

Are alcohol and/or drugs tests carried out in accordance with Group Guidelines? · Is there evidence of alcohol or drug abuse?

Is there prompt attention to infection (including minor scratches)?

Is there any analysis of the incidence of disease? · Are statistics compiled? · Are statistics used for trend analysis? · Are records reviewed by medical personnel and management for trends?

Is there evidence of diseases that have not been identified so far?

4.1.5 Health promotion

Are new crew members briefed on: · Local health hazards, e.g. sunburn, dehydration, poisonous plants, snakes? · The need to protect local populations from diseases they might be carrying?

Is there a campaign of health promotion (posters, lectures, etc.)?

4.1.6 Medevac response

Reference documentation ¡ SHSEC, 1994 : Medical Emergency Guidelines for Management

Tier 1 (first-aid on site of emergency)

First-aiders: · Is there a qualified first-aider available within four minutes for every worker, including isolated work units? - are further first-aiders (level 2, reinforced) available within twenty minutes of every worker in the field? · Have first-aiders had appropriate initial and refresher training? · Are first-aiders: - capable of demonstrating the basics of CPR? - capable of demonstrating bleeding control (pressure points)? - equipped with appropriate first-aid boxes/kits?

First-aid kits: · Is the contents and distribution of first-aid kits adequate? - are oral ingestion items segregated from other material? - are any items out of date? - is a list of contents included in the kits? · Are first-aid kits: - clean? - sealed? - complete? - regularly checked (are checks documented)? · Is there a system to replenish kits after use?

Call out scheme: · Is the first call out procedure written? - is the call out procedure available in isolated work units? · Do all personnel know the correct actions in case of injury? · Can first-aiders readily communicate with other medical personnel?

Tier 2 (patient stabilisation)

Human resources: · Is there a qualified (level 4) doctor or medic available within one hour of any work site? - is this doctor or medic trained in traumatology?

- has this medic access to appropriate resources to stabilise a patient (IV drip equipment, oxygen, etc.)? · Can the medic/doctor be contacted at all times?

Physical resources: · Are adequate resources available to transport a casualty? - are stretchers available and what type of stretchers are there (inflatable, canvas, makeshift, etc.)? · Is there an ambulance and is it equipped with adequate equipment (e.g. oxygen, drip equipment, trauma bag, etc.)? · Is there oxygen equipment? · Is there stitching equipment? · Is there a trauma bag?

Medevac plan and drills · Is there a written Medevac plan? - is the Medevac plan known to the relevant personnel (medic, shift leaders, line foremen, etc.)? · Is the Medevac procedure activated at least once per month? - involuntarily (incidents) - or deliberately (drills)? · Is there a complete set of reports of Medevac events (incidents, drills)? - are these reports detailed and comprehensive? · Is the response time satisfactory?

Tier 3 & 4 (evacuation hospital)

Local hospital (Tier 3): · Can a casualty be transported to a fully equipped hospital within four hours of injury? - has this facility been assessed by the Opco Medical Adviser? - is access to the facility guaranteed at all times? - are access procedures included in the Medevac Plan and known to relevant personnel? · Is the facility fully satisfactory? · Has access time been tested in a drill or real emergency?

World class hospital (Tier 4) · Is there a system to further evacuate casualties to a world class facility? - is this system described in the Medevac Plan? - is it known by the relevant staff? - has it been rehearsed or activated? - have the relevant communications been tested?

4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS AND CONTROL

Reference documentation ¡ IAGC, 1994 : Environmental Guidelines for World-wide Geophysical Operations

¡ E & P Forum, 1991a : Oil Industry Operating Guidelines for Tropical Rain forests. Report 2.49/170, April 1991.

¡ E & P Forum, 1993e : Exploration and Production (E & P) Waste Management Guidelines. Report 2.58/196, September 1993.

¡ E & P Forum, 1994a : Health, Safety and Environmental Schedules for Marine Geophysical operations. Report 6.34/206, July 1994.

¡ E & P Forum, 1995a : Health, Safety and Environmental Schedules for Land Geophysical operations. Report 6.35/207, June 1995.

¡ IUCN/E & P Forum, 1993b : Oil and Gas Exploration and Production in Arctic and Sub Arctic Regions, Guidelines for Environmental Protection. Report 2.55/185.

¡ IUCN/E & P Forum, 1993a : Oil and Gas Exploration and Production in mangrove areas, Guidelines for Environmental Protection. Report 2.54/184.

¡ SHSEC, 1992 : Environmental Management Guidelines.

4.2.1 Environmental Assessment (EA) process

Reference documentation ¡ SHSEC, 1992 : Environmental Management Guidelines.

Effect identification and assessment

Is there a formal Environmental Assessment (EA) process in place for seismic operations? · Is it appropriately documented by a EA document? · Is the description of the ecosystem comprehensive in the EA? · Does the EA cover the social environment? · Is the description of the operation correct in the EA? - are the operation's effects properly inventoried?

Are adequate environmental monitoring procedures defined?

Are impact control, mitigation and recovery measures defined? · Have the survey parameters been adapted to mitigate the environmental effect of the survey?

Are environmental effects included in the HSE Case for the survey? · Are the effects described in the HSE Case compatible with the EA document?

Control of environmental effects

Are the mitigation and recovery measures defined in the EA document realistic?

Is there a reference in the seismic contract to the EA and its mitigation and recovery measures? · Have mitigation and recovery measures been communicated to the Contractor?

4.2.2 Seismic land operations effects and controls

Reference documentation ¡ IAGC, 1991a : Land Geophysical Operations Safety Manual (seventh edition).

General

Are labour on lines instructed to stay within permitted areas? · Is discipline well kept in staying within permitted areas?

Is all rubbish collected from seismic lines?

Is there a clear waste segregation scheme?

Line opening

Have standards of line opening been defined (e.g. line width, size of vegetation, type of vegetation,...)? · Are line opening standards well understood by the survey teams? · Is the line width standard enforced? · Are line accesses "dog-legged"?

Are chain saws actively avoided?

Is the use of bulldozers or other grading equipment actively avoided?

Is there evidence of good judgement applied to minimise cutting of authorised trees? · Are all trees cut smaller than the authorised diameter?

Are ladders or other devices used to avoid cutting fences for access?

Transport

Is there a speed limit for boats to avoid river bank erosion and when passing third party small craft?

Are only existing tracks used for line access?

Is off road driving subject to clear restrictive rules?

Have steps been taken to minimise soil compaction? · By people? · By vehicles?

Are vibrators used on soft ground?

Drilling

Are control measures in place to avoid interfering with aquifers? · Is the depth and significance of the aquifers known? · Has the drilling depth been adjusted to avoid interfering with aquifers? · Is there a system to plug shot holes to prevent aquifer communication or artesian flow?

Reinstatement

Is there a plan: · To reinstate seismic lines to their original condition or to a position of self recovery? - is there a system to fill shot holes after shooting? · Is there a plan to reinstate camp sites? · Is there a plan to re vegetate the areas affected by the operations? · Is there a plan to verify natural recovery of reinstated sites?

4.2.3 Waste management

¡ IAGC, 1991b : Marine Geophysical Operations Safety Manual (seventh edition).

Audit questions

Is there a waste segregation scheme · Is the segregation scheme documented in writing? - does the segregation scheme conform to the IAGC or SIPM recommendations? · Do segregation practices conform to the intended and documented scheme? - is there adequate control of the fate of all waste categories? - is hazardous waste disposed of at acceptable locations?

Is the crew HSE adviser trained and competent in waste management, and other E matters?

Is there a system to quantify the waste? · Is all data about waste centralised in a single place? · Is a summary produced (waste inventory), to include all waste streams and the quantities produced?

Is there a programme in place to reduce the amount of waste produced?

4.2.4 Spill control

Audit questions

Is engine oil collected? · Are all engines equipped with drip trays?

Are fuel and lubricant storage Arrangements adequate? · Are areas made impervious by concrete slabs or plastic sheets? · Are all fuel storage areas surrounded by containment walls (bund walls)? · Are fuel bladders surrounded by a containment trench? - Can the containment trench around bladders hold the total capacity of the bladder?

Has a procedure been defined to specify where and how fuelling is allowed?

Is there a system to recover spilled lubes/fuel (e.g. absorbent material, pumps)? · Are spills reported?

Is there strictly no evidence of spills?

4.2.5 Marine operations effects and control Reference documentation

Audit questions

Are Marpol regulations adhered to?

Has a consultation process with local fishermen taken place?

Is there a communication process with local environmental groups?

Are chemicals used on board screened for environmental acceptability?

Is access to sensitive areas subject to proper controls?

Is the impact of airguns within acceptable limits in the survey area?

4.2.6 Impact of operations on local communities

Reference documentation ¡ IAGC, 1994 : Environmental Guidelines for World-wide Geophysical Operations

Social and cultural impact

Is the survey operation marginal in the context of the local economy? · Is it free of interference with local activities (agriculture, fisheries, etc.)?

How are conflicts between workforce and local communities managed? · Does it provide local employment? · Is the impact of the imported work force identified and controlled? · Is there no cultural conflict between the workforce and the local communities?

Is the operation avoiding competition with local communities in the use of scarce local resources (food, water, electricity, etc.)? · Have food purchases been organised to avoid interference with local food supplies and prices?

Are archaeological or other sensitive sites present in the survey area known? · Have steps been taken to avoid damage to archaeological sites? · Are steps taken to identify and avoid sacred and cultural sites?

Have all indigenous groups been identified? · Have measures been taken to minimise intrusion into indigenous areas - and clearly communicate presence of the work force?

Is there a procedure to ensure respect of local culture, rights and award of appropriate compensation?

Community relations

Is there a good history of oil companies-community relations in the area? · Is there a good history of damage payments for past survey operations? - is there an agreed programme of damage compensation/ · Is there general acceptance of the oil industry?

Have information meetings been organised? · With the authorities in advance of the survey? · Have the local communities been informed of the survey in advance?

Is there good contact between the authorities and the communities?

· Can the local population easily voice their concerns with Government authorities and community leaders? · Can the Government be considered to accurately represent the people? · Are there adequate channels to feed back the concerns of the local population to the Government?

Do people feel free to contact the survey contractor's office? · Is there an "Open Door policy" whereby legitimately interested parties get information about the survey? · Is there a system to receive local people complaints in a friendly and organised way? - is there a system to record these complaints? - is follow up formalised? - is a management summary of the complaints compiled?

Is there a programme in place for community projects?

Damage claims and assessments

Is there a dedicated permitting organisation? · Is it adequately staffed? · Is staff adequately trained and experienced in their jobs?

Is there a formal system of compensation rates? · Have compensation rates been agreed with the local communities? · Have compensation rates been agreed with the Government authorities? · Are compensation rates fair by international standards? - Are compensation rates fit for the local situation? - How many lost crops do compensation rates correspond to?

Are formal inventories made of every property affected by the survey operations? · Can landowners be easily and unambiguously identified? - is every landowners' permission obtained in writing prior to starting operations? - Is there a system to take special owners' requirements into account? · Are landowners requirements documented?

Do seismic line crews (survey, drilling, cable laying, etc.) receive appropriate instructions as to general or specific landowners' requirements (crops to avoid, etc.)? · Is there a dedicated permit man to accompany field crews and solve problems? · Has line personnel been given training in community relations?

Are damages assessed in a fair way, in the presence of the interested parties? · Are the assessments recorded in writing?

Are damages paid promptly after assessment? · Is there assurance that settlements are effectively received by their intended recipients?

· Are landowners required to sign a formal release after settlement? - has the release form been cleared with the Opco lawyers and the interested parties (Government authorities, community leaders)? · Are comprehensive records kept of all damage assessment and settlement actions? - Is there a system to track the progress of damage settlements? - Is a management summary of damage payments made?

Have targets been set for the damage settlement process? · Are these targets met? - If not, is there a documented explanation for the delays?

Is there a system to document long term commitments made during the seismic survey for the benefit of subsequent operations?

4.3 LAND OPERATIONS BASE CAMPS

Reference documentation Industry standards

¡ IAGC, 1991 : Land Geophysical Operations Safety Manual (seventh edition).

¡ E & P Forum, 1993 : Guidelines on Permit To Work (PTW) systems. Report 6.29/189, January 1993.

¡ E & P Forum, 1993 : Aircraft Management Guide. Report 6.31/191, 1993.

¡ E & P Forum, 1993 : Exploration and Production (E & P) Waste Management Guidelines. Report 2.58/196, September 1993.

¡ NFPA 10 : Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers. Shell Group Guidelines ("Yellow Books") :

¡ SHSEC, 1991 : Management Guidelines for Hearing Conservation (

4.3.1 Camp access and lay out

Is the base camp easily accessible? · Is the sign posting adequate? · Is incoming and outgoing traffic adequately controlled?

Is the camp area free from natural hazards (floods, landslides, etc.)?

Has the land take for the camp been minimised in accordance with EA requirements?

Is the general camp appearance clean and orderly? · Are the off loading areas properly organised? · Are there appropriate warning signs for recognised hazards? · Are the buildings and other facilities in good condition? · Is the ground made impermeable (plastic sheets, concrete slabs, etc.)? · Are parking areas properly marked and organised (one way traffic)? · Are tripping hazards made visible and protected?

Have Halon extinguishers been eliminated?

Are hazards properly separated (fuel storage, explosives storage, workshops, etc.)?

Are there adequate guards on elevated platforms?

Is the camp appropriately lit at night

General muster and evacuation

Are muster points defined and appropriately marked? · Is the location of muster points known by relevant personnel? · Are muster points easily accessible from all camp locations?

Is there a procedure for a head count in an emergency?

Is there a schedule of evacuation drills? · Are evacuation drills documented in writing? - do reports mention detailed response times?

· Is response time adequate?

4.3.2 Kitchen

Have naked flames been eliminated from the kitchens?

Is there a way to quickly disconnect: · Gas bottles used for cooking? · Electrical cooking ranges?

Are adequate fire extinguishers provided?

Are fire blankets provided? · Can kitchen personnel demonstrate the correct use of fire blankets?

Are knives adequately sheathed when not in use?

Is there a first-aid kit in the kitchen?

Is kitchen waste segregated (see 4.2)?

4.3.3 Electrical systems

Are there wiring diagrams for all electrical installations? · Do installations conform with the written documentation? - are the earth and neutral wires always separated in the distribution network? · Are RCCBs or ELCBs installed on all sections?

Is the nameplate information on the type of equipment compatible with the equipment records?

Is the type of enclosure protection adequate for the duty, in particular for outdoor equipment (refer to DEP 33.64.10)?

Is the electrical protection setting correct for the rating? · Is the maximum load/ammeter reading within the design parameters of the equipment?

Have all modifications been properly authorised?

Are seals and gaskets satisfactory?

Are bolts and glands complete and tight?

Are above-ground sections of cables in good condition(no damage)?

Is there adequate protection of equipment and cables against corrosion, the weather, vibration and other adverse factors?

Is the earthing in good condition (not corroded, greased, tight)?

· Has the earth resistance been checked and documented?

Are all padlock facilities correct?

Are firefighting instructions, danger signs displayed around generator/switch gear area? · Are there first-aid/electric shock treatment instructions?

Are there schematic/single line diagrams of switchboards?

Is there a log book for the generators indicating running hours, load, maintenance work carried out, etc.?

Are suitable and sufficient fire extinguishers provided (CO2)? · Have Halon extinguishers been eliminated?

Are panic bars provided on all doors from switch gear/generator rooms opening to outside and are there sufficient exits (i.e. either end)?

Are there sufficient lighting, socket outlets and are they in an acceptable condition (i.e. should be industrial not domestic fittings)?

Have insulation resistance tests been carried out on the distribution feeder cables?

Are adequate procedures for switching, isolating, earthing and working on the electrical installations in place?

Is there an authorised person(s) for switching in power systems? · Is the authorised person qualified with the proper electrical background?

Is there a Permit-To-Work system for electrical work and is it enforced? · Are caution notices available warning against interference with electrical equipment? · Is access to electrical stations restricted, are keys held by authorised personnel?

Are locks provided for locking off switch gear enclosures and who holds the keys when more than one discipline is involved?

4.3.4 Workshop

Is the workshop well laid out? · Is the workshop clean and tidy?

Hot work: · Is any hot work done in the workshop? - if so, is there a designated hot work area? - is there a Permit-To-Work system for hot work? · Is there adequate PPE for hot work (apron, eye protection, etc.)

Grinders, hand tools:

· Is grinding equipment remote from any fuel storage?

Electrical hand held tools · Are all electrical hand held tools of the double insulated construction or operating on extra low voltage (max. 50 V)? - are all electrical hand tools of double insulated construction provided with RCCBs?

Machinery and moving parts: · Are adequate guards provided for all moving parts? · Are any motor fans and couplings well clear from or guards?

Is adequate PPE provided?

Are eyewash stations provided in the appropriate places?

Cleaning of spares: · Are spares always cleaned with special, non flammable liquids? · Are adequate extinguishers provided near the spares washing facility? · Is there a system to collect old oily rags? · Is there a system to collect spent chemicals, lubes, etc.?

Jacks, lifting appliances: · Are jacks and lifting appliances marked with their SWL? · Is there a register of lifting appliances? · Are crane and forklift drivers certified?

4.3.5 Fuel handling

Are fuel handling and storage facilities appropriately designed and in good condition? · Are fuels segregated, and containers properly identified and marked? · Is fuel storage designated as a "no smoking" area and clearly marked as such? · Is fuel transfer by pumps avoided or adequately controlled? · Has vegetation been cut in the fuel storage area to prevent bush fires? · Are tanks provided with bund walls and collecting trenches? · Is the ground made impermeable (plastic sheets, concrete slabs, etc.)?

Are there adequate fire extinguishers? · Are fire extinguishers freely available?

Is there a written firefighting procedure? · Is the firefighting procedure known by the guards?

Are refuelling areas adequately defined? · Are there written refuelling procedures?

- are they known by the relevant personnel? · Is the standard of mobile refuelling identical to the fixed refuelling points?

Are spill control equipment and materials available?

4.4 SECURITY

¡ E & P Forum, 1991b : Substance abuse Management Strategies. Report 6.23/173, July 1991.

¡ E & P Forum, 1993a : Safety Training Guidelines for Geophysical Personnel. Report 6.27/183, January 1993.

¡ E & P Forum, 1994b : Guidelines for the development and application of HSE Management Systems.. Report 6.36/210, July 1994

¡ E & P Forum, 1994c : Generic Hazards Register for Geophysical Operations. Report 6.40/217, December 1994.

Security control measures

Has the security situation been formally assessed? · What is the general level of security threat in the survey area? - are the security threats known reliably and in detail? · Have contacts been established with local law enforcement authorities (police, etc.)

Is there a system to control third party access to the base camp? · Is there adequate security fencing and lighting?

Are there clear written procedures for the security guards?

Are there rules of engagement for armed guards?

Are security procedures known to the relevant personnel?

Are security guards properly screened prior to employment? · Have security guards received training for their job?

Hostility management

Is there a procedure to cope with hostilities? · Is it commensurate with the expected level of threat? · Does it emphasise gentle response and co-operation? · Does it involve the appropriate level of crew and Opco management?

4.5 TRANSPORT IN LAND OPERATIONS Throughout this section, a "Transport Unit" is defined as a land vehicle (car, truck, pick up, bus, heavy truck, buggy, special vehicle, etc.), a small to medium boat, airboat, hovercraft, fixed wing aircraft or helicopter. Questions are organised in terms of transport management, and each section subdivided into specific subsections for land, air or water transport.

¡ E & P Forum, 1993b : Guidelines on Permit To Work (PTW) systems. Report 6.29/189, January 1993.

¡ E & P Forum, 1993d : Aircraft Management Guide. Report 6.31/191, 1993.

¡ E & P Forum, 1994b : Guidelines for the development and application of HSE Management Systems.. Report 6.36/210, July 1994

¡ E & P Forum, 1995b : Guidelines on the use of small boats in Marine Geophysical Operations. Report 6.42/220, July, 1995.

¡ SHSEC, 1987 : Road Safety Management

¡ SHSEC, 1989 : Protection of passengers after Helicopter Ditching.

¡ SHSEC, 1989 : Seat Belts.

¡ SHSEC, 1991 : Road Safety Strategies.

¡ SHSEC, 1991 : Diving Operations management Guidelines

4.5.1 Scope and resources

How many transport units are operated by the crew? · What are the transport units used for?

· Are all transport units (including subcontractors) subject to the same management system?

Are transport units fit for their intended purpose? · Was fitness for purpose assessed as part of a structured process?

Are there enough transport units to perform the job? · Is there spare capacity to replace defective units if required?

Land transport

Are there designated parking areas?

Are camp access tracks and roads suitable for driving?

Are all new roads and accesses designed to minimise land take in accordance with the EA?

Are all vehicles diesel powered?

Water transport

Are there appropriate jetties, pontoons, for safe embarkation of personnel?

Are boats kept in a sheltered area at night?

Is visibility adequate from pilot normal seated position, with all passengers seated?

Does fully loaded boat have sufficient buoyancy to remain afloat when swamped?

Air transport

Are Shell and Shell Contractor staff only using twin engine helicopters and fixed wing aircraft?

Has Shell Aircraft Limited (SAL) carried out an audit of aircraft operations? · If so when and have their recommendations been: - documented - implemented?

Airstrips

Is the landing strip of adequate design? · Is the length of landing strip sufficient for fully laden aircraft? · Has the airstrip a free approach slope in accordance with SAL guidance? · Will the landing area be affected by flooding?

Is the landing area controlled with respect to environmental damage and erosion?

Is the local security situation acceptable in terms of access to aircraft?

Are the fuel and explosives dumps located away the airstrip as far as possible?

Helipads

Are there standard approved designs for helipads and sling pads? · Is the helipad and sling pad constructed conform the approved design? · Does the design guarantee natural recovery? - is there a system to monitor recovery? · Are there approved cleared areas for the flight path on to the helipad?

Are helipads checked by the Chief Pilot prior to first use? · Are these checks repeated at regular intervals?

Are jungle helipads limited to 3 months use?

Are all fly camps set up well within the tree line?

Are helipads located with minimum environmental impact in mind?

4.5.2 Safety features and equipment

Land vehicles

Are there road flares or reflectors? · Are they in proper condition for emergency use?.

Is there a fire extinguisher inside each vehicle? · Is it properly rated for the particular vehicle? · Is it full, inspected and clean? · Is it mounted in an accessible and protected location?

Is there a first-aid kit? · Is it complete? · Is it readily accessible?

Are fuel containers of the proper kind? · Clearly lettered showing contents? - is a "No Smoking" sign plainly visible?

Is a reversing alarm fitted? · Plainly audible and non confusing? · Functioning properly?

Are seat belts installed and fully operational (preferably self-adjusting inertia type) for all seats, front and rear? · Are all passengers seated and wearing seat belts when the vehicle is moving?

Are all vehicles equipped with roll bars and metal roof?

Do all personnel vehicles have rigidly mounted seats (i.e. no standing passengers) and high sides all round?

Is all installed equipment adequately functioning? · Is the speedometer working? · Is the speed limitation device, if installed, working? · Is the tachograph, if installed, working? · Is there a radio in the vehicle? · Are rear view mirrors adequate and properly adjusted? · Are windshield wipers and washers in good operating condition? · Is the horn loud enough? · Do the heater and defroster work properly? · Cargo securing equipment (nets, straps, etc.)?

Are there adequate and clear markings on every vehicle for: · The correct tyre pressure ? · Is the maximum allowable speed? · The maximum number of personnel permitted in the vehicle?

Is there a system to protect personnel from spraying of hot hydraulic fluid in case of rupture?

Are all boats equipped with: · anchors? · Mooring ropes - are they in good condition (free of frays, kinks, knots, not degraded from UV sunlight)? · Life-jackets/buoyancy aids for maximum number boat is licensed to carry? · Adequate first-aid kit? · Fire extinguisher (serviced and fully charged)? · Oars and/or paddles? · Life buoys and Danbuoys (batteries in lights) with painters? - does the rope supplied with the life buoys float? · Bailer? · Grab ropes around the boat?

Outboard motors: · Are all outboard motors chained to the hull? · Is all fuel placed in approved containers? · Is there a dead mans handle or circuit breaker cut-out provided for the outboard motors?

· Does the operator have a proper starting cord (in the absence of the preferable self rewinding starter)?

Are all loads secured and necessary rope, nets and eyes to attach them provided?

Aircraft

Do all aircraft carry survival packs in addition to the mandatory aircraft equipment?

Is ground personnel supplied with necessary personal safety equipment? · Doe this include: - safety helmet (with chin strap). - ear defenders or plugs. - eye protection. - coveralls. - safety shoes.

Is there a quick release mechanism for the slung loads. · How regularly is it checked?

Is there a load cell for monitoring slung loads?

Is there a bulkhead or webbing net, capable of restraining cargo, to separate cargo from passengers?

Are all aircraft equipped with non directional beacons (NDB)? · Are NDBs tuned and fully operational?

4.5.3 Maintenance

Vehicle maintenance

Do drivers check their vehicle every morning? · Is this check recorded in writing (checklist)? · Is the check sufficiently complete? · How are defects handled: - are minor defects repaired on the spot? - is there a system to follow up defects that cannot be fixed immediately? - are defective vehicles allowed to leave to the field?

Do drivers perform maintenance tasks? · If so, are they qualified to do so

Is there a system of scheduled inspection and maintenance programme for all vehicles? · Do vehicles carry a log book indicating all maintenance performed? · Is there a central record of maintenance?

· Are vehicle inspections recorded in writing?

Maintenance condition observations: · Are mud flaps present and in good condition on all highway vehicles? · Is the wiring: - properly insulated? - free of grease? - protected from motor heat? · Are solid connections firm in brackets or taped to prevent wearing? · Are braking systems properly adjusted? - is the brake fluid level correct? - are cylinders, lines grease retainers in wheels, leaking? · Are all lights working properly? - clean? - with no damaged glasses? · Are headlights properly adjusted? · Are indicators working? - also in distress mode? · Are all tyres (including the spare) properly inflated? - do drivers check their tyre pressure? - do drivers know the correct tyre pressure for their vehicle? - are drivers provided with a device to check tyre pressure? · Are the tyres in good condition (tread not worn more than 50%, free of breaks or blisters)? - are tyres unevenly worn (indicating improper front wheel alignment? · Is the steering tight? (tie-rod ends and steering knuckles) - is any steering rod bent? · Is there any doubtful hydraulic hose? · Is the fuel system in good condition? · Are the windshield and glasses in good condition? · Can windows be lowered and raised properly? · Is the exhaust system in good condition (no carbon monoxide leaks)? - can exhaust fumes enter the passenger compartment? · Are no springs broken or weak? · Are the shock absorbers in good condition? - is there strictly no evidence of leaky shock absorbers or universal joints?

Are proper tyre changing tools and equipment available? · Do drivers know how to change a tyre? · Do they have enough help to handle the spare wheel safely?

Are vehicles cleaned of trash daily?

Boat maintenance

Do drivers perform maintenance tasks?

Are all stanchion bars and railings in good condition (free of cracks, tight, not bent)?

Does every boat carry a maintenance log book?

Is there a servicing programme for hull, engines, etc.?

Does every boat carry essential spare parts and tools on board?

Aircraft maintenance See SAL audit for maintenance issues.

Are maintenance facilities (hangars, workshops) adequate for the type of maintenance carried out?

Who is responsible for checking slings, swivels, shackles and cargo nets?

4.5.4 Personnel selection, training and control

Vehicle drivers

Do all drivers have valid national driving licences?

Is driving restricted to Company tested (and licensed if applicable) drivers? · Have drivers been formally evaluated by a qualified driving instructor and passed the company driving test? · Is specific instruction/training given in defensive driving techniques? · Have drivers been trained in off road driving if applicable? · Are all drivers aware of environmental issues for the survey?

Are safe driving promotion schemes in operation?

Is there a system of alcohol checks?

Boat drivers

Is boat driving strictly restricted to recognised and qualified drivers?

Have all boat drivers been tested prior to employment?

Is there a system for licensing boat drivers?

Pilots and other air crew See SAL audit for pilot qualifications.

Is there a training and certification scheme for seismic personnel involved in air operations?

Is there a sufficient number of trained load masters available?

Does the radio operator have the appropriate R/T licence? · Are all radio operators fluent in the language spoken by all parties in the network? · Is there more than one radio operator and is one dedicated to aviation use?

Is there a trained winch operator for search and rescue operations?

4.5.5 Journey management and procedures

Journey authorisation

Is there an overall journey planning system? · Is there a formal journey authorisation procedure? - is the journey authorisation recorded in writing?

Movement monitoring and control

Is there adequate VHF/UHF communication at all times with all transport units (vehicle, aircraft, boats)?

Are all transport unit movements reported? · Is the reporting positive (at fixed time intervals)?

Is there a single centre from which all transport unit movements are monitored? · Does the control centre: - record ETA of transport units at destination? - record the number of passengers carried? - plot unit positions/locations for at-a-glance checks?

Is the movement control system fit for its intended purpose?

4.5.6 Operating procedures

Land transport procedures

Have procedures been developed for: · Specific driving conditions:

- desert driving and survival? - fog, ice, rain, wind condition driving techniques? · Pre-travel check lists - are they used? · Monitoring driver duty hours and schedules?

Are speed limits defined and observed?

Water transport procedures

Have procedures been developed for: · Boat refuelling in an approved and controlled manner - with proper equipment)? · Collection and disposal of spent lubricants? · Others?

Are the procedures being adhered to e.g.: · Are boat-to-boat transfers appropriately restricted/controlled? · Is overboard discharge prohibited? · Is smoking restricted/prohibited on boats? · Do all passengers and crew don the approved buoyancy aids before embarking, and wear them at all times?

What is the minimum crew size and is this sufficient for boat size and cargo carried?

Air transport procedures

Has the aircraft contractor nominated a senior representative on site?

Have adequate air transport procedures been developed? · Is there an aircraft search and rescue procedure?

Are the procedures being adhered to e.g.: · Are dangerous goods (gasoline, explosives, detonators, batteries, kerosene cooking stoves) carried as external loads? · Is aviation fuel quality checked before and after delivery to aircraft? · Do aircraft avoid overflying populated areas during take-off and approach to landing?

Is there any evidence that procedures are not being complied with e.g.: · Are passengers ever carried during external load operations? · Are detonators and explosives carried on the same load? · Is refuelling ever carried out with engines and rotors running and if so are there written procedures and formal training?

Has special training been given for long-line operations if used?

4.6 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT

¡ E & P Forum, 1993c : Health Management Guidelines for Remote Land based Geophysical Operations.. Report 6.30/190, April 1993

4.6.1 Communications

Is the communication system under full control of the Contractor or the Opco?

Is there a reliable system to communicate between base camp and town? · Is there a fall back system? · Can these systems operate during the full time span of field operations (e.g. day time)? - can some communication be maintained outside the time span of field operations (e.g. at night)?

Is there a reliable system to communicate between the base camp and field units? · Can reliable communication be achieved at all times during field operations? · Can communication with secondary camps be maintained at night? · Are there sufficient sets to equip all remote field units?

· Is there a reliable maintenance system? - are all sets working properly?

Are communication procedures defined? · Are they known to relevant personnel/ · Are communication procedures available in writing? · Is there a procedure for radio silence in proximity to loading and priming operations?

Are appropriate precautions taken during thunderstorms (laying down antennas, disconnecting, etc.)?

4.6.2 Firefighting

Fire hazards

Has there been an assessment of fire hazards (e.g. in the Safety case)? · Are all fire hazards appropriately identified? - are all fire hazards appropriately marked?

Is there a prohibition on smoking in bed? · Is this prohibition clearly advertised and known?

Fire extinguishers

Are there extinguishers in appropriate locations in all sites, boats and vehicles? · Are they of the appropriate type? · Are they clearly marked with type and use? · Are they freely available if needed (not in locked area, not too close to potential fire)? · Is the size of all extinguishers compatible with the fire hazards present at the relevant locations?

Have all ` been inspected by an authorised entity? · Do all extinguishers carry inspection tags? - are all inspection tags current? · Are all extinguishers in good condition (no visible corrosion)? · Are extinguishers refilled by an approved agent?

Are fire blankets available in the kitchens and galleys?

Are any Halon extinguishers used? · Is there a record of usage? · Is there a phase-out plan?

Basic firefighting training

Have all staff received basic firefighting training?

· Is refresher training organised? · Are firefighting instructors appropriately qualified?

Are fire instructions clearly defined? · Are fire instructions clearly posted and advertised? · Do crew members know what to do in case of fire? - can selected staff demonstrate the proper use of fire extinguishers? - can kitchen staff demonstrate the use of fire blankets?

Fixed firefighting systems See Section 4.9 Marine vessels if fixed systems are relevant to the land crew audited

Fire brigade

Is the organisation of the fire brigade appropriately defined and advertised? · Is there a designated fire commander?

Have the members of the fire brigade been designated on the basis of their training and personal abilities (physical and psychological fitness)? · Do all crew members know their fire duties? · Is there a schedule of specific training for the fire brigade?

Are BA sets and other professional equipment available?

Advanced firefighting training

Have the appropriate staff (fire commander, fire focal points, etc.) received advanced firefighting training? · Have the members of the fire brigade received training in use of professional firefighting equipment available (BA sets, fire suits, etc.)?

Has any crew member been involved in fighting a real fire?

Fire drills

Is there a schedule of fire drills? · Do all crew members participate in fire drills? · Are fire drills unannounced? · Is a debrief session held after the fire drills? · Is a report written after fire drills? - do reports mention detailed response times? - are all identified problems followed up?

Is the alarm for fire drills exactly the same as for real fires?

Do fire drills sometimes involve external resources (town fire brigade if applicable)?

Is there evidence that firefighting procedures have been modified as a result of drills?

4.6.3 Maritime emergencies

Man Over Board (MOB) Refer to marine section for MOB procedures on houseboats and other marine units used in land operations.

4.7 SEISMIC LINE OPERATIONS (LAND)

Reference documentation ¡ IAGC, 1991 : Land Geophysical Operations Safety Manual (seventh edition).

¡ SHSEC, 1985 : Enhanced Safety Management

¡ SHSEC, 1989 : Enhanced Safety Management checklist

4.7.1 General seismic line safety

Personal Protection Equipment (PPE)

Are PPE requirements well documented? · Are PPE requirements specified in the contract? · Do PPE requirements take jobs and hazards into account? · Does the personnel protective equipment comply with Shell's Personal Protection Equipment Guide?

Do employees have input into identifying their needs for protective equipment?

Are line workers provided with: · Coveralls? · Appropriate footwear? · Hats, gloves, eye protection, etc.?

Is PPE: · Of good quality? - · fit for the intended purpose? · Appropriately maintained if applicable? - · is PPE replaced when worn on an appropriate basis? · Being used correctly? - is wearing of PPE appropriately enforced?

River crossings

Have all personnel been swim tested? · Are buoyancy aids worn by all persons in the water?

Is there a river crossing procedure · Is it written? · Is river crossing planned? · Is there clear assignment of authority as to whether or not to cross the river?

Are rivers ever crossed swimming? · Is first man to cross chosen among the best swimmers? · Does first man use safety equipment (lifejacket, rope, etc.)? · If crossed wading, does first person have a stick to check water depth? - Is there a defined procedure to wade rivers?

Steep slopes

Have steep slope areas been identified on maps or satellite imagery?

Have special procedures been defined for work on steep slopes? · Are steep slope areas appropriately sign posted and equipped? · Are steep slopes protected from erosion arising from the operation?

Line camps

Is the camp at least 50 m from the seismic line?

Is fuel storage: · Remote from accommodation and kitchen area? · Clearly marked and equipped with "No smoking" signs?

Are rubbish pits dug? · Is all rubbish burnt and buried before the camp is moved?

Are latrine facilities provided? · Are latrines at least 100 m from the camp? · Are latrines sufficiently separated from water courses, water wells and the drinking water supply? · Are latrines disinfected and are excrement buried?

If river water is used, is it taken upstream of the bathing area?

Is the bush around the camp cleared to form a fire break? · Is the ground around the kitchen cleared of bush to avoid fires?

Has the camp's environmental effect been appropriately reduced (protection from erosion, encouraging recovery?

Man lost

Is there a "buddy system" to ensure no worker is isolated?

Is there a man lost procedure? · Is the man lost procedure commensurate with the hazard? · Is the man lost procedure known by all exposed staff? · Does the man lost procedure fully guarantee recovery of a lost person? · Has it been rehearsed/drilled?

Have the required resources (aircraft, etc.) been planned?

General work practices

Are workers provided with enough water on the lines?

Is there a satisfactory system to provide line workers with lunch?

Is night work on the lines prohibited? · Is the prohibition of night work enforced?

4.7.2 Surveying and line cutting

Are line cutters well separated from each other?

Are detours well equipped for safe walking? · Are detours clearly marked?

Machetes and handling

Machetes: · Is the blade an integral part of the handle (and not just screwed or pushed into the handle)? · Is the handle rough or fitted with non slip material (tape, etc.)? · Does the handle have a hook or stop at the end of the handle to prevent machete slipping out of operator's hand? · Are machete sheaths provided and used? · Are machetes: - cleaned frequently (at least daily)? - sharpened (at least at least daily) and are appropriate sharpening tools available?

Are machete handlers: · Wearing the proper footwear, eye protection, clothing? · Using a glove for the free hand? · Wearing shin guards? · Equipped with appropriate PPE? - is all equipment and PPE in good condition? · Keeping a minimum distance of 5 m? · Swinging the blade away from the body and not in the direction of another person? · Using a protection stick?

Are small trees cut in a way that avoids leaving sharp stumps behind?

Chain saws and handling

Have chain saw operators been selected by a competent instructor? · Does the selection process include a practical test? · Is there a certification scheme for chain saw operators?

Are all operators wearing the specified items of protective clothing and equipment? · Does this include:

- safety helmet? - eye protection? - ear defenders? - gloves (with protective guard on back of left hand)? - leg protection? - safety boots? - non snag outer clothing? - first-aid kit?

Are all fuel containers of metal, clearly labelled and provided with securely fitting caps and funnels? · Do all operators follow the correct procedures for fuelling? - no fires/smoking within 20 metres of store or fuelling point - all fuel caps replaced securely - move 10 metres from fuelling point before starting.

Is appropriate chainsaw equipment used? · Do all chain saws have: - a clearly marked on/off switch? - a safety throttle? - a front hand guard? - a chain brake? - a chain catcher? - a chain breakage guard? - anti-vibration handles? - a safety chain? - a chain cover for transportation? - an exhaust system which directs fumes away from the operator? · Can chain saws be locked when not in use? - is this adhered to?

Do all operators have an adequate tool kit available?

Are chainsaws in good working condition? · Are all external nuts, bolts, studs and screws in place and secure on all chain saws? · Is the chain tensioned correctly? · Does the chain brake function properly? · Are correct starting procedures followed? · Does the on/off switch function? · Does the chain remain stationary when the engine is idling? · Are the cutting teeth and depth gauges correctly maintained? · Is the chain undamaged? · Is the guide bar correctly maintained?

· Are the guide bar, chain and sprocket correctly matched? · Is the engine correctly maintained? · Are the anti-vibration rubbers free from obvious defect? · Is there a suitable non-flammable cleanser readily available to clean the machine?

Felling by chain saw

Is there a written tree felling procedure? · Is it known by the operators?

Do the operators know which trees to protect?

Are all aid tools in a serviceable condition?

Does the operator: · Work in accordance with an agreed pairing system? · Maintaining a safe working distance between himself and others? (at least 2 tree lengths) · Stop cutting if any person comes within two tree lengths of the tree? · Use a wedging device if the tree is over guide bar length in diameter? · Maintain the correct stance when using a breaking bar? · Step out of the danger zone when the tree falls? · Make every effort to dislodge hung-up trees immediately? - in situations when hung-up trees cannot be dislodged, does the operator follow the correct procedures?

Are low branches, debris from the tree base and any dead or suppressed trees being removed to eliminate hazards and to promote regrowth?

Has a suitable and clear escape route been selected?

Is the sink cut of sufficient size and is it laid in correctly with both cuts meeting exactly? · Is the main felling cut at (or slightly above) the level of the sink cut?

Is there sufficient uncut wood left in the hinge to ensure full directional control?

Is the engine switched off when the saw jams?

Is the chain brake applied or the saw switched off when the operator is walking on difficult ground?

Chain saw snedding

Does the operator: · Work on the uphill side of the tree if there is a danger of it rolling? · Refrain from straddling the tree when operating the chain saw? - is the correct stance being maintained?

· Move forward only when the guide bar is on the far side of the tree? · Hold the saw close to the body (is he and supported on the tree and/or right thigh)? · Keep his right foot kept well away from the chain when cutting lower branches on the far side of the tree? · Apply the correct cutting techniques to minimise the risk of branches springing back? · Avoid overreaching when under sweeping? · Pay sufficient attention to the problems of limbs, supporting branches and butt ends? · Use a safe method when removing the remaining branches after the tree has been turned? · Ensure that the saw in a safe position before any branches are moved by hand?

Is the tip of the guide bar prevented from hitting obstructions (kick-back)? Is the saw consistently used below chest height?

When cutting off the top of the tree, does the operator avoid standing in line with the guide bar?

Hung-up trees

Does the operator: · Use a safe working method when attempting to free a hung-up tree? · Seek mechanical or other assistance when the tree cannot be taken down? · Ensure that not more than two persons are working on the tree at the same time? - is the working area (i.e. 2 x tree length) clear of any other person? · When using a lever, keep the lever between waist and chest height? · Stay outside the danger area throughout the take-down process? · Assume the correct stance when using aid tools to dislodge hung-up trees?

Are all safety devices secured and functioning when using hand winches? · Is the winch offset when the butt is to be pulled down a steep slope?

Clearance of windblown trees

Is the work organised in a safe manner? · Are all necessary aid tools readily available and in serviceable condition? · Is a clearly marked clearance zone established between the windblown trees and any overhead electricity line?

Does the operator: · Clear any debris from around the base of tree and select an obstruction free escape route? · Maintain a safe working distance between himself and other persons? · Make all severing cuts as close to the root plate as possible? - are the severing cuts made accurately and in the correct sequence?

· Avoid walking along or under windblown trees? · Ensure that all sawing done below shoulder height?

Are those root-plates which overhang the operator's working position, securely anchored back? · Does the operator make every effort to return the root-plate into place as soon as the stem is severed? · In cases of excessive side tension, does the operator restrain the stem?

In the case of broken trees, does the operator use a safe felling technique?

Is the chain brake applied or the engine switched off when walking on difficult ground?

Bridging and ladders

Is the bridging stable? · Is it possible to walk on the bridges without using handrails? - if not, are handrails provided?

Is the material used environmentally friendly (local material, or timber brought from outside?

Are the bridges dismantled after use?

Mine clearance

Has there been a proper assessment of the mine and unexploded ordnance hazard?

Is a qualified contractor used for mine clearance? · Is there qualified personnel in the field?

Is equipment used fit for the purpose intended? · Is equipment in good condition/ · Is there an appropriate calibration procedure for the equipment? - is the procedure rigorously followed?

Is ordnance found handled without additional exposure?

Are the disposal procedures safe?

Are the cleared areas appropriately marked? · Is there good discipline in sticking to the cleared corridors?

Is there a good overall guarantee that all mines and hazardous ordnance in cleared corridors have effectively been removed/flagged?

Bulldozers and motor graders

Are units fit for the work at hand?

· Are machines used in hilly terrain of the fail braked type (i.e. not loosing power brakes in case of engine failure)? · Are all machines equipped with: - rollover protection? - reversing alarms? - a horn audible above engine noise? - appropriate rear view mirrors? - functioning parking brakes ? - safety locks on gear changes? - driving seat which can be easily and safely climbed by the driver?

Is appropriate PPE available and worn? · Ear defenders according to recommendations of the Noise Guide? · Safety boots and hard hats? · Seat belts?

Are the units free of any loose items that could interfere with the controls?

Are drivers qualified for the equipment being used? · Have drivers been: - subject to a selection process by competent supervisors? - tested on the equipment prior to employment? · Do drivers have assistants?

Is it visibly prohibited: · To sleep underneath equipment? · To stand on tracks with engine running and driver in his seat? · To take passengers?

Do operators participate in safety and environmental meetings?

Have drivers received safety and environmental training? · Are drivers aware of route restrictions to minimise environmental effects? · Do drivers know which trees require protection? · Can drivers recognise sensitive environmental features? · Are drivers checking their equipment for missing pins and locks on the blades and attachments?

Are drivers provided with a check list? · Are winch ropes checked frequently/ · Is engine oil, water, batteries, etc. checked daily? · Are deficiencies effectively reported?

Has the driver a good vision at all times?

· Does the assistant ensure all personnel are at a safe distance from equipment and material being moved?

Does the driver: · Lower the blade and attachments to ground before leaving his machine? · Apply parking brakes? · Place the gear in neutral and lock the gear lever? · Park equipment on level ground at the end of the day? · Ensure that the battery is switched off at end of shift?

Is there an equipment maintenance schedule? · Is it in accordance with manufacturer specification? · Are all instruments in working condition/

4.7.3 Drilling

Equipment

Are the rigs fit for their intended purpose? · Are the rigs in good condition? · Have all hazards been eliminated from the design? · Is there an emergency stop switch? · Are the rigs free of leaks? · Are all moving parts appropriately guarded?

Is the correct auger for the type of operation and ground being used? · Soft ground: Plain cutter with fishtail tip. · Hard ground: Serrated cutter with tungsten carbide tip insert.

Are all auxiliary tools (pipe wrenches, etc.) fit for purpose and in good condition?

Are the drilling units capable of being carried safely along the line (i.e. weight not excessive and provided with a suitable carrying frame)?

Does the operator have a proper starting cord (in the absence of the preferable self rewinding starter)?

Maintenance

Is there a routine maintenance programme for the drilling rigs (daily)? · Is there a system of testing traction chains, hydraulic lines, airlines, etc.?

Work practices

Is the drill stem cleaned in a manner that eliminates exposure to crushing and friction?

Is the rig noise within the limits set by the Hearing Conservation Guidelines? · Has the noise from the rig been measured?

Are drillers provided with appropriate PPE (safety boots, hard hats, gloves, coveralls, eye protection if required)? · Are ear defenders provided and worn in accordance with the Hearing Conservation Guidelines?

Is the auger: · Stationary whilst the engine is idling? · Lifted in the correct manner (using arms/leg muscles and the back straight?

Is the bit being forced?

Is the engine switched off prior to clearing the auger of any unwanted material?

Are the operators: · Adopting a safe comfortable stance at the site to be drilled (particularly on sloping ground) keeping their feet well clear of the auger? · Wearing the specified items of protective clothing and equipment (safety helmet, gloves, etc.)? · Strictly avoiding loose clothes, scarves or similar that could get caught in the auger?

Is the drilling taking place on either side of the line (4 to 5 metres to avoid unnecessary congestion on the line)?

Is the torque bar being used (in case of little beaver similar)?

Is the environmental effect of cuttings appropriately addressed and controlled if required? · Are shot holes covered to avoid injury to cattle?

Fire and spill control

Are all metal fuel containers clearly labelled with securely fitting caps?

Confirm that there are no fires or smoking within 20 metres of the store or fuelling point.

Do the operators move at least 10 metres from the fuelling point before starting the machine?

Is there a proper funnel for refuelling?

4.7.4 Recording

Instruments

Is the instrument truck large and powerful enough for the weight carried?

Can the instrument (portable mode) be broken down into easy to carry loads?

Does the power supply eliminate all possibility of electrical shock?

Is the instrument truck appropriately earthed?

Cables and geophones

Are the loads carried of appropriate weight, and shape?

Are cables laid out to avoid tripping?

Are line hazards (rivers, cliffs, roads, railways, power lines, etc.) appropriately communicated to the cable handlers?

Have the pick up crews been instructed to collect all flags, detonator wires, and all non biodegradable rubbish from the lines?

Road crossings

Have special procedures been defined for road crossings? · Is special equipment provided for road crossings? · Is the road crossing method adapted to the traffic involved?

4.8 EXPLOSIVES STORAGE AND HANDLING

¡ IME (Institute of Makers of Explosives) Safety Library publications

4.8.1 Storage

Explosive store lay out and design

Is the magazine built to the law prevailing in the country concerned? · Has the magazine been approved by the relevant authority? · Are license conditions or restrictions matching current operating conditions? · Is the magazine complex fenced off to prevent unauthorised entry? - is the location well away from buildings or any area to which the public has access? (see IME tables in EP95-0200)

Has full advantage been taken of the natural features for protection in the event of an explosion, e.g. heavily wooded area, hills, banks, etc.? · Is the store free of natural hazards such as trees, overhanging rocks, etc.?

Are explosives and detonators stored in segregated locations? (see IME tables in EP95-0200)

Is the store adequately signposted, in the appropriate languages?

· Are there signs warning not to use radios within the required distance of the store?

Is/are the magazine(s): · Freely ventilated to prevent degradation of explosives? · Clean, dry, and properly secured? · Made of fire resistant building material? · Appropriately protected from the weather? · Equipped with vents so designed as to prevent illegal access or anybody dropping anything into the magazine? · Fitted with a lightning conductor? - does the lightning conductor comply with BS6651? · Adequately earthed?

Is it impossible to steal explosive material without breaking in?

Is the grass and undergrowth in the vicinity of the explosives cut and removed to minimise fire hazards?

Is the main magazine suitably lined with wooden slats (floor/walls/roof) or similar material?

Are wheels of mobile magazines (if used) removed?

Storage procedures

Is there a documented procedures for storage of explosives? · Are the procedures being complied with, e.g.: - are explosives stored well off the ground on a sound timber base? - are explosive stacked in piles (interlaced in a brickwork manner) to a height of not more than 2 metres? - are there no materials other than explosives stored in or around the magazine? - are there any naked lights in the immediate vicinity of the explosives magazine? (check for cigarette ends/matches, etc. around area). - are there fire extinguishers in the store, to fight an external fire? - are clear signs warning people of the presence of explosives posted around the area? - are explosives stacked well clear (6" minimum) from the walls?. - are waste paper, empty explosives boxes and similar material systematically removed from the store area? - is all repackaging of explosives completed outside the magazine? - are fires strictly prohibited in the area of the explosives store? - are the packaging materials from the explosives checked for any remaining explosives and then destroyed in an acceptable manner? · Are the storage rules and procedures posted in the store?

Are appropriately trained guards for these magazines placed twenty four hour a day? · Do the guards know storage rules and procedures relevant to their jobs?

Are the custody rules clear (who has keys, who is allowed to access what)? · Do the rules of custody provide security commensurate with the threats?

Is there a reliable escape route from the store?

Is there reliable communication to the crew's office to raise the alarm?

Are explosives used in the order in which they are delivered so that old dated stocks are not allowed to accumulate? · If any explosives have been present in a magazine for more than three months is there a weekly inspection for deterioration?

Is there a procedure for handling and disposing of suspect (contaminated or damaged) materials? · Are explosives found to be excluding liquid treated as suspect?

Is there strictly no petrol, oil, or flammable solvents stored within 30 m of any place where explosives are stored?

4.8.2 Record keeping, distribution and handling

Is there a written record of all explosives removed or returned to the magazine? (This document should be sighted). · Does the inventory strictly conform with the books?

Is there a check on any explosives issued in excess of requirements and subsequently returned?

Are Government rules and regulations readily available? · Have Government regulations been taken into account in drafting explosives procedures?

4.8.3 Transport to field

Transport of explosives

Does the air/marine or road transport of explosives: · Comply with local/government regulations governing the movement of explosives? · Comply with the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) regulation, defining the types and quantities allowed to travel as air cargo? · Comply with the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultation Organisation (IMCO) Dangerous Goods Code?

Are vehicles used in the transport of the explosives well maintained? · Are all parts of the vehicle in contact with the explosive load constructed or covered with a non-sparking material?

Are vehicles used for road transport adequate and are they equipped appropriately?

· Is a closed van-body used for explosives transport? - if an open body vehicle is used, is there a procedure to ensure that explosives are not loaded above the sides of the body and that the load is covered with a fire and water resistant tarpaulin? · Does each vehicle have a "Danger-Explosives" sign or suitable indication of a dangerous load (should be re-considered in light of security problems)? · Is each vehicle equipped with at least one firefighting extinguisher? - does the driver know the purpose of the fire extinguisher on his vehicle? (to fight fire outside, NOT to fight an explosives fire) - does the driver know what to do in case of fire ? · Do explosives-carrying vehicles have the following structural alterations: - front mounted exhaust system? - fire screen between driving cab and body? - fuel cut-off switch behind cab? · Are all vehicles used for explosives transport: - dedicated to this purpose? - diesel powered (not petrol)?

When high explosives and detonators are transported: · Are they carried in separate vehicles? · Does each vehicle carry a minimum of two people to ensure the vehicle is never left unattended? · If explosives and detonators are carried together: - are quantities suitably limited - is the detonator container built according to IME-22 specification? · If small quantities of explosives are transported in a wooden container with a securely fitted lid, is this container is securely fastened to the bed of the vehicle? · Are detonators always carried in metal (non ferrous) containers to form a Faraday cage? · Are explosives or detonator boxes or cartons suitably restrained from unwanted movement inside their respective compartment?

4.8.4 In field storage, distribution, handling

Are site carriage containers appropriately constructed and used: · Are they Sealed and lined to prevent entry of water and dust? · Are locks, rivets, etc. made of brass and suitably protected from direct contact with explosives? · Is the catch fitted to the pouch securely closed during conveyance? · Are canisters used in the transport of small quantities of explosives constructed of non- ferrous material such as leather, moulded rubber, wood or reinforced canvas?

Are appropriate procedures available and being complied with e.g.: · Are small quantities of explosives conveyed on site carried in either their original packing or in properly constructed canisters?

· Are explosives fitted with detonators never carried or transported? · Are plastic containers of any description strictly prohibited for the transportation or carriage of detonators? · Are blasting explosives and detonators always carried in separate containers? · Are detonators always carried in metal (non ferrous) containers to form a Faraday cage?

Do all explosives handlers carry a book to record the quantities of explosives stored and distributed? · Does the inventory conform with written records?

Does all explosives handling stop during thunderstorms? · Has a safe distance been defined for the purpose of explosive handling during thunderstorms? - is this distance known by the explosives handlers? - do they know how to evaluate it?

4.8.5 Shot hole loading

Are explosives always primed at the last moment, immediately prior to loading?

Are the number of helpers kept to an absolute minimum and the shot point clear of all people not directly involved in loading operations?

Is strictly only one charge prepared at a time?

Are detonators always attached to the cartridge in such a manner that they cannot be pulled out of position during placement in the hole (one or two half hitches around the charge or use special tie on plastic casing)?

Are there never any kinks or knots in the detonator lead wires that may lead to a break of insulation and a possible short circuit?

Are non-sparking powder punches used for puncturing explosives for insertion of detonator (brass or aluminium not steel screwdriver or knife).

Are each of the shot holes checked by use of stemming rods prior to charging? · Are explosives loaded into difficult shot holes with gentle pressure only? · Are the stemming rods made from non-ferrous material such as wood? · Are records kept of depth of hole and depth of charge.

Are detonators checked before priming the charge? · Are detonators lowered at least 50 cm into the shot hole prior to checking? · Is the checking carried out using a special ohmmeter? · Is there a safe procedure for rechecking the detonator after the hole has been loaded?

Are shot holes properly tamped? · Are appropriate tools provided to tamp shot holes?

Are explosives/cord/detonators removed, and the site left clear of empty explosive boxes?

Is the use of walkie-talkie radios prohibited during priming operations (whenever detonators are outside their metallic boxes and not short-circuited? · Is there a check for the presence of radio transmitters in the neighbourhood? · Is there a check for the presence of power lines?

Are naked flames strictly avoided within 30 metre of the operations?

Is the use of metallic tools (shovels, etc.) strictly avoided for opening explosives boxes?

Detonating cord

Is detonator connected ± 25 cm from end, with charge end of the detonator (opposite end to wires) pointing down the length of the cord? · Is the detonator taped to the cord in a secure manner and that the detonator is not held in the hand but by the wires when doing so?

4.8.6 Shooting

Do personnel and onlookers maintain a proper distance from the shot holes? · Is the shooter keeping the shotpoint in view at all times? · Are look-outs positioned? - are look-outs correctly posted? - is unauthorised personnel strictly prevented from straying into the shotpoint area? · Are adequate warnings given before the shot point is detonated?

Is only one firing line used? · Is the firing line kept shorted during connection of the charges, and until ready to connect to blasting box? · Is the shot point clear when firing line is connected to the blasting box?

Do all shooters wear hard hats?

Are blow outs reported to the observer?

Is the shot pattern connected in series?

Are detonator wires always unsheathed at the last moment, immediately before the shotpoint is connected up?

Is the shot firing cable short circuited at the charger end prior to connecting up detonator wires?

When the firing line is connected, is testing of the circuit carried out from the firing point (not from the shot point end)? · Is a correctly designed ohmmeter used for checking the circuit (e.g. Derby Davies or ZEB not an AVO)? (In some cases ohmmeter may be integral part of charger).

Are shooter and look-outs positioned well clear from the shotpoint? · Has the shooter a full view of the shotpoint during blasting?

Is the key to the charger carried by the shooter at all times.

Are suitable safety helmets worn by all members of the shot firing team.

Has the blasting box sufficient power to detonate all charges?

Is the shooter aware of the type of detonators they are using electric (instantaneous ICI yellow wires or short delay ICI red/green wires, Magnadets or Nonel detonators)?

If overhead power cables or transformers are close by, are the shooting cables and lead wire anchored?

Are all connections clean, do they have a good twist and are they insulated if necessary?

4.8.7 Misfires

How often do misfires occur (percentage of shots)? · What are the primary causes of misfires: - current leakage due to damp conditions or wet-drilling? - incorrect operation of the exploder? - cable damage? - incorrectly connected circuits (short circuited detonator, loose or dirty connections, omitted detonators)? · Is there a record kept of the number and location of misfires? (required by law in many countries) - is there a system for reporting misfires to management? - is the Government involved in misfire situations?

Is there a written procedure for dealing with misfires? · Does the misfire procedure take into account all safety and environmental issues involved? · Does it represent the best solution, avoiding intolerable risks and environmental effects? · How soon are personnel allowed to approach a misfire? (5 minutes for electrical shot- firing, 30 minutes for shots fired by safety fuse). · Does the procedure: - involve examining cable and connections for defects and remedy? (after waiting the appropriate time). - include make a further attempt to fire the shot (after disconnecting the shot-firing apparatus and shot firing cable, shorting and ground the firing line? - involve cutting the excess detonator wires and hiding the rest?

Are charges punched to allow deterioration of sleeping charges? · Is the environmental effect of deteriorating sleeping charges known and documented?

· Do sleeping unexploded charges present a threat to the local population?

Are notices erected to warn personnel of a misfire?

Is drilling restricted in the vicinity of a misfire?

Is a safety ohm-meter used to check the circuit?

Is all testing carried out from a place of safety, preferably the firing point?

Is relief hole drilling avoided and restricted?

4.9 MARINE VESSELS

Reference documentation ¡ IAGC, 1991b : Marine Geophysical Operations Safety Manual (seventh edition).

¡ E & P Forum, 1993c : Health Management Guidelines for Remote Land based Geophysical Operations.. Report 6.30/190, April 1993

4.9.1 General

What are the vessel's: · Main features? (hull type, length overall, net tonnage, number of berths, propulsion, propellers, bow thrusters, etc..) · Main registration details (name, current owner, flag, port of registration, classification authority)? · Main construction details (date, place of construction, purpose built, etc.)?

Is the vessel of adequate size for the job at hand (number of streamers, etc.)?

Are the certificates up to date (Safety construction, safety equipment, radios, load line, annual survey certificate, fire appliances, fixed firefighting systems, rescue boat, lifting gear)? · When was the vessel last inspected by a qualified maritime institution? · When was the last dry dock? - when is the next dry-dock planned?

Are there records of the safety meetings and how often are they held?

Is every new member on board given induction training?

Have the vessel characteristics and survey parameters been adequately covered in the EA (see 4.2)?

Have all necessary parties been notified that the survey will take place? · Local authorities? · Local fishermen? · Other water users in general?

Are towing signals clearly displayed to inform other vessels? · Is a continual watch (visual/radar) kept for vessels which could pass close-by the seismic vessel or its equipment?

Are all personnel operating cranes, winches, hydraulic equipment, electrical installations qualified and authorised?

Are the Marpol regulations readily available on board? · Are the vessel's waste disposal systems in accordance with Marpol regulations? · Are the Marpol regulations applicable to the survey area properly followed?

4.9.2 Vessel maintenance

Is there a schedule of maintenance?

Are maintenance procedures easily available to relevant staff?

Is a Permit To Work system used for maintenance operations? · Does it cover, amongst others: - welding? - electrical work? - entry into confined spaces?

Is there a clearly available list of outstanding maintenance action items? · Does the list indicate mainly item for the next dry dock? · Are there any signs of outstanding maintenance on the vessel)?

Are spent lubricants properly collected and disposed of?

4.9.3 Uncontrolled hazards and housekeeping

Are all water-tight doors closed and latched?

Is the paint store adequately ventilated?

Are all spare streamer sections stored in designated areas (cable store) protected by a fixed system?

Is hot work appropriately controlled (PTW system)?

Is information on hazardous chemicals (MSDS sheets) readily available in the place of use? · Are any hazardous chemicals used to clean decks or floors discharged overboard?

4.9.4 Chase vessel Same questions apply as for main seismic vessel (4.9.1 to 4.9.3).

Have special HSE provisions been included in the contract or charter?

Do officers from the main seismic vessel inspect the chase vessel?

When inspecting the vessel during the audit: · Are firefighting systems adequate? · Is life saving equipment adequate? · Is communication equipment adequate? · Is housekeeping on the chase vessel adequate? · Are hygiene conditions (including food storage and preparation) adequate?

Has the chase vessel been inspected by the seismic contractor prior to chartering?

Do officers from the chase vessel participate in HSE meetings on the main seismic vessel?

Has the chase vessel subcontractor defined its own HSE Policy?

Is there a book of procedures on the chase vessel?

Are HSE meetings held regularly? · Are minutes written?

Are drills regularly held? · Is drill performance adequate?

Are the waste disposal systems in line with those of the mother ship?

Have responsible officers been briefed on their chase vessel duties?

Are there written procedures to deal with interfering ships? · Is a log of contacts kept?

Is there good contact between the chase vessel and the shore based permitting organisation?

Is there appropriate feed back of recurrent problems to shore management?

4.9.5 Firefighting

Fire extinguishers, basic and advanced firefighting training, fire drills are covered in section 4.6. Specific questions applicable only to marine vessels are listed below.

Fixed fighting systems: · Are fixed systems (Halon, Foam, sprinkler, etc.) installed in all high risk, unattended locations (as required by law and fire hazard analysis)? · Are any Halon systems used? - If used, is there a plan in place to phase out the Halon systems? · Are all fixed systems operational? · Is there an appropriate system to maintain the fixed firefighting systems? - is there a schedule of tests of the fixed firefighting systems?

Detection and alarm systems: · Is there a smoke detection system in all appropriate locations? - is there an adequate system to monitor alarms? · Is there a system to maintain the fire alarms? - is there a schedule for testing fire alarms?

Are fire hydrants available in sufficient numbers and adequate locations? · Are there enough fire hoses? · Are all fire hose and hydrant connections of a single type? · Is there sufficient spare equipment?

Is the fire plan accurate? · Is the location of the fire plan appropriate for use by external fire brigades?

Is there an appropriate emergency power back up arrangement?

Can fire pumps be started from a safe location?

Fire brigade

Are seismic crew members involved in firefighting?

4.9.6 Life saving equipment and procedures

Abandon ship

Are there adequate life jackets and survival suits available? · Is there a life jacket in every cabin? - is there a supply of life jackets near the muster point, equal to the number of personnel on board? · Are there survival suits in every cabin? - is there a supply of survival suits near the muster point? · Does life saving equipment comply with legal standards in number and quality?

Is the vessel equipped with a Totally Enclosed Motor propelled Survival Craft (TEMPSC)? · Is the capacity of the TEMPSC equal to the number of personnel on board? · In combination with the TEMPSC, are there enough life rafts to hold twice the number of personnel on board? · Are the TEMPSC and life rafts arranged in such a way as to hold 100% of the personnel on board on each side?

Are TEMPSC and liferafts adequately equipped? · Are life rafts equipped with hydrostatic releases? · Is the TEMPSC equipped with the required survival gear? · Is the inspection of the TEMPSC done at the legally required interval?

- is the inspection of the TEMPSC effective and properly documented?

Is a lifeboat drill conducted each time the vessel is in port? · Does it involve lowering the boat into the water and starting the engines?

Are donning instructions for life jackets and survival suits posted visibly in every cabin?

Are there always two safe egress routes from all areas of the vessel? · Are escape routes to muster areas clearly marked? · Is the location of life saving equipment clearly marked?

Are the launching conditions for life boats and rafts (maximum heel and tilt) clearly specified and known to relevant personnel?

Are there appropriate procedures for maintaining life saving equipment in a proper state of readiness?

Is the ship's muster list properly displayed? · In muster drills, can all personnel be accounted for in less than ten minutes?

Man overboard

Are there life rings in appropriate numbers and locations?

For Man Overboard (MOB) operations: · Is there a MOB life raft on the back-deck? · Is there a dedicated MOB alarm? - are the MOB alarm buttons easily accessible, and located in the highest exposure areas (back-deck)? · Are MOB drills conducted at least once per month? - is there a dummy for MOB drills? - are time details appropriately recorded (time to launch MOB boat, time to retrieve dummy, time to bring dummy back on board)? - is the time to recover dummy consistently below five minutes? - can dummy be reliably brought back on board within fifteen minutes?

Offshore survival training

Have all personnel on board attended a recognised basic offshore survival training course? · Has in house training been organised for those personnel who could not attend offshore survival training (for example chase vessel crew)?

4.9.6 Shore based logistics

Survey shore station(s)

Are survey stations dedicated to the survey? · Have facilities been built?

- is the layout adequate?

Do electrical systems conform to the accepted standards?

Are there appropriate procedures for working at height? · Is it covered by a Permit-to-Work system? - when working on antennae, is the PTW system followed?

Are there appropriate security procedures in place? · Is there adequate security? · Are security procedures known to attending personnel/

Shore support

Are there dedicated resources for the vessel's support? · Is there dedicated personnel? · Are dedicated vehicles used? - Are they appropriately selected and controlled (see chapter 4.3)? · Has there been an attempt to control non dedicated resources?

Is there a responsible person on shore?

Is there effective communication on HSE between shore and ship?

Routine crew changes Is there a policy to cover boat-to-boat transfers?

Helicopter transfers

Are helicopters routinely used for crew changes or other supplies?

For helicopter passengers: · Are HUET certificates checked prior to embarkation? · Is there a pre embarkation safety briefing? · Is appropriate survival clothing provided? - is survival clothing in good condition? · Is loose luggage allowed in the cabin? · Is there a clear embarkation/disembarkation procedure? - is this procedure written? - is it known to relevant personnel?

Has the helideck been audited by SAL? · Have all SAL recommendations been implemented?

During Helicopter landings: · Does the chase vessel get within one kilometre of the main vessel?

· Is the Fast Rescue Craft (FRC) on standby? · Is there a fire watch during helicopter landings? · Is there a clearly designated Helicopter Landing Officer (HLO)? - is the HLO appropriately trained and certified?

4.10 MARINE SEISMIC OPERATIONS

Reference documentation ¡ IAGC, 1991b : Marine Geophysical Operations Safety Manual (seventh edition).

4.10.1 Use of small boats

Are there adequate procedures which cover the use of small boats? · Are weather limitations on the use of small boats clearly spelled out? - are they known to relevant crew members? · Is the procedure for launching small boats defined and written? - is the procedure easily accessible and known to relevant staff? · Is there a written record of the authorisation process? - is the Captain's authorisation always required to launch a small boat? - is the coxswain empowered to abort the small boat operation if he judges it unsafe?

Is (are) the boat(s) of adequate design? · Is the boat insubmersible? · Is the boat equipped with a self righting mechanism? · Are only diesel engines used? · Are only waterjet propulsion systems used? · Is there an emergency switch for the engine? · Are grab ropes provided around the boat?

What is the general condition of the small boats used? · Are railings and stanchion bars (especially alloy) free of cracks or loose fastenings? · Are all ground tackle, service winches, bollards and cleats in good condition? · Are mooring ropes in good condition? (free of frays, kinks, knots, degraded from UV sunlight) · Are spare parts and tools carried on board? · Is the hull in good condition? · Is the correct safety equipment carried on board: - up to date flares? - EPIRB? - first-aid kit? - serviceable and charged fire extinguisher - oars and paddles, life ring, bailer, etc.? · Is the number of life-jackets equal to 150% of the personnel on board? · Does the rope supplied with the life buoys float?

When in the water: · Are the rules on wearing of life jackets or similar PFDs clearly defined, advertised and known to the crew? · Is there good steering and visibility from the coxswain's normal seated position? · Are all passengers seated securely during launching and retrieval? at sea?. · Are boat-to-boat transfers prohibited or strictly controlled?

· Are all loads secured and necessary rope, nets and eyes to attach them provided? · Are all passengers and crew wearing the approved life-jackets. · Is minimum crew size sufficient for boat size/type of work carried out?

Do boats have a log book for maintenance and servicing programme for hull, engines, etc.?

Are all coxswains tested and licensed on a routine basis?

Have all personnel been swim tested?

Is refuelling carried out in an approved manner, using the correct equipment? · Is all fuel kept approved in containers?

Is smoking strictly prohibited on the boat at any time.

4.10.2 Back-deck operations

Is adequate personal safety equipment supplied and worn? · For specific operations, does this include? - safety boots (non-slip)? - gloves? - eye protection? - ear defenders? - hard hats? - survival suits? - safety harness? - life-jackets?

Is there a clear policy concerning the wearing of personal flotation devices (PFDs), life lines and PPE? · Are zones for wearing of PFD and life lines appropriately defined and marked? · Are safety harnesses (life lines) available at the required locations? - are the life lines in good condition? - are all attachment points for life lines safe and suitably located?

On the deck: · Is the surface provided with anti slip coating? · Is the surface free of tripping hazards and head level obstructions? · Is all equipment and materials securely stowed? · Are working areas appropriately lit?

Is there appropriate communication with the bridge and the instrument room?

Is there a system to switch off airguns in a MOB situation?

Handling of equipment

How is equipment (paravanes, tail buoys, gun buoys, gun arrays) pulled out of the water ? · Is any equipment pulled out of the sea by dragging it on the slipway (gun chute)? · Is any equipment handled twice (once for pulling out of the water, once for stowage) ? · Are there slings that need to be attached from a position requiring a lifeline ? · Is there any need for manual handling of equipment ? - if Yes, is any handling done from a position exposed to sea ? - if Yes, does it require significant effort ?

Layout of back-deck

Are the winches of adequate design? · Are all winches marked with Safe Working Load (SWL)? · Are the winches positioned such that operators can always see the load/cable they are handling ? · Are there winches that could be used for more than one job ?

Are there locations or work location exposed: · To sea without indication of PPE to be used ? · To cables under tension - without marking ?

Air and water gun operations

Are the number of people present in the area of high pressure equipment during firing operations kept to a minimum?

Are there signs warning people of the pressure hazard and other hazards? · Are all personnel aware of the potential danger of high pressure air and grease/oils, etc.? · Is maintenance or adjustment carried out on equipment whilst it is pressurised?

Are all high pressure hoses handled in a manner to avoid abrasion or undue strain?

Regarding lines, guns and hoses: · Are all gun operators qualified to handle the equipment? · How often are the lines/guns inspected? - are the gun and hoses inspections documented in writing? · When a gun is being lowered or retrieved are all personnel well clear?

Are there switches for triggering and pressure control on the gun deck?

Is pressure not applied when guns are on deck?

Are guns always blown-down prior to bringing onboard?

Is the status of guns double-checked prior to working on them?

Is test firing of guns on deck strictly avoided?

Is pressure always limited to 500 psi prior to test firing the airguns when suspended alongside the vessel?

Is the effect of airguns of fish and other marine species monitored?

Gas-exploder operations

Are liquid oxygen containers constructed from a suitable material?

Are personnel specifically trained in handling liquid oxygen and propane?

Are hazardous area conditions and procedures strictly enforced? · Is the electrical equipment installed in the area suitable for the hazardous area classification? · Are clear signs posted on the vessel warning personnel of the presence of oxygen and propane? · Is there a permit to work system and if so is it enforced during work in these areas?

Is oil or grease present in or on any part of the oxygen handling system?

Are all tanks provided with safety relief valves (PSVs)? · How often are PSVs inspected and reset? · Do all PSVs vent over the side of the vessel?

Is there a gas detection system and if so is it fully operational?

Is there a written procedure for the loading of oxygen and propane? · Are propane or oxygen ever transferred at the same time? · Do personnel wear protective goggles, mitts, etc. during loading operations?

Recording and streamer operations

Is the streamer reel system only operated by trained personnel?

Are special precautions taken for handling cable oil (kerosene)? · Are there warning signs for flammable cable oil? · Is smoking, welding or open flames permitted at or near the cable reel? · Are the correct tools provided and used?

Are the operators issued with the appropriate personal safety equipment (hard hats, safety shoes, life-jackets, safety harness, gloves)?

Are there written operating instructions/procedures for the equipment? · Are these being complied with? - is the operation ever carried out with only one person in the area?

- are routine daily checks carried out on the winches, hydraulics and brakes? - is work on deployed equipment strictly prohibited or restricted? - is night launching of small boats prohibited or subject to strict rules?

75 AUDITKIT97 4seismic.doc Seismic Audit Questionnaire Rev.A Attachment 1 Page 1 List of abbreviations: AVO - Amplitude Cersus Offset DEP - DEsign & Engineering Practices E&P - Exploration & Production EA - Environmental Assessment ELCB -.Exposed Location Circuit Breaker EPIRB -.Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon FRC -.Fast Rescue Craft HLO -.Helicopter Landing Officer HUET -.Helicopter Underwater Escape Training IAGC -.Interbational Association of Geophysical Contractors ICAO -.International Civil Aviation Organisation IEE -.Institute of Electrical Engineers IMCO -.Intergovernmental Maritime Consultation Organisation IME -.Institute of Makers of Explosives IUCN -.International Union for Conservation of Nature MA -.Medical Advisor MSDS -.Materials Safety Data Sheets Marpol -.Marine Pollution NDB -.Non Directional Beacons NFPA -.National Fire Protection Association Opco -.Operating company PFD -.Personal Floatation Device PSV -.Pressure Safety Valve PTW -.Permit To Work RCCB -.Residual Curent Circuit Breaker SAL -.Shell Aircraft Ltd SHSEC -.Shell Health Safety and Environment Comittee SIEP -.Shell International Expolration & Production SIPC -.Shell International Petroleum Co. SIPM -.Shell International Petroleum Mij. SOLAS -.Safety Of Life At Sea SWL -.Single Weight Lift TEMPSC -.Totally Enclosed Motor propelled Survival Craft