Annex 1. Data Input on Biomass (B), P/B Ratio, Q/B Ratio, and Non-Assimilated Food (UF
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ANNEX.
Annex 1. Data input on biomass (B), P/B ratio, Q/B ratio, and non-assimilated food (UF, % feces and DOM excretion) for the different groups that represent the pelagic subweb of the Inner Sea of Chiloé (ISCh) and Moraleda Channel (MC). Final P/B values were obtained by averaging the “A” (from physiological and growth rate data) and “B” (from life histories and life span data) P/B column.
B (mgC/m2) P/B Q/B UF Non assimilated (year-1) (year-1) food
Nº Group MCh ISCh A B MCh ISCh MCh MCh % Feces % (ISCh) (ISCh) DOM 1 Otariidae 24.671 36.981 0.6537 0.0559 16.1990 0.100110 0.999120 0.001120 2 Aves 11.262 7.672 0.0938 0.0760 65.0991 0.200111 0.999120 0.001120 3 Orcinus orca 0.173 0.013 0.0239 0.0461 8.2792 0.100112 0.999120 0.001120 4 Mysticeti 3.073 0.293 0.0540 0.0362 7.7793 0.100113 0.999120 0.001120 5 Delphinidae 0.293 0.033 0.0439 0.0763 15.9494 0.100113 0.999120 0.001120 6 Gempylidae 0.104 0.594 0.8441 0.0964 8.3195 0.200114 0.999120 0.001120 7 Sciaenidae -- 1.554 -- (0.72 41) 0.0865 -- 7.9695 0.999120 0.999120 0.001120 8 Atherinopsidae 24.604 43.044 1.9841 0.3366 16.8395 0.200114 0.999120 0.001120 (2.4641) 9 Ophidiiformes 21.714 7.414 1.7942 0.0767 11.2496 0.200114 0.999120 0.001120 10 Gadiformes (A) 1026.475 950.045 1.2742 0.0768 15.2197 0.200114 0.999120 0.001120 11 Gadifomes (J-L) 12 Carangidae 8.434 5.174 1.0543 0.0969 12.0598 0.200114 0.999120 0.001120 13 Clupeiformes (J-A) 273.566 2283.546 5.0644 0.4070 43.8099 0.200114 0.999120 0.001120 14 Clupeiformes (L) 486.687 10173.678 67.9845 1.0071 35.41100 0.410115 0.999120 0.001120 15 Ichthyoplankton (L) 13393.467 12509.578 44.7345 1.0071 6.78101 9.91101 0.185115 0.999120 0.001120 16 Scyphomedusae 107.369 174.0510 73.0046 9.1372 474.50102 0.095116 0.79121 0.21121 17 Hydromedusae 34.0611 23.7512 46.2346 18.2573 1182.85103 2253.78103 0.178117 0.70122 0.30122 18 Ctenophora 0.1113 0.9914 110.9647 4.0674 178.0699 1390.6399 0.260118 0.62123 0.38123 19 Appendicularia 0.2213 2.8714 280.7247 36.2975 455.21104 0.233119 0.76123 0.24123 20 Siphonophore 35.8715 58.1516 109.5046 12.1776 2148.44105 1708.69105 0.095116 0.79121 0.21121 21 Salpida 0.0517 0.0818 61.4147 17.3077 780.4799 0.130119 0.96123 0.04123 22 Decapoda (L) 19.6519 39.5920 7.6148 2.4378 37.39106 0.119119 0.38124 0.62124 23 Euphausiacea 307.3821 559.9422 10.1249 0.6179 70.10107 2.86107 0.174119 0.49123 0.51123 24 Chaetognatha 0.8623 11.3824 22.0650 1.4180 144.81107 274.38107 0.190119 0.86123 0.14123 25 Cladocera 0.0123 2.0325 95.1251 9.6781 864.62108 864.62108 0.119119 0.40125 0.60125 26 Copepoda calanoida 109.8826 281.8127 48.1852 9.4982 13.3399 33.0399 0.111119 0.38123 0.62123 27 Copepoda cyclopoida 34.2226 61.8527 73.2452 12.6483 71.4399 177.0899 0.126119 0.41123 0.59123 28 Copepoda Nauplii (L) 86.6328 33.0229 81.2153 10.8484 72.98109 0.119119 0.40125 0.60125 29 Ciliophora 7.0530 22.6631 520.4654 547.5085 5.2199 128.2699 0.048119 0.00123 1.00123 30 Micro Phytoplankton 403.3032 997.3733 1126.1655 461.0586 -- -- 0.048119 0.52123 0.48123 (621.4356) 31 Micro Flagellates 19.5532 43.9033 824.3954 493.2487 6.0699 2167.4599 0.048119 0.52126 0.48126 32 HNF 93.6632 206.3833 824.3954 597.2788 373.1099 4657.5399 0.048119 0.00123 1.00123 33 ANF 70.8532 127.0933 824.3954 597.2788 ------34 Bacteria 225.5032 453.3233 34.2257 1460.008 1268.8899 861.3699 0.050119 0.00123 1.00123 (129.1458) 9
35 DOM 24330.4834 34503.4534 ------1.00123 36 Detritus 4055.0835 5750.5836 ------1.00123 --
A) Biomass: 1 = 6 2 6 2 BOtariidae = ∑Bsex /Area (AreaMch = 8,263.0x10 m ; or, AreaISCh = 9,675.0x10 m ); Where, Bsex = SP * Ab * Ww * CCF / Area; Where, SP = Sex proportion (Oporto et al., 1999); Ab = Abundance (Oporto et al., 1999); Ww = wet weight (Palomares & Pauly, 2011); CCF = Carbon Conversion Factor, 1g ww = 0.114 gC indiv -1
(Cauffopé & Heymans, 2005); Area = Area (AreaMch or AreaISCh); 2 = BAves = Ab * Ww * CCF / Area; Where, Ab = Abundance (Hucke-Gaete et al., 2010); Ww = wet weight (Palomares & Pauly, 2011); CCF = Carbón Conversion Factor, 1g ww = 0.114 gC indiv -1 (Cauffopé &
Heymans, 2005); Area = Area (AreaMch or AreaISCh); 3 = Bi = Ab * Ww * CCF / Area; Where, Ab = Abundance (Aguayo et al., 2006; Hucke-Gaete et al., 2010; Viddi et al., 2010; Zamorano-Abramson et al., 2010), Ww = wet weight (Kenney et al., 1997; Palomares & Daniel Pauly, 2011), CCF = Carbon Conversion Factor, 1g ww = 0.114 gC indiv -1 (Cauffopé & Heymans,
2005), Area = Area (AreaMch or AreaISCh); 4 = Bi = (Ti * CCF ) / Area; Where, Ti = ton specie “i”; CCF = Carbon Conversion Factor, 0.06 gC indiv -1
(Walsh, 1981); Area = Area (AreaMch or AreaISCh); Ti = (Bclup * %Li) / %Lclup; Where, Ti = ton specie “i”; Bclup = Clupeiformes Biomass; %Li = Percentage of specie “i” in the landing for MCh or ISCh (SERNAPESCA, 2003; SERNAPESCA, 2006; SERNAPESCA, 2007; SERNAPESCA, 2008; SERNAPESCA, 2009); %Lclup = Percentage of Clupeiformes species in the landing for MCh or ISCh (SERNAPESCA, 2003; SERNAPESCA, 2006; SERNAPESCA, 2007; SERNAPESCA, 2008; SERNAPESCA, 2009); 5 = Bi = ( SEi * CFC ) / Area; Where, For Gadiformes Biomass, SEi = biomass from stock assessments (Lillo et al., 2004, et al., 2006, et al., 2008); CCF = Carbón Conversion Factor, 0.06 gC indiv -1 (Walsh, 1981); Area
(AreaMch or AreaISCh); For Gadiformes (J-L) were estimated from EwE; 6 = SEi = biomass from stock assessments (Niklitschek et al., 2009); CCF = Carbon Conversion Factor, 0.06 -1 gC indiv (Walsh, 1981); Area (AreaMch or AreaISCh); 7 = Biomass = larval number m-3 (Landaeta & Castro, 2006) * 50m * larval wet weight (Bustos et al., 2008, Niklitschek et al., 2009) * 0.06 gC indiv -1 (Walsh, 1981); 8 = Biomass = larval number m-3 (Bustos et al., 2008) * 50m * larval wet weight (Bustos et al., 2008; Niklitschek et al., 2009) * 0.06 gC indiv -1 (Walsh, 1981); 9 = Estimated from relationship BScypho/BSiphono obtained for ISCh; 10 = Biomass = N° indiv. m-3 (Palma et al., 2011) * 50m * 1265.8 mgC indiv -1 (Shenker, 1985); 11 = Biomass = N° indiv. m-3 (Palma et al., 2007) * 50m * 165.60 µgrC indiv -1 (assumed); 12 = Biomass = N° indiv. m-3 (Villenas et al., 2009; Palma et al., 2011) * 50m * 165.60 µgrC indiv -1 (assumed); 13 = Abundance m2 from unpublished zooplankton data from 13 stations and 2 depths during CIMAR 13; Ctenophora = 128.4 µgC ind-1 (Hirst et al., 2003); Appendicularia = 4.39 µgC ind-1 (Hirst et al., 2003); 14 = Abundance m2 from unpublished zooplankton data from 9 stations and 2 depths during CIMAR 12; Ctenophora = 128.4 µgC ind-1 (Hirst et al., 2003); Appendicularia = 4.39 µgC ind-1 (Hirst et al., 2003); 15 = Biomass = N° indiv. m-3 (Palma et al., 2007) * 50m * 180.30 µgrC indiv -1 (Purcell & Kremer, 1983); 16 = Biomass =N° indiv. m-3 (Villenas et al., 2009; Palma et al., 2011) *50m * 180.30 µgrC indiv -1 (Purcell & Kremer, 1983); 17 = Abundance m2 from unpublished zooplankton data from 13 stations and 2 depths during CIMAR 13; Salpida = 188.47 µgC ind-1 (González et al., 2000); 18 = Abundance m2 from unpublished zooplankton data from 9 stations and 2 depths during CIMAR 12; Salpida = 188.47 µgC ind-1 (González et al., 2000); 19 = Biomass = N° indiv. m-3 (Mujica, 2008) * 50m * 0.25 annually (Pérez-Barros et al., 2007) * 159.25 µgrC indiv -1 (Uye, 1982); 20 = Biomass = N° indiv. m-3 (Mujica & Nava, 2010; Mujica et al., 2011) * 50m * 0.33 annually (Pérez-Barros et al., 2007) * 159.25 µgrC indiv -1 (Uye, 1982); 21 = Abundance m2 from unpublished zooplankton data from 13 stations and 2 depths during CIMAR 13 (González et al., 2011); Euphausiacea = 649-5353 µgC ind-1 (González et al., 2000; Hirst et al., 2003; González et al., 2011); 22 = Abundance m2 from unpublished zooplankton data from 9 stations and 2 depths during CIMAR 12 (H. E. González et al., 2010); Euphausiacea = 649-5353 µgC ind-1 (González et al., 2000; Hirst et al., 2003, González et al., 2011); 23 = Abundance m2 from unpublished zooplankton data from 13 stations and 2 depths during CIMAR 13; Chaetognatha = 107.69 µgC ind-1 (Pearre, 1992; González et al., 2000; Hirst et al., 2003); Cladocera =1.93 µgC ind-1 (Sánchez et al., 2011); 24 = Biomass = N° indiv. m-3 (Villenas et al., 2009) * 50m * 107.69 µgC ind-1(Pearre, 1992; González et al., 2000; Hirst et al., 2003); 25 = Abundance m2 from unpublished zooplankton data from 13 stations and 2 depths during CIMAR 13; Cladocera =1.93 µgC ind-1 (Sánchez et al., 2011); 26 = Abundance m2 from unpublished zooplankton data from 13 stations and 2 depths during CIMAR 13; calanoida = 91.04 µgC ind-1; cyclopoida = 6.37 µgC ind-1 (González et al., 2000; González et al., 2010; González et al., 2011); 27 = Abundance m2 from unpublished zooplankton data from 11 stations and 2 depths during CIMAR 12; calanoida = 91.04 µgC ind-1; cyclopoida = 6.37 µgC ind-1 (González et al., 2000, et al., 2010, et al., 2011); 28 = Nauplii Biomass (González et al., 2011), where 11 samples stations were considered in the present study; 29 = Nauplii Biomass (González et al., 2010), where 9 samples stations were considered in the present study; 30 = Biomass = biomass (González et al., 2011) * 1.56 CF (Stoecker et al., 1994), where 26 samples stations were considered in the present study); 31 = Biomass = biomass obtained (González et al., 2010) * 1.56 CF (Stoecker et al., 1994), where 26 samples stations were considered in the present study; 32 = Biomass (González et al., 2011), where 11 samples stations were considered in the present study; 33 = Biomass (González et al., 2010), where 13 samples stations were considered in the present study; 34 = Biomass DOM = Detritus * 6 (Pavés et al. submitted); 35 = POC – Biomass functional Groups 29-34 (González et al., 2011), where 11 samples stations were considered in the present study; 36 = POC – Biomass functional Groups 29-34 (González et al., 2010), where 13 samples stations were considered in the present study.
B) Production/Biomass ration (P/Bi) P/B in days * 365, or, in year; 37 = P/Bi = P/B mean obtained from other models (Neira & Arancibia, 2004; Neira et al., 2004); 38 = P/B mean obtained from other models (Sidi & Guénette, 2004; Medina et al., 2007; Melgo et al., 2009; Morissette et al., 2010); 39 = P/B mean obtained from other models (Sidi & Guénette, 2004; Melgo et al., 2009; Morissette et al., 2010); 40 = P/B mean obtained from other models (Melgo et al., 2009; Morissette et al., 2010); 41 = P/B mean obtained from other models (Sidi & Guénette, 2004; Melgo et al., 2009); 42 = P/B mean obtained from other models (Neira et al., 2004; Sidi & Guénette, 2004; Morissette et al., 2010); 43 = P/B mean obtained from other models (Neira et al., 2004; Sidi & Guénette, 2004; Medina et al., 2007; Melgo et al., 2009; Morissette et al., 2010); 44 = P/B obtained from relationship P/B = Z (Cubillos et al., 2007); 45 = P/B from growth rates (Houde, 1989); 46 = P/B from growth rates (Larson, 1986); 47 = P/B from growth rates (Hirst et al., 2003; Sato et al., 2008); 48 = P/B from P/B Euphausiacea (Annex 1) and P/B Amphipoda (Ikeda & Shiga, 1999); 49 = P/B from growth rates (Hirst et al., 2003; Pinchuk & Hopcroft, 2006; Shaw et al., 2010); 50 = P/B from growth rates (Newbury, 1978; Hirst et al., 2003); 51 = P/B from growth rates, P = daily growth rate (Preuss et al., 2009), B = Bi (Annex 1). 52 = P/B from growth rates (Hirst et al., 2003); 53 = P/B from growth rates (Uye & Sano, 1998; Hirst et al., 2003); 54 = P/B obtained from other model (Pavés & González, 2008); 55 = P/B from PP value (PP = 1244 mg C m-2 d-1; González et al., 2011) and relationship with Micro Phytoplankton Biomass 56 = P/B from PP value (PP = 1698 mg C m-2 d-1; González et al., 2010) and relationship with Micro Phytoplankton Biomass 57 = P/B from PBS value (González et al., 2011) and relationship with Bacteria Biomass 58 = P/B from PBS value (González et al., 2010) and relationship with Bacteria Biomass B) Production/Biomass ration, P/Bi = 1/MLS; MLS = mean life span; P/Best in days * 365, or, in year; 59 = MLS = mean life span, 20 years (Sielfeld et al., 1997; Palomares & Pauly, 2011); 60 = MLS = 15 years (Palomares & Pauly, 2011); 61 = MLS = 25 years (Palomares & Pauly, 2011); 62 = MLS = 40 years (Palomares & Pauly, 2011); 63 = MLS = 15 years (Palomares & Pauly, 2011); 64 = MLS = 11.5 years (Horn, 2002; Acuña et al., 2007); 65 = MLS = 13 years (Oyarzún et al., 1999); 66 = MLS = 3 years (Pavez et al., 2008); 67 = MLS = 14.5 years (Withell & Wankowski, 1989; Wiff et al., 2007); 68 = MLS = 15 years (Aguayo & Ojeda, 1987; Lillo et al., 2005; Chong et al., 2007; Aguayo et al., 2010; Cerna, 2003); 69 = MLS = 11 years (Cubillos & Arancibia, 1995; Karlou-Riga & Sinis, 1997; Córdova et al., 2006); 70 = MLS = 2.5 years (Gru & Cousseau, 1982; Canales & Leal, 2009; Niklitschek et al., 2009; Castillo-Jordán et al., 2010); 71 = MLS = 1 year (assumed); 72 = MLS = 40 days (assumed); 73 = MLS = 20 days (assumed); 74 = MLS = 90 days (Hirota, 1974); 75 = MLS = 10.6 days (López-Urrutia et al., 2003; Deibel & Lowen, 2011); 76 = MLS = 30 days (Carre & Carre, 1991); 77 = MLS = 21.1 days (Deibel & Lowen, 2011); 78 = MLS = 150 days (assumed); 79 = MLS = 1.6 years (Ross, 1982; Taki, 2004; Hamame & Antezana, 2010); 80 = MLS = 258.5 days (Giesecke & González, 2008); 81 = MLS = 37.7 days (Bottrell, 1975; Lynch, 1980); 82 = MLS = 38.5 days (Huntley & Lopez, 1992); 83 = MLS = 28.9 days (Huntley & Lopez, 1992); 84 = MLS = 33.7 days (assumed); 85 = MLS = 0.7 days (Dolana & Coats, 1990; Strom & Morello, 1998); 86 = MLS = 0.8 days (Redalje & Laws,1981); 87 = MLS = 0.7 days (Anderson, 1998; Strom & Morello, 1998); 88 = MLS = 0.6 days (Dolana & Coats, 1990; Drebes et al., 1996); 89 = MLS = 0.3 days (assumed); C) Comsuption/Biomass ration. 90 = Q/B from ingestion rate and Q/B mean from others models (George-Nascimento et al., 1985; Kastelein et al., 1995; Neira et al., 2004) in relation to its own biomass; 91 = Q/B from ingestion rate and Q/B mean from other models (Santos et al., 2001; Sidi & Guénette, 2004; Medina et al., 2007; Melgo et al., 2009; Morissette et al., 2010) in relation to its own biomass; 92 = Q/B mean from other models (Sidi & Guénette, 2004; Melgo et al., 2009; Morissette et al., 2010) in relation to its own biomass; 93 = Q/B mean from other models (Santos et al., 2001; Morissette et al., 2009, et al., 2010) in relation to its own biomass; 94 = Q/B from ingestion rate and Q/B mean from other models (Cheal & Gales, 1991; Sidi & Guénette, 2004; Melgo et al., 2009; Morissette et al., 2010) in relation to its own biomass; 95 = Q/B mean from other models (Sidi & Guénette, 2004; Melgo et al., 2009); 96 = Q/B from ingestion rate and Q/B mean from other models (Macpherson, 1983; Sidi & Guénette, 2004; Neira et al., 2004; Morissette et al., 2010) in relation to its own biomass; 97 = Q/B from ingestion rates and Q/B mean from other models (Prenski & Angelescu, 1993; Neira et al., 2004; Sidi & Guénette, 2004; Morissette et al., 2009; Morissette et al., 2010; Durbin et al., 1983) in relation to its own biomass; 98 = Q/B mean from other models (Sidi & Guénette, 2004; Medina et al., 2007; Melgo et al., 2009; Morissette et al., 2010) in relation to its own biomass; 99 = Q/B from other model (Pavés & González, 2008) in relation to its own biomass; 100 = Q/B from ingestion rates (McGurk, 1984; Angelescu & Anganuzzi, 1986) in relation to its own biomass; 101 = Q/B from ingestion rates (Walline, 1987) in relation to its own biomass; 102 = Q/B from ingestion rates (Suchman et al., 2008) in relation to its own biomass; 103 = Q/B from ingestion rates (Marshalonis & Pinckney, 2008) in relation to its own biomass; 104 = Q/B from ingestion rates (Scheinberg et al., 2005) in relation to its own biomass; 105 = Q/B from ingestion rates (Purcell & Kremer, 1983) in relation to its own biomass; 106 = Q/B averaged from Q/B of functional groups 23, 26, 28; 107 = Q/B from ingestion rates (Pavés & González, 2008) in relation to its own biomass; (copepods, 48.7 µgC indiv -1); 108 = Q/B from ingestion rates (Sánchez et al., 2011) in relation to its own biomass; 109 = Q/B from ingestion rates (Meyer et al., 2002; Irigoien et al., 2003) in relation to its own biomass. D) Non assimilated food 110 = Rosen et al. (2000); 111 = Gabrielsen & Brekke (1994); 112 = Williams et al. (2004); 113 = Hain et al. (1985); 114 = Christensen & Walter (2000); 115 = Govoni et al. (1986); 116 = Purcell (1983); 117 = UF averaged from UF functional groups 16 and 18; 118 = Reeve et al. (1978); 119 = Pavés & González (2008). E) %DOM and POC 120 = Assumed; 121 = Mean %DOM and POC from groups number 18 and 21; 122 = Mean %DOM and POC from groups number 16 and 18; 123 = From (Pavés & González, 2008); 124 = Assumed from functional groups, 26; 125 = Mean %DOM and POC from groups number 26 and 27; 126 = Assumed from functional groups, 30. Annex 2. Diet composition of the pelagic subweb of the Inner Sea of Chiloé (regular) and Moraleda Channel (in bold). 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 Otariidae 0.040 2 Aves 0.011 3 Orcinus orca 4 Mysticeti 0.010 5 Delphinidae 0.184 (0.183) 6 Gempylidae 0.032 0.026 0.001 0.033 (0.033) (0.025) (0.036) 7 Sciaenidae 0.324 0.063 0.030 0.067 0.015 (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) 8 Atherinopsidae 0.132 0.011 0.004 0.011 0.088 0.015 0.088 0.011 (0.012) (0.102) 9 Ophidiiformes 0.124 0.032 0.015 0.033 0.015 0.034 (0.148) (0.038) 10 Gadiformes (A) 0.211 0.133 0.173 0.043 0.082 0.048 0.015 0.212 0.111 0.078 (0.237) (0.195) (0.056) (0.100) (0.780) 11 Gadiformes (J-L) 0.021 0.013 0.017 0.004 0.008 0.005 0.003 (0.021) 0.557 0.057 0.008 (0.024) (0.006) (0.457) 12 Carangidae 0.046 0.007 0.031 0.052 0.058 0.033 0.015 0.079 0.011 (0.052) (0.034) (0.054) (0.059) (0.038) 13 Clupeiformes (J-A) 0.018 0.286 0.175 0.117 0.251 0.654 0.736 0.020 0.036 0.246 0.201 0.003 (0.146) (0.182) (0.116) (0.262) (0.679) 14 Clupeiformes (L) 0.002 0.001 0.048 0.011 0.149 15 Ichthyoplankton (L) 0.005 0.005 0.054 0.011 0.018 (0.002) 16 Scyphomedusae 0.005 17 Hydromedusae 0.005 18 Ctenophora 0.001 19 Appendicularia 0.025 0.017 0.051 0.051 (0.018) 20 Siphonophore 0.001 21 Salpida 0.010 0.008 0.007 0.001 22 Decapoda (L) 0.004 0.046 0.019 0.039 0.001 0.037 23 Euphausiacea 0.005 0.019 0.708 0.066 0.001 0.036 0.182 0.149 0.334 0.413 0.230 0.230 (0.446) 24 Chaetognatha 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 25 Cladocera 0.087 0.001 0.015 0.001 26 Copepoda calanoida 0.317 0.320 0.008 0.172 0.539 0.640 (0.328) (0.009) (0.125) 27 Copepoda cyclopoida 0.027 0.002 0.002 0.054 0.051 0.004 (0.016) (0.001) 28 Copepoda Nauplii (L) 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.087 0.001
29 Ciliophora 0.003 30 Micro Phytoplankton 0.050 0.005 31 Micro Flagellates 32 HNF 33 ANF 34 Bacteria 35 DOM 36 Detritus 0.001 0.001 37 Others 0.257 0.362 0.230 0.046 0.493 0.031 0.170 0.281 0.698 0.106 0.100 0.324 0.139 0.021 0.034 (0.393) (0.356) (0.263) (0.511) (0.040) (0.677) (0.217) (0.331) Sum 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Diet data for the group 1 from = George-Nascimento et al., 1985; Naya et al., 2000, et al., 2002; Szteren et al., 2004; Suárez et al., 2005; Vallejos, 2011; 2 = Arata & Xavier, 2003, Punta et al., 2003; Arata et al., 2004; Herling et al., 2005; Suazo, 2008; 3 = Pauly et al., 1998; Sidi & Guénette, 2004; Morissette et al., 2009; 4 = Pauly et al., 1998; Morissette et al., 2009; 5 = Pauly et al., 1995; Sidi & Guénette, 2004; Morissette et al., 2009; 6 = Acuña et al., 2007; Duarte et al., 2007; 7 = Oyarzún et al., 1999, 8 = Lucas, 1982; Cassemiro et al., 2003, Moncayo-Estrada et al., 2007; Contente et al., 2011; 9 = Nyegaard et al., 2004; Chong et al., 2006; 10 = Lillo et al., 2005; Córdova et al., 2006; Tascheri et al., 2006; Saavedra et al., 2007; 11 = Pillar & Barange, 1995; Valenzuela et al., 1995; Balbontín et al., 1997; Mahe et al., 2007; 12 = Medina & Arancibia, 2002; Jardas et al., 2004; 13 = Espinoza & Bertrand, 2008; Pavés & González, 2008; Prokopchuk, 2009; 14 = Fernández & González-Quirós, 2006; Morote et al., 2008; Prokopchuk, 2009; Morote et al., 2010; Sato et al., 2011; 15 = Valenzuela et al., 1995; Balbontín et al., 1997
Annex 2. Diet composition of the pelagic subweb continuation... 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 31 32 34 1 Otariidae 2 Aves 3 Orcinus orca 4 Mysticeti 5 Delphinidae 6 Gempylidae 7 Sciaenidae 8 Atherinopsidae 9 Ophidiiformes 10 Gadiformes (A) 11 Gadiformes (J-L) 0.033 0.038 0.001 (0.000) 12 Carangidae 13 Clupeiformes (J-A) 14 Clupeiformes (L) 0.033 0.038 0.001 (0.002) 15 Ichthyoplankton (L) 0.130 0.190 0.008 16 Scyphomedusae 0.012 17 Hydromedusae 0.041 0.012 0.005 0.015 18 Ctenophora 0.016 0.004 19 Appendicularia 0.009 0.110 0.010 (0.009) 20 Siphonophore 0.022 21 Salpida 0.023 22 Decapoda (L) 0.222 0.253 0.086 0.100 (0.083) 23 Euphausiacea 0.041 0.111 (0.108) 24 Chaetognatha 0.003 0.010 0.061 (0.057) 25 Cladocera 0.010 0.005 0.066 0.001 26 Copepoda calanoida 0.185 0.042 0.324 0.707 0.164 0.391 0.826 0.021 (0.333) (0.713) (0.183) (0.395) (0.839) (0.020) 27 Copepoda cyclopoida 0.064 0.039 0.127 0.015 0.036 0.006 0.025 0.005 (0.017) (0.003) (0.020) (0.002) 28 Copepoda Nauplii (L) 0.001 0.100 0.003 (0.007) 29 Ciliophora 0.044 0.042 0.005 0.219 0.424 0.181 0.455 0.366 0.001 30 Micro Phytoplankton 0.358 0.005 0.350 0.228 0.017 0.467 0.216 0.160 0.210 0.244 31 Micro Flagellates 0.088 0.648 0.100 0.026 0.034 0.089 0.117 0.186 0.097 0.456 32 HNF 0.107 0.091 0.005 0.049 0.287 0.058 0.067 0.044 0.224 0.155 33 ANF 0.340 0.205 0.005 0.077 0.238 0.161 0.090 0.242 0.377 0.145 34 Bacteria 0.057 0.009 0.005 0.005 0.090 1.000 35 DOM 1.000 36 Detritus 0.050 0.014 0.050 37 Others 0.141 0.526 0.286 0.006 0.008 0.050 0.003 0.063 0.002 0.001 (0.283) (0.002) (0.060) Sum 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 16 from = Uye & Shimauchi, 2005; Hansson, 2006, Carr & Pitt, 2008; Suchman et al., 2008; 17 = Purcell & Sturdevant, 2001; Costello & Colin, 2002; 18 = Larson, 1987; Purcell & Sturdevant, 2001; Pavez et al., 2006; 19 = Vargas & González, 2004; 20 = Purcell, 1982; Purcell & Kremer, 1983; 21 = Vargas & Madin, 2004; 22 = Harms et al., 1991; Jones et al., 1997; Anger, 2001; Ariza & Ouellet, 2009; 23 = Nakagawa et al., 2001; Nakagawa et al., 2004, Schmidt et al., 2006; Pavés & González, 2008; Sánchez et al., 2011; 24 = Feigenbaum & Maris, 1984; Baier & Purcell, 1997; Giesecke & González, 2004; 25 = Atienza et al., 2006; Sánchez et al., 2011; 26 = Kleppel, 1993; Klaas et al., 2008; Vargas et al., 2008; Sánchez et al., 2011; 27 = Vargas & González, 2004; Klaas et al., 2008; Vargas et al., 2008; Nishibe et al., 2010; 28 = Meyer et al., 2002; Irigoien et al., 2003; 29 = Bernard & Rassoulzadegan, 1990; Epstein et al., 1992; Vargas & González, 2004; 31 = Jeong et al., 2010a, et al., 2010b; 32 = Boenigk & Arndt, 2002; 34 = Pavés & González, 2008 Annex 3. Landing and discards input mean for Inner Sea of Chiloe (ISCh) and Moraleda Channel (MCh) during five years (2003, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009). The discards are only for the marine mammals and seabirds group.
Group name Clupeiforme Gillnet Long Mackerel Line hand Total s Purse- fishery line Purse-seine fishery seine fishery 1 Otariidae ISCh 0.0231 0. 2570a 0.1251 0.0031 0.1513 MCh 0.0002 0.0520 0.1382 0.00003 0.1904 2 Aves ISCh 0. 2790 b 0.2790 MCh 0.0560 0.0560 5 Delphinidae ISCh 0. 0090 c 0.0090 MCh 0.0180 0.0180 6 Gempylidae ISCh 0.6174d 0.1330 0.7504 MCh 0.0181 0.0010 0.0191 7 Sciaenidae ISCh 0.3460 0.4375e 0.0002 0.7837 MCh 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 8 Atherinopsidae ISCh 1.8050 0.0232 1.8282 MCh 0.5210 0.0002 0.5212 9 Ophidiiformes ISCh 1.6551 1.6551 MCh 0.4615 0.4615 10 Gadiformes ISCh 10.4220 10.4220 MCh 7.6760 7.6760 12 Carangidae ISCh 0.0042 20.3360 0.0092 20.3494 MCh 0.0031 0.1790 0.0001 0.1822 13 Clupeiformes ISCh 154.1680 3.7277 0.0010 157.8967 MCh 1.0980 0.0327 0.0000 1.1307 a = reduced value a 11% during biomass balancing (original value = 0. 2890) b = reduced value a 11% during biomass balancing (original value = 0. 3130) c = reduced value a 91% during biomass balancing (original l value = 0.1023) d = reduced value a 70% during biomass balancing (original value = 2.058) e= reduced value a 60% during biomass balancing (original value = 1.0937)
Landing information for Group 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, Landing i = Li * CCF / Area; Li = ton specie “i” (SERNAPESCA, 2003; SERNAPESCA, 2006; SERNAPESCA, 2007; SERNAPESCA, 2008, SERNAPESCA, 2009) for Gadiformes and Ophidiiformes, 26% of yearly total catch (SERNAPESCA, 2003; SERNAPESCA, 2006, SERNAPESCA, 2007; SERNAPESCA, 2008; SERNAPESCA, 2009) come from MCh or Inner Sea (Pool et al., 1997), for Clupeiformes data from 2003-2005 (SERNAPESCA, 2003; SERNAPESCA, 2004; SERNAPESCA, 2005); CFC = 6 2 6 2. Carbon FC (0.06 gC, Walsh, 1981); AreaMch = 8,263.0x10 m ; or AreaISCh = 9,675.0x10 m Discards information in Fisheries on Gempylidae (Acuña et al., 2007), Sciaenidae (Oyarzún et al., 1999), Atherinopsidae (Niklitschek et al., 2009), Ophidiiformes (Tascheri et al., 2003), Gadiformes (Lillo et al., 2005), Carangidae (Córdova et al., 2006; Acuña et al., 2007), Clupeiformes (Niklitschek et al., 2009). Discards information for Group 1, 2, 5 = HJPavés (unpublished data); Annex 4. Confidence intervals of the data used in the models estimated based on pedigree values. Pedigree index = 0.951.
Group name Biomas P/B Q/B Diet s 1 Otariidae 10 30 30 10 2 Aves 30 30 30 10 3 Orcinus orca 30 30 30 10 4 Mysticeti 30 30 30 10 5 Delphinidae 30 30 30 10 6 Gempylidae 50 30 30 10 7 Sciaenidae 50 30 30 10 8 Atherinopsidae 50 30 30 10 9 Ophidiiformes 50 30 30 10 10 Gad (A) 50 30 30 10 11 Gad (J-L) 80 30 30 10 12 Carangidae 50 30 30 10 13 Clup (J-A) 30 30 30 10 14 Clup (L) 30 30 30 10 15 Ichthyoplankton (L) 30 30 30 10 16 Scyphomedusae 30 30 30 10 17 Hydromedusae 10 30 30 10 18 Ctenophora 30 30 30 10 19 Appendicularia 30 30 30 10 20 Siphonophore 30 30 30 10 21 Salpida 10 30 30 10 22 Decapoda (L) 30 30 30 10 23 Euphausiacea 10 30 30 10 24 Chaetognatha 10 30 30 10 25 Cladocera 30 30 30 10 26 C. calanoida 10 30 30 10 27 C. cyclopoida 10 30 30 10 28 C. nauplii (L) 30 30 30 10 29 Ciliophora 30 30 30 10 30 Micro 10 30 30 10 phytoplankton 31 Micro flagellates 10 30 30 10 32 HNF 30 30 30 10 33 ANF 30 30 30 10 34 Bacteria 10 10 30 10 35 DOM 30 36 Detritus 10 References
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