1.) the Complex of DNA and Protein That Makes up a Eukaryotic Chromosome Is Properly Called

1.) The complex of DNA and protein that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome is properly called ______. a. A chromatid

b. A chloroplast c. Chromatin

d. A centrosome 2.) If an intestinal cell in a grasshopper contains 24 chromosomes, a grasshopper sperm cell would contain ______chromosomes a. 3

b. 6 c. 12

d. 24 e. 48

3.) Chromatids are ______. a. Held together by the centrioles

b. Identical copies of each other if they are part of the same chromosome c. The bacterical equivelent of aeukaryotic chromosomes

d. Composed of RNA 4.) At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes lined up in one plane in preparation for their separation to opposite poles of the cell? a. Prophase

b. Metaphase c. Anaphase

d. Telophase 5.) What is a locus?

a. The precise location of a gene on a chromosome

b. A structure that appears during prophase I and consists of 2 paired genes c. The precise DNA sequence of a gene d. A cell with two chromosome sets

6.) Sister chromatids ______. a. Are only involved in mitosis

b. Are pairs of chromosomes, one of which comes from the father and the other from the mother

c. Are identical copies of each other formed during DNA synthesis d. Have the same gene loci but may have different alleles of some genes

e. Are only involved in meiosis 7.) Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct? a. They have genes for the same traits at the same loci

b. They pair up in prophase II c. They are found in haploid cells

d. A and C 8.) Synapsis occurs during ______.

a. Anaphase I b. Prophase I

c. Prophase II d. Metaphase I

9.) Which of the following occurs during anaphase II? a. Homologs separate and migrate towards opposite poles.

b. Sister chromatids separate and migrate towards opposite poles c. Nuclei re-form

d. Chromosomes line up in one place 10.) Which of the following occurs during anaphase I?

a. Homologs separate and migrate towards opposite poles. b. Sister chromatids separate and migrate towards opposite poles

c. Nuclei re-form to create 4 haploid cells d. Chromosomes line up in one place

11.) A=big apples, R=red apples, a=small, and r=yellow. You have one tree that produces big yellow apples and another tree that produces small red apples. When the two are crossed, you find that half of the new trees produce big red apples and half produce big yellow apples. What are the genotypes of the parents? a. AArr and aaRr

b. Aarr and aaRr c. AARr and Aarr

d. Aar and AaRr e. AaRr and aarr

12.) Physically, what are different alleles? a. Different DNA sequences found at the same locus on sister chromatids

b. Different particles found in gametes c. Different phenotypes for a particular character

d. Different DNA sequences found at the same locus on homologous chromosomes

13.) Pea plants are tall if they have the genotype TT or Tt, and they are short if they have the genotype tt. A tall plant is mated with a short plant. Which outcome indicated that the tall parent plant was heterozygous? a. All the offspring are short

b. All the offspring are tall c. The ratio of tall offspring to short is 3:1

d. The ratio of tall offspring to short is 1:1 14.) If the two traits that Mendel looked at in his dihybrid cross of smooth yellow peas with wrinkled green peas had been controlled by genes that were located near each other on the same chromosome, then the F2 generation ______. a. Would have contained four phenotypes in a 9:3:3:1 ratio

b. Would have contained only individuals that were heterozygous at both loci c. Would have deviated from the 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio

d. Would have contained no individuals that were heterozygous at both loci.

15.) The law of independent assortment ______. a. States that the alleles at different loci segregate independently from one another during a dyhibrid cross b. Can account for a 9:3:3:1 ratio seen in the F2 generation

c. Applies only to genes that are present on different chromosomes d. The first and second answers are correct

e. The first, second, and third answer are correct 16.) If a heterozygous plant is allowed to self-pollinate, what proportion of the offspring will also be heterozygous? a. ¼

b. 1/3 c. ½

d. 2/3 17.) A red bull is crossed with a white cow and all of the offspring are roan, and intermediate color. This is an example of ______. a. Controlled by multiple alleles

b. Codominance c. Polygenic

d. Complete dominance 18.) A woman with type O blood is expecting a child. Her husband is type A. Both the woman’s father and her husband’s father has type B blood. What is the probability that the child will have type O blood?

a. 100% b. 75%

c. 50% d. 25% e. 0%

19.) In people with sickle-cell disease, red blood cells break down, clump, and clog the blood vessels. This leads to physical weakness, heart failure, joint pain, and brain damage. Such a suite of symptoms can be explained by: a. The polygenic nature of sickle-cell disease

b. The pleiotropic effects of the sickle-cell allele c. A bacterial infection interacting with the sickle-cell allele

d. Side effects of the drug used to cure this disease 20.) The chromosome theory of inheritance states that ______.

a. Genes occupy specific positions on chromosomes b. Homologous chromosomes segregate from each other during meiosis

c. Chromosomes assort independently during meiosis d. The first, second, and third answers are correct

21.) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Discovery Science? a. Careful observation of nature b. Data may be qualitative or quantitative c. Determined by conducting experiments d. May focus on current phenomena or historical events 22.) Which of the following describes hypothesis-based science? a. Focuses on explaining nature b. Focuses on describing nature c. Involves the testing of a hypothesis d. A and C 23.) When in the cell cycle is the genome (DNA) replicated? a. Prophase b. Prometaphase c. S stage d. DNA is replicated constantly throughout the cell cycle 24.) What is crossing over associated with? a. Synapsis b. Metaphase I c. Chiasmata d. A and C e. None of the above 25.) Which of the following is a false statement about linked genes? a. Are located on the same chromosome b. Do not separate independently in gamete formation c. Separate independently in gamete formation d. Tend to be inherited together e. C & D 26.) Which statement accurately describes recombination frequency? a. The more frequently recombination happens between two genes, the closer together the loci are b. The more frequently recombination happens between two genes, the farther apart the loci are c. The frequency of recombination has nothing to do with the distance between two genes on a chromosome d. None of the above 27.) Upon arriving on Pluto, you discover a new race of aliens. You observe that Plutonions range from having no orange spots at all to being almost completely covered in orange spots, with a whole spectrum of orange-spottedness in between. Assuming the Plutonions are a sexually reproducing diploid species, which of the following is a reasonable guess concerning the inheritance pattern of the orange spot trait? a. Incomplete Dominance b. Pleiotropy c. Polygenetic Inheritance d. Multiple alleles

1. Gregor Mendel was a(n) ______Monk who studied ______in pea plants and started the field of genetics with a paper published in ______. a) Austrian, chromosomes, 1865 b) German, chromosomes, 1890 c) Austrian, inheritance, 1890 d) Austrian, inheritance, 1865 e) German, inheritance, 1890

2. How many different gametes can be produced for an organism containing 6 pairs of homologous chromosomes (2N = 12)?

3. What is the definition of the following terms? a) Genotype – b) Phenotype – c) Homozygous – d) Heterozygous –

4. Chromosomes are ______during interphase and ______during karyokinesis. a) Condensed, Extended b) Extended, Condensed c) Straight, Bent d) Bent, Straight

5. What are the three phases of interphase? If a cell is not in interphase, what phase of the cell cycle must it be in?

6. Cell division requires the division of two things in the cell. What are the names of the two processes of division that occur in order for a cell to divide (Both occur in both mitosis and meiosis)?

7. A gene that affects more than one phenotypic trait is said to be a) Dominant b) Wild type c) Dihybrid d) Pleiotropic e) Heterozygous

8. During which phase of cellular division does Mendel’s law of segregation physically occur? a) Mitosis b) Meiosis I c) Meiosis II d) A and B only

9. Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait. If a woman who is a carrier for the trait has a child with a man who does not have hemophilia, what is the possibility that the child will be a boy with hemophilia? A child without hemophilia?

10. A tall pea plant (T) is dominant over a dwarfed plant (t) and green pea color (y) is recessive to yellow pea color (Y) and the loci of each character is on different chromosomes. What is the expected genotypic ratio and phenotypic ratio of a cross between a homozygous short, heterozygous yellow plant and heterozygous tall, homozygous green plant?

11. A tall pea plant (T) is dominant over a dwarfed plant (t) and green pea color (y) is recessive to yellow pea color (Y) and the loci of each character is on different chromosomes. What is the chance that 2 heterozygous tall and yellow plants when crossed will have a tall, green offspring?

12. During a ______cross, an individual with the dominant phenotype and unknown genotype is crossed with a ______individual to determine the unknown genotype. a) Monohybrid, homozygous recessive b) Dihybrid, heterozygous c) Test, homozygous dominant d) Monohybrid, homozygous dominant e) Test, homozygous recessive

13. The allele which is most common is the ______allele. a) Dominant b) Wild type c) Recessive d) Pleiotropic e) Heterozygous

14. What are the five phases of mitosis and briefly describe what occurs at each phase?

Define genome Name one thing that DNA provides templates for Name two of the three important roles of cell division True or false: Binary Fission produces two genetically unique cells Name the process by which single-celled eukaryotic organisms produce genetically identical copies of themselves How many daughter cells are formed in mitosis? What is the ploidy of the daughter cells produced by mitosis? What is a chromosome? Why does DNA coil? What does it coil around? What specific subphase of interphase does DNA duplicate in? How is a sister chromatid different from a chromosome? How is it the same? How do chromatids stay connected to each other before anaphase? What are the two parts to eukaryotic cell division? Name all three subphases of interphase Name all six stages of the cell cycle for mitosis Name one thing that happens in Prophase? Name one thing that happens in Prometaphase? Name on thing that happens in Metaphase Name one thing that happens in Anaphase Name one thing that happens in Telophase Where is the restriction point checkpoint in the cell cycle? What does the G2 checkpoint check for? What does the M checkpoint do? When does M checkpoint happen in mitosis? What relation do cancer cells have to checkpoints? Name one potential cause of cancer What are the two different kinds of tumors? What kind of tumor exhibits metastasis? What is the study of heredity and heredity variation? Define gene Why is DNA essential for life? What are the reproductive cells that transmit genes from one generation to the next? True or false: gametes are found in plants AND animals How do sexually reproducing organisms produce offspring that are both similar to the parents, but are also genetically distinct from the parents? Why is sexual reproduction important? True or false: meiosis doubles the amount of chromosomes True or false: before anaphase I in meiosis, the amount of DNA is doubled How many chromosomes does a diploid human cell have? In most animals, what cells are the only haploid cells? Complete the sentence: meiosis I separates ______and meiosis II separates ______. The end product of meiosis is how many daughter cells? Meiosis divides cells so that each resulting daughter cell has ____amount of the original DNA? Meiosis divides cells so that each resulting daughter cell has ____amount of chromosomes? When does synapsis occur? Define synapsis How are chiasma and crossing over different? How are they related? Why does crossing over occur, and what is the resulting chromosome called after crossing over? What is Mendel’s law of separation? What is Mendel’s law of independent assortment? What is a test cross? What is the F1 generation? Define dihybrid cross Why was Mendel lucky? What was one of the three important choices that Mendel made when he set up his experiment? True or false: alternative versions of genes account for variations in inherited characters? How many alleles does an organism inherit for a given character? True or false: Alleles can be dominant or recessive only? What is an example of a trait that has multiple alleles? What is pleiotropy?