Chapter 13 Review: DNA Technology and Genetic Engineering

Name: ____KEY______

1. Define recombinant DNA DNA that results from the joining of DNA from two different sources 2. What is PCR? Process that quickly produces many copies of DNA (amplifies) 3. What is used to separate molecules of Gel electrophoresis DNA based on size? 4. What size molecules move Smaller DNA fragments move towards faster/farther? positive end 5. What is used to cut DNA? Restriction enzymes

6. What do the bands in a gel consists of? DNA fragments

7. What is a DNA fingerprint? DNA fragments are different for each individual (unless an identical twin), can allow investigators to distinguish DNA of different people 8. What are some uses of DNA Paternity, identifying remains, tracing fingerprinting? origin, criminal evidence… 9. Everyone except ______has a Identical twins different DNA fingerprint. 10. What are circular pieces of DNA often Plasmids – replicate with cell, often used as found in bacteria (not part of vectors (gene carriers) chromosome)? 11. What is cloning? An exact copy of a DNA segment /cell (example when bacteria containing recombinant DNA replicate) 12. What are the steps involved in cloning? Zap nucleus of egg cell, insert/fuse skin cell from organism you are cloning into enucleated egg cell, implant embryo 13. Define bioethics. Study of ethical issues related to DNA technology 14. What are VNTR? Variable number tandem repeats, analysis used for DNA fingerprinting 15. What are the different lengths of Length polymorphisms noncoding DNA called? 16. What is a genome? An organism’s collection of genes

17. Why don’t vaccines make you sick? Made from weakened/dead form of the pathogen, stimulate antibody production but will not make you sick 18. What is it called when you treat a genetic disorder by Gene Therapy – treat genetic disorders by introducing a gene into a cell or by correcting a gene transferring normal gene into cells that lack defect in a cell’s genome? them; replacement gene is expressed in person’s cell 19. What percentage of our genetic makeup 98%, therefore 2% codes for proteins does not code for protein? 20. Define genetic engineering. Process of altering the genetic material of cells or organisms to allow them to make new substances 21. How do DNA fingerprints differ from DNA fingerprints are created in the lab by actual fingerprints? putting an individual’s DNA through gel electrophoresis. Actual fingerprints are marks left on an object by an individual. There is a much lower probability that two individuals will share the same DNA (unless they are identical twins). 22. What is a gene of interest? A segment of one species’ DNA that scientists wish to insert into another species’ DNA 23. What are some agricultural uses of Increasing the amount of food a crop will genetic engineering? yield, making plants resistant to certain diseases and to herbicides, and making plants more tolerant to environmental conditions

Diagrams – Explain what’s going on in each of the following 4 diagrams

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Gel Electrophoresis

Creating Recombinant DNA

DNA Fingerprints