Review Sheet for Major Test on the Human Body/Physiology

NAME ______DATE ______PERIOD ______PHYSIO409REV.WKT

REVIEW SHEET FOR MAJOR TEST ON THE HUMAN BODY/PHYSIOLOGY

NERVOUS SYSTEM – CHAPTER 35

You Should Know:

1) The structure of a neuron – be able to label the parts and list the functions 2) What happens when an action potential occurs. 3) What the concept of threshold means in terms of action potentials. 4) What happens when an impulse reaches a synapse and how neurotransmitters work. 5) Of what the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system consist. 6) How White Matter Differs from Gray Matter 7) The function of the: Meninges Cerebrospinal Fluid Cerebrum Corpus Callosum Medulla Oblongata Pons Thalamus Cerebellum Hypothalamus 8) The difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems 9) The difference between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. 10) What a reflex is 11) The difference between the sensory division and the motor division of the nervous system.

CIRCULATION AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS – CHAPTER 37

You Should Know:

1) All of the parts of the heart and their functions. (Be able to label a human heart) 2) The path of the blood through the human body. 3) The difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation. 4) The role of the sinoatrial node in the heart. 5) The name of the device used to measure blood pressure. 6) What atherosclerosis is. 7) The path of the air from the mouth to the capillaries next to the lungs and back out of the mouth. 8) The role of cilia and mucus in respiration. 9) The role of the diaphragm in respiration. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM – CHAPTER 38

You Should Know:

1) The path of the food from the mouth through the body to the anus. 2) The location of the organs in the digestive system if given a diagram. 3) The role of saliva and amylase in digestion. 4) How peristalsis aids digestion. 5) The roles of the cardiac and pyloric sphincters in digestion. 6) The roles of pepsin, trypsin, NaHCO3, bile, lipase, protease, and HCl in digestion. 7) The roles of the liver, pancreas, and gall bladder in digestion. 8) The role of villi in the small intestine. 9) The main role of the small and large intestines in digestion.

EXCRETORY SYSTEM – CHAPTER 38 You should know:

1) The role of the kidneys in the human body. 2) The locations of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra in a diagram 3) The structure of the kidney and nephron including the renal cortex, renal medulla, renal artery, renal vein, glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, Loop of Henle, and collecting duct. 4) The roles of the glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, Loop of Henle, and collecting duct in the nephron. 5) How kidneys stones form 6) The role of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) in regulating osmotic balance in the kidney.

ENDOCRINE AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS – CHAPTER 39

You should know:

1) What is meant by the endocrine system. 2) What a hormone is and what target cells are. 3) The difference between endocrine glands and exocrine glands. 4) The functions of the endocrine glands on page 998. 5) How the endocrine system maintains homeostasis. 6) The names and functions of the hormones of the pituitary gland. (p. 1004) Hint: Remember “MAP TO FLAG” M = Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone A = Adrenocorticotropic Hormone P = Prolactin

T = Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone O= Oxytocin

F = FSH L = LH A = Antidiuretic Hormone G = Growth Hormone

7) The functions of the hormones of the adrenal glands. 8) The functions of the pancreas. 9) How the hypothalamus is an important part of the endocrine and nervous systems. 10) The major organs involved in the reproductive systems of the human male and female. (pp. 1010, 1012) 11) What happens during each of the phases of the menstrual cycle. IMMUNE SYSTEM – CHAPTER 40 You should know:

1) What happens during the first and second lines of defense  Included in this are the roles of the skin, mucous membranes, lysozyme, phagocytes, macrophages, interferon, and histamine. 2) The difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity (third line of defense) 3) How an antibody is structured. 4) The difference between acquired immunity and passive immunity. 5) How vaccines work.