Mrs. Pennington S Module 5 Note-Taking Guide

Mrs. Pennington’s Module 5 Note-taking Guide

(note: this guide is meant to enhance your comprehension as you read and also to help make sure that you don’t miss any of the important links embedded in the lesson! Feel free to print this out and put it in a notebook.)

Task #1: Go to the discussion board (a button on the left of your screen underneath the email button) and post a message to let other students know that you are ready and willing to be their partner for the module 6 collaborative project.

Cells are the basic ______of ______that make up ______

______. Cells perform all the work living things need to ______. Cells work with other ______to perform ______.

4 Special Characteristics all living things must share in order to be considered “alive”

Click on these numbers in the lesson and finish the following statements:

#1: All living things are able to ______

#2: All living things control ______

#3: All living things organize ______#4 All living things ______

Unicellular organisms are those that ______

Ex: ______

Multicellular organisms are those that ______

Ex: ______

Fill out the Study guide below as you take the Cell Tour:

05.01 The Cell - Cell Study Guide You may use the stop button on the lower left hand side of the interactive at any time. To begin playing again you will need to click the large forward arrow. Structures that perform all of the tasks that keep an organism alive are called______. The tasks that the cell performs include: 1. 2. 3. 4. On the right hand side of this chart you will fill in the name of the organelle described that performs the job listed on the left hand side of the chart.

Organelle Job that it performs in the cell

The jellylike substance that fills the cell. Organelles float in this.

The cell’s command center that directs all of the cells activities. Contains genetic information.

Provides the energy for the cell. They use oxygen taken in by the cell to release energy.

Packages and transports material within the cell.

Builds proteins

Processes materials for storage or to be transported out of the cell.

Store and transport materials.

Contain chemicals that break down substances in the cell.

Protective covering that separates the cell from its outside environment.

The nucleus:

Function: ______

Location: ______

DNA stands for: ______and makes up

______.

The Majority of a cell’s life is spent in ______.

Cell division takes place in 4 steps or phases that occur after ______. Interphase:

Prophase:

Metaphase:

Anaphase:

Telophase:

Centrioles are organelles found inside the cell that help with Mitosis. These helpers serve as

______

______after they divide. Centrioles help to move chromosomes to the otherside of the cell.

Comprehension check:

Why do cells divide?

What is Interphase? What are the steps of Mitosis?

Meiosis allows for:

______

The sex cells that males produce is called the ______.

The sex cells that females produce is called the ______. Without Meiosis, we would not have the ______of organisms we have today.

On the next page, you will see Meiosis, Meiosis I and Meiosis 2. Click on each of those to answer the next three questions.

Summarize what is happening in the picture above:

Summarize what is happening in the picture above: Summarize what is happening in the picture above:

What do we find in the water off of Boulder Beach? ______

Why is the population of Penguins declining? ______

Fill out (pencil over) the above. The activity will self correct. This is a great study tool!

Complicated organisms usually reproduce by ______. Single celled organisms or simple organisms usually reproduce by ______with a process called ______.

Explain the process of budding: ______.

List two advantages of asexual reproduction: ______

List two disadvantages of asexual reproduction: ______

What is fertilization? ______

What happens to the millions of sperm that do not fertilize the egg? ______

The majority of complex organisms reproduce ______. The result of this type of reproduction is ______among species. That is the organisms of a population that reproduce sexually have a combination of ______passed down from parents.

Complete the self check and then add the correct answers below:

This form of reproduction is dependent upon the process of meiosis: ______

This form of reproduction creates exact copies of the parent: ______

Fission and Budding are examples of this type of reproduction: ______

This type of reproduction creates variety in populations: ______The ability to reproduce many young quickly is an example of: ______

Sperm and eggs combine in the process of: ______

______are structures found in a cell’s nucleus (center) and are made of ______. Chromosomes ______and______during mitosis and meiosis. A sex cell created by meiosis, either sperm or egg, has ______the ______of chromosomes as the parent cell. When sex cells join, they create new cells with half the chromosomes from each individual and therefore, a ______of ______from each parent.

1. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. This material is found in ______

______. DNA tells the cell how ______and also determines the ______of an individual.

2. DNA is made of ______(the two long units you see) and are bonded together. These two strands twist to form DNA. This structure resembles a ladder and is called a ______. 3. Traits are ______or characteristics of individuals. Traits are things we are able to see like: hair color, eye color, or behavior.

4. Genes are ______of ______which contain ______for each specific trait an individual possesses. A person inherits different genes from each parent. An individual may resemble their parents because of their inherited genes.

Write the descriptions of the following words on the lines. The descriptions can be found by rolling your mouse over the inverted pyramid.

Nucleotides:

______

Genes:

______Chromosomes: ______

Define the following words:

Genetics: ______

Polygenic: ______

Complete the self check in the lesson and then record it here:

How do Lions and Elephants show patterns of inheritance? ______

Genotype describes the ______of an individual. A person’s genotype tells us exactly what ______. You cannot see someone’s genetic makeup. Genotypes are ______.

Phenotypes are the ______of an individual which the individual’s genes have expressed.

Gregor Mendel

Why is Gregor Mendel sometimes considered to be the King of Inheritance?

______

What is an Allele? ______

What is Incomplete Dominance? ______

Polygenetic means: ______

This accounts for the variety of traits we see in organisms like the pea plant.

What is Co-Dominance? ______5 toes = Dominant allele (T)

4 toes = Recessive allele (t)

Look at the picture of the Elephant family. If I told you that the mother elephant has four toes, and the father elephant has four, could you predict what their baby elephants would have? Roll your mouse over the picture and explain your answer here: ______

What is a Punnet Square? ______

Why would we want to use a Punnet Square? ______

Read down the page to see how we would use Punnet Squares to predict the genotypes of the baby elephants, then complete the activity below to practice what you have learned.

Explore a combination with one parent having the genotype Ee (detached earlobes) and the other parent having the genotype ee (attached earlobes).

Remember that: e E = detached earlobes e = attached earlobes e

What percent chance does the offspring have of having the phenotype of attached earlobes?

What percent chance does an offspring have of possessing the phenotype of detached earlobes?

Check your answers by clicking on the check answer button.

The family tree below shows the family history of a certain kind of dog.

This tree shows what kind of color and hair type runs in the dog’s family. This chart is used to show ______of specific traits. We call this type of chart a Pedigree Chart. Pedigree Charts are popular tools used by dog and horse breeders.

We also use pedigree charts to ______the ______that a parent will pass a specific gene on to their child.

One disease that is of great concern for certain populations is ______. This disease causes an individual to make abnormal red blood cells shaped like a sickle.

Sickle Cell Anemia is a ______allele, so in the presence of the dominant allele (for the normal cell), the individual will not have the disease. However, if an individual inherits ______alleles, they will have the disease.

What is the purpose of a pedigree chart? ______What are Scientists predicting may happen to Africa by 2025? ______

How are bananas, tomatoes and cows possible solutions to this problem? ______

What is Bioengineering? ______

Describe Cloning here: ______Describe Artificial Selection here: ______

Describe Genetic Engineering here: ______

How is the Labradoodle an example of Artificial Selection? ______How is the sheep an example of cloning? ______

What is a disadvantage of cloning? ______

What are some advantages to Genetic Engineering? ______

What are some disadvantages to Genetic Engineering? ______