Round 13 by Jonathan Magin s1

Round 10 By David Vatz, Brittany Clark, John Kubicek, Jonathan Magin, Casey Retterer

1) He committed suicide in 1954 by biting into a cyanide-coated apple, four years after his paper “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” appeared in the journal Mind. Along with Alonzo Church, he demonstrated the unsolvability of the halting problem, and he also built Colossus, the world’s first electronic digital computer. FTP, name this English computer scientist more famous for a namesake test that determines whether a computer program has intelligence. ANSWER: Alan Mathison Turing

2) She broke onto the tennis circuit after winning two junior doubles events in the French and U.S. Open in 1998. In her first Grand Slam final, she lost to Jennifer Capriati in the 2001 French Open, and then lost her next three Grand Slam finals to Justine Henin- Hardenne. In 2005, she defeated Mary Pierce in the U.S. Open final to claim her first Grand Slam title, defeating Serena Williams along the way. FTP, name this Belgian tennis star who lost two finals in 2006 to Amelie Mauresmo. ANSWER: Kim Clijsters

3) He left the Moscow Conservatory to go to the University of Marburg, and upon returning to Moscow in 1914, he wrote a collection of poetry called My Sister Life, but it wasn’t published until 1921. He also wrote a collection of poems entitled Second Birth in 1932. Since he didn’t agree with Communist ideas, he didn’t publish his own works, including his famed work that got smuggled out of the country in 1957. FTP, name this man who did not accept his Nobel Prize in 1958, the author of Doctor Zhivago. ANSWER: Boris Pasternak

4) Only three craters larger than five kilometers have ever been found on its surface, and it is primarily composed of silicate rock. The probe Galileo found that it has a thin outer layer of ice, under which there may be a layer of liquid water as much as fifty kilometers deep. Named after a Phoenician princess abducted by Zeus and taken to Crete, name, FTP, this smallest Galilean moon, the fourth largest moon of Jupiter. ANSWER: Europa

5) Her first marriage was to Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, consul to Tiberius, but died shortly thereafter in 40CE. During the brief marriage, she gave birth to Lucius before marrying Claudius, whom she persuaded to adopt her son and put him in the line of succession. FTP, name this woman whom legend states opened her clothes so Nero’s soldiers could stab the belly that housed such a terrible man. ANSWER: Agrippina the Younger

6) As a child, actress Kathryn Joosten was his babysitter and Mr. T moved into his neighborhood. After both his parents died within several months of each other, he moved to California with his brother Christopher. He helped in the start up of Might magazine and auditioned to be on The Real World. Now he spends his time teaching writing in San Francisco and as an editor for McSweeneys. FTP, name this author of A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius. ANSWER: David Eggers

7) One true story about him is that when he wanted a Nazi flag removed from Christiansborg Castle he removed it himself after the presiding Nazi officer said that whoever did so would be shot. In Lois Lowry’s Number the Stars, one apocryphal story about him riding around without a bodyguard was repeated. The story that he wore a Star of David is somewhat apocryphal since Jews in his country did not have to wear one. FTP, identify this King of Denmark during World War II. ANSWER: Christian X

8) This religion contains “Four Affirmations”, which include a love of nature and physical cleanliness. Their sacred texts include the Kojiki and the Nihongi, and their creation myth states that a god thrust a jeweled spear into the ocean, creating a series of islands. That god, Izanagi, then gave birth to Susanoo and the sun goddess Ameratsu, who is this religion’s most revered kami, or divinity. Established as its country of origin’s state religion after the Meiji Restoration, FTP, identify this Japanese religion. ANSWER: Shintoism

9) On the right, the artist of this painting portrays himself next to Zoroaster, who holds a celestial globe. On the left, Averroes looks intently at a man writing in a book, while Epicurus puts his hands on a bowl of wine. The painting also depicts figures such as Bramante and Michelangelo, who respectively look like Euclid and Heraclitus. Centering on the two central figures of Plato and Aristotle, FTP, name this Raphael painting that shows famous philosophers of the ancient world all gathered in the titular Greek city. ANSWER: The School of Athens or La Scuola di Atene

10) While later editions included traditional illustrations, the first edition published in 1902 included woodcuts by the author himself. “How the First Letter was Written” and “How the Alphabet was Made” are the only two without an animal in the title. Most of them are told to a character named Best Beloved who learns that Ethiopians will not change their skin, and that leopards will not change their spots. FTP, name this collection full of fanciful explanations of natural phenomena written by Rudyard Kipling. ANSWER: Just So Stories

11) Two key components to this classification are the ability to establish a breeding population without human intervention and then wide spreading. The Drooping Brome in Western North America affects grazing animals, and the European Green Crab is altering Bodega Harbor. FTP, the Cane Toads of Australia and kudzu of the United States are classic examples of these types of introduced or non-indigenous species. ANSWER: Invasive species (prompt on introduced or non-indigenous before given)

12) Life is getting worse for all of the little ones, the bigger ones are in their starched white shirts and in their eyes there’s something lacking, and what they need is to be struck, apparently. The cannibalism in the song could be a reference to how the upper class, that is, the bigger one, survives off of the lower class, the little ones, thus their using forks and knives to eat their bacon. FTP, identify this song from the White Album about animals. ANSWER: “Piggies”

13) In the beginning of it, Woglinde, Wellgunde and Flosshilde sing and play with each other and mock the advances of the dwarf Alberich, who then decides steal their treasure. He then forces his brother Mime [Mi-meh] to create the Tarnhlem. The 136-bar prelude that opens it is meant to represent the eternal, unchanging motions of the river. FTP, identify this Wagner opera, the first of his tetrad the Der Ring des Nibelungen. ANSWER: Das Rheingold (The Rhine Gold)

14) His wife died less than a year after their marriage from yellow fever. For a short while afterward he worked for Napoleon and would return to Europe in 1810 on a diplomatic mission. It was as a military leader that he gained his fame, leading the Admirable Campaign against Spain. A failed assassination attempt in 1828 left him rattled, and he resigned his presidency in 1830, but he is still celebrated in South America as one of its greatest political leaders. FTP, name his man known as the Liberator who has a country named after him. ANSWER: Simon Bolivar

15) Somewhat infamous for its inclement weather, it is cloud covered 355 days a year, on average, but that doesn’t stop the 100,000 plus people who ascend it every year, as it is one third of the Three Peaks Challenge. Only a handful people have died ascending it, most from rock-climbing accidents. One of the 284 Munros, identify, FTP, this Scottish Mountain, the highest peak in the British Isles. ANSWER: Ben Nevis

16) His favorite actor is Gary Cooper, who he admires for being the strong, silent type. Most recently, he has adopted the alias of Kevin Finnerty. Barbara and Janice are his two sisters and his mother, Livia, passed away at the start of the third season. Members of his other family include Paulie Walnuts and Silvio Dante, who operates the Bada Bing club. FTP, name this character from an HBO television series played by James Gandolfini. ANSWER: Tony Soprano

17) Opening in 1953, this play ran 197 times on Broadway, prolonged only by the acceptance of a pay cut by the actors. Its author never claimed that it was historically accurate, as he changed the female antagonist’s age from 11 to 17 for an added romantic element. He also never denied that it was to be a parallel to the Second Red Scare in the U.S. and the actions of the House Un-American Activities Committee. FTP, name this Arthur Miller play based on the 1692 Salem Witch trials. ANSWER: The Crucible

18) In Greek myth, he was the king of Corinth and, on his deathbed, asked his wife, Merope, not to make a sacrifice to the dead. This allowed him to plead with Hades to return and reason with her, and his subsequent binding of Thanatos, which prevented others from dying as well, is what led to his eventual punishment. FTP, name this Greek figure forced to forever push a stone up a hill. ANSWER: Sisyphus

19) The court’s 7 to 2 decision was handed down on February 24, 1969 by Justices Hugh Black and John Marshall Harlan II. Black dissented because he didn’t believe that disruptive symbolic speech was constitutionally protected by the First Amendment. Holding that the First Amendment applied to public schools this is, FTP, this Iowa school First Amendment case involving students wearing black armbands to the Vietnam War. ANSWER: Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District

20) Most often used to describe the decahydrate form, this chemical compound also comes in anhydrous and pentahydrate varieties. It occurs naturally in evaporate deposits produced by the repeated evaporation of seasonal lakes, and is often an ingredient in welding and soldering flux. FTP, identify this important Boron compound used widely in soaps, pesticides, disinfectants and detergents. ANSWER: Borax

Bonuses:

1) Give some information about the pillars of Islam, 5-10-15. [5] Salat is the pillar involving the performance of this action five times a day at prescribed times. ANSWER: Prayer (accept word forms) [10] This fifth pillar is the obligation of all Muslims who have the means to travel to the holy city of Mecca during their life. ANSWER: Hajj [15] Zakat is the pillar of Islam which translates as this and involves giving 2.5% of one's savings to the poor and the needy in society. ANSWER: Alms-giving (or tithe or tax; do not accept "giving to the poor")

2) This is a bonus / Of Japanese poetry / Five, ten, and fifteen: [5] F5P, if you listened to the syllables, you would’ve noticed that the introduction to this bonus was an example of this simple poetic form. ANSWER: Haiku [10] FTP, this 17th century Edo-period poet is considered the man who brought the haiku to prominence. ANSWER: Basho Matsuo (or Kinsaku Matsuo) [10] F15P, most of Basho’s haikus were actually the first three lines of this longer collaborative form which alternates haikus with pairs of lines that have seven syllables each. ANSWER: Renga

3) Identify the year these American financial panics occurred FTPE, or F5PE if within 2. [10] The Dow Jones plummeted by 21 percent on Black Thursday, frequently cited as the beginning of the Great Depression. ANSWER: 1929 (1927-1931) [10] The speculative failure of the Northern Pacific Railroad caused the bankruptcy of Jay Cooke and Co., which resulted in the collapse of the US economy, casting a shadow over Ulysses Grant’s second term. ANSWER: 1873 (1871-1875) [10] After many banks suspended the payment of specie, nearly half the banks in the US failed, causing a five-year economic depression not helped by Martin Van Buren’s deflationary policies. ANSWER: 1837 (1835-1839)

4) Have you been taking your vitamins lately? If not, identify these diseases FTPE and you might change your mind. [10] Mostly caused by a lack of vitamin D, either from poor diet or not enough sunlight, this disease, characterized by bowed legs, can impair growth and cause fractures. ANSWER: Rickets (or Osteomalacia) [10] Is you’re lacking in vitamin B1 (thiamine), you’re probably eating too much polished white rice and experiencing this nervous system ailment characterized by Wernicke’s encephalopathy, weight loss and emotional disturbances. ANSWER: Beriberi [10] Niacin, vitamin B3, is essential if you want to avoid this disease, which has symptoms that include dermatitis, insomnia, diarrhea and high sensitivity to sunlight. ANSWER: Pellagra

5) Answer the following about an art exhibit FTPE. [10] This underground gallery of Asian art, and one of the two National Museums of Asian Art, is connected to the Freer Gallery. ANSWER: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery [10] The Sackler Gallery is currently displaying an exhibit of more than 180 paintings, prints, drawings and printed books by this Japanese artist often associated with his series “Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji.” ANSWER: Hokusai Katsushika [10] Hokusai is one of the more famous practitioners of this style of painting, which translates as “pictures of the floating world.” ANSWER: Ukiyo-e

6) Several of the DC Metro stops are named after famous people. Given clue, name the famous person. 5-10-15. [5] This 34th President was also the Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Europe and was the first Supreme Commander of NATO in 1949. ANSWER: Dwight David Eisenhower (for Eisenhower Ave. on the Yellow Line) [10] This Admiral fought at Mobile Bay and is famous for his order “Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!” ANSWER: David Farragut (Farragut West (Blue, Orange) and Farragut North (Red)) [15] This French-born man served on George Washington’s staff during the Revolutionary War and designed Washington, D.C. ANSWER: Pierre Charles L’Enfant (for the Blue, Orange, Green and Yellow lines hub, L’Enfant Plaza) 7) FTPE, name these novels from their beginning or ending lines. You’ll get five points if you need the more famous line that opens or closes the novel. [10] “It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen.” [5] “He loved Big Brother.” ANSWER: 1984 [10] “In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I've been turning over in my mind ever since.” [5] “So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.” ANSWER: The Great Gatsby [10] “Old father, old artificer, stand me now and ever in good stead.” [5] “Once upon a time and a very good time it was there was a moocow coming down along the road and this moocow that was coming down along the road met a nicens little boy named baby tuckoo.” ANSWER: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

8) FTPE, identify these characters in the famous ballet The Nutcracker: [10] The ballet centers around this little girl who receives the Nutcracker for Christmas. ANSWER: Clara [10] At midnight, Clara awakens and, after the Nutcracker is stabbed, throws her shoe to kill this creature. ANSWER: Mouse King or Rat King [10] Clara’s godfather, this is the man who gives her the Nutcracker. ANSWER: Herr Drosselmeyer

9) Answer the following questions about the Byzantine Empire FTPE. [10] This man became the emperor of the Byzantine Empire in 527, eventually launching campaigns to reclaim North Africa, Sicily, and the mainland Italy. ANSWER: Justinian I [10] This battle in 1071 resulted in the Byzantine Empire losing most of Asia Minor to the Seljuk Turks. ANSWER: Battle of Manzikert [10] The Byzantine Empire eventually fell when this empire conquered the capital Constantinople in 1453. ANSWER: Ottoman Empire (also accept Ottoman Turks)

10) Given a line, name the Shakespeare play it’s in FTPE, or five if you need the speaker. [10] “This above all: to thine own self be true,” [5] Polonius ANSWER: Hamlet [10] "That man that hath a tongue, I say is no man / If with his tongue he cannot win a woman." [5] Valentine ANSWER: The Two Gentlemen of Verona [10] “Think you I am no stronger than my sex / Being so father'd and so husbanded?” [5] Portia ANSWER: Julius Caesar

11) FTPE, given the name of a scientific work, name its author [10] On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres ANSWER: Nicholas Copernicus [10] Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica ANSWER: Isaac Newton [10] A Brief History of Time ANSWER: Stephen Hawking

12) Identify the following people and places from that bastion of English literature, Wuthering Heights, FTSNOP. [5/5] F5PE, she wrote Wuthering Heights, and the novel was originally published under this pseudonym. ANSWER: Emily Brontë and Ellis Bell [10] A stark contrast to the looming Wuthering Heights is this ancestral home of the Linton’s. ANSWER: Thrushcross Grange [10] Most of the novel is narrated by this character, a childhood companion of Catherine and Heathcliff who is tending to the ill Mr. Lockwood. ANSWER: Nelly Dean (either answer acceptable, prompt on “the maid” or similar answers)

13) Identify the following cryptozoological creatures on a 5-10-15 basis. [5] This Puerto-Rican “goatsucker” has allegedly been lingering around the island since the early 1990s. ANSWER: Chupacabra [10] The name of these creatures is derived from a Latin word that is a title of the god Pluto. They are popular in media such as Lord of the Rings and Warcraft. ANSWER: Orc [15] Supposedly the offspring of a griffin and a filly, Ludovico Ariosto provides an early description of one in his Orlando Furioso. ANSWER: Hippogriff

14) FTPE, name these men who made developments in science [10] This French naturalist was one of the first to use the term “biology” in the modern sense. His belief in parents passing on characteristics obtained during their lifetime until the discovery of epigenetic inheritance. ANSWER: Jean-Baptiste Lamarck [10] Known as the "father of Microbiology". He is best known for his contribution to the improvement of the microscope. ANSWER: Anton van Leeuwenhoek [10] This English philosopher he established and popularized inductive reasoning, going from observation to experimentation ANSWER: Francis Bacon 15) Only six people have been named Honorary Citizen of the United States. Given a clue, name three of them, FTPE. [10] This man was the British Prime Minister during World War II and won the 1953 Nobel Prize in Literature. ANSWER: Winston Churchill [10] This beatified Albanian-born Indian nun was famous for her work with the poor of Calcutta. ANSWER: Mother Teresa (accept Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu and Blessed Teresa of Calcutta) [10] This Marquis participated in the American Revolution on the side of the Americans and was a friend of George Washingon. ANSWER: Marie-Joseph-Paul-Roch-Yves-Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette

16) Everyone hates a good pun, so identify these world religions from punny descriptions FTPE: [10] Maroon 5’s debut album might have contained a bunch of songs about the Shraman tradition of this Asian religion. ANSWER: Jainism [10] This Chinese spiritual movement that began in 1992 may be dedicated to a former Saturday Night Live star playing an Asian percussion instrument. ANSWER: Falun Gong [10] This monotheistic religion is easy to find in Punjab, and the Khanda is one of its most important symbols. ANSWER: Sikhism

17) Given the division, name the baseball team that won it in 2005 FTPE. Either the city or team name will suffice. [10] NL East ANSWER: Atlanta Braves [10] NL Central ANSWER: St. Louis Cardinals [10] NL West ANSWER: San Diego Padres

18) FTPE, given the name tell what it is the study of [10] Herpetology ANSWER: Reptiles and Amphibians (prompt on partial answer) [10] Ichthyology ANSWER: Fish [10] Entomology ANSWER: Insects

19) FTPE, identify these hilariously bad comic strips. [10] “Pearls Before Swine” parodied the members of this comic strip by depicting them sheltering Osama Bin Laden; although they’re probably not that clueless, the cloying and sentimental characters of this Bil Keane strip are still embarrassingly dated. ANSWER: “The Family Circus” [10] Although you may not have known that its title character briefly employs the services of a Rastafarian cab driver, this soap opera comic strip features a doctor who, on The Simpsons, is believed to have “the prescription for the daily blues”. ANSWER: “Rex Morgan, MD” [10] Centering around the titular athletic director of Milford High School, this strip includes Brent, a white guy nicknamed “Rap-Dog” by his even whiter friends. When “Rap-Dog” is invited to a poker game, he actually replies, “No Benjamins, Bruh.” ANSWER: “Gil Thorp”

20) FTPE, given a phobia, name what it is the fear of: [10] Agoraphobia ANSWER: Open spaces (or equivalents) [10] Triskaidekaphobia ANSWER: The number 13 [10] Coulrophobia ANSWER: Clowns