Chapter 4 Britain Asserts Her Power

AP Chapter 4 Study Guide “The Empire in Transition” Key Concept 3.1: Britain’s victory over France in the imperial struggle for North America led to new conflicts among the British government, the North American colonists, and American Indians, culminating in the creation of a new nation, the United States. Key Concept 3.2: In the late 18th century, new experiments with democratic ideas and republican forms of government, as wellas other new religious, economic, and cultural ideas, challenged traditional imperial systems across the Atlantic World.

1. Why was the period of English rule in relation to the colonies during the late 17c and early 18c called the "Era of Salutary Neglect"? What effect did this have on the colonies? 2. In what ways were the colonies both divided and united during this colonial period? (Cite specific examples) 3. How did the French attempt to secure their hold on the vast areas they claimed in North America? What were the causes of Anglo-French conflict? 4. What were the causes of the "Great War for Empire" (also known as the Sevens Years' War or French and Indian War)? 5. How did the Great War for Empire (French & Indian War) become a truly international conflict? What role did the French and British colonies play in this war? 6. What were the stereotypes that the English had about the American colonists? That the American colonists had about the British? 7. What role did Native Americans play in the French and Indian War? What resulted from this after the war? 8. Why did the French lose & what were the results of the war? 9. What arguments were raised for and against the post-1763 "territorial imperialism?" How did this new policy alter British attitudes toward the colonies? 10. What initial policy changed occurred when George III ascended the throne? What were the king's motives for these changes? 11. What was it about post-1763 British policy that would cause colonists in every region to see the disadvantages rather than the advantages of being part of the British Empire? 12. What was the Stamp Act and why did it so antagonize the American colonists? How did the colonists respond and what was England's reaction to the American protests? 13. Who was Samuel Adams and what role did he play in the American protests? How did his view of the need for American independence differ from most of the other colonial leaders at the time? 14. What happened at the "Boston Massacre" and how did it add to the growing tensions between the colonists and the British presence in North America? 15. How did the colonial view of the nature of the British Empire differ from the view by George III and his supporters? 16. What was the "political outlook" that gained a following in America and ultimately served to justify revolt? 17. What was the Tea Act? Why was the Tea Act seen by many Americans as a threat to themselves and their institutions? 18. What were the Coercive Acts? How did the Quebec Act help to unite the colonies with Boston in opposition to these acts? 19. What were the major decisions made at the First Continental Congress? What was their significance? 20. What were the circumstances that led to the fighting at Lexington and Concord?

AP Chapter 4 Study Guide “The Empire in Transition” KEY TERMS: “Salutary neglect” Sugar Act (1764) Boycotts & “homespun”

Albany Plan Currency Act Boston Massacre Seven Years’ War (French Mutiny (Quartering) Act of Samuel Adams and Indian War) 1765 Iroquois Confederacy Stamp Act (1765) Virtual vs. Actual (direct) Representation “Queen Anne’s War” & “King Paxton Boys Gaspee Affair George’s War” Ohio Valley Regulator Movement Tea Act of 1773 Fort Duquesne/Fort Necessity Stamp Act Crisis Daughters of Liberty General Edward Braddock Patrick Henry: The “Virginia Boston Tea Party Resolves” William Pitt James Otis Lord North Battle/Siege of Quebec The Stamp Act Congress Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) Peace of Paris, 1763 Sons of Liberty Quebec Act George III Marquis of Rockingham Committees of Correspondence George Grenville Declaratory Act First Continental Congress Pontiac Charles Townshend & Conciliatory Propositions Townshend Duties Proclamation of 1763 Internal and External Lexington & Concord Taxation Mercy Otis Warren General Thomas Gage