Endocrine System

Review For Test

Endocrine System Definitions Endocrine system ______Produces hormones______Hormones: _chemical substances that are secreted by endocrine cells into extra cellular fluids__ Permissiveness : When one hormone can’t exert its full effect without another hormone __ Syngerism__When more than one hormone produces the same effects __ Antagonism: one hormone acts opposite of another Negative Feedback System: regulate blood levels by the rising of a specific hormone Humoral stimuli_changing of blood levels of ions and nutrients Neural stimuli_nerve fibers stimulate hormone release Hormonal stimuli : hormones are influenced by other hormones ______

1. What are the types of hormones? ____steroid hormones and amino acid hormones ______2. What are the Types of hormonal stimuli? ____Humoral, neural, hormonal ______3. How does Water soluble hormones and Lipid soluble hormones differ? _lipid soluble can go through the cell membrane and water soluble must bind to a receptor outside the cell membrane ______4. Explain the function of the target cell and the receptor? ______Receptor is on the cell membrane of the specific cell targeted by the hormone ______5. What are the 3 steps for the target cell activation by a hormone? ___blood levels of hormone, number of receptors, strength of bond between receptor and hormone ______6. What does it mean by negative feedback (use picture below)? ____hormone stops the making of the final products (controls the release of the hormone). ______

7. Endocrine organs a. What is the job of the hypothalamus? ______control center for hormonal control. ______1 b. Pituitary Gland (anterior and posterior) i. Posterior lobe: 1. Where is it located? __brain ______2. Is it connected to the hypothalamus? ___through a nerve bundle ______3. What 2 hormones does it produce and what is the job of each? ______oxytocin (stimulates the uterine contractions and milk ejection) and Antidiuretic hormone (ADH: water balance). ______ii. Anterior lobe: 1. Is it connected to the hypothalamus? _____attached to hypothalamus by glandular tissue ______2. What are all the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary? ____Growth, Prolactin, FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH ______3. What is the function of each hormone? ____Look at the chart in book for function of each hormone ______c. Thyroid Gland i. Where is it located? ___Throat ______ii. What is the function of the thyroid gland? ____Metabolic control increases basal metabolic rate and growth of tissues ______iii. What are the hormones produced? ____thyroid hormone and Calcitonin (reduces blood calcium levels) ______iv. Of the thyroid hormones, which ones is circulating through the blood? ___Thyroxine ______d. Adrenal Gland i. Where is it located? ___top of kidneys ______ii. What are the 2 parts of the adrenal gland? ______cortex and medulla ______iii. What hormones are produced and from where in the adrenal gland is each produced? _____Medulla: epinephrine and norepinephrine Cortex: Glucocorticoids and minerialcorticoids ______iv. What is the job of each hormone produced? _____epinephrine (raise sugar levels, increase metabolism, constrict blood vessels) and Mineralcorticoids: reabsorbption of Na and K ______e. Parathyroid i. Where is it located? ___on thyroid ______ii. What hormone was produced? __PTH parathyroid hormone ______iii. What is the job of the hormone? ____raises calcium levels ______2 iv. How is the parathyroid hormone and calcitonin function together? ____PTH: raises blood calcium and Calcitonin: lowers blood calcium ______f. Pineal Gland i. Where is located?____Brain ______ii. What hormones are produced? _____melatonin (sleep and wake cycle) ______g. Pancreas i. What are the 2 cells of the pancreas? ___beta and alpha cells ______ii. Which cell produces which hormone? _____alpha cells release glucagon and beta cells release insulin ______iii. What does each hormone do and how do they work together to maintain your glucose levels? _____Insulin: lowers blood glucose and glucagon: raises blood glucose ______h. Gonads i. What hormones are produced by the ovaries? ___estrogen and progesterone ______ii. What is the function of each hormone? __estrogen: stimulate growth of reproductive organs and progesterone: promotes growth of uterus and uterine wall ______iii. What hormones are produced by the testis? ___Androgens: testosterone ______iv. What is the function of each hormone produced by the testis? ___sperm formation and secondary sex characteristics ______i. Thymus i. Where is it located? ____in thorax ______ii. What hormones does it produce, and what is their function? ___Thymosin: immune system, and T lymphocytes ______

Figure 16.2

Using Figure 16.2, match the following hypothalamic hormones with the pituitary hormone targets: 8. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). ____A______9. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). _____C______10. Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH). ___B______11. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). 3 ____E______12. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). _____D______

13. An autoimmune problem involving the thyroid gland.D____ A. Acromegaly 14. Hyposecretion of growth hormone___E__ B. Diabetes mellitus 15. Hyposecretion of the pancreas___B__ C. Addison’s disease 16. Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex__C___ D. Graves’ Disease 17. Hypersecretion of the growth hormone_A____ E. Pituitary dwarfism

Figure 16.1 Using Figure 16.1, match the following: 18. Produces the hormones that promote the development of the female secondary sexual characteristics at puberty. ______D______19. Storehouse for the hormones produced by the hypothalamus of the brain. ____B______20. Produces the hormones that direct the production of the secondary male sex characteristic. _____E___ 21. Produce steroid hormones and glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. ______C______22. Produces hormones and is considered a neuroendocrine organ. _____A______