1. the Word This in Line 4 Refers To

Question 1-5

One type of surface mining is called placer mining. Sometimes heavy metals such as gold are found in soil deposited by streams and rivers. The soil is picked up by a power shovel and transferred to along trough. Water is run through the soil in the trough. This carries soil particles away with it. The metal particles are heavier than the soil and sink to the bottom, where they can be recovered.

The finishing-off process of mining is called mineral concentration. In this process the desired substance are removed from the waste in various ways. One technique is bubble air through a liquid in which ore particles are suspended, chemicals are added that make the minerals cling to the air bubbles. The bubbles rise to the surface with the mineral particles attached, and they can be skimmed off and saved.

1. The word “this” in line 4 refers to

a. A power shovel

b. Gold

c. Running water

d. A long trough

2. In line 5 the word “recovered” could best be replaced by which of the following?

a. Reprocessed

b. Covered again

c. Compensated

d. Obtained

3. In line 6 the phrase “ this process” refers to

a. Surface mining

b. The depositing of soil

c. Mineral concentration

d. Placer mining

4. The word “waste” in line 7 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

a. Worthless by-product

b. Wilderness

c. Thoughtless consumption

d. Garbage and trash

5. The word “they” in line 10 refers to

a. The process

b. The air bubbles

c. The chemicals

d. The particles Question 6-9

Mount Rainer, the heart of Mt. Rainer National Park, is the highest mountain in the state of Washington and in the Cascade Range. The mountain’s summit is broad and rounded. It is 14,410 feet above sea level and has an area of about one square mile.

Numerous steam and gas jets occur around the crater, but the volcano has been sleeping for many centuries.

Mount Rainier has a permanent ice cap and extensive snow fields, which give rise to over 40 glaciers. Forest extends to 4,500 feet. There are alpine meadows between the glaciers and the forest. These contain beautiful wild flowers

6. To which of the following does not the word “it” in line 3 refer?

a. Mt. Rainier

b. The summit

c. The cascade range

d. The national park

7. The author uses the word “sleeping” in line 6 to imply that volcano is

a. Covered with clouds

b. A restful place to visit

c. No longer active

d. Easy to climb

8. In line 7 the author uses the term “field” to indicate that

a. These are fertile lands for growing crops

b. These areas are open and unbroken

c. These surfaces are very flat

d. These mountain areas have been studied by scientists from many disciplines

9. “These” in line 9 refers to

a. Snow fields

b. Forests

c. Glaciers

d. Alpine meadows

Question 10-14

Some people associate migration mainly with birds. Birds do travel vast distances, but mammals also migrate. An example is the caribou, reindeer that graze on the grassy slopes of northern Canada. When the weather turns cold, they travel south until spring. Their tracks are so well-worn that they are clearly visible from the air. Another migration mammal is the Alaska fur seal. These seals breed only in the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea. The young are born in June, and by September they are strong enough to go with their mothers on journey of over 3,000 miles. Together they swim down the pacific Coast of North America. The females and young travel as far as southern California. They swim only to the Gulf of Alaska. In the spring, males and females all return to the islands, and there the cycle begins again.

10. Which of the following expressions could best be used in place of the phrase “graze on” in line 2 without changing the meaning of the passage?

a. Feed on

b. Run on

c. Sleep on

d. Tear up

11. As used in this passage, the word “spring” refers to

a. A source of water

b. A season of the year

c. The way an animal leaps

d. A machine part

12. In line 4 the word “ they” is a reference to

a. The caribou

b. The grassy slopes

c. Migratory birds

d. Animal tracks

13. To what does the word “they” in line 9 refer?

a. Female seals

b. Young seals

c. The islands

d. Male seals

14. In line 10 the word “there” refers to

a. The Gulf of Alaska

b. The Pribilof Islands

c. Southern California

d. The pacific Coast of North America

Question 15-19

Design is the arrangement of materials to produce certain effects. Design plays a role in visual arts and in the creation of commercial product as well. Designers are concerned with the direction of lines, the sizes of shapes, and the shading of colors. They arrange these patterns in ways that are satisfying to viewers. There are various elements involved in creating a pleasing design.

Harmony, or balance, can be obtained in a number of ways. It may be either symmetrical (in balance) or asymmetrical (out of balance, but still pleasing to the eye). Or a small area may balance a large area if it has an importance to the eye (because of color or treatment) that equals that of the larger area.

Contrast is the opposite of harmony. The colors red and orange harmonize, since orange contains red. A circle and oval harmonizes, since they are both made up of curved lines. But a short line does not harmonize with a long line. It is in contrast.

Unity occurs when all the elements in a design combine to form a consistent whole. Unity resembles balance. A design has balance if its masses are balanced or if its tones and colors harmonize. But unity differs from balance because it implies that balanced elements work together to form harmony in the design as a whole.

15. Which of the following could be substituted for the expression “plays a role” in line 1 without changing the meaning of the passage?

a. Imagines

b. has a function

c. performs in drama’

d. replaces

16. the word ‘they” in line 4 refers to

a. designers

b. lines, shapes, and colors

c. directions, size, and shape

d. visual artists

17. the word “it” in line 12 is used as a reference to

a. a circle

b. a color

c. a long line

d. a sort line

18. as used throughout the passage, the term balance means

a. an instrument used for weighing

b. emotional steadiness

c. a pleasing integration

d. an amount of money left on an account

19. in line 15 the word “ it” refers to

a. unity

b. balance c. a design

d. a consistent whole

Question 20-24

Although they had been used to haul freight and passengers between the Eastern Seaboard and the Ohio Valley since 1812, wagon trains were first used extensively in the 1820s on the Santa Fe Trail. Long trains of covered wagons drawn by oxen or mules carried manufactured gods to the trade for fur, gold, and silver in Santa Fe. The independent traders who pooled their resources to form these trains elected a captain and several lieutenants, who commanded the parallel columns in which the wagons usually moved. They enforced the rules, selected the routes, and designated stopping placed.

a. The Eastern Seaboard and the Ohio Valley

b. Wagons trains

c. Freights and passengers

d. Oxen and mules

21. As used throughout the passage, the word “train” most nearly means

a. A railroad

b. A column of vehicles

c. A military unit

d. A part of a dress

22. Which of the following terms could best be substituted for the word “drawn” in line 3?

a. Pulled

b. Sketched

c. Attracted

d. Accumulated

23. The word “their” in line 5 refers to

a. Covered wagons

b. Oxen and mules

c. Independent traders

d. Captain and lieutenants

a. The leaders

b. The traders

c. The parallel columns d. The stopping places