CHAPTER 3 – PROPERTIES AND STATES OF MATTER Name: ______Pd. _____

Section 1: Properties of Matter (pp.76-82) WHAT IS MATTER? (p.76) ______1. Anything that has mass and takes up space is called: a. air. b. atoms. c. matter. d. molecules. ______2. We know that air is matter because a. we can see it. b. we can touch it. c. it has mass. d. it is very heavy. ______3. The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element is a(n) a. molecule. b. atom. c. element. d. matter.

PURE SUBSTANCES (pp.77-78) 4. When atoms combine chemically, they form ______. 5. Matter that consists of only one type of atom or one type of molecule is called a pure ______. 6. A substance composed of a single type of atom is a(n) ______. 7. Elements can be composed of individual ______or ______of the same atom. 8. What is an example of an element that is composed of individual atoms? ______9. What is an example of an element that is composed of molecules? ______10. How many different elements exist? ______11. How do we know that an atom of gold in a ring and an atom of gold in a dental filling are alike? ______12. A pure substance composed of molecules that form when two or more different kinds of atoms bond is called a(n) ______. 13. How is table salt an example of a compound? ______14. What is a water molecule made of? ______15. What is formed by a reaction between sodium and chlorine? ______16. Is the compound sodium chloride the same as the element sodium or the element chlorine? Explain why or why not. ______

MIXTURES (pp.78-79) ______17. A combination of two or more pure substances is called a(n) a. compound. b. molecule. c. element. d. mixture. ______18. An example of a mixture is a. water. b. apple juice. c. sodium chloride. d. gold. ______19. A mixture in which the substances are mixed so that it is the same throughout is a(n) a. compound. b. heterogeneous mixture. c. homogeneous mixture. d. element. ______20. A mixture in which the substances are not uniformly mixed is a(n) a. compound. b. heterogeneous mixture. c. homogeneous mixture. d. element. 21.A homogeneous mixture that appears to be a single substance is a(n) ______. 22.What is one example of a solution? ______23.Why do the particles of a solution not separate? ______24.What is an example of a gaseous solution? ______25.What is an example of a solid solution? ______26. ______are mixtures in which large particles may be distributed evenly after being shaken, but eventually settle out. 27. What is an example of a suspension? ______28.What is the name of a mixture in which particles are smaller than those in suspensions but larger than those in solutions? ______29.What are three examples of colloids? ______

IDENTIFYING MATTER WITH PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (pp.80-81) 30.A characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without the matter going through a chemical change is called a ______property.

Match each description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided. ______31. the measure of the amount of space matter occupies a. volume ______32. a measure of the force of gravity on an object b. density ______33. the temperature at which a liquid boils c. mass ______34. a measure of the amount of matter in an object d. weight ______35. the mass of an object per unit volume e. boiling point 36.Certain substances can be hammered into thin sheets because they are ______. 37. In science, what measurements are used to express volume? ______38.How can you find the density of an object? ______

IDENTIFYING MATTER WITH CHEMICAL PROPERTIES (p.81) 39.A property of matter that describes a substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions and form new substances is called a ______property. 40.When baking soda and vinegar react to form bubbles of carbon dioxide, it is evidence of baking soda’s ______. 41. The chemical property that indicates a substance can burn is ______.

CATEGORIES OF MATTER AND THEIR PROPERTIES (p.82) 42.What physical and chemical properties would you expect to find in two different samples of a pure substance? Explain why. ______43.What physical and chemical properties would you expect to find in two different samples of a mixture? Explain why. ______

Section 2: Physical and Chemical Changes (pp.84-89) CONSERVATION OF MASS (p.84) ______1. The law of conservation of mass states that in ordinary chemical or physical changes, a. mass can be both created and destroyed. c. mass is not created but is destroyed. b. mass is created but not destroyed. d. mass is not created or destroyed. ______2. What change occurs in a boulder when it erodes into sand? a. Its mass changes. c. Its chemical make-up changes. b. Its form changes. d. Its elements change. ______3. The chemical changes that occur when your body uses sugar a. obey the law of conservation of mass. b. are an exception to the law of conservation of mass. c. are not affected by the law of conservation of mass. d. are identical to the changes that happen as sand forms.

PHYSICAL CHANGES IN OUR WORLD (pp.85-87) 4. Any change in which the physical properties of a substance change but the identity of the substance does not change is a(n) ______. 5. What kind of change occurs when sulfur and sodium chloride are separated? ______6. Give three examples of physical changes in nature. ______7. Name two products that are made through physical changes. ______

CHEMICAL CHANGES IN OUR WORLD (pp.87-88) 8. A change in which one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties is a(n) ______. 9. Another name for a change that takes place when bonds between atoms are broken or formed to make new substances is a(n) ______. 10. Name a change that may indicate a chemical change. ______11. Name three things that might be produced that indicate a chemical change. ______Name: ______Pd. _____ 12. What does the fizzing and foaming signal when vinegar and baking soda are mixed? ______13. What is produced when vinegar and baking soda are mixed? ______14. The production of food by green plants is called ______. 15. What kind of change takes place when green plants produce food? ______16. What is one process in animals that involves chemical changes? ______17. Name three additional processes in animals that involve chemical changes. ______18. Name three processes involved in making a bicycle that include chemical changes. ______19. During the steps of industrial processes, ______may occur in addition to chemical changes. 20.What is the name for extra materials that are produced during chemical changes in industry? ______

ARE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES REVERSIBLE? (p.89) 21.Describe a physical change in water and explain how it could be reversible. ______22.Why are most physical changes reversible? ______23.Describe a chemical change that is reversible. ______24.Name three examples of chemical changes that are not reversible. ______

Section 3: States of Matter (pp.90-95) PARTICLES OF MATTER IN MOTION (p.90) ______1. Which statement about movement in a grain of sand is correct? a. Molecules create motion that you can see. b. The molecules change their positions within the grain. c. The molecules make movements you can feel but not see. d. The molecules, in fixed positions, make movements too small to see. ______2. Particles in matter are always moving because they have a. elements. b. states. c. energy. d. compounds. ______3. Solid, liquid, gas,and plasmaare a. the four kinds of molecules in matter. c. the four elements of matter. b. the four states of matter. d. the four kinds of atoms in matter.

PHYSICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STATES OF MATTER (pp.91-93) 4. Whether a substance such as bromine is a solid, liquid, or gas, its ______are the same. 5. The state of matter in which particles stay in a rigid structure that does not change shape or size is called a(n) ______. 6. Describe the particles in a solid. ______7. What happens to the molecules of ice when they are heated? ______8. What happens when molecules in ice gain enough energy to free themselves from a fixed position? ______9. What is the measure of the energy of particles in matter called? ______10. What is the name of the temperature at which a solid melts? ______11. What is the melting point of ice? ______12. Why does sodium chloride have a higher melting point than water? ______13. A state of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape is a(n) ______. 14. In ______, the attractions between particles are much weaker than they are in ______. 15. What happens as the molecules in a liquid move around? ______16. Describe the shape of liquids. ______17. What happens to the volume of a liquid when it is poured into a container with a different shape? ______

18. With enough energy, molecules in a liquid can escape the attractions with other and become a ______. 19. A state of matter with no definite shape and no definite volume is a(n) ______. 20.What are two words for the change from liquid to gas? ______and ______21.Because of their ______and their ______gas particles will spread out to fill whatever volume is available to them. 22.What are changes from one state to another called? ______23.What kind of changes are changes from one state to another? Explain your answer. ______24.How is energy removed from a substance? ______25.If a gas is cooled enough and the particles come in close contact, what happens to the gas? ______26.If a liquid cools enough, what happens to it? ______27. Describe what happens when a liquid freezes. ______

BEHAVIOR OF GASES (pp.93-94) ______28. How much helium will be needed to fill a balloon on a cold day, as compared to a warm day? a. no helium c. less helium b. the same amount of helium d. more helium ______29. Which property of a gas allows you to squeeze an air balloon into smaller shapes? a. Gas molecules have a large volume. c. Gas molecules can be compressed into a smaller volume. b. Gas molecules have a small volume. d. Gas molecules collide with one another frequently. ______30. A measure of the amount of force per unit area of a surface is called a. temperature. b. volume. c. weight. d. pressure. ______31. Increasing the temperature of gas in a container that can’t expand is a way to a. increase the volume of the gas. c. increase the pressure of the gas. b. decrease the volume of the gas. d. decrease the pressure of the gas.

PLASMA: A FOURTH STATE OF MATTER (p.95) 32.Describe plasma. ______33.How is plasma like a gas? ______34.How is plasma different from a gas? ______35.What is one natural way that plasma is formed? ______36.Name two man-made products in which plasma is formed. ______

KEY TERMS

Section One Section Two Section Three

matter law of conservation of mass solid atom physical change liquid pure substance chemical change gas element pressure compound plasma mixture physical property chemical property