Review Packet--Genetics Name ______Honors Biology Period #______

*Answers do NOT need to be in complete sentences. *

1. Below, list four reasons why Mendel used garden peas in his studies into the workings of heredity.

2. Tall is dominant over short for pea plants. Using this information, go through Mendel’s P1, F1, and F2 generations showing Punnett squares, and giving the phenotypic and genotypic ratios for both offspring generations.

3. List and define Mendel’s 3 laws.

4. Pure means the same as ______, while hybrid means the same as ______. 5. What is the difference between codominance and incomplete dominance? How are the crosses written differently?

6. The study of the passage of traits from parents to offspring is ______.

7. For the pedigree below, shaded individuals have freckles, while unshaded individuals don’t have freckles. Figure out which trait is dominant and which is recessive. Circle the area of the pedigre that helped you answer this. Explain why in words also. Finally, list the genotypes of each individual underneath each circle or square.

8. In humans, brown eyes are usually dominant over blue. Suppose a blue eyed man married a brown eyed woman whose father was blue eyed. What proportion of their children would you predict will have blue eyes? Prove your answer with a Punnett square. 9. In a certain breed of chickens, black chickens and white chickens produce checkered chickens (both black and white). What type of dominance does this illustrate? Explain. Show the cross, Punnett square, genotypic, and phenotypic ratios that result from a cross between a checkered chicken and a white chicken.

10. If the litter resulting from the mating of two short-tailed cats contains three kittens without tails, two with long tails, and six with short tails, what would be the simplest way of explaining the inheritance of tail length in these cats? Determine the genotypes of the three types of cats, and show the Punnett square that would predict the offspring of the two cats that were mated.

11. In peas, tall is dominant over short , and round seeds are dominant over wrinkled seeds. Show the cross, Punnett square, and phenotypic ratio that results from a cross between a plant that is heterozygous for both traits and one that shows both recessive traits. What percantage of the resulting offspring are expected to be tall and have wrinkled seeds?____ 12. A man who has blood type O marries a woman with blood type A. The woman’s mother had blood type B. The woman’s father had blood type A. The man’s father had blood type AB while his mother had blood type B. Find the genotypes of each individual and label them appropriately. ALSO, DISCUSS THE “PROBLEM WITH THIS PROBLEM.” SOMETHING SHOULDN’T HAVE WORKED OUT TOO WELL WITH THIS ONE. EXPLAIN.

13. Sex-linked traits occur more commonly in ______. Why?

14. A man who has a recessive sex-linked disorder must have inherited it from his ______. Why? 15. The parents of a hemophiliac female (recessive sex-linked trait) could have which of the following genotypes? a. XNXn x XNY c. XnXn x XNY b. XNXn x XnY d. XNXN x XnY

16. Which blood type can be give to anyone?______

17. Which blood type can receive blood from anyone?______

18. A person with blood type A would produce anti-______antibodies.

19. Colorblindness is a recessive sex-linked trait. Normal color vision is dominant. A woman who has normal vison marries a man who is colorblind. They have a son who is colorblind. Show the cross, Punnett square, and phenotypic ratio that results from this couple. What are the chances of this couple having a colorblind daughter?______a colorblind son?______20. In squash, white fruit is dominant over yellow, while disc-shaped fruit is dominant over sphere-shaped. One parent squash is white and sphere-shpaed, while the other is white and disc-shaped. They produce many offspring, half of which are white and disc-shaped and half of which are white and sphere-shaped. List the genotypes of each individual below:

white, sphere-shaped parent=______white, disc-shaped parent=______white, disc-shaped offspring=______white, sphere-shaped offspring=______

21. What is a testcross? Show an example. .

22. Hemophilia is a recessive trait and is sex-linked. Having a bent pinky finger (naturally curves inward towards the ring finger) is a dominant trait and is carried on the autosomes. A man named Stan does not have hemophilia but has a bent pinky finger marries a woman named Claire, who is a carrier for hemophilia and who also has a bent pinky finger. Stan’s mother had a pinky finger that was not bent, as did Claire’s mother. Show the cross, Punnett square, and RATIO to be expected. What fraction of the couple’s offspring are expected to be females who do not have hemophilia but who have bent pinky fingers?____ 23. Jack has medium-sized eyes while his wife Ana-Lucia has small-sized eyes. Their daughter, Shannon, has eyes of the same phenotype as Annalucia. The couple’s son, Sawyer, however, has medium-sized eyes like Jack. Ana-Lucia’s father, John, had medium-sized eyes,while Ana-Lucia’s mother, Kate, had small-sized eyes. Jack’s father, Hugo, had large-sized eyes. No one could remember what size eyes Jack’s mother, Libby. What are the genotypes of all individuals in this problem?

Jack=______Ana-Lucia=______Shannon=______

Sawyer=______John=______Kate=______

Hugo=______Libby=______

24. What are polygenic traits? Give an example.

25. In 4 o’clock flowers P1 generation: red flower x white flower

F1 Generation: 342 Pink flowers

F2 Generation: 78 Red flowers 220 Pink flowers 97 White flowers

Show your work: a. What is your x2 value?______b. Do you accept or reject the null hypothesis? Explain.