Egyptian New Chronology (David Rohl)

My notes: The Archaic or Early Dynastic Period of Egypt is the era immediately following the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt c. 3100 BC. It is generally taken to include the First and Second Dynasties, lasting from the end of the Naqada III archaeological period until about 2686 BC, or the beginning of the Old Kingdom. With the First Dynasty, the capital moved from Thinis to Memphis with a unified Egypt ruled by an Egyptian god-king. Abydos remained the major holy land in the south. The hallmarks of ancient Egyptian civilization, such as art, architecture and many aspects of religion, took shape during the Early Dynastic period.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)

Naquada I 3250 BC to 3050 BC

Nakada II 3050 BC to 2850 BC

Nakada III 2850 BC to 2770 BC

1st Dynasty 2770 BC to 2670 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hor-Aha https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_(Pharaoh) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anedjib https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semerkhet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qa%27a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneferka https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horus_Bird_(Pharaoh)

2nd Dynasty 2670 BC to 2554 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotepsekhemwy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebra_(Pharaoh) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nynetjer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weneg_(pharaoh) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senedj https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seth-Peribsen https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekhemib-Perenmaat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferkara_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferkasokar https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudjefa_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khasekhemwy

3rd Dynasty 2554 BC to 2499 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekhemkhet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanakht https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaba https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huni

4th Dynasty 2499 BC to 2389 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneferu https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khufu_(pharaoh) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djedefre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khafre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikheris https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menkaure https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepseskaf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thamphthis 5th Dynasty 2389 BC to 2273 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Userkaf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahure https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferefre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepseskare https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menkauhor_Kaiu https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djedkare_Isesi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unas

6th Dynasty 2273 BC to 2061 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teti https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Userkare https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepi_I_Meryre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepi_II_Neferkare https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferka https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neitiqerty_Siptah

7th Dynasty 2061 BC to 2044 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menkare https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferkare_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferkare_Neby https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djedkare_Shemai https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferkare_Khendu https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merenhor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferkamin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikare

8th Dynasty 2044 BC to 1944 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferkare_Tereru https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferkahor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferkare_Pepiseneb https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferkamin_Anu https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qakare_Ibi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferkaure https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferkauhor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkare

No 9th Dynasty

10th Dynasty 2018 BC to 1832 BC [Abraham in Egypt] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meryibre_Khety https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferkare,_ninth_dynasty https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebkaure_Khety https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setut https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meryhathor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferkare_VIII https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahkare_Khety https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merykare

11th Dynasty 1944 BC to 1803 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intef_the_Elder https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentuhotep_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intef_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intef_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intef_III https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentuhotep_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentuhotep_III https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentuhotep_IV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segerseni https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qakare_Ini https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyibkhentre

12th Dynasty 1803 BC to 1632 BC [Joseph arrives in Egypt, Joseph appointed Vizier, Israelites arrive in Egypt] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenemhat_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senusret_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenemhat_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senusret_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senusret_III https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenemhat_III https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenemhat_IV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobekneferu https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seankhibtawy_Seankhibra

13th Dynasty 1632 BC to 1416 BC [EXODUS] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekhemre_Khutawy_Sobekhotep https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonbef https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerikare https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekhemkare https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameny_Qemau https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotepibre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iufni https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenemhet_VI https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semenkare_Nebnuni https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sehetepibre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewadjkare https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nedjemibre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaankhre_Sobekhotep https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renseneb https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekhemrekhutawy_Khabaw https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djedkheperew https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebkay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedjefakare https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wegaf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khendjer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imyremeshaw https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sehetepkare_Intef https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seth_Meribre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobekhotep_III https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferhotep_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sihathor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobekhotep_IV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merhotepre_Sobekhotep https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khahotepre_Sobekhotep https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahibre_Ibiau https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merneferre_Ay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merhotepre_Ini https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankhenre_Sewadjtu https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersekhemre_Ined https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewadjkare_Hori https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkawre_Sobekhotep https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkheperre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewadjare_Mentuhotep https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seheqenre_Sankhptahi

The position of the following kings is uncertain: Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pharaohs List of Pharaohs [with old Time line] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedumose_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedumose_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewahenre_Senebmiu https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snaaib https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mershepsesre_Ini_II

14th Dynasty 1602 BC to 1418 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakbim_Sekhaenre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%27ammu_Nubwoserre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qareh https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aahotepre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheshi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehesy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khakherewre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebefawre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sehebre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merdjefare https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewadjkare_III https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nebdjefare&action=edit&redlink=1 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Webenre&action=edit&redlink=1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebsenre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekheperenre https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anati_Djedkare&action=edit&redlink=1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebnum https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Apepi

The position and identity of the following pharaohs is uncertain: Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pharaohs List of Pharaohs [with old Time line] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuya https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wazad https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheneh_(pharaoh) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenshek https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khamure https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakareb https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqub-Har

LESSER Hyksos 1416 BC to 1387 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semqen https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperanat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakir-Har https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apepi_(pharaoh) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khamudi

17th Dynasty 1392 BC to 1203 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahotep https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobekemsaf_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobekemsaf_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekhemre-Wepmaat_Intef https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubkheperre_Intef https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat_Intef https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senakhtenre_Ahmose https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seqenenre_Tao https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamose

Greater Hyksos 1352 BC to 1192 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wepwawetemsaf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantjeny https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snaaib https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senebkay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djehuti https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobekhotep_VIII https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferhotep_III https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seankhenre_Mentuhotepi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebiryraw_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebiryraw_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semenre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebiankh https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedumose_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedumose_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djedankhre_Montemsaf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merankhre_Mentuhotep https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senusret_IV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekhemre_Shedwast

18th Dynasty 1202 BC to 961 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmose_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thutmose_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thutmose_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatshepsut https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thutmose_III https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thutmose_IV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhenaten https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smenkhkare https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutankhamun https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horemheb

19th Dynasty 962 BC to 860 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seti_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merneptah https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenemses https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seti_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siptah https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tausret

Egyptian Co-regency 885 BC to 829 BC

20th Dynasty Pi-Ramesse 855 BC to 827 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setnakhte https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_III https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_IV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_V https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_VI https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_VII https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_VIII https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_IX https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_X https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_XI

20th Dynasty A 845 BC to 818 BC

20th Dynasty C 842 BC to 740 BC

21st Dynasty Tanis 842 BC to 740 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesbanebdjed_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenemnisu https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psusennes_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenemope_(pharaoh) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osorkon_the_Elder https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamun https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psusennes_II

21st Dynasty Waset 827 BC to 658 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herihor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piankh https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinedjem_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaharta https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djedkhonsuefankh https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menkheperre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smendes_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinedjem_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasebakhaennuit_III

22nd Dynasty 758 BC to 664 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoshenq_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osorkon_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoshenq_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutkheperre_Shoshenq https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harsiese_A https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takelot_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osorkon_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoshenq_III https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoshenq_IV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pami https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoshenq_V https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osorkon_IV 23rd Dynasty 664 BC to 525 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takelot_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedubast_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iuput_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoshenq_VI https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osorkon_III https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takelot_III https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudamun https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ini_(pharaoh) Rudamun was succeeded in Thebes by a local ruler:

24th Dynasty of Egypt 710 BC to 587 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tefnakhte https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakenrenef

25th Dynasty Napata 741 BC to 690 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piye https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebitku https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabaka https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taharqa https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantamani

26th Dynasty 664 BC to 525 BC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tefnakht_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekauba https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necho_I

The son and successor of Necho I, Psamtik I, managed to reunify Egypt and is generally regarded as the founder of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psamtik_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necho_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psamtik_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahibre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmose_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psamtik_III

Twenty-seventh Dynasty (First Persian period)[edit] Egypt was conquered by the Persian Empire in 525 BC and constitutued a satrapy as part of this empire until 404 BC. The Achaemenid Shahanshahs were acknowledged as Pharaohs in this era, forming the 27th Dynasty: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambyses_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smerdis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petubastis_III https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darius_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psammetichus_IV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artabanus_of_Persia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrcania https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sogdianus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darius_II_of_Persia Twenty-eighth Dynasty The Twenty-eighth Dynasty lasted only 6 years, from 404 to 398 BC, with one Pharaoh: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyrtaeus

Twenty-ninth Dynasty[edit] The Twenty-ninth Dynasty ruled from 398 to 380 BC: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefaarud_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psammuthes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefaarud_II

Thirtieth Dynasty The Thirtieth Dynasty ruled from 380 until Egypt once more came under Persian rule in 343 BC: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectanebo_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teos_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectanebo_II

Thirty-first Dynasty (Second Persian period)[edit] Egypt again came under the control of the Achaemenid Persians. After the practice of Manetho, the Persian rulers from 343 to 332 BC are occasionally designated as the Thirty-first Dynasty: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_III https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_IV_Arses https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khababash https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darius_III_of_Persia

Hellenistic Period Argead Dynasty The Macedonians under Alexander the Great ushered in the Hellenistic period with his conquest of Persia and Egypt. The Argeads ruled from 332 to 309 BC: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon

Ptolemaic Dynasty The second Hellenistic dynasty, the Ptolemies, ruled Egypt from 305 BC until Egypt became a province of Rome in 30 BC (whenever two dates overlap, that means there was a co-regency). The most famous member of this dynasty was Cleopatra VII, who in modern times is known simply as Cleopatra who was successively the consort of Julius Caesar and after Caesar's death, of Mark Antony, and had children with both of them. Cleopatra strove to create a dynastic and political union between Egypt and Rome but the assassination of Caesar and the defeat of Mark Antony doomed her plans. Caesarion (Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar) was the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, he reigned jointly with his mother Cleopatra VII of Egypt, from September 2, 47 BC. He was the eldest son of Cleopatra VII, and possibly the only son of Julius Caesar, after whom he was named. Between the alleged death of Cleopatra, on August 12, 30 BC, up to his own alleged death on August 23, 30 BC, he was nominally the sole pharaoh. It is tradition that he was hunted down and killed on the orders of Octavian, who would become the Roman emperor Augustus, but the historical evidence does not exist. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_I_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berenice_I_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_II_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsinoe_I_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsinoe_II_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_III_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berenice_II_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsinoe_III_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugronaphor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankhmakis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_V_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra_I_Syra https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra_II_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra_II_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_VII_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra_III_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_Memphitis&action=edit&redlink=1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra_III_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra_II_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra_IV_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_X_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berenice_III_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_XI_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra_V_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra_VI_of_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berenice_IV_of_Egypt

Rome Cleopatra VII had affairs with Roman Dictator Julius Caesar and Roman General Mark Antony, but it was not until after her suicide (after Marc Antony was defeated by Octavian, who would later be Emperor Augustus) that Egypt became a province of Rome in 30 BC. Subsequent Roman Emperors were accorded the title of Pharaoh, although exclusively while in Egypt. One Egyptian king-list lists the Roman Emperors as Pharaohs up to and including Decius. See the list of Roman Emperors. See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conventional_Egyptian_chronology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_chronology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Egypt http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Egypt/index.htm http://www.egyptologyonline.com/manetho.htm http://www.ancientnile.co.uk/pharaohs-women.php