Go Big Or Go Fish: Morphological Specializations in Carnivorous Bats

Electronic Supplementary Material

Go big or go fish: Morphological specializations in carnivorous bats Santana, S.E. and Cheung, E.

1. Table S1: Description of the cranial and mandibular landmarks and semilandmarks used in geometric morphometric analyses.

2. Figure S1: Size ranges across diets in the species included in this study.

3. Figure S2: The relationship between size and shape (allometry) for ventral and lateral cranium.

4. Figure S3: The relationship between size and shape (allometry) for lateral mandible.

5. Figure S4: Principal Components of lateral shape of the mandible for insectivorous, animalivorous, carnivorous and piscivorous bats.

1 Table S1: Description of the cranial and mandibular landmarks (red) and semilandmarks (white) used in geometric morphometric analyses for the (a) ventral cranium, (b) lateral cranium, and (c) lateral mandible. Symmetrical landmarks for the ventral view are only shown for one side of the cranium.

Landmarks 1. Most posterior point of the cranium 2. Most anterior point of the foramen magnum at the midline 3. Most lateral point of the occipital condyle 4. Most posterior point of the paroccipital process 5. Posterior edge of the external auditory meatus 6. Anterior edge of the external auditory meatus 7. Most anterior and medial point of the mandibular fossa 8. Suture between the palatines at the midline 9. Most posterior point of the tooth row 10. Most posterior and lateral point of the first molar 11. Most posterior and lateral point of the canine 12. Most anterior point between the first incisors

Semilandmarks Equidistant points between 7 and 9, following the medial contour of the zygomatic arch

2 Table S1 (cont.):

Landmarks 1. Most posterior point of the skull at the sagittal and lambdoidal crests 2. Dorsal point of the occipital bone at the paroccipital process 3. Most ventral and posterior point of the occipital bone 4. Most dorsal point of the external auditory meatus 5. Most ventral point of the external auditory meatus 6. Most posterior and dorsal point of the squamosal bone 7. Most posterior point of the tooth row, at the base of the tooth 8. Most posterior point of the first molar, at the base of the tooth 9. Most anterior point of the first molar, at the base of the tooth 10. Most posterior point of the canine, at the base of the tooth 11. Most anterior point of the canine, at the base of the tooth

Semilandmarks Equidistant points between 1 and 11, following the dorsal contour of the cranium

3 Table S1 (cont.):

Landmarks 1. Most posterior point of the mandibular condyle 2. Most posterior and dorsal point of the angular process 3. Most posterior point of the tooth row, at the base of the tooth 4. Most posterior point of the second premolar, at the base of the tooth 5. Most posterior point of the canine, at the base of the tooth 6. Most anterior point of the canine, at the base of the tooth

Semilandmarks Equidistant points between 1 and 3, following the contour of the coronoid process Equidistant points between 2 and 6, following the ventral contour of the mandible

4 Figure S1: Size ranges across diets in the species included in this study.

5 Figure S2: The relationship between size (logCentroid) and shape derived from landmark data (allometry) for (a) ventral cranium and (b) lateral cranium. CAC = Common Allometric Component of shape data, an estimate of the average allometric trend within groups. Deformation grids illustrate the shape of the smallest and largest specimens relative to the average specimen.

(a) (b)

6 Figure S3: The relationship between size (logCentroid) and shape derived from landmark data (allometry) for the lateral mandible. CAC = Common Allometric Component of shape data, an estimate of the average allometric trend within groups. Deformation grids illustrate the shape of the smallest and largest specimens relative to the average specimen.

7 Figure S4: Principal Components (PC) of lateral shape of the mandible for insectivorous, animalivorous, carnivorous and piscivorous bats included in this study. Deformation grids and warped morphologies are displayed to illustrate the major shape trends along PC1.