Links Between Bristol & the USA. Article

1 File Ref: A:\USA-LINK.JLJ 2 Date:30 April 2018 3 TLHG Library Classn. Ref: 4 1 Bristol - America Links. 2 Compiled by Julian Lea-Jones from various sources - Updated September 1994.

5 6 1 7 8 File Ref: A:\USA-LINK.JLJ 9 Date:30 April 2018 10 TLHG Library Classn. Ref: 11 3 4 The following article lists as many "links" as possible together with a brief explanation. An initial version 5 produced in February 1984 for BBC Radio Bristol to support a proposed Bristol/USA tour built upon the 6 work done by one of our members, Dan Bentham, in the 1950s. Dan, the originator of "Bentham's Bristol 7 Guides" used to publish a very good walking guide titled "A tour of America in Bristol". Long out of print, I 8 hope that this article will go a little way towards making up the loss. 9 10 The information is divided into four sections: 11 1 A list of well known people, together with their; function, role, period and place of interest. 12 2 Where possible separate biographical notes have been prepared for each and are appended. 13 3 Some outline information on the industries etc that could provide further points of communication. 14 4 Groups or organisations that could provide more help. 15 16 Background interest: 17 18 My particular interest in links between Bristol and America is because I am the first member of our family in 19 the last three generations to be born in England, my parents, Bermudian and Canadian were living here 20 during WWII. Our family emigrated to America from Wales in the late 18th or early 19th century and my 21 great grandfather’s, first living was as Rector for the Episcopalian Church in Angelica, Pennsylvania. From 22 there the family moved first to New York, The Zion Church, off Broadway, then to Bermuda , then Turks & 23 Caicos before returning to St Mary's Church, Warwick in Bermuda. My earlier connections with Bermuda are 24 through my tenth Great Grandfather who was clerk and chaplain to King James VI, of Scotland, (First of 25 England), at Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh, after service for the King as Chaplain to his Navy, he became 26 Cahplain to the Fleet with Martin Pring, (Admiral of the East India Company), Upon retirement, he was 27 elected to the Governing Council of Virginia and Bermuda where he settled in the early 17 th Century. 28 Although I married in England and have lived here since my teens I still have relatives in Maryland, 29 Wisconsin, Florida and Canada. 30 31 ----oOo----

12 13 2 14 15 File Ref: A:\USA-LINK.JLJ 16 Date:30 April 2018 17 TLHG Library Classn. Ref: 18 32 Section 1 - General list of people in alphabetical order with Key Association & Date. 33 Amerike/Ameryke, Richard...... Bristol Merchant/Customs Officer...... Cabot - 1497 34 Asbury, Francis...... Methodist, Superintendent for North America...... Wesley - 1784 35 Blackwell, Elizabeth...... America's First Lady Doctor...... New York - 1849 36 Blackwell, Samuel...... Elizabeth's Father, Sugar Refiner...... America - 1832 37 Bradley, Omar, General...... Normandy landings, ...... 1st Army HQ @ Bristol- 1940's 38 Bridges, James...... Architect of Bristol Bridge etc...... Pennsylvania - 1756 39 Brunel, Isambard Kingdom...... Engineer, SS Great Britain etc...... Bristol/NY - 1884 40 Carey, Israel...... Clay smoking pipe mfr...... US East Coast - 1800's 41 Coke, Thomas, Doctor...... Methodist, Joint Superintendent (see Asbury)...... Wesley - 1784 42 Crook, Harry...... Founder of Kleen-E-Ze Brush Co...... Fuller Brush - 1912 43 Cruger, Henry, MP. Senator...... Merchant/Sheriff/Mayor/Councillor...... NY 1739 44 Dinwiddie, Robert...... Surveyor Gen new world colonies & Gov. Virginia...... 1753 45 Finzel, Conrad...... Sugar Refiner & Christian Philanthropist...... Finzel Virginia - 1870 46 Fox, George...... 47 48 Gorges, Ferdinand, Sir...... Founder of the Virginia Co - 1606 49 Guy, John...... Established Coy. for the colonisation of Newfoundland - 1609 50 Guy, Philip...... Established Coy. for the colonisation of Newfoundland - 1609 51 James, Thomas, Captain...... Explorer, Northwest Passage to the Pacific - 1631 52 Jay, John...... Merchant/Sheriff/Shipowner/Explorer - 1493 53 Johnstone, ??...... Governor of West Florida - 1759 54 Kosciuszko, Thaddeus...... 55 Lee, J. P. 56 Logan, James...... 57 Metford, William Ellis...... 58 Penn, William Junior...... 59 Penrose, Llewelian...... 60 Pinney, John, Praetor...... 61 Pring, Martin...... 62 Sharples, Ellen...... 63 Sharples, James...... 64 Van de Horst, Elias...... 65 Washington, Henry, Col...... 66 Webb, Thomas, Captain...... 67 Wesley, Charles...... 68 Wesley, John...... 69 Whitson, John......

19 20 3 21 22 File Ref: A:\USA-LINK.JLJ 23 Date:30 April 2018 24 TLHG Library Classn. Ref: 25 70 Section 2 - Summary of biographical information about each of those listed, any more information that our 71 readers have about any of the individuals would be welcomed. 72 73 1 Richard Amerike, Bristol Merchant/Customs officer Bristol 1497. Cabot is reputed to have named 74 America after him. 75 76 Merchant, and 'customer' i.e customs officer, in Bristo in 1497. King Henry VII ordered him to 77 pay John Cabot* £10 and an annual pension of £20 as a reward for discovering the North 78 American continent, and payments were made to Cabot in 1497 and 1498. His daughter Johanna* 79 married lawyer, John Brook, and is buried in St. Mary Redcliffe church (1) with a fine memorial 80 brass on her tomb. 81 82 There is evidence that, at least in Bristol, Cabot's discoveries were known as "the land of Amerike" 83 from 1497 onwards. It seems possible that this designation bacame generally applied, though 84 people overseas, not knowing of the Bristol customs officer, would assume that the name derived 85 from Amerigo Vespucci who achieved considerable fame in American exploration. 86 87 2 Asbury, Francis...... Methodist, Superintendent for North America...... Wesley - 1784 88 89 Admitted as a Methodist preacher at the Bristol Conference in 1768. Felt a call to go to America 90 and, with Richard Wright, volunterred to do so at the Methodist Conference held in the New 91 Room, Bristol (14) in 1771. In 1784 John Wesley* designated him jointly with Dr, Coke* as 92 Superintendent over the Methodist brethren in North America, with a power to ordain preachers. 93 By election, Asbury became the first Methodist ****** in North America. An ardent evangelist, 94 he rode 275,000 miles on horseback, and led a spartan existence. 95 96 3 Elizabeth Blackwell, Bristolian. Her father Samual Blackwell, sugar refiner @ Counterslip AND 97 after a disasterous fire the business failed and the family emigrated to America, first to New York 98 and then to Philadelphia. When her father died she took a job as companion to a woman dying of 99 cancer as a result of this she became determined to be a doctor. First Lady Doctor in America 100 1849. (Born Feb 3rd 1821). (Buried at Holy Loch). Geneva College N.Y. 101 102 103 Brook, Johanna (nee Amerike) (dates uncertain) 104 Daughter and heiress of Richard Amerike *. Married John Brook, who was a Judge of Assize. 105 Buried under a fine memorial brass bearing no date of death, in the floor in front of the High Altar 106 at St. Mary Redcliffe Church (1). 107 108 4 Blackwell, Samuel...... Elizabeth's Father, Sugar Refiner...... America - 1832 109 110 5 Bradley, Omar, General...... Normandy landings, ...... 1st Army HQ @ Bristol- 1940's 111 112 6 Bridges, James, Architect, designed the 18th century version of Bristol Bridge, and made notable 113 contributions to Bristol's eighteenth century architecture. 114 115 James bridges came to Bristol from Pennsylvania in about 1756 (place of birth unknown) and 116 practised as an architect until 1763 when he left for the West Indies. During which time he was

26 27 4 28 29 File Ref: A:\USA-LINK.JLJ 30 Date:30 April 2018 31 TLHG Library Classn. Ref: 32 117 commissioned in 1757 to design a replacement for the 500 years old Bristol Bridge (17). For six 118 years the Trustees for the building the new bridge dithered in the face of a strong lobby for a 119 single-arch bridge in opposition to Bridges' design for a three-arch bridge in a simple classical 120 style, using the original 13th century piers. The prolonged and acrimonious controversy led to 121 Bridges departure from Bristol, though the following year construction began to his design, for 122 which he was paid £650. It is ironic that after all this acrimony his bridge again needed re-building 123 in the 19th century, to provide wider carriage-ways for the increased traffic. Although this 124 widenining resulted in the replacement of the stone balustrades were by ones made of cast iron, the 125 arches of his bridge can still be seen beneath the overhanging carriage-ways, also the Stone 126 balustrades were rescued and can be seen today at Kingweston House to the north of Bristol. As a 127 result of the delays and arguements over the construction of Bristol Bridge he returned to West 128 Indies in 1763. 129 130 Whilst in Bristol James Bridges also designed the present St. Nicholas Church in the Perpendicular 131 Gothic style, to replace an old one which had to be demolished to improve the approach to the 132 Bridge. He also designed the Royal Fort, then a private residence, in the Georgian Classical style, 133 with Rococo embellishment particularly of the interior. He also is thought to have designed houses 134 at York Place, Redland, Arnos Court and St Werburghs Church. 135 136 137 138 7 Brunel, Isambard Kingdom....Engineer, SS Great Britain etc...... Bristol/NY - 1884 139 A genius with a wide ranging talent for solving the varied engineering problems in a rapidly 140 developing technological age. Designer of railways, stations, bridges, tunnels and ships. This 141 main examples of his work in Bristol are the Clifton Suspension Bridge (designed 1829-1831: 142 opened 1864), part of Temple Meads Railway Station (opened 1841) and the S.S. "Great Britain" 143 (3) (launched 1843). 144 145 8 Carey, Israel...... Clay smoking pipe mfr...... US East Coast - 1800's 146 147 9 Coke, Thomas, DoctorMethodist, Joint Superintendent (see Asbury) Wesley - 1784. Methodist 148 assistant to John Wesley - 1784 ordination of presbyters in Bristol was considered to be the point 149 of establishment of the Methodist Church in U.S of A. 150 151 M.A (Oxford). Ordained priest. Met John Wesley* 1776 and became closly associated with the 152 Methodist movement. "Set apart" by John Wesley in 1784 at the latter's home No. 6 Dighton 153 Street, Bristol (premises destroyed during Second World War) as General Superintendent for 154 America jointly with Francis Ashbury*; and adopted the title of Bishop in 1787. Became the 155 Missionary Bishop of Methodism, and died on his way to Ceylon. 156 157 10 Crook, Harry. Founder of Kleen-E-Ze Brush Co. Fuller Brush - 1912. Bristolian emigrated to ( ? ) 158 USA in 1912 worked for Fuller Brush Co. Returned to Bristol 1923 rented a few sq. yds. in 159 Furniture factory and set up Kleen-E-Ze, Mlderman, Mayor. Company is now multinational. 160 161 11 Cruger, Henry, MP. Senator Merchant/Sheriff/Mayor/Councillor. Born in New York in 1739. 162 Born in New York. Arrived in Bristol 1757. Married Ellen Peach, daughter of Samuel 163 Peach of Tockington, Gloucestershire. Lived at No. 1 Great George Street and had offices

33 34 5 35 36 File Ref: A:\USA-LINK.JLJ 37 Date:30 April 2018 38 TLHG Library Classn. Ref: 39 164 (Cruger & Mallard) at "99 on the Key" (Quay). Sheriff of Bristol 1766. Elected Member 165 of Parliament (with Edmund Burke) 1774-1780. Master of Society of Mechant Venturers 166 1781, also Mayor of Bristol in the same year, and remained a City Councillor till his death. 167 Re-elected as Member of Parliament 1784 until 1790, when he finally returned to America 168 where he became a Senator in New York his home State. 169 170 12 Dinwiddie, Robert. Surveyor Gen new world colonies & Gov. Virginia. 1753. Finzel, Conrad. 171 Sugar Refiner & Christian Philanthropist. Virginia - 1870 172 173 13 Fox, George (1624-1691). Founder of the Society of Friends of Truth, nicknamed the "Quakers", 174 during the 1650's. Fox visited the Bristol meeting and in 1669 married Margaret Fell in Bristol. 175 Spent nearly two years establishing the Society in America, landing at Bristol on his return to 176 England in 1673, and visiting the new Meeting Room at Quakers' Friars (15). Various other visits 177 to Bristol. Died in London 1691. 178 179 14 Gorges, Ferdinand, Sir. Founder of the Virginia Co - 1606. From Wraxall, founded Virginia Co. 180 in 1606 was considered to be the "father of English Colonization in America". 181 182 15 Guy, John. Established Coy. for the colonisation of Newfoundland - 1609. 183 184 16 Guy, Philip. Established Coy. for the colonisation of Newfoundland - 1609. 185 186 17 James, Thomas, Captain, (?1593-1635). Barrister, Privateer Captain and Explorer. In 1631 187 commanded expedition in Bristol ship "Henrietta Maria" (in honour of Charles 's queen), 70-80 188 tons, with crew of 22 men and boys and 2 dogs, which explored Hudson's Bay in search of the 189 Northwest Passage to the Pacific - 1631. Discovered Resolution Island 17/6/1631. "Harbour of 190 Gods Providence" (James Bay) Nottingham & Digges Islands 5/7/1631. Port Nelson 11/8/1631. 191 Charlton 29/8/1631. Spent winter on "Brandon Hill" island, so called after a landmark of that name 192 in Bristol, returning to Bristol in October the next year. (A commerorative Plaque was at the Quay 193 Head in Bristol until the city officials took it away for "safe keeping". This is in spite of the 194 promises made to re-instate it after the completion of the beautification of the quayside. If you feel 195 strongly about this contact the Conservation officer at the City Council House at College Green 196 Bristol). His Subsequent career was in British Royal Navy. 197 198 18 Jay, John, Merchant/Sheriff/Shipowner/Explorer - 1493. Merchant Shipowner & Sheriff of Bristol 199 1493. Possibly a friend of John Cabot*, as both were parishioners of St. Mary Redcliffe Church 200 (1). 201 202 In 1480 (12 years before Colombus' first voyage to the New World) with Thomas Lloyd, sailed 203 westwards to discover "the Isles of Brazil", but returned after nine weeks' cruising in the Atlantic 204 without sighting land. Buried under a fine memorial brass, on which the year of death is left blank, 205 by the High Altar of St. Mary Redcliffe Church (1) showing him with his wife, six sons and eight 206 daughters. 207 208 19 Johnstone, ??, Governor of West Florida - 1759. 209 210 20 Kosciuszko, Thaddeus, Polish Patriot, stayed at Bristol 1797 after escaping from Russians. First

40 41 6 42 43 File Ref: A:\USA-LINK.JLJ 44 Date:30 April 2018 45 TLHG Library Classn. Ref: 46 211 went to Philadelphia in 1776 as Military Engineer, organized defences in Continental Army, @ 212 Delaware River Forts, Saratoga, West Point. (A commemorative Plaque in Bristol @ 37 Queens 213 Square), and a bronze bust at "the architect of the Capitol Washington D.C.) 214 215 21 Metford, William Ellis, born at Taunton, lived in Bristol, Elm Lane, Redland, significant 216 improvements in rifle design. Con-joint inventor of improved rifle - the Lee Metford in user until 217 1930's. Mr Gibbs Gunsmith Park Row, Proprietor & Sole inventor of the Metford sporting rifle 4 218 Gold Medals. (Metford Road in Redland, Bristol). (J.P.Lee, Scottish origin, Watchmaker in USA, 219 invented Box magazine and repeating system, (Founder of Lee Firearms Co in Milwaukee 1860's). 220 221 22 Logan, James, (1674-1751), Secretary to Sir William Penn @ Bristol 1698 Ultimately became 222 Chief Justice & Governor of Philadelphia (Rare work of his (book) in Bristol Archives). Born in 223 Ireland of Scottish parents and an able scholar, he was school master of the Quakers' Friars (15) 224 school from 1694 to 1699. He then went to Pennsylvania as William Penn's* secretary. A 225 devoted supporter of William Penn, he served in may offices in the new colony, becoming Chief 226 Justice, and Governor. 227 228 23 Penn, William Junior, (1644-1718). (Son of Admiral Sir William Penn*), Expelled from Christ 229 Church, Oxford, for religi=ous non-conformity 1662. Became a member of the Society of Friends 230 of Truth ("Quakers"). Met George Fox*, founder of the Quakers, in Bristol, on Fox's return from 231 America. By Royal Charter dated 4th March, 1681, King Charles II granted territory in North 232 America for development as a Quaker colony in settlement of debts owed by the Crown to 233 Admiral Sir William Penn, William Penns father. William Penn wanted it named "New Wales" 234 and when that was rejected, "Sylvania"; but the King insisted on the name "Pennsylvania" in 235 honour of the Admiral. Penn’s friendship at Court, especially with the Roman Catholic King, 236 James II, enable him to alleviate the persecution of Quakers. Married, as his second wife, Hannah 237 Callowhill of Bristol, at Quakers' Friars (15), 1696. Several children of this marriage born in 238 Bristol. 239 240 24 Penrose, Llewelyan, Seaman ended up in Merchants Almshouse 1700's. Lost his two sons at 241 Battle of Bunkers Hill. Wrote a journal which Edgar Allen Poe is supposed to have used for the 242 novel "The Gold Beatle". 243 244 25 Pinney, John, Praetor, Born John Pretor, he inherited the estates, and took the name of a cousin 245 John Frederick Pinney in 1762. He successfully managed the family plantation in St. Kitts and 246 Nevis Islands until 1783 when he returned to Bristol. Here he established a flourishing firm of 247 sugar merchants, Pinney & Tobin. Died 1818 at No.7, Great George Street (8), the house he had 248 built as a family residence. 249 250 251 26 Pring, Martin, (1580-1627), Explorer, first voyage to North Virginia June 1603. Named bay 252 'whitson' after Sponsor. (17 years later renamed Plymouth by Pilgrim fathers). Stayed for 8 253 weeks, surveyed coast, bought back cargo of Sassafras, a medicinal herb. Second voyage to 254 Survey Coast 1606, (Memorial in North Wall of St Stephens). In 1603 led an expedition in the 255 "Speedwell" to the place later named Plymouth Harbour, Massachusetts, which he called "Whitson 256 Harbour" after John Whitson*, one of the Bristol merchants financing the expedition. Stayed for 257 two months to confirm that English crops would grow in America, and then returned. In 1606 he

47 48 7 49 50 File Ref: A:\USA-LINK.JLJ 51 Date:30 April 2018 52 TLHG Library Classn. Ref: 53 258 explored the coast of Virginia, America, this expedition being financed by Sir Ferdinando Gorges. 259 Subsequently employed by the East India Company. 260 261 27 Sharples, Ellen, 262 28 Sharples, James, Artists, went to America in 1794, during the next 8 years, his skill as a miniaturist 263 was in great demand. Completed portraits of: Washington (President 2nd term 1793 - 1796), 264 Adams, (President 1797 - 1800), Jefferson (President 1801 - 1804, 1805 - 1809), Hamilton, (A 265 minature of John Adams is in the Mary Evans picture library) where ?? 266 They came back to England briefly but returned to America where he died in 1811. 267 Mrs Sharples returned to Bristol and lived at No. 3 St Vincents Parade at Hotwells. Her bequests were 268 responsible for the establishment of the first Art Academy in Bristol (RWA) 1832. 269 270 Van de Horst, Elias...... 271 272 Washington, Henry, Col...... 273 Royalist Soldier for K.Ch.I in 1643 successfully breached parliamentary forces in Bristol. (Plaque to 274 commemorate feat outside City Museum marks approximate positon) was a co-lateral ancestor of George 275 Washington, 1st President of U.S.A. 276 277 Webb, Thomas, Captain...... 278 A regular soldier, he "found peace" in Bristol under John Wesley* in 1765, and thereafter combined 279 preaching with his military career. Died in Bristol in 1796 and buried at Portland Chapel (no longer 280 existing) for the building of which he was largely responsible. 281 282 Wesley, Charles...... 283 Became secretary to Govenor Oglethorpe of the Georgia Colony in 1736. Upon his return to Bristol took 284 charge of the Society andlived at Charles St No, 4 (A plaque marks the house, private residence). 285 286 WESLEY, Charles (1707-1788) 287 While at Christ Church, Oxford University, in 1729, with his elder brother, John, and others in a group 288 known as the "Holy Club", formulated a strict method of religious observance and study, whence the 289 nickname applied to them of "Methodists". M.A and ordained priest. Secretary to Governor Oglethorpe 290 of the Colony of Georgia in America 1736. "***** rest to his soul" Whitsunday 1738. In 1739 took 291 charge of the ****** at Bristol, also undertaking extensive evangelising tours in England and Wales. 292 Married Sarah Gwynne, and thereafter lived at No. 4, Charles Street (13), Stokes Croft in Bristol. In 1771 293 he moved to London where he died 29th March 1788. A number of Charles' children were baptised at St. 294 James Priory Church (12), which remained the parish church of John and Charles Wesley throughout their 295 Bristol ministry. Charles Wesley's views diverged from those of his brother, John, but he preached and 296 travelled extensively throughout his life. A great versifier, he is credited with having composed over 297 6,000 hymns. 298 299 Wesley, John...... 300 John Wesley with brother Charles formulated 'Methodism'. John went to Georgia as colony missionary 301 during the period 1735 - 1738. 302 303 WESLEY, John (1703-1791) 304 M.A and a Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford University. Ordained priest. With his brother, Charles*

54 55 8 56 57 File Ref: A:\USA-LINK.JLJ 58 Date:30 April 2018 59 TLHG Library Classn. Ref: 60 305 and others, formulated a strict mehtod of religious observance and study, whence the name applied to 306 them of "Methodists". Missionary to Colony of Georgia, America, 1735-1738. "Converted" 24th May 307 1738 (though remaining a priest of the Church of England). On 2nd April 1739, addressed first open-air 308 meeting in Bristol, 3rd June 1739, first meeting in "The New Room" (14) in the Horsefair, Bristiol, then 309 under construction. Organised his followers into circuits and class meetings, and convened representative 310 conferences, several in Bristol, Founded schol at Kingswood, near Bristo which became school for 311 preachers' sons. Married Mary Vazeille 1751. Separated twenty-five years later. 312 313 Richard Boardman and Joseph Polmoor were selected at a Methodist Conference at Leeds to answre "a 314 pressing call" from New York. Francis Asbury, at a Methodist Conference held in the Bristol New Room 315 in 1771 volunteered to go to America, and became Superintendent and first Bishop of the Methodist 316 Episcopal Church, U.S.A. 317 318 Dr Coke "set apart" by John Wesley in 1784 to become General Superintendent in U.S.A jointly with 319 Asbury, subsequently becoming Bishop. Died in London 2nd March 1791. 320 321 Whitson, John...... 322 John Whitson, who was an Alderman, Merchant, Sherrif, Mayor and MP (several times) of Bristol 323 financed the Martin Pring 1603 expedition. Whitsom (Plymouth) Bay named after him. Founded Red 324 Maids School in Bristol (tomb is in St Nicholas Crypt,. Founders day candlelight service held annually 325 about 17th November. 326 327 WHITSON, John (1557-1629) 328 Wealthy merchant, sheriff, alderman and mayor of, and several ****** Member of Parliament for, Bristol. 329 With Rober Aldworth, financed an expedition in 1603, led by Martin Pring*, which spent two months at 330 Whitson Bay, renamed Plymouth Harbour by the Pilgrim Fathers when they reached there seventeen years 331 afterwards. Buried in the crypt of St. Nicholas' Church (16) Bristol. 332 333

61 62 9 63 64 File Ref: A:\USA-LINK.JLJ 65 Date:30 April 2018 66 TLHG Library Classn. Ref: 67 334 Section 2 - Summary of biographical information about each of those listed, any more information 335 that our readers have about any of the individuals would be welcomed. 336 2.1 Astbury, Francis. Methodist, Superintendant in______America 1784. 337 338 2.2 Ameryke, Richard. Bristol Merchant, Customs Officer in Bristol 1497. Cabot reputed to have 339 named America in his honour. 340 341 2.3 Blackwell, Elizabeth. Bristolian, First Lady Doctor, Geneva College, New York 1849. 342 343 2.4 Bridges, James. Pennsylvanian, Architect, re-designed Bristol Bridge in 1756. 344 345 2.5 Brunel, Isambard Kingdom. Engineer, many accomplishments included Design of: SS Great 346 Britain the first steam powered, screw driven transatlantic passenger ship, 1884. 347 348 349

68 69 10 70 71 File Ref: A:\USA-LINK.JLJ 72 Date:30 April 2018 73 TLHG Library Classn. Ref: 74 350 351 Section 3 Some outline information on the industries etc that could provide avenues for further 352 research. 353 354 355 356 Section 4 Groups or organisations interested in links between Bristol & USA and may be able 357 to provide help.

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