Ch. 19 Test Study Guide/Growth of Industry

1. Railroads helped encourage the growth of our country both physically & economically. By 1900, ______miles of track existed.

2. By the 1890’s there were ______transcontinental railroads in existence.

3. Railroads would improve in a variety of ways. To simplify how all tracks would be laid out, a ______gauge would eventually be adopted.

4. Railroads also led to the creation & adoption of time zones. What are two things time zones would help simplify?

5. How many total time zones are there total?

6. If you travel east, you _____ an hour while if you travel west you ______an hour.

7. Numerous inventions would occur in the late 1800’s onward. Alexander Graham Bell invented the ______in _____ (year) which allowed speech/voices to be transmitted.

8. Thomas Edison invented the _____ in _____ (year) providing visibility at night.

9. The Wright Brothers invented the ______in ____ (year), eventually providing Americans with an alternative way to travel.

10. Henry Ford invented the automobile...true or false?

11. Henry Ford introduced a new method of production. This was a step-by-step production process called the ______.

12. Many automobiles would be produced by Ford. Producing a large amount of a certain product was called ______.

13. Industrial growth would occur due to the existence of various “factors of production” within the U.S. There was plenty of _____ available to be used by businesses due to our expansion westward during the 1800’s.

14. L______in the U.S. was available since our population was continuously growing over the years.

15. C______, or money, was a third key ingredient that was available & could be obtained in various ways. 16. If someone didn’t have the money themselves to start a business, banks were willing to give people _____ since they would make money off the interest they charged.

17. Companies could also obtain money through investment. Know the correct order for investment.

18. Some individuals became very wealthy as big businesses began to grow & emerge. John D. Rockefeller became wealthy selling oil while Andrew Carnegie became wealthy selling steel. These gentlemen, along with others, sometimes used unfair business tactics to obtain their wealth & control. What do you call it when companies “team up” & work together to help gain an advantage over their competitors?

19. A ______(the combining of companies) can sometimes lead to an unfair advantage.

20. A ______means that one company has total control over a certain industry or market.

21. The above unfair business practices (#’s 18-20) resulted in _____ (a little or a lot) of competition to exist over time.

22. Fair competition, though, is what consumers want. Forcing companies to compete with one another forces them to _____ their prices.

23. Competition between businesses also forces them to ____ the quality of their products.

24. To help increase & encourage fair competition, Congress would begin to regulate businesses through various _____ over time.

25. Due to the growth of various industries & businesses, workers would have to organize into unions to help fight for their rights. The more members a union had, the greater its strength, power, and influence would be…true or false.

26. Over time, workers would have to deal with various working conditions as industries and businesses grew. Which one of the following is not one of the conditions unions have fought to change or improve? (low wages, unsafe/poor working conditions, long hours, equal pay for immigrants)

27. If needed, union members would then choose to strike. By going on strike, the idea is to hopefully cost the company ____ since workers are not available to produce the product(s).

28. Strikers can also hurt the company’s ______since they are publicly protesting. 29. The desired outcome of a strike is to hopefully use _____ to eventually come to an agreement between both sides.

30. Know the general time frame for the growth of our economy and industries.