Compiled by Daniel Vallauri, WWF

SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES

Compiled by Daniel Vallauri, WWF 1. Definition and concepts for a new discipline ALIFRIQUI, M., BENCHAÂBANE, A. JAAFAR, B. 1995. La réhabilitation des espaces dégradés, une entreprise globale. In PONTANIER, R., M’HIRI, A., AKRIMI, N., ARONSON, J., LE FLOC’H, E. 1995. L’Homme peut-il refaire ce qu’il a défait ? pp. 403-417. ALLEN, E.B. 1988. Ecological approaches in theory and practice : to what degree is reconstruction possible. In ALLEN, E.B. Boulder (eds.) 1988. The reconstruction of disturbed arid lands : an ecological approach. Wesview press, 257-261. ARONSON, J., LE FLOC’H, E. 1996. Hierarchies and landscape history : Dialoguing with Hobbs and Norton. Restoration ecology, volume 4, n°4 : 327-333. ARONSON, J., LE FLOC’H, E. 1996. Vital landscape attributes : missing tools for restoration ecology. Restoration ecology, volume 4, n°4 : 377-387. Bell, S.S., Fonseca, M.S., Motten, L.B. 1997. Linking restoration and landscape ecology. Restoration ecology, volume 5, n°4 : 318-323. BERGER, J.J. (eds.) 1990. Environmental restoration. Science and strategies for restoring the earth. ? pages BERGER, J.J. 1993. Ecological restoration and nonindigenous plant species : a review. Restoration ecology, 1 (June) : 74-82. Clewell, A., Rieger, J.P. 1997. What practitioners need from restoration ecologists. Restoration ecology, volume 5, n°4 : 350-354. DHILLION, S.S. 1995. Reconstitution de l’hétérogénéité environnementale par les techniques de restauration : interactions des espèces, caractéristique du micro-site et pertinence de la diversité des espèces. In PONTANIER, R., M’HIRI, A., AKRIMI, N., ARONSON, J., LE FLOC’H, E. 1995. L’Homme peut-il refaire ce qu’il a défait ? pp. 187-189. Ehrenfeld, J.G., Toth, L.A. 1997. Restoration ecology and the ecosystem perspective. Restoration ecology, volume 5, n°4 : 307-317. Higgs, E.S. 1997. What is a good ecological restoration ? Conservation biology, 11(2) : 338-348. HOBBS, R.J., NORTON, D.A. 1996. Towards a conceptual framework for restoration ecology. Restoration ecology, volume 4, n°2 : 93-110. HOLGATE, M.W., WOODMAN, M.J. (eds.) 1978. The breakdown and restoration of ecosystems. Proceedings of the conference on the rehabilitation of severely damaged land and freshwater ecosystems in the temperate zones, Reykjavik, Iceland, 4-10 July 1976. Plenum press, 496 pages. Hüttl, R.F., Schneider, B.U. 1998. Forest ecosystem degradation and restoration. Ecological engineering, 10 : 19-31. JACKSON, L.L., LOPOUKHINE, N., HILLYARD, D. 1995. Ecological restoration : a definition and comments. Restoration ecology, voluem 3, n°2 : 71-75. JORDAN, W.R. III 1988. Ecological restoration : reflections on a half-century of experience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison arboretum. In WILSON, E.O. (ed.) 1988. Biodiversity. Washington D.C., National Academy Press. Pages 311-316. JORDAN, W.R. III, GIPLIN, M.E., ABER, J.D. (eds.) 1987. Restoration ecology : a synthetic approach to ecological research. Cambridge university press, 342 pages. LE FLOC’H, E., ARONSON, J. 1995. Ecologie de la restauration. Définitions de quelques concepts de base. Nature-Sciences-Société, n° hors-série : 29-35. Lesica, P., Allendorf, F.W. 1999. Ecological genetics and the restoration of plant communities : mix or match ? Restoration ecology, 1 : 42-50.

______WWF INTERNATIONAL - FORESTS FOR LIFE PROGRAMME UNIT - tt/01/jj 1 Lugo, A.E. 1997. The apparent paradox of reestablishing species richness on degraded lands with tree monocultures. Forest ecology and management, 99 : 9-19. Montalvo, A.M., Williams, S.L., Rice, K.L., Buchmann, S.L., Cory, C., Handel, S.N., Nabhan, G.P., Primack, R., Robichaux, R.H. 1997. Restoration biology : a population biology perspective. Restoration ecology, volume 5, n°4 : 277-290. NABHAN, G.P. 1991. Restoring and re storying the landscape. Restoration management notes, volume 9 (1) : 3-4. Palmer, M.A., Ambrose, R.F., Leroy Poff, N. 1997. Ecological theory and community restoration ecology. Restoration ecology, volume 5, n°4 : 291-300. Parker, V. T., and S. T. A. Pickett. 1997. Restoration as an ecosystem process: implications of the modern ecological paradigm. In: K. M. Urbanska, N. W. Webb, and P. J. Edwards (eds.). Restoration Ecology and Sustainable Development. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (in press). Parker, V. T., and S. T. A. Pickett. 1997. Understanding implications of the modern ecological paradigm: viewing restoration as a process. pp. In: D. L. Peterson and C. V. Klimas, (eds.). The Role of Restoration in Ecosystem Management. Society of Ecological Restoration, Madison, Wisconsin (in press). Parker, V.T. 1997. The scale of successional models and restoration objectives. Restoration ecology, volume 5, n°4 : 301-306. PICKETT, S.T.A, PARKER, V.T. 1994. Avoiding old pitfalls : opportunities in a new discipline. Restoration ecology, volume 2, n°2 : 75-79. Vallauri, D. 1998. Towards a long term ecological framework for forest restoration programs. An illustration from restoration for erosion control on badlands in south-western Alps (France). Ecologie, 29 (1) : 189-192. Vallauri, D., Chauvin, Ch. 1997. L'écologie de la restauration appliquée à la forêt. Revue forestière française, n°3, 195-203 pages. Whisenant, S. G. 1999. Repairing Damaged Wildlands: a process-oriented, landscape-scale approach. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. White, P.S., Walker, J.L. 1997. Approximating nature’s variation : selecting and using reference information in restoration ecology. Restoration ecology, volume 5, n°4 : 338-349. WYANT, J.G., MEGANCK, R.A., HAM, S.H. 1995. A planning and decision-making framework for ecological restoration. Environmental management, 6 : 789-796. WYANT, J.G., MEGANCK, R.A., HAM, S.H. 1995. The need for an environmental restoration decision framework. Ecological engineering, 5 : 417-420. YATES, C.J., HOBBS, R.J. 1997. Woodland restoration in the western australian wheatbelt : a conceptual framework using a state and transition model. Restoration ecology, vol. 5, n°1 : 28-35.

______WWF INTERNATIONAL - FORESTS FOR LIFE PROGRAMME UNIT - tt/01/jj 2 2. Forest applications

Temperate forest ecosystems Allen, J.A. 1997. Reforestation of bottomland hardwoods and the issue of woody species diversity. Restoration ecology, volume 5, n°2 : 125-134. ARNO, S.F., HARRINGTON, M.G., FIEDLER, C. E., CARLSON, C.E. 1995. Restoring fire-dependant Ponderosa pine forests in western Montana. Restoration and mangement notes, 13 (1) : 32-36. Ashby, W.C. 1997. Soil ripping and herbicides enhance tree and shrub restoration on stripmines. Restoration ecology, volume 5, n°2 : 169-177. AUSTAD, I., SKOGEN, A. 1990. Restoration of a deciduous woodland in western Norway formely used for fodder production : effect on tree canopy and field layer. Vegetatio, volume 88 (1) : 1-20. Brockway, D. G. 1998. Restoring longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem : plant cover, diversity and biomass following low rate hexazinone application on Florida sandhills. Forest ecology and management, 103 (2-3) : 159-175. Clewell, A. F. 1999. Restoration of a riverine forest at Hall Branch on phosphate-mined land, Florida. Restoration ecology, 1 : 1-14. Collectif O.N.F., 1997. Réimplanter la forêt. Arborescence, n°65. Dzwonko, Z., Loster, S. (1997) Effects of dominant trees and anthropogenic disturbances on species richness and floristic composition of secondary communities in southern Poland. Journal of Applied Ecology, 34, 861- 870. Egerton, J (1996) Tree planting in cold climates - Lessons from fundamental research. Australian Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 9 (1): 37-42. Ellis, L.M., Molles, M.C. Jr, Crawford, C.S. 1999. Influence of experimental flooding on litter dynamics in a Rio Grande riparian forest, New Mexico. Restoration ecology, 2 : 193-204. Francis, J. L., Morton, A.J. 1995. Restoring the woodland field layer in young plantations and new woodlands. In Urbanska, K.M., Grodzinska, K. (eds.) 1995. Restoration ecology in Europe, 1-13. Handel, S.N., Robinson, G.R., Parsons, W.F.J., Mattei, J.H. 1997. Restoration of woody plants to capped landfills : root dynamics in an engineered soil. Restoration ecology, volume 5, n°2 : 178-186. HELLIWELL, D.R., BUCKLEY, G.P., FORDHAM, S.J., PAUL, T.A. 1996. Vegetation succession on a relocated ancient woodland soil. Forestry, volume 69 (1) : 57-74. HIGASHI, S., YONEYAMA, T., HIGASHI, S. 1994. Forest-restoration effect at Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Rupr. plantations on two small islands in northern Japan. Kagoshima Daigaku Rigakubu Kiyo. Chigaku seibutsugaku, n°27 : 209-219. Karen, O., Nylund, J.E. 1996. Effects of N-free fertilization on ectomycorrhizal community structure in Norway spruce stands in southern Sweden. Plant and soil, 181(2) : 295-305. Kilian, W. Forest site degradation – temporary deviation from the natural site potential. Ecological engineering, 10 : 5-18. Larson, D.W. 1996. Brown’s wood : an early gravel pit forest project, Ontario, Canada. Restoration ecology, volume 4, n°1 : 11-18. LENZ, R., HABER, W. 1992. Approaches for restoration of forest ecosystems in northeastern Bavaria. Ecological modelling, 63 : 299-317. Mc CHESNEY, C.J., KOCH, J.M., BELL, D.T. 1995. Jarrah forest restoration in western Australia : canopy and topographic effects. Restoration ecology, volume 3 (2) : 105-110. NORTON, D.A. 1991. Restoration of indigenous vegetation on sites disturbed by alluvial gold mining in Westland. University of Canterbury and New Zealand ministry of commerce, 31 pages. PACKARD, S. 1993. Restoring oak ecosystems. Restoration and mangement notes, 11 (1) : 5-16. Roelle, J.E., Gladwin, N. 1999. Establishment of woody riparian species from natural seedfall at a former gravel pit. Restoration ecology, 2 : 183-192.

______WWF INTERNATIONAL - FORESTS FOR LIFE PROGRAMME UNIT - tt/01/jj 3 SAYEN, J. 1993. Landscape scale restoration. II. A plan for northern Appalachians. Restoration Management notes, 11 (1) : 20-22. Shankar, U. 1998. Ecosystem reconstruction through ‘taungya’ plantations following commercial logging of a dry, mixed deciduous forest in Darjeeling Himalaya. Forest ecology and management, 102(2-3) : 131-142. Shear, T.H., Adey, W.H., Lutz, S.M., Reese, E.G., Roberts, D.L. 1996. Comparison of restored and mature bottomland hardwood forests of southwestern Kentucky. Restoration ecology, 2 : 111-123. Stone, J.E., Kolb, T.E., Covington, W.W. 1999. Effects of restoration thinning on presettlement Pinus ponderosa in northern Arizona. Restoration ecology, 2 : 172-182. STRITCH, L.R. 1990. Landscape restoration of barrens woodland within the oak hickory forest mosaic. Restoration management notes, volume 8 (2) : 73-77. STURGESS, P., ATKINSON, D. 1993. The clear-felling of sand-dune plantations : soil and vegetational processes in habitat restoration. Biological conservation, volume 66 (3) : 171-183. SWANSON, A.P. 1994. Watershed restoration on the Chesapeake Bay. Journal of forestry, 92 (8) : 37-38. Thorbert, J.L., Burger, J.A., Probert, T., 1995. Evaluation of techniques to improve white pine establishment on an Appalachian minesoil. Journal of environmental quality, volume 24, n°5 : 869-873. Ward, S.C., Koch, J.M., Ainsworth, G.L. 1996. The effect of timing rehabilitation procedure on the establishment of a Jarrah forest after bauxite mining. Restoration ecology, 1 : 19-24. Ward, S.G., Koch, J.M. 1996. Biomass and nutrient distribution in a 15.5 year-old forest growing on a rehabilitated bauxite mine. Australian journal of ecology, 21(3) : 309-315. XIAO BING DA, LING ZHI CHE, JIAN HUI HUAN, 1990. The restoration of the destroyed forest vegetation in Yunmeng Mountain, Beijing. Vegetatio, volume 87 (2) : 145-150. HUVENNE, P., LUST, N., SPELEERS, L., DE VOS, B. 1997. Boisement des dépôts de boues draguées. Revue forestière française, XLIX, n°2 : 115-130. SMITH, F.C., JOHNSON, A.H., DRANOFF, M., WIBIRALSKE, A. 1997. Biomass and nutrient accumulation during natural afforestation of iron-smelting slag. Restoration ecology, vol. 5, n°1 : 56-65.

______WWF INTERNATIONAL - FORESTS FOR LIFE PROGRAMME UNIT - tt/01/jj 4 Mediterranean forest ecosystems and arid lands ALLEN, M.F. 1988. Belowground structure : a key for reconstructing a productive arid ecosystem. In ALLEN, E.B. Boulder (eds.) 1988. The reconstruction of disturbed arid lands : an ecological approach. Wesview press, 113-135. ARONSON, J., FLORET, C., LE FLOC’H, E., OVALLE, C., PONTANIER, R. 1993. Restoration and rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems in arid and semi-arid lands. I. A view from the south. Restoration ecology, 1 : 8-17. ARONSON, J., FLORET, C., LE FLOC’H, E., OVALLE, C., PONTANIER, R. 1993. Restoration and rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems in arid and semi-arid lands. II. Case studies in southern Tunisia, central Chile and northern Cameroon. Restoration ecology, 3 : 168-187. ARONSON, J., FLORET, C., LE FLOC’H, E., OVALLE, C., PONTANIER, R. 1995. Restauration et réhabilitation des écosystèmes dégradés en zones arides et semi-arides. Le vocabulaire et les concepts. In PONTANIER, R., M’HIRI, A., AKRIMI, N., ARONSON, J., LE FLOC’H, E. 1995. L’Homme peut-il refaire ce qu’il a défait ? pp. 11-29. DEPUIT, E.J, REDENTE, E.F. 1988. Manipulation of ecosystem dynamics on reconstructed semiarid lands. In ALLEN, E.B. Boulder (eds.) 1988. The reconstruction of disturbed arid lands : an ecological approach. Wesview press, 162-204. EWING, M.A. 1995. Pâturages à légumineuses annuelles : un élément essentiel pour la restauration et la réhabilitation des écosystèmes méditerranéens sous faible pluviométrie. In PONTANIER, R., M’HIRI, A., AKRIMI, N., ARONSON, J., LE FLOC’H, E. 1995. L’Homme peut-il refaire ce qu’il a défait ? pp. 161-186. Herrick, J.E., Havstad, K.M., Coffin, D.P. 1997. Rethinking remediation technologies for desertified landscapes. Journal of soil and water conservation, 52(4) : 220-225. LE HOUEROU, H.N. 1995. Dégradation, régénération et mise en valeur des terres sèches d’Afrique. In PONTANIER, R., M’HIRI, A., AKRIMI, N., ARONSON, J., LE FLOC’H, E. 1995. L’Homme peut-il refaire ce qu’il a défait ? pp. 65-102. Le Houerou, H.N. 1996. The role of cacti (Opuntia spp.) in erosion control, land reclamation and agricultural development in the mediterranean basin. Journal of Arid environments, 33(2) : 135-159. Lopez, G., Moro, M.J. (1997) Birds of Aleppo pine plantations in south-east Spain in relation to vegetation composition and structure. Journal of Applied Ecology, 34, 1257-1272. Ludwig, J.A., Tongway, D.J. 1996. Rehabilitation of semiarid landscapes in Australia. II. Restoring vegetation patches. Restoration ecology, 4(4) : 398-406. Neeman, G., Lahav, H., Izhaki, I. 1995. Recovery of vegetation in a natural east mediterranean pine forest on Mount Carmel, Israel, as affected by management strategies. Forest ecology and management, volume 75, n°1- 3 : 17-26. POUYAUD, B., ALBERGEL, J., CAMUS, H., CHEVALLIER, P., LAMACHERE, J.M. 1995. La réhabilitation des régimes hydriques et hydrologiques des terres semi-arides dégradées. In PONTANIER, R., M’HIRI, A., AKRIMI, N., ARONSON, J., LE FLOC’H, E. 1995. L’Homme peut-il refaire ce qu’il a défait ? pp. 49-64. RIOU, C. 1995. Micrométéorologie des phénomènes de dégradation et de restauration des terres ; facteurs microclimatiques en jeu. In PONTANIER, R., M’HIRI, A., AKRIMI, N., ARONSON, J., LE FLOC’H, E. 1995. L’Homme peut-il refaire ce qu’il a défait ? pp. 31-47. ROLDAN, A., ALBALADEJO, J. 1994. Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and soil restoration on the growth of Pinus halepensis in semiarid soil. Biology and fertility of soils, volume 18 (2) : 143-149. Tongway, D.J., Ludwig, J.A. 1996. Rehabilitation of semiarid landscapes in Australia. I. Restoring productive soil patches. Restoration ecology, 4(4) : 388-397. Vallauri, D. 1997. Aperçu sur l’évolution écologique des forêts dans les Préalpes du sud depuis la Révolution. Forêt Méditerranéenne, tome XVIII, n°4 : 327-339. Vallauri, D. 1997. Diversité végétale : un atout pour la restauration des espaces forestiers dégradés. Le cas de la R.T.M. sur substrats marneux dans les Préalpes du sud. Forêt méditerranéenne, tome XVIII, n°1 : 26-29. Vallauri, D. 1997. Dynamique de la restauration forestière des substrats marneux avec Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold ssp. nigra dans le secteur haut-provençal. Trajectoires dynamiques, avancement du processus de restauration et

______WWF INTERNATIONAL - FORESTS FOR LIFE PROGRAMME UNIT - tt/01/jj 5 diagnostic sur l’intégrité fonctionnelle des écosystèmes recréés. Thèse de doctorat présentée à l’Université de Marseille III et préparée au Cemagref de Grenoble. 300 pages + annexes. Vallauri, D. 1998. Relecture par un écologue des principaux écrits sur la restauration d’espaces érodés dans les Alpes du sud (1797-1994). Revue forestière française, n°4 : 367-378. Vallauri, D. 1999. Quel avenir pour les peuplements R.T.M. de Pin noir d’Autriche sur substrat marneux dans les Alpes du sud ? Revue forestière française, n°5 : 612-626. Vallauri, D., Aronson, J., Chauvin, Ch. (submitted). A 120 year-old forest restoration program on badlands in the southwestern Alps (France). Journal of forestry, 2 pages. Vallauri, D., Chauvin, Ch., Mermin, E. 1997. La restauration écologique des espaces forestiers dégradés dans les Alpes du sud. Chronique de 130 ans de restauration et problématique actuelle des forêts recréées en pin noir. Revue forestière française, n°5 : 433-449.

______WWF INTERNATIONAL - FORESTS FOR LIFE PROGRAMME UNIT - tt/01/jj 6 Tropical forest ecosystems Ashton, P.M.S., Gamage, S., Gunatilekke, I.A.U.N., Gunatilekke, C.V.S. (1997) Restoration of a Sri Lanka rainforest : using Caribbean pine Pinus caribaea as a nurse for establishing late-successional tree species. Journal of Applied Ecology, 34, 915-925. Chapman, C.A., Chapman, L.J. 1996. Exotic tree plantation and the regeneration of natural forest in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Biological conservation, 76(3) : 253-257. Chi Hang Hau 1997. Tree seed predation on degraded hillsides in Hong Kong. Forest ecology and management, 99(1-2) : 215-221. Cohen, A.L., Singhakumara, B.M.P., Ashton, P.M.S. 1995. Releasing rain forest succession : a case study in the Dicranopteris linearis fernlands of Sri Lanka. Restoration ecology, 4 : 261-270. Fimbel, R.A., Fimbel, C.C. 1996. The role of exotic conifer plantations in rehabilitating degraded tropical forest lands : a case study from the Kibale forest in Uganda. Forest ecology and management, volume 81, n°1-3 : 215- 226. FISCHER, R.F. 1995. Amelioration of degraded rainforest soils by plantations of native trees. Soil science society of America journal, volume 59 (2) : 544-549. Fisher, R.F. 1995. Amelioration of degraded rain forest soils by plantations of native trees. Soil science society of America journal, 59(2) : 544-549. GUARIGUATA, M.R., RHEINGANS, R., MONTAGNINI, F. 1995. Early woody invasion under tree plantations in Costa Rica : implications for forest restoration. Restoration ecology, volume 3, n° 4 : 252-260. Jaffré, T., Rigault, F. 1994. La végétalisation des anciens sites miniers. Bois et forêts des tropiques, 242 : 45-55. Kuusipalo, J., Adjers, G., Jafarssidik, Y., Otsamo, A., Tuomela, K., Vuokko, R. 1995. Restoration of natural vegetation in degraded Imperata cylindrica grassland : understorey development in forest plantations. Journal of vegetation science, 6 : 205-210. LIETH, H., LHOMANN, M. 1993. Restoration of tropical forest ecosystems : proceedings of the symposium held on October 7-10 1991. Kluwer Academic, 269 pages. Parrotta, J.A., Knowles, O.H. 1999. Restoration of tropical moist forests on bauxite-mined lands in the brazilian Amazon. Restoration ecology, 2 : 103-116. RAY, G.J, BROWN, B.J. 1995. Restoring caribbean dry forests : evaluation of tree propagation techniques. Restoration ecology, volume 3 (2) : 86-94. ROBINSON, G.R., HANDEL, S.N. 1993. Forest restoration on a closed landfill : rapid addition of new species by bird dispersal. Conservation biology, volume 7 (2) : 271-278. Van Aarde, R.J., Ferreira, S.M., Kritzinger, J.J., Van Dyk, P.J., Vogt, M., Wasenaar, T.D. 1996. An evaluation of habitat rehabilitation on coastal dune forests in northern Kwanzulu-Natal, South Africa. Restoration ecology, 4 : 334-346. Zhuang, X. 1997. Rehabilitation and development of forest on degraded hills of Hong Kong. Forest ecology and management, 99(1-2) : 197-201.

______WWF INTERNATIONAL - FORESTS FOR LIFE PROGRAMME UNIT - tt/01/jj 7 3. Success criteria and long term monitoring

Andersen, A.N., Sparling, G.P. 1997. Ants as indicators of restoration success : relationship with soil microbial biomass in the Australian seasonal tropics. Restoration ecology, volume 5, n°2 : 109-114. CHAMBERS, C., WADE, G.L. (eds) 1990. Evaluating reclamation success : the ecological consideration. Proceedings of a symposium held in Charleston (April 23-26). USDA Forest service, 107 pages. Chambers, J.C. 1997. Restoring alpine ecosystems in the western United States : environmental constraints, disturbance characteristics and restoration success. In Urbanska, K.M., Webb, N.R., Edwards, P.J. (eds) 1997. Restoration ecology and sustainable development, pp. 161-187. Jansen, A. 1997. Terrestrial invertebrate community structure as an indicator of the success of a tropical rainforest restoration project. Restoration ecology, volume 5, n°2 : 115-124. Majer, J.D. 1996. Ant recolonization of rehabilitated bauxite mines at Trombetas, Para, Brazil. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 12(2) : 257-273. Majer, J.D., Nichols, O.G. 1998. Long-term recolonization patterns of ants in Western Australia rehabilitated bauxite mines with reference to their use as indicators of restoration success. Journal of Applied Ecology, 35 : 161-182. Michener, W.K. 1997. Quantitatively evaluating restoration experiments : research design, statistical analysis and data management considerations. Restoration ecology, volume 5, n°4 : 324-337. Patten, M.A. 1997. Reestablishment of a rodent community in restored desert scrub. Restoration ecology, volume 5, n°2 : 156-161. Vallauri, D., Aronson, J., Barbéro, M. (in press). An analysis of forest restoration 120 years after reforestation of badlands in the south-western Alps. Restoration Ecology, 12 pages. Vallauri, D., Grossi, J.L., Brun, J.J. 1998. Les communautés lombriciennes 120 ans après la restauration forestière de sols érodés sur marnes. Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, série B, 321 : 1023-1033. Van Aarde, R.J., Ferreira, S.M., Kritzinger, J.J., Van Dyk, P.J., Vogt, M., Wassenaar, T.D. 1996. An evaluation of habitat rehabilitation on coastal dune forests in northern Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. Restoration ecology, 4(4) : 334-345. Loch, R.J., Orange, D.N. 1997. Changes in some properties of topsoil at Tarong Coal-Meandu mine coalmine with time since rehabilitation. Australian journal of soil research, 35(4) : 777-784. Whitford, W.G., Van Zee, J., Nash, M.S., Smith, W.E., Herrick, J.E. 1999. Ants as indicators of exposure to environmental stressors in north american desert grasslands. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 54(2) : 143-171.

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