Table 1 Risk alleles, alleles frequency in Hap-Map CEU populations and odds ratio for the association between each SNP and obesity risk
Frequency alleles in Hap-Map Gene SNP Risk allele Genotype OR (95% CI) p-value CEU population FTO rs9939609 A TT 1 (ref.) 25.7 TA 1.14 (0.78-1.66) 0.500 56.6 AA 2.08 (1.30-2.30) 0.002 17.7 MC4R rs17782313 C TT 1 (ref.) 50.4 TC 1.04 (0.73-1.47) 0.829 46.0 CC 0.97 (0.43-2.22) 0.951 3.5 MTHFR rs1801133 T CC 1 (ref.) 46.9 CT 1.17 (0.82-1.67) 0.394 44.2 TT 1.06 (0.65-1.73) 0.821 8.8 PPARA rs1800206 G CC 1 (ref.) 91.7 CG 1.01 (0.65-1.56) 0.967 8.2 GG - - 0.0 PPARG rs1801282 G CC 1 (ref.) 82.3 CG 0.91 (0.58-1.42) 0.678 15.9 GG 0.43 (0.07-2.43) 0.339 1.8 APOA5 rs662799 C TT 1 (ref.) 96.7 TC 0.97 (0.59-1.60) 0.918 3.3 CC 2.49 (0.19-32.08) 0.484 0.0 APOE rs429358 C TT 1 (ref.) NA TC 1.49 (0.99-2.26) 0.057 NA CC 0.54 (0.11-2.79) 0.465 NA APOE rs7412 T CC 1 (ref.) NA CT 0.83 (0.50-1.37) 0.460 NA TT 2.77 (0.22-34.04) 0.426 NA LIPC rs1800588 T CC 1 (ref.) 56.7 CT 0.81 (0.57-1.14) 0.222 35.0 TT 1.09 (0.56-2.14) 0.796 8.3 PLIN1 rs894160 A GG 1 (ref.) 46.4 GA 0.87 (0.62-1.23) 0.432 42.9 AA 1.62 (0.86-3.06) 0.132 10.7 NOS3 rs1799983 T GG 1 (ref.) 40.0 GT 1.11 (0.79-1.58) 0.541 51.7 TT 0.73 (0.44-1.24) 0.248 8.3 GCKR rs1260326 T CC 1 (ref.) 33.0 CT 0.89 (0.61-1.29) 0.533 50.0 TT 1.08 (0.68-1.76) 0.755 17.0 LPL rs328 G CC 1 (ref.) 76.7 CG 0.89 (0.62-1.29) 0.553 21.7 GG 0.47 (0.12-1.91) 0.292 1.7 CELSR2 rs12740374 T GG 1 (ref.) 50.0 GT 0.93 (0.65-1.31) 0.661 39.7 TT 1.15 (0.52-2.57) 0.730 10.3 CETP rs1800777 A GG 1 (ref.) 90.0 GA 0.73 (0.31-1.70) 0.465 10.0 AA 1.13 (0.07-18.48) 0.931 0.0 LIPG rs4939883 T CC 1 (ref.) 62.7 CT 1.05 (0.72-1.53) 0.799 35.6 TT 0.88 (0.34-2.25) 0.791 1.7 NA, No available (data) Adjusted for age, sex, physical activity and energy intake 5 3
p= 0.002 0 3 ) % (
M 5 2 F B 0 2 5 1 1000 2000 3000 4000
Total energy (kcal) '
Low GRS ( 7 risk alleles) High GRS (>7 risk alleles)
Figure 1 Interaction between GRS and total energy intake on percentage of BFM, after adjusted for age, gender and physical activity GRS, Genetic risk score; BFM, Body fat mass A 0 3
p= 0.003 5 ) 2 % (
M F B 0 2 5 1 0 50 100 150 200
Total protein (g) '
Low GRS (7 risk alleles) High GRS (>7 risk alleles)
B 0 3
8 p= 0.032 2 6 2 ) % (
M 4 F 2 B 2 2 0 2
0 50 100 150 200
Animal protein (g) '
Low GRS (7 risk alleles) High GRS (>7 risk alleles)
C 5 2 4 2
3 p= 0.003 ) 2 % (
M 2 F 2 B 1 2 0 2
10 20 30 40 50 60
Vegetable protein (g) '
Low GRS (7 risk alleles) High GRS (>7 risk alleles)
Figure 2 Interaction between GRS and A total protein, B vegetable protein and C animal protein intake on percentage of BFM, after adjusted for age, gender, energy intake and physical activity GRS, Genetic risk score; BFM, Body fat mass A 6 2
p= 0.029 4 2 ) % (
M F B 2 2 0 2
0 50 100 150 200
Total fat (g) '
Low GRS (7 risk alleles) High GRS (>7 risk alleles)
B 6 2 5 2 ) 4 % ( 2
M
F p= 0.015 B 3 2 2 2
10 20 30 40 50
SFA (g) '
Low GRS (7 risk alleles) High GRS (>7 risk alleles)
C 6 2 4
2 p= 0.002 ) % (
2 2 M F B 0 2 8 1 0 10 20 30 40
PUFA (g) '
Low GRS (7 risk alleles) High GRS (>7 risk alleles)
Figure 3 Interaction between GRS and A total fat, B SFA and C PUFA intake on percentage of BFM, after adjusted for age, gender, energy intake and physical activity GRS, Genetic risk score; BFM, Body fat mass; SFA, Saturated fatty acids; PUFA, Polyunsaturated fatty acids A 6 2 5 2 4 ) 2 % (
M F 3 B
2 p= 0.008 2 2 1 2 0 100 200 300 400 500
Total carbohydrates (g) '
Low GRS (7 risk alleles) High GRS (>7 risk alleles)
B 6 2 5 2 p= 0.030 4 ) 2 % (
M F 3 B 2 2 2 1 2
0 100 200 300
Complex carbohydrates (g) '
Low GRS (7 risk alleles) High GRS (>7 risk alleles)
C 6 2 4 2 ) % (
2 2 M F B p= 0.039 0 2 8 1 10 20 30 40 50 60
Fiber (g) '
Low GRS (7 risk alleles) High GRS (>7 risk alleles)
Figure 4 Interaction between GRS and A total carbohydrates, B complex carbohydrates and C fiber intake on percentage of BFM, after adjusted for age, gender, energy intake and physical activity GRS, Genetic risk score; BFM, Body fat mass