EMEP/Poland-Report 1/2001

KRAJOWE CENTRUM INWENTARYZACJI EMISJI NATIONAL EMISSION CENTRE

UN ECE - EMEP/Poland-Report /2002

Emission Inventory of SO2, NO2, NH3, CO, PM, HMs, NMVOCs and POPs in Poland in 2000

Krzysztof Olendrzyński, Janina Fudała*, Stanisław Hławiczka*, Marian Cenowski*, Magdalena Kachniarz, Iwona Kargulewicz, Bogusław Dębski, Jacek Skośkiewicz

* Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Katowice

Financed by the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management at the request of the Polish Ministry of Environment

The report has been commissioned by the Polish Ministry of Environment. Contents

1. Introduction 3 2. Specific comments concerning individual pollutants 3

2.1 SO2, NO2, NH3 and CO emissions 3 2.2 PM emissions 4 2.3 NMVOC emissions 6 2.4 HM emissions 8 2.5 POP emissions 10

Appendix 19 EMEP Table 1-(T); main pollutants 20 EMEP Tables: 1-A to 1-K; main pollutants, sectoral 21 - 31 EMEP Table 2-(T); heavy metals 32 EMEP Tables: 2-A to 2-K; heavy metals, sectoral 33 - 43 EMEP Table 3; persistent organic pollutants 44 EMEP Tables: 3-A to 3-K; persistent organic pollutants, sectoral 45 - 55

2 1. Introduction The report presents summary of atmospheric emission estimates of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, carbon monoxide, heavy metals (HMs), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10 and total suspended particulates - TSP) in Poland in the year 2000 and corrected and updated for the proceeding years 1980 - 1999. By means of this report and accompanying computer files, Poland fulfils its obligation for reporting emission data to UN ECE and EMEP. Collected data for the year 2000 are presented as: - national totals - in form of standardized EMEP aggregated tables (see appendix) - aggregated values at level 1 of SNAP97 (standardized EMEP sectoral tables; see appendix) - aggregated values at level 2 of SNAP97 - gridded values (EMEP grid 50 x 50km) for SO2, NO2, NH3, CO, Cd, Pb, Hg, NMVOC, dioxins and furans (PCDD/F), HCB and PAHs.

For the years 1990 – 1999 also included are national totals and aggregated values at level 1 of SNAP97 (appendix).

2. Specific comments concerning individual pollutants

2.1 SO2, NO2, NH3 and CO emissions Estimation of main (including SO2, NO2, NH3 and CO) and other pollutant emissions is based on various activity data obtained mainly from the Central Statistical Office. They are as follows: - national fuel consumption balance, - data on air pollutants emissions from large 1616 enterprises particularly hazardous for environment; the data on emission concerning SNAP 1 - combustion in energy and transformation industries are adopted as reported by individual plants, - data on production of goods and products and fuel consumption for their production, - data on number of husbandry animal heads and consumption of fertilizers in agriculture, as well as plant production, - data on industrial and municipal waste water and accumulated and generated solid wastes.

The estimated values of emissions (Table 1.) have been obtained from calculations based on national, CORINAIR, RADIAN and IPCC/OECD emission factors. The same emission factors were used in 1996 inventory. Estimation of SO2 emission from mobile sources was based on standard concentration value for sulphur in liquid fuels.

Total emissions decrease of all pollutants generated during fuels combustion in comparison with the previous year is a consequence of lower energy use in Poland. Decrease of NO2 emission results also from installation of low emission burners in boilers of public and industrial power plants. Decrease of the emission from mobile sources is a result of taking into account new, lower emission factors prepared by the Institute of Automobile Transport in Warsaw. The SO2 and NO2 emissions from stacks are as follows: SO2 [Gg] NO2 [Gg] From stacks: higher than and equal to 100 m 822 293 below 100 m 689 545

3 Table 1. SO2, NO2, CO and NH3 emissions in Poland in 2000.

SO2 NO2 CO NH3 Emission sources [Gg] [Gg] [Gg] [Gg] TOTAL 1511 838 3463 322 01. Combustion in energy and transformation industries 853 257 50 1 0101 Public power 805,01 237,28 33,96 1,00 0102 District heating plants 13,68 6,16 0,71 0103 Petroleum refining plants 22,41 7,57 1,08 0104 Solid fuel transformation plants 3,76 2,38 6,66 0104 Coal mining, oil/gas extraction, pipeline compressors 8,38 4,07 2,09 02. Non-industrial combustion plants 310 97 1688 0201 Commercial and institutional plants 86,95 20,68 16,06 0202 Residential plants 165,70 53,38 1284,75 0203 Plants in agriculture, forestry and aquaculture 56,94 23,28 386,83 03. Combustion in manufacturing industry 281 153 54 0301 Combustion in boilers, gas turbines and stationary engines 216,74 60,43 37,05 0303 Processes with contact 64,00 92,19 16,61 04. Production processes 26 17 25 3 07. Road transport 32 230 688 08. Other mobile sources and machinery 9 84 117 09. Waste treatment and disposal 841 16 0907 Open burning of agricultural wastes 841,48 09107 Latrines 16,00 10. Agriculture 302 1001 Culture with fertilizers 84,38 1009 Manure management regarding nitrogen compounds 218,18 11. Other sources and sinks n.e. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.e. – not estimated

2.2 Particulate matter emissions Following the increased scope of reporting requirements, Poland as Party to the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, has developed the inventory of particulate matter emissions, including fine fractions PM10 and PM2.5. The emission estimates are based on various activity data obtained mainly from the Central Statistical Office, including national fuel consumption balance, data on manufacturing of products and fuel consumption for their production, data on number of husbandry animal heads, data on industrial wastes utilization.

The estimated values of emissions are a result of calculations based on national activity data and emission factors derived from TNO and IIASA PM inventories. Several emission factors have been verified and adapted to Polish conditions based on Polish surveys. The main source for these changes were the results of measurements done by Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas in Katowice in co-operation with the Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal in Zabrze.

New Polish emission factors worked out by the Institute of Automobile Transport were taken into account in the category 7 and 8, i.e. road transport and other vehicles and machines. The updated structure of the vehicles fleet was also adopted.

Emission estimates (Table 2.) have been calculated on the second (and third where possible) level of SNAP97. The national total emission of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 in Poland in 2000 was 463 923, 281 885, 135 317 Mg respectively. The main source of TSP emissions in Poland are the combustion processes (SNAP 1, 2 ,3) with the share of 61% in the national totals.

4 SNAP 2 category (Non-industrial combustion plants) has the highest share (35%) in the emission of TSP within the group of stationary sources (categories 1 - 5 + 9 - 11). Road transport and other mobile sources (SNAP 7 and 8 categories) emitted 13 % of the total TSP national emission. Large part of the emission in this category comes from non-exhaustive processes, like tyre and brake wear and road abrasion. The SNAP category 11, which includes other sources, constitutes only 0,9 % of the national totals, but it should be noted that no natural pollen emission sources were included in the inventory.

Table 2. Particulate matter emissions in Poland in 2000. TSP PM10 PM2.5 Emission source [Mg] [Mg] [Mg]

TOTAL 463923 281885 135317 01. Combustion in energy and transformation industries 72433 36425 11731 0101 Public power 63498,4 31842,5 10276,9 0102 District heating plants 1118,2 560,1 156,0 0103 Petroleum refining plants 1193,3 618,9 328,0 0104 Solid fuel transformation plants 693,4 438,7 245,8 0105 Coal mining, oil/gas extraction, pipeline compressors 5929,4 2964,7 723,9 02. Non-industrial combustion plants 162206 121537 55784 0201 Commercial and institutional plants 18369,7 9205,9 2267,8 0202 Residential plants 119217,9 93058,6 43963,5 0203 Plants in agriculture, forestry and aquaculture 24618,7 19272,8 9552,5 03. Combustion in manufacturing industry 46785 27643 15123 0301 Combustion in boilers, gas turbines and station. engines 10134,7 5067,3 1290,8 0302 Process furnaces without contact 36649,9 22576,2 13832,7 04. Production processes 35675 26558 15127 0402 Processes in iron and steel industries and collieries 19323,4 13595,2 8870,8 0403 Processes in non-ferrous industries 1293,5 1035,7 665,1 0404 Processes in inorganic chemical industries 4505,5 3605,0 2704,8 0406 Processes in wood, paper, food, drink 10528,2 8312,3 2885,7 05. Extraction and distribution of fossil fuels 37075 16634 1667 07. Road transport 53679 18636 16929 0701 Passenger cars 1789,1 1789,1 1789,1 0702 Light duty vehicles.< 3.5 t 1691,6 1691,6 1691,6 0703 Heavy duty vehicles > 3.5 t 12408,0 12408,0 12408,0 0704 Mopeds 0,2 0,2 0,2 0705 Motorcycles 0,4 0,4 0,4 0707 Automobile tyre and brake wear 37789,8 2746,9 1039,3 08. Other mobile sources and machinery 6992 6992 6992 0802 Railways 658,0 658,0 658,0 0803 Inland waterways 94,0 94,0 94,0 0806 Agriculture 5720,0 5720,0 5720,0 0808 Industry 301,6 301,6 301,6 0809 Household and gardening 218,4 218,4 218,4 09. Waste treatment and disposal 20350 12380 7538 0902 Waste incineration 18690,0 11214,0 6541,5 0907 Open burning of agricultural wastes 1660,2 1165,7 996,1 10. Agriculture 24376 11096 568 1003 On field burning of stubble 489,0 343,3 293,4 1006 Use of pesticides and limestone 23887,3 10752,6 275,0 11. Other sources and sinks 4352 3984 3858

5 1103 Forest and other vegetation fires 1236,0 867,9 741,6 Smoking 3116,0 3116,0 3116,0

2.3 NMVOCs emissions Statistical data on production of the stocks, consumption of fuels and raw materials worked out by the Central Statistic Office were used for national NMVOCs emission assessment. Use of advanced methods for statistical analyses allows acquiring more precise input data for national emission inventory for subsequent years. Additionally, the emission factors were used for calculating the NMVOCs emission estimate from the sources covered by SNAP97.

Emission factors for fossil fuels combustion in energy sector and industrial processes (SNAP 1-6) were applied to calculate the NMVOCs emission in the year 2000. The factors have been verified and adapted to Polish conditions in previous years. For some emission sources, default emission factors published in EMEP/CORINAIR Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook, Second Edition, September 1999 were applied.

Emission factor for wood combustion was verified from 0.6Mg/TJ to 0.1-0.4 Mg/TJ, depending on the capacity of boilers. The verification was made based on data from the Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal in Zabrze (Kubica K., 20011). The data showed significant differentiation of emission factors, depending on the capacity of the facilities.

Higher emission factors have been used for NMVOCs emission calculation from coke combustion (0.01- 0.02 Mg/TJ instead of 0.0015 Mg/TJ) and a lower emission factor was applied for gas combustion in large installations (0.001 Mg/TJ instead 0,005 Mg/TJ). These changes were made based on the results of measurements done by Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas in co-operation with the Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal and presented in a technical report (Fudala J., Cenowski M., 19992). New Polish emission factors worked out by the Institute of Automobile Transport were taken into account in the section concerning category 7, 8 i.e., road transport and other vehicles and machines. Also the updated structure of vehicles was used for the emission estimates (Radzimirski S.,20013).

Estimation of NMVOCs emission from the processes employing the use of solvents was based on a detailed balance of paint use in the year 2000 taking into account the amount of the national production, import and export of the paints and solvents.

According to calculations, the national emission of NMVOCs in Poland (Table 3.) was on the level of 904 473 Mg. The assessed amount is lower by 133 thousand Mg from the value calculated for previous year. Such significant decrease of the emission resulted from reduction of emissions from SNAP 02 and 07 source categories.

From 11 source categories, category 6 (17.5 %) has the highest share in the emission of NMVOC within the group of stationary sources (categories 1 - 6 + 9 + 10). 157 890 Mg of NMVOC have been emitted from processes included in this category in 2000. The share of this category in the national emission increased significantly in comparison to previous year,

1 Kubica K., „Biomass combustion in low capacity heat boilers - air pollution emissions” , International Conference on the „ Renewable Energy Sources at the beginning of 21st century”, Warsaw, December 2001, 2 Fudala J., Cenowski M.,”Verification of the NMVOCs emission factors from combustion processes together with verification of the national NMVOCs emission inventory due to base year” , IETU, Katowice 1999, 3 Radzimirski S., “Development of air pollutant emission database from transport sector in the 2000”, ITS, Warsaw, 2001.

6 mainly because of lower emissions noted for category 2. A higher consumption of paints was observed with a significant increase of water soluble paint use. Meaningful contribution of imported paints in total national paint consumption should be stressed.

The second category in national emissions includes combustion processes in municipal and housing sectors (category 2 - 10.8 %). These processes emitted 97 639 Mg of NMVOC to the air i.e. less than in previous year. A decrease in hard coal consumption in municipal sector and lower emission factor for wood combustion used for the calculation of the emissions were the main reason of such significant emission reduction in this sector. The total emission of non-methane volatile organic compounds from the stationary sources in 2000 was 421 402 Mg.

Means of transport and machines with combustion engines classified categories 7 and 8 in SNAP’97 emitted 177 130 Mg of NMVOCs, i.e., 19,6 % of the total national emission. Despite an increased number of cars a significant change in the consumption of liquid fuels in comparison to 1999 was noted. An increase of the number of cars equipped with a combustion gas catalyst resulted in the reduction of emitted NMVOC loads.

Finally, the natural sources, classified category 11, which are also a type of sources referred to as nature, have emitted 305 941 Mg of NMVOC, which is 33.8% of the national emission of NMVOC. This load is only slightly higher than in 1999, which is a result of reduction of emissions from other categories. The total emission from anthropogenic sources was 598 532 Mg of NMVOC, i.e., 66,2 % of the total national emission.

Approximately 17 thousand Mg of NMVOC have been emitted from high emitters > 100m and 887,5 thousand of Mg from other emitters < 100m. The emission of NMVOCs from high sources constitutes only about 2% of the total national emission.

Table 3. NMVOCs emissions in Poland in 2000.

Emission source Emission

TOTAL 904473 01. Combustion in energy and transformation industries 12514 0101 Public power plants 11243 0102 District heating plants 130 0103 Petroleum refining plants 112 0104 Solid fuel transformation plants 165 0105 Coal mining, oil/ gas extraction, pipeline compressors 864 02. Non-industrial combustion plants 97639 0201 Commercial and institutional plants 2626 0202 Residential plants 80749 0203 Plants in agriculture, forestry and aquaculture 14264 03. Combustion in manufacturing industry 9969 0301 Combustion in boilers, gas turbines and stationery engines 1428 0302 Process furnaces without contact 8541 04. Production processes 69195 0401 Processes in petroleum industries 16447 0402 Processes in iron and steel industries 9287 0404 Processes in inorganic chemical industries 6440 0405 Processes in organic chemical industries 12351 0406 Processes in wood, paper pulp, food, drink and other industries 24670 05. Extraction and distribution of fossil fuels 37998

7 0501 Extraction and 1st treatment of solid fossil 10224 0502 Extraction, 1st treatment and loading of liquid fossil fuels 65 0503 Extraction, 1st treatment and loading of gaseous fossil fuels 321 0504 Liquid fuel distribution (except gasoline distribution) 2142 0505 Gasoline distribution 18964 0506 Gas distribution networks 6282 06. Solvent and other product use 157890 0601 Paint application 75801 0602 Degreasing, dry cleaning and electronics 20360 0603 Chemical products manufacturing or processing 14715 0604 Other use of solvents and related activities 47014 07. Road transport 143159 0701 Passenger cars 82385 0702 Light duty vehicles < 3.5 t 18339 0703 Heavy duty vehicles > 3.5 t and buses 26617 0704 Mopeds and Motorcycles < 50 cm3 7490 0705 Motorcycles > 50 cm3 8328 08. Other mobile sources and machinery 33971 0802 Railways 1778 0803 Inland waterways 254 0805 Air traffic 335 0806 Agriculture 9314 0808 Industry 702 0809 Household and gardening 21588 09. Waste treatment and disposal 2111 0902 Waste incineration 1405 0907 Open burning of agricultural wastes 706 10. Agriculture 34086 1001 Cultures with fertilizers 33797 1003 On-field burning of stubble 289 11. Other sources and sinks 305941 1101 Non-managed broadleaf forests 20480 1102 Non-managed coniferous forests 274240 1103 Forest and other vegetation fires 11221

2.4. Heavy metal emissions The presented heavy metal (HM) emission assessments were produced on the basis of the Polish Central Statistical Office (GUS) data on goods and materials production as well as on raw materials consumption in Poland. For the HM emission assessments the emission factors used in the report were based on: - data presented in the EMEP/CORINAIR "Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook" and - the emission factors characteristic for processes in Poland. No natural HM emission sources were considered in the emission inventory. For the calculation of HM emission to the air a computer program COLLECTER from the European Topic Center of Air Emissions, designed for the inventory of air pollutant emission for EMEP and IPCC has been used with an auxiliary program REPORTER used for emission tabulation.

The assessed national emission totals (Table 4. for: cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb), and Table 5. for: arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn)) of all eight metals considered are lower than the values calculated for the previous year. Main reason of that is lower consumption of solid fuels in Poland used for energy production.

8 Among the seven SNAP source categories considered in the inventory, combustion processes for energy production purposes have the biggest share in the emission of HM in Poland within the 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 and 9 SNAP groups. The share of this processes in the national emission is similar in comparison to the previous year.

The second category group which the share in the national emissions of HM is the highest are technological processes (SNAP 4). From the activities within the SNAP 4 group, processes in iron and steel industry as well as processes in non-ferrous metal industries dominate as the source of the heavy metals, except mercury. In case of mercury cement production is the main industrial source of the metal emission to the air in Poland.

Means of transportation and machines with combustion engines, which in SNAP’97 nomenclature belong to categories 7 and 8, in 2000 emitted to the air lower amount of lead due to higher proportion of unleaded gasoline than in 1999. Only 9% of petrol used in Poland in 2000 was leaded gasoline.

Table 4. Emissions of Cd, Hg and Pb in Poland in 2000.

Emission source Cd Hg Pb [kg] [kg] [kg] TOTAL 50385 25581 647500 01. Combustion in energy and transformation industries 2862 10191 27087 0101 Public power plants 440 9682 15779 0102 District heating plants 607 156 3254 0103 Petroleum refining plants 678 2 875 0104 Solid fuel transformation plants 98 29 619 0105 Coal mining, oil/ gas extraction, pipeline compressors 1039 322 6560 02. Non-industrial combustion plants 27920 2844 156396 0201 Commercial and institutional plants 6767 1033 42898 0202 Residential plants 16441 1524 94608 0203 Plants in agriculture, forestry and aquaculture 4711 287 18891 03. Combustion in manufacturing industry 16139 9960 284382 0301 Combustion in boilers, gas turbines and stationery engines 2139 550 12051 0302 Process furnaces without contact 9148 1854 51174 0303 Processes with contact 4852 7557 221157 04. Production processes 2636 2016 131434 0402 Processes in iron and steel industries 2336 948 131190 0403 Processes in non-ferrous metal industries 5 0 244 0404 Processes in inorganic chemical industries 294 1068 0 07. Road transport 191 0 38058 08. Other mobile sources and machinery 68 0 3500 09. Waste treatment and disposal 569 569 6643 0902 Waste incineration 569 569 6643

Table 5. Emissions of As, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn in Poland in 2000. Emission source As Cr Cu Ni Zn [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] TOTAL 50385 84274 374478 251431 2172971

01. Combustion in energy and transformation industries 5842 7635 21402 39667 81133 0101 Public power plants 3974 5301 13365 13298 38325 0102 District heating plants 410 549 2039 4232 12820

9 0103 Petroleum refining plants 676 817 1924 18340 811 0104 Solid fuel transformation plants 62 80 346 309 2511 0105 Coal mining, oil/ gas extraction, pipeline compressors 720 888 3729 3488 26666 02. Non-industrial combustion plants 17941 22514 96059 130276 620392 0201 Commercial and institutional plants 4421 5609 24713 22894 170954 0202 Residential plants 10424 13158 57667 67467 377823 0203 Plants in agriculture, forestry and aquaculture 3095 3746 13679 39915 71615 03. Combustion in manufacturing industry 25418 11133 233064 68632 1122340 0301 Combustion in boilers, gas turbines and stationery engines 1449 1854 7336 13496 47771 0302 Process furnaces without contact 5018 7699 31962 53465 203814 0303 Processes with contact 18950 1580 193766 1670 870755 04. Production processes 1246 40436 20332 7752 345121 0402 Processes in iron and steel industries 1246 34420 20332 7746 345113 0403 Processes in non-ferrous metal industries 0 6016 0 5 8 0404 Processes in inorganic chemical industries 0 0 0 0 0 07. Road transport 0 2465 2622 4370 0 08. Other mobile sources and machinery 0 35 429 715 0 09. Waste treatment and disposal 9 57 569 19 3986 0902 Waste incineration 9 57 569 19 3986

2.5 Persistent organic pollutants emissions Estimation of emissions of dioxins/furans – PCDD/F (Table 7.), hexachlorobenzene - HCB (Table 8.), polychlorinated biphenyls - PCBs (Table 9.), and four polyaromatic hydrocarbons PAHs indicators (Tables 10. and 11.) in the year 2000 was based on national activity data including fuel statistics as well as on emission factors taken from literature and Polish estimates. The emission factors (EF) for some source categories over the period 1988 – 1999 were verified and corrected last year, and emission inventories were updated accordingly. The following EF have been changed:

10 POP SNAP code of emission source Emission factor Emission factor [EF unit] currently used previously used PCDD/F 0101-0105 1 (1985-1988) 0,1 [μg TEQ/Mg] hard coal and brown coal 0,1 (1989-1994) 0,06 (1995-1999) 0201 1 (1985-1988) 0,1 hard coal and brown coal 0,1 (1989-1994) 0,06 (1995-1999) 0202 and 0203 18 10 hard coal 03 1 (1985-1988) 0,1 hard coal and brown coal 0,1 (1989-1994) 0,06 (1995-1999) 030309 50 - 030311 0,15 - 07 and 08 motor gasoline (leaded) 2,2 0,5 motor gasoline (unleaded) 0,104 diesel oil 0,043 - 090207 incinerators complying with hazardous waste 1,38 (1995-1999) 1 directive incinerators with less efficient abatement 83 (1995-1999) 800 systems incineration facilities without any abatement 453,3 (1995-1999) PCB 030309 2,6 - [mg/Mg] 030310 2,6 - B(a)P 040301 11 101 [mg/Mg] HCB 01-03 [mg/Mg] hard coal 0,013 - fuel wood 0,06 - 030301 4,7 - 030309 39 - 030311 0,17 - 090207 29 -

Verification of the emission factors has been carried out based on results of Polish POPs emission measurements, expert’s opinions, information from industrial plants and comparative analysis of the factors used in Poland and other countries. For the first time emission estimates for HCB were added. Estimation of HCB emission was prepared based on emission factors taken from literature. PCBs emission data in the years 1991 - 1994 were also supplemented. The main source of PCDD/F (68% of national total) and PAHs emission (87%) in Poland are non-industrial combustion plants (residential plants and plants in agriculture, forestry and aquaculture). Large part of HCB emission (82%) comes from sinter and pelletizing plants. Above 72% of PCBs emission results from leakage in capacitors, mainly because of using a high emission factor in this category.

Data about pesticides were obtained from Wood Technology Institute and from the Office for Plant Protection and Product Registration at the Institute for Cultivated Plant Protection. As there are no current data on some solvents use in wood conservation processes, the old value was applied. Pesticides listed by EMEP have not been in use in Poland since early eighties and DDT since 1972, so no emission for all the listed pesticides was assumed.

The recently modified POPs emissions in 1988 (base year for Poland) are shown in Table 6.

11 Table 6. Persistent organic pollutants emissions in Poland in 1988. Emission source PAH PCDD/F PCB HCB [kg] [mg TEQ] [kg] [kg] TOTAL 275 356 828 896 2 564 57 01. Combustion in energy and transformation industries 61 8 192 464 0,8 02. Non-industrial combustion plants 240 690 646 108 180 0,7 03. Combustion in manufacturing industry 1992 59 787 189 54 04. Production processes 31 101 60 423 99 05. Extraction and distribution of fossil fuels and geothermal energy 06. Solvent and other product use 1 632 07. Road transport 1 014 8 661 08. Other mobile sources and machinery 498 545 09. Waste treatment and disposal 45 160 1,6 10. Agriculture 11. Other sources and sinks

Table 7. Dioxins and furans emissions in Poland in 2000.

Emission source Activity Emission factor Emission [Gg] [mgTEQ/Gg] [mgTEQ] TOTAL 333433 01. Combustion in energy and transformation industries 7198 0101 Public power plants Hard coal 42006,0 0,06 2520,4 Brown coal 58754,5 0,06 3525,3 Fuel oil 175,2 1 175,2 0102 District heating plants Hard coal 871,0 0,06 52,3 Fuel oil 98,4 1 98,4 0103 Petroleum refining plants Hard coal 8,6 0,06 0,5 Fuel oil 696,8 1 696,8 0104 Solid fuel transformation plants Hard coal 120,0 0,06 7,2 Fuel oil 1,6 1 1,6 0105 Coal mining, oil/ gas extraction, pipeline compressors Hard coal 1490,2 0,06 89,4 Brown coal 354,1 0,06 21 Fuel oil 8,8 1 8,8 Fuel wood 0,2 1 0,2 02. Non-industrial combustion plants 227671 0201 Commercial and institutional plants Hard coal 5723,0 0,06 343,4 Brown coal 35,0 0,06 2,1 Fuel oil 30,6 1 31 Fuel wood 10,1 1 10,1 0202 Residential plants Hard coal 8102,8 18 145850,4 Brown coal 140,5 10 1405,0 Fuel oil 710,3 1 710,3 Fuel wood 8554,9 5 42774,3 0203 Plants in agriculture, forestry and aquaculture Hard coal 1501,0 18 27018,0 Brown coal 135,1 10 1351,0

12 Fuel oil 1109,5 1 1109,5 Fuel wood 1413,3 5 7066,3 03. Combustion in manufacturing industry 50137 0301 Combustion in boilers, gas turbines and stationery engines Hard coal 3078,5 0,06 185 Brown coal 5,6 0,06 0,3 Fuel oil 283,1 1 283,1 Fuel wood 9,2 1 9,2 0302 Process furnaces without contact Hard coal 6484,5 0,06 389,1 Brown coal 41,7 0,06 2,5 Fuel oil 851,8 1 852 Fuel wood 2156,4 1 2156,4 0303 Processes with contact Hard coal 3229,9 0,06 193,8 Brown coal 7,4 0,06 0,4 Fuel oil 13,8 1 13,8 Fuel wood 1,6 1 1,6 030301 Sinter and pelletizing plants 8078,7 5 40394 030309 Secondary copper production 68,0 50 3400,0 030310 Secondary aluminium production 15046,4 0,15 2257,0 04. Production processes 34074 040203 Pig iron tapping 6491,9 2 12983,7 040205 Open heart furnace steel plants 414,5 2 829,0 040206 Basic oxygen furnace steel plants 6793,8 2 13587,6 040207 Electric furnace steel plants 3290,0 2 6580 040301 Aluminium production (electrolysis) 46,9 2 93,9 07. Road transport 1452 Motor gasoline 371,4 2,2 817,0 Unleaded motor gasoline 4559,5 0,104 474,2 Diesel oil 3745,0 0,043 161,0 08. Other mobile sources and machinery 211 Motor gasoline 68,1 2,2 149,8 Diesel oil 1426,0 0,043 61,3 09. Waste treatment and disposal 12690 090207 Incineration of hospital wastes (incinerators complying with hazardous waste directive) 4,2 1,38 5,9 090207 Incineration of hospital wastes (incinerators with less efficient abatement systems) 22,9 83 1903,4 090207 Incineration of hospital wastes (incineration facilities without any abatement) 23,8 453,3 10780,3

Table 8. HCB emission in Poland in 2000.

Emission source Activity Emission factors Emission [Gg] [kg/Gg] [kg] TOTAL 46341 01. Combustion in energy and transformation industries 589 0101 Public power plants Hard coal 42006,0 0,013 546 0102 District heating plants Hard coal 871,0 0,013 11 0103 Petroleum refining plants Hard coal 8,6 0,013 0,1 0104 Solid fuel transformation plants Hard coal 120,0 0,013 2

13 0105 Coal mining, oil/ gas extraction, pipeline compressors Hard coal 1490,2 0,013 19 Fuel wood 0,2 0,06 0,01 02. Non-industrial combustion plants 798 0201 Commercial and institutional plants Hard coal 5723,0 0,013 74 Fuel wood 10,1 0,06 1 0202 Residential plants Hard coal 8102,8 0,013 105 Fuel wood 8554,9 0,06 513 0203 Plants in agriculture, forestry and aquaculture Hard coal 1501,0 0,013 20 Fuel wood 1413,3 0,06 85 03. Combustion in manufacturing industry 43476 0301 Combustion in boilers, gas turbines and stationery engines Hard coal 3078,5 0,013 40 Fuel wood 9,2 0,06 1 0302 Process furnaces without contact Hard coal 6484,5 0,013 84 Fuel wood 2156,4 0,06 129 0303 Processes with contact Hard coal 3229,9 0,013 42 Fuel wood 1,6 0,06 0,1 030301 Sinter and pelletizing plants 8078,7 4,7 37970 030309 Secondary copper production 68 39 2652 030311 Cement 15046,4 0,17 2558 09. Waste treatment and disposal 1478 090207 Incineration of hospital wastes 51,0 29 1478

Table 9. PCB emission in Poland in 2000. Emission source Activity Emission factor Emission [Gg] [g/Gg] [kg] TOTAL 2265 01. Combustion in energy and transformation industries 376 0101 Public power plants Hard coal 42006,0 3,6 151,22 Brown coal 58754,5 3,6 211,52 Fuel oil 175,2 3,6 0,63 0102 District heating plants Hard coal 871,0 3,6 3,14 Fuel oil 98,4 3,6 0,35 0103 Petroleum refining plants Hard coal 8,6 3,6 0,03 Fuel oil 696,8 3,6 2,51 0104 Solid fuel transformation plants Hard coal 120,0 3,6 0,43 Fuel oil 1,6 3,6 0,01 0105 Coal mining, oil/ gas extraction, pipeline compressors Hard coal 1490,2 3,6 5,36 Brown coal 354,1 3,6 1,27 Fuel oil 8,8 3,6 0,03 Fuel wood 0,2 3,5 0,001 02. Non-industrial combustion plants 98

14 0201 Commercial and institutional plants Hard coal 5723,0 3,6 20,60 Brown coal 35,0 3,6 0,13 Fuel oil 30,6 3,6 0,11 Fuel wood 10,1 3,5 0,04 0202 Residential plants Hard coal 8102,8 3,6 29,17 Brown coal 140,5 3,6 0,51 Fuel oil 710,3 3,6 2,56 Fuel wood 8554,9 3,5 29,94 0203 Plants in agriculture, forestry and aquaculture Hard coal 1501,0 3,6 5,40 Brown coal 135,1 3,6 0,49 Fuel oil 1109,5 3,6 3,99 Fuel wood 1413,3 3,5 4,95 03. Combustion in manufacturing industry 78 0301 Combustion in boilers, gas turbines and stationery engines Hard coal 3078,5 3,6 11,08 Brown coal 5,6 3,6 0,02 Fuel oil 283,1 3,6 1,02 Fuel wood 9,2 3,5 0,03 0302 Process furnaces without contact Hard coal 6484,5 3,6 23,34 Brown coal 41,7 3,6 0,15 Fuel oil 851,8 3,6 3,07 Fuel wood 2156,4 3,5 7,55 0303 Processes with contact Hard coal 3229,9 3,6 11,63 Brown coal 7,4 3,6 0,03 Fuel oil 13,8 3,6 0,05 Fuel wood 1,6 3,5 0,01 030301 Sinter and pelletizing plants 8078,7 2,4 19,39 030309 Secondary copper production 68,0 2,6 0,18 030310 Secondary aluminium production 46,9 2,6 0,12 04. Production processes 81 040203 Pig iron tapping 6491,9 3,6 23,37 040205 Open heart furnace steel plants 414,5 2,6 1,08 040206 Basic oxygen furnace steel plants 6793,8 2,6 17,66 040207 Electric furnace steel plants 3290,0 2,6 8,55 040208 Rolling mills 11477,8 2,6 29,84 06. Solvent and other product use 1632 060507 Electrical equipment 1,02 1600000 1632

15 Table 10. Emission factors of PAH indicators in Poland in 2000.

Emission source BaP* BbF* BkF* I_P* [kg/Gg] [kg/Gg] [kg/Gg] [kg/Gg] 01. Combustion in energy and transformation industries 0101 Public power plants Hard coal 0,00000352 0,00000732 0,00000732 0,00000703 Brown coal 0,00000352 0,00000732 0,00000732 0,00000703 Fuel oil 0,00468 0,00398 0,00398 0,00757 0102 District heating plants Hard coal 0,00000352 0,00000732 0,00000732 0,00000703 Brown coal 0,00000352 0,00000732 0,00000732 0,00000703 Fuel oil 0,00468 0,00398 0,00398 0,00757 0103 Petroleum refining plants Hard coal 0,000586 0,0234 0,0234 0,0176 Brown coal 0,000586 0,0234 0,0234 0,0176 Fuel oil 0,00343 0,00181 0,00283 0,00684 Fuel wood 0,000095 0,019 0,019 0,00017 0104 Solid fuel transformation plants Hard coal 0,000586 0,0234 0,0234 0,0176 Brown coal 0,000586 0,0234 0,0234 0,0176 Fuel oil 0,00343 0,00181 0,00283 0,00684 Fuel wood 0,000095 0,019 0,019 0,00017 0105 Coal mining, oil/ gas extraction, pipeline compressors Hard coal 0,000586 0,0234 0,0234 0,0176 Brown coal 0,000586 0,0234 0,0234 0,0176 Fuel oil 0,00343 0,00181 0,00283 0,00684 Fuel wood 0,000095 0,019 0,019 0,00017 02. Non-industrial combustion plants 0201 Commercial and institutional plants Hard coal 0,000586 0,0234 0,0234 0,0176 Brown coal 0,000586 0,0234 0,0234 0,0176 Fuel oil 0,00343 0,00181 0,00283 0,00684 Fuel wood 0,000095 0,019 0,019 0,00017 0202 Residential plants Hard coal 1,5 1,6 0,05 3,0 Brown coal 0,845 1,15 0,525 1,11 Fuel oil 0,00343 0,00181 0,00283 0,00684 Fuel wood 2,48 3,26 1,08 1,76 0203 Plants in agriculture, forestry and aquaculture Hard coal 1,5 1,6 0,05 3,0 Brown coal 0,845 1,15 0,525 1,11 Fuel oil 0,00343 0,00181 0,00283 0,00684 Fuel wood 2,48 3,26 1,08 1,76 03. Combustion in manufacturing industry 0301 Combustion in boilers, gas turbines and stationery engines Hard coal 0,000586 0,0234 0,0234 0,0176 Brown coal 0,000586 0,0234 0,0234 0,0176 Fuel oil 0,00343 0,00181 0,00283 0,00684 Fuel wood 0,000095 0,019 0,019 0,00017 0302 Process furnaces without contact Hard coal 0,000586 0,0234 0,0234 0,0176 Brown coal 0,000586 0,0234 0,0234 0,0176 Fuel oil 0,00343 0,00181 0,00283 0,00684 Fuel wood 0,000095 0,019 0,019 0,00017

16 0303 Processes with contact Hard coal 0,000586 0,0234 0,0234 0,0176 Brown coal 0,000586 0,0234 0,0234 0,0176 Fuel oil 0,00343 0,00181 0,00283 0,00684 Fuel wood 0,000095 0,019 0,019 0,00017 04. Production processes 040201 Coke oven (door leakage and extinction) 0,75 0,25 0,25 0,30 040301 Aluminium production (electrolysis) 11 40,18 40,18 5,0 06. Solvent and other product use 060107 Wood preservation 0,5 0,25 0,25 0,25 07. Road transport Motor gasoline 0,0107 0,00001498 0,00000642 0,0000107 Diesel oil 0,297 0,0004158 0,0001782 0,000297 08. Other mobile sources and machinery Motor gasoline 0,0107 0,00001498 0,00000642 0,0000107 Diesel oil 0,297 0,0004158 0,0001782 0,000297 * BaP -benzo(a)pyrene, BbF - benzo(b)fluoranthene, BbF - benzo(b)fluoranthene, I_P - indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene

Table 11. Emission of PAH indicators in Poland in 2000.

Emission source BaP* BbF* BkF* I_P* PAH [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] Total 48298 52868 16082 50012 167260 01. Combustion in energy and transformation industries 5 49 50 43 147 0101 Public power plants Hard coal 0,148 0,307 0,307 0,295 1,06 Brown coal 0,207 0,430 0,430 0,413 1,48 Fuel oil 0,820 0,697 0,697 1,326 3,54 0102 District heating plants Hard coal 0,003 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,02 Fuel oil 0,461 0,392 0,392 0,745 1,99 0103 Petroleum refining plants Hard coal 0,005 0,201 0,201 0,151 0,56 Fuel oil 2,390 1,261 1,972 4,766 10,39 0104 Solid fuel transformation plants Hard coal 0,070 2,808 2,808 2,112 7,80 Fuel oil 0,005 0,003 0,005 0,011 0,02 0105 Coal mining, oil/ gas extraction, pipeline compressors Hard coal 0,873 34,871 34,871 26,228 96,84 Brown coal 0,208 8,286 8,286 6,232 23,01 Fuel oil 0,030 0,016 0,025 0,060 0,13 Fuel wood 0,000 0,005 0,005 0,000 0,01 02. Non-industrial combustion plants 39369 48317 11531 46775 145992 0201 Commercial and institutional plants Hard coal 3,354 133,918 133,918 100,725 371,91 Brown coal 0,021 0,819 0,819 0,616 2,27 Fuel oil 0,105 0,055 0,087 0,209 0,46 Fuel wood 0,001 0,192 0,192 0,002 0,39 0202 Residential plants Hard coal 12154,200 12964,480 405,140 24308,400 49832,22 Brown coal 118,723 161,575 73,763 155,955 510,02 Fuel oil 2,436 1,286 2,010 4,858 10,59 Fuel wood 21216,052 27888,842 9239,248 15056,553 73400,69 0203 Plants in agriculture, forestry and aquaculture

17 Hard coal 2251,500 2401,600 75,050 4503,000 9231,15 Brown coal 114,160 155,365 70,928 149,961 490,41 Fuel oil 3,806 2,008 3,140 7,589 16,54 Fuel wood 3504,875 4607,215 1526,317 2487,331 12125,74 03. Combustion in manufacturing industry 12 344 345 234 935 0301 Combustion in boilers, gas turbines and stationery engines Hard coal 1,804 72,037 72,037 54,182 200,06 Brown coal 0,003 0,131 0,131 0,099 0,36 Fuel oil 0,971 0,512 0,801 1,936 4,22 Fuel wood 0,001 0,174 0,174 0,002 0,35 0302 Process furnaces without contact Hard coal 3,800 151,737 151,737 114,127 421,40 Brown coal 0,024 0,976 0,976 0,734 2,71 Fuel oil 2,922 1,542 2,411 5,826 12,70 Fuel wood 0,205 40,971 40,971 0,367 82,51 0303 Processes with contact Hard coal 1,893 75,580 75,580 56,846 209,90 Brown coal 0,004 0,173 0,173 0,130 0,48 Fuel oil 0,047 0,025 0,039 0,095 0,21 Fuel wood 0,000 0,031 0,031 0,000 0,06 04. Production processes 7319 4153 4153 2956 18581 040201 Coke oven (door leakage and extinction) 6802,060 2267,353 2267,353 2720,824 14057,59 040301 Aluminium production (electrolysis) 516,351 1886,089 1886,089 234,705 4523,23 06. Solvent and other product use 4 2 2 2 10 060107 Wood preservation 4,227 2,114 2,114 2,114 10,57 07. Road transport 1165 2 1 1 1169 Motor gasoline 52,761 0,074 0,032 0,053 52,92 Diesel oil 1112,265 1,557 0,667 1,112 1115,60 08. Other mobile sources and machinery 424 1 0,3 0,4 426 Motor gasoline 0,729 0,001 0,000 0,001 0,73 Diesel oil 423,522 0,593 0,254 0,424 424,79 * BaP -benzo(a)pyrene, BbF - benzo(b)fluoranthene, BbF - benzo(b)fluoranthene, I_P - indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene

18 APPENDIX

19 Table 1-(T). Anthropogenic national annual emissions 1980-2000, 2010 and 2020

Party: Poland Sector: All sectors

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2010 2020

SOx(as SO2) 4100 4300 4200 4200 4180 3910 3210 2995 2820 2725 2605 2376 2368 2181 1897 1719 1511

NOx(as NO2) 1229 1500 1510 1530 1550 1480 1280 1205 1130 1120 1105 1120 1154 1114 991 951 838

NH3 550 550 550 550 550 550 508 450 447 382 384 380 364 350 371 341 322

NMVOC 1036 912 889 954 985 1011 1029 1014 1026 1016 831 833 805 756 819 769 766 774 730 731 599

CO 7406 7083 8655 5115 4547 4837 4700 4301 4363 3463

TSP 463923

PM10 281885

PM2.5 135317

SO2, NO2, NMVOCs, NH3 and CO in Giga grams per year; PMs in Mega grams per year.

20 Table 1-A. Anthropogenic national annual emissions 1980-2000, 2010 and 2020

Party: Poland Sector 1: Combustion in energy and transformation industries

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2010 2020

SOx(as SO2) 1935 1589 1480 1320 1290 1270 1325 1320 1204 1113 981 853

NOx(as NO2) 493 398 376 380 380 413 403 345 291 269 257

NH3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

NMVOC 11 11 11 11 12 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 12 11 13 14 13 13 13 13

CO 20 33 50 51 48 52 47 50

TSP 72433

PM10 36425

PM2.5 11731

SO2, NO2, NMVOCs, NH3 and CO in Giga grams per year; PMs in Mega grams per year

21 Table 1-B. Anthropogenic national annual emissions 1980-2000, 2010 and 2020

Party: Poland

Sector 2: Non-industrial combustion plants

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2010 2020

SOx(as SO2) 860 444 455 456 750 710 527 521 487 374 385 310

NOx(as NO2) 43 39 44 130 125 116 131 123 105 113 97

NH3 0.2

NMVOC 168 163 158 146 159 163 160 163 159 154 141 142 131 133 160 157 178 164 145 147 98

CO 6130 2570 2391 2650 2483 2005 2134 1688

TSP 162206

PM10 121537

PM2.5 55784

SO2, NO2, NMVOCs, NH3 and CO in Giga grams per year; PMs in Mega grams per year

22 Table 1-C. Anthropogenic national annual emissions 1980-2000, 2010 and 2020

Party: Poland

Sector 3: Combustion in manufacturing industry

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2010 2020

SOx(as SO2) 1290 1006 899 877 535 495 421 428 394 333 278 281

NOx(as NO2) 348 321 271 160 140 161 183 174 135 153 153

NH3 0.3

NMVOC 47 44 42 40 41 40 40 39 40 37 30 29 27 27 26 11 11 10 9 8 10

CO 100 72 21 31 27 55 54 54

TSP 46785

PM10 27643

PM2.5 15123

SO2, NO2, NMVOCs, NH3 and CO in Giga grams per year; PMs in Mega grams per year

23 Table 1-D. Anthropogenic national annual emissions 1980-2000, 2010 and 2020

Party: Poland

Sector 4: Production processes

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2010 2020

SOx(as SO2) 129 94 90 86 100 80 60 53 48 32 27 26

NOx(as NO2) 75 54 43 30 40 17 21 19 19 19 17

NH3 35 20 20 16 6 6 5 3 3 3

NMVOC 79 73 72 74 77 72 80 80 83 81 67 60 61 59 58 65 66 69 68 66 69

CO 25 60 37 28 26 26 26 25

TSP 35675

PM10 26558

PM2.5 15127

SO2, NO2, NMVOCs, NH3 and CO in Giga grams per year; PMs in Mega grams per year

24 Table 1-E. Anthropogenic national annual emissions 1980-2000, 2010 and 2020

Party: Poland

Sector 5: Extraction and distribution of fossil fuels and geothermal energy

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2010 2020

SOx(as SO2)

NOx(as NO2)

NH3

NMVOC 32 28 27 29 31 32 31 32 33 32 27 29 30 37 37 44 43 44 41 42 38

TSP 37075

PM10 16634

PM2.5 1667

SO2, NO2, NMVOCs, NH3 and CO in Giga grams per year; PMs in Mega grams per year

25 Table 1-F. Anthropogenic national annual emissions 1980-2000, 2010 and 2020

Party: Poland

Sector 6: Solvent and other product use

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2010 2020

SOx(as SO2)

NOx(as NO2)

NH3

NMVOC 281 240 210 241 261 278 283 276 283 264 162 155 139 127 127 129 136 134 135 132 158

TSP

PM10

PM2.5

SO2, NO2, NMVOCs, NH3 and CO in Giga grams per year; PMs in Mega grams per year

26 Table 1-G. Anthropogenic national annual emissions 1980-2000, 2010 and 2020

Party: Poland

Sector 7: Road transport

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2010 2020

SOx(as SO2) 86 140 90 91 50 50 42 46 47 45 48 32

NOx(as NO2) 385 402 393 396 420 420 319 309 303 292 286 230

NH3 0.1

NMVOC 310 257 269 306 298 304 310 299 302 317 281 291 290 262 296 270 239 252 234 247 143

CO 1590 1590 1143 1030 1095 1040 1119 688

TSP 53679

PM10 18636

PM2.5 16929

SO2, NO2, NMVOCs, NH3 and CO in Giga grams per year; PMs in Mega grams per year

27 Table 1-H. Anthropogenic national annual emissions1980-2000, 2010 and 2020

Party: Poland

Sector 8: Other mobile sources and machinery

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2010 2020

SOx(as SO2) 9

NOx(as NO2) 95 108 150 149 113 84

NH3 0.02

NMVOC 74 62 65 72 72 75 78 77 79 84 76 79 82 65 71 46 45 53 49 40 34

CO 125 140 168 158 105 117

TSP 6992

PM10 6992

PM2.5 6992

SO2, NO2, NMVOCs, NH3 and CO in Giga grams per year; PMs in Mega grams per year

28 Table 1-I. Anthropogenic national annual emissions 1980-2000, 2010 and 2020

Party: Poland

Sector 9: Waste treatment and disposal

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2010 2020

SOx(as SO2)

NOx(as NO2) 84

NH3 43 25 25 25 16 16 16 16 16 16

NMVOC 1 1 1 2 2 2

CO 790 790 782 908 853 966 880 841

TSP 20350

PM10 12380

PM2.5 7538

SO2, NO2, NMVOCs, NH3 and CO in Giga grams per year; PMs in Mega grams per year

29 Table 1-J. Anthropogenic national annual emissions 1980-2000, 2010 and 2020

Party: Poland

Sector 10: Agriculture

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2010 2020

SOx(as SO2)

NOx(as NO2)

NH3 459 397 336 342 356 341 328 350 321 302

NMVOC 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34

TSP 24376

PM10 11096

PM2.5 568

SO2, NO2, NMVOCs, NH3 and CO in Giga grams per year; PMs in Mega grams per year

30 Table 1-K. Anthropogenic national annual emissions 1980-2000, 2010 and 2020

Party: Poland

Sector 11: Other sources and sinks

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2010 2020

SOx(as SO2)

NOx(as NO2) 1

NH3 42 27

NMVOC

TSP 4352

PM10 3984

PM2.5 3858

SO2, NO2, NMVOCs, NH3 and CO in Giga grams per year; PMs in Mega grams per year

31 Table 2-(T). Anthropogenic national annual emissions of heavy metals 1990-2000 Party: Poland Sector: All sectors

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Lead (Pb) 1371.7 1335.6 986.0 996.9 966.1 936.6 959.7 895.8 736 745 647.5 Cadmium (Cd) 91.6 85.0 84.1 91.9 85.8 82.6 91.2 85.8 55.4 61.7 50.4 Mercury (Hg) 33.3 32.7 31.9 32.5 32.4 32.3 33.6 33.0 29.5 27.1 25.6

Arsenic (As) 82.1 79.8 78.9 82.4 76.2 73.4 75.6 71.0 54.3 58.8 50.4 Chromium (Cr) 154.6 133.5 121.6 127.8 120.0 118.3 117.0 116.0 89.8 89.8 84.3 Copper (Cu) 599.4 530.4 497.3 511.0 478.3 464.9 494.8 475.1 388.7 420.9 374.5 Nickel (Ni) 370.0 354.8 349.8 352.9 322.5 312.3 328.3 364.9 251.3 259.8 251.4 Selenium (Se)

Zinc (Zn) 3091.5 2780.9 2677.5 2829.9 2623.7 2580.5 2749.0 2579.6 2191.4 2377.1 2173

Units: Mega grams per year.

Table 2-A. Anthropogenic national annual emissions of heavy metals 1990-2000 Party: Poland Sector 1: Combustion in energy and transformation industries

32 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Lead (Pb) 49 42.6 47.4 43 33.9 31.3 29.9 27.1 Cadmium (Cd) 2.8 2.4 4.2 4.5 3.7 3.1 2.9 2.9 Mercury (Hg) 14.9 14.8 14.9 15.3 15 14.7 10.3 10.2 Arsenic (As) 14.0 12.8 12.5 8.7 6.7 5.9 5.7 5.8 Chromium (Cr) 14.4 12.8 13.9 10.5 8.3 7.7 7.4 7.6 Copper (Cu) 40.6 35.7 38.3 31.3 24.9 22.7 21.8 21.4 Nickel (Ni) 33.9 30.4 53.3 43.1 37.9 28.2 27.2 39.7 Selenium (Se) Zinc (Zn) 153.2 134.7 147.3 138.2 120.8 100.6 95.2 81.1

Units: Mega grams per year.