American Journal Of Chinese Studies

American Journal of Chinese Studies (ISSN 0742-5929) Copyright ©2014 American Association for Chinese Studies Editor: Thomas J. Bellows The University of Texas at San Antonio Book Review Editor: Yu-long Ling Franklin College

Editorial Board: Peter C.Y. Chow, City University of New York; Cal Clark, Auburn University; Lowell Dittmer, University of California-Berkeley; Cho-yun Hsu, University of Pittsburgh; David L. Kenley, Elizabethtown College; Hsingwei Lee, Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation; Ta-ling Lee, Southern Connecticut State University; Gary Rawnsley, University of Nottingham, UK; Hung-chaoTai, University of Detroit at Mercy; Wen-hui Tsai, Indiana-Purdue University; Yenna Wu, University of California, Riverside; Yu- shan Wu, Academia Sinica. The American Journal of Chinese Studies is the official publication of the American Association for Chinese Studies and is published twice a year, in April and October. The language of publication is English. The AJCS is interested in receiving manuscripts dealing with Taiwan, China and locales with significant Chinese population or influence. The AJCS publishes articles in all social science disciplines, including modern history. The journal also is actively soliciting manuscripts in the humanities. Manuscripts are refereed for acceptance. All opinions expressed in the AJCS are the author's and should not be imputed to the association. Manuscripts, should not exceed 25 pages, should be typed, and double-spaced. Footnotes are to be typed at the bottom of the text. There is not a separate listing for references. For transli- teration, the Wade-Giles system is recommended for information pertinent to the Republic of China and the Pinyin System for the People's Republic of China. For additional information on styling, consult The Chicago Manual of Style and previous issues of the journal. Please submit your manuscript electronically in Word. Submissions should include an abstract of no more than 250 words and a two or three sentence biography. Your bio may include your e-mail address or your web site. Send to Professor Thomas J. Bellows, Editor, American Journal of Chinese Studies, Department of Political Science, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, U.S.A. E-Mail: . Books for review should be sent to Yu-long Ling, Professor Emeritus (Franklin College), 1915 Hillside Drive, Franklin, IN 46131, U.S.A. E-Mail: .

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All library and other institutional subscriptions will be handled through the AJCS Editorial office, Professor Thomas Bellows, Department of Political Science, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, email: . The annual subscription rate is $30. For individual memberships in the American Association of Chinese Studies, which includes a subscription to the journal, contact the AACS Executive Secretary, Prof- essor Peter C.Y Chow, R4/116, The City College - CUNY, Convent Avenue and 138th Street, New York, f\TY 10031, E-Mail: [email protected]. The annual membership rate (two issues) is $30.00 for individuals. The web site for the journal and information about the American Association for Chinese Studies is available at www.utsa.edu/ajcs. Additional information about the Association is available at aacs.ccny.cuny.edu

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The AJCS is indexed and/or abstracted in America: History & Life; Historical Abstracts; Inte- rnational Political Science Abstracts; Bibliography of Asian Studies; Public Affairs Information Service, Standard Periodical Directory is electronically indexed in Uncover, and is listed in the MLA Directory of Periodicals and Ulrich 5 Inte-rnational Periodicals Directory. American Journal of Chinese Studies (ISSN 0742-5929) Vol. 21 April 2014 No.1

IN MEMORIAM: DAVID DEAN...... iii

FROM THE EDITOR...... v

COMMENTARY

CHINA’S ARRIVAL ...... 1 Lowell Dittmer

ARTICLES

MILITARY REFORM IN TAIWAN: THE LAFAYETTE SCANDAL, NATIONAL DEFENSE LAW AND ALL- VOLUNTEER FORCE ...... 7 Eric Setzerkorn

COMPETING NARRATIVES: CHOOSING THE TIGER IN ANG LEE'S LIFE OF PI ...... 21 Jason Coe

THE GLOCALIZATION OF JOHN DEWEY’S EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY IN REPUBLICAN-ERA CHINA ...31 Jeffer B. Daykin

REMAPPING EMOTION AND DESIRE: SAME-SEX ROMANCE IN AH CHENG’S THE KING OF CHESS ...... 45 Yanjie Wang

BOOK REVIEWS

CHO-YUN HSU. China: A New Cultural History, translated by Timothy D. Baker and Michael S. Duke. New York: Columbia University Press, 2012. 632 pp...... 61 Chia-lin Pao Tao

PETER C.Y. CHOW, ED. Economic Integration Across the Taiwan Strait: Global Perspectives. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2013. 273 pp...... 62 Cal Clark

ANDREW J. NATHAN, LARRY DIAMOND, AND MARC F. PLATTNER, EDS. Will China Democratize? Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013. 311 pp...... 64 June Teufel Dreyer

PETER NOLAN. Is China Buying the World? Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2012. 147 pp...... 66 John Stevens

DANIEL LEESE. Mao Cult: Rhetoric and Ritual in China's Cultural Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. xvii + 304 pp...... 67 Steven Pieragastini

LINDA YUEH. China’s Growth: The Making of an Economic Superpower. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. 384 pp...... 69 Lukas K. Danner

JOHN W. DARDESS. A Political Life in Ming China: A Grand Secretary and His Times. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2013. xii + 207 pp ...... 71 Yang Wei

HENRIETTA HARRISON. The Missionary’s Curse and Other Tales from a Chinese Catholic Village. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013. xv + 276 pp...... 72 Ying-Kit Chan

DARIA BERG AND CHLOË STARR, EDS. The Quest for Gentility in China: Negotiations Beyond Gender and Class. London and New York: Routledge, 2007. xvi + 299 pp...... 74 Xiaoyi Liu

ADVERTISEMENTS In Memoriam David Dean

David Dean served his country with great distinction. He was a U.S. Naval aviator in World War II. After receiving his undergraduate degree from Harvard University and his Masters degree from Columbia University, he was a Foreign Service Officer from 1951-1979. His assignment to the U.S. Foreign Service Language School in Taichung, Taiwan, began a career focused on Chinese affairs, including notably Taiwan. He was Political Counselor and Charge d'Affaires in Taipei, Deputy Principal Officer at the U.S. Consulate General in Hong Kong, and Deputy Chief of Mission in Peking. The break in all official U.S. relations with Taiwan accompanied the Jimmy Carter administration’s agreement to establish official relations with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on January 1, 1979. American relations with Taiwan were to be carried out by a technically unofficial and very experimental entity known as the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT). Mr. Dean was named Managing Director. Bipartisan majorities in the two houses of Congress opposed many aspects of the Carter administration’s treatment of Taiwan; they strengthened U.S. support for Taiwan and the fledgling AIT during strenuous debate and extensive amendments leading to the Taiwan Relations Act of April 1979. Strong disagreement and deep distrust festered between many in the Congress and officials representing the Carter administration regarding Taiwan. Nevertheless, Mr. Dean worked with remarkable effectiveness both with his overseers in the administration and with congressional members and staff. His colleagues in both branches repeatedly cited features that marked his entire career: “fairness, moderation, reasonableness and compassion.” He eschewed the limelight, working diligently in shoring up AIT and American support for Taiwan within the overall framework of the U.S. one China policy. These were difficult times for U.S.-Taiwan relations and for AIT. Senior officials in the Carter and early Ronald Reagan administrations favored continued cuts in U.S. interaction with Taiwan as a means to win favor with and improve relations with Beijing. A compromise in the August 17, 1982 communiqué between the United States and China seemed to signal a gradual end of U.S. arms sales to Taiwan. David Dean and the director of AIT in Taiwan, James Lilley, are credited with a concurrent move, the provision of “six assurances” from the U.S. president to the Taiwan president, which showed continued strong support for Taiwan and offset negative reaction to the 1982 communiqué. George Shultz, Secretary of State 1983-1989, began a period of greater U.S. resolve to support Taiwan despite China’s objections. But other challenges emerged. Congressional members pushed for greater human rights and democracy in Taiwan while many Taiwan oppositionists were detained and mistreated and Taiwan leader Chiang Ching-kuo seemed very ill. A leading Taiwan general came to Washington looking for support for a new more authoritarian regime. Mr. Dean mobilized his extensive contacts on Capitol Hill and within the administration to put a stop to such ambitions. Chiang Ching-kuo recovered, banished the general to an ambassadorship as far away from Taiwan as possible, and resumed slow but accelerating moves toward democracy in Taiwan. Mr. Dean left the post of Managing Director and went to direct the AIT office in Taipei from 1987 to 1989, supporting the burgeoning free elections ushering in a new era of Taiwan democracy. After returning to Washington, he served for many years as Advisor to the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation, a major source of support for scholarly work on Chinese affairs including Taiwan. He participated actively on the Board of our American Association of Chinese Studies. The University of Virginia honored Mr. Dean in 2011 with the establishment of the David Dean 21st Century Professorship in Asian Studies. Those of us who had the opportunity to get to know David Dean remark that a life of such importance never altered his kind and attentive interchange with whomever he encountered. He was a warm friend, a wonderful colleague and a true gentleman.

Robert Sutter George Washington University American Journal of Chinese Studies (ISSN 0742-5929) Vol. 20 October 2013 No.2

FROM THE EDITOR...... iii

ARTICLES

THE MEANING OF XI JINPING’S CHINESE DREAM...... 95 Winberg Chai and May-lee Chai

CHINA, BRAZIL AND ARGENTINA: AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT?...... 99 Ernesto A. O’Connor

THE HUMAN-NATURE PREMISE: IS IT POSSIBLE TORECONCILE CHRISTIAN & CONFUCIAN CULTURES? ...... 111 James C. Hsiung

CHANGES AND CONTINUITIES: THE TECHNOLOGICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF A PRIVATIZED STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE IN LATE QING CHINA...... 121 Juanjuan Peng

LOOKING BACK TOWARDS EAST ASIA: THE RE-SINICIZATION OF THE SOUTH SEAS SOCIETY IN SINGAPORE, 1971-2000...... 137 Leander Seah

BRIDGING 1949: BRETHREN MISSIONARIES AND THE COMMUNIST REVOLUTION...... 153 Cesar Vera, Jeffrey Bach, and David Kenley

BOOK REVIEWS

JOHN F. COPPER. Taiwan: Nation-State or Province?, 6th ed. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2013. 259 pp...... 167 Shue Tuck Wong

DONALD GROSS. The China Fallacy: How the U.S. Can Benefit from China’s Rise and Avoid Another Cold War. New York: Bloomsbury, 2013. 295 pp...... 169 Jerry McBeath

JUDITH SHAPIRO. China’s Environmental Challenges, Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2012. 205 pp ...... 171 June Teufel Dreyer

JOHN OSBURG. Anxious Wealth: Money and Morality Among China's New Rich. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2013. 234 pp...... 172 Edward Friedman

TANSEN SEN AND VICTOR H. MAIR. Traditional China in Asian and World History. The Association for Asian Studies (AAS), Inc., 2012. 108 pp ...... 174 Julia Luong Dinh

BEHZAD YAGHMAIAN. The Accidental Capitalist: The People’s Story of the New China. London: Pluto Press, 2012. 173 pp...... 176 Penelope B. Prime

DEAN P. CHEN. US Taiwan Strait Policy: The Origins of Strategic Ambiguity. Boulder, CO: FirstForumPress, 2012. 298 pp ...... 177 Cal Clark

WARREN I. COHEN. America’s Response to China: A History of Sino-American Relations, 5th ed. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010. 326 pp...... 179 Judy S. Lu

HUI-YU CAROLINE TSAI. Taiwan in Japan’s Empire Building: An institutional approach to colonial engineering. New York: Routledge, 2009. 323 pp...... 180 Kort Everett Jackson

ADVERTISEMENTS American Journal of Chinese Studies (ISSN 0742-5929) Vol. 20 April 2013 No.1

COMMENTARY

THE WIDENING GAP...... 1 Ta-ling Lee

ARTICLES

THE DRAGON’S CLIPPED WINGS: THE CHINESE PREDATORY STATE’S FAILED ATTEMPT AT DEVELOPING A Y-10 COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT DURING THE MAO ZEDONG ERA...... 5 Derek A. Levine

THE STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS OF MA YING-JEOU’S “ONE ROC, TWO AREAS” POLICY ON CROSS- STRAIT RELATIONS...... 23 Dean P. Chen

WHITHER(ING) IDENTITY? NATIONAL IDENTITY AND PARTISAN SUPPORT IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS ON TAIWAN 2004 - 2012...... 43 Ulyses Balderas and Hans Stockton

GENDER DIFFERENCE IN SOCIAL PARTICIPATION AMONG THE RETIRED ELDERLY PEOPLE IN TAIWAN 61 Siao-Wei Huang and Ching-Li Yang

BOOK REVIEWS

VINCENT GOOSSAERT AND DAVID A. PALMER, ED., The Religious Question in Modern China, Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press, 2012. 464 pp...... 75 Patrick Fuliang Shan

MCNEAL, ROBIN, Conquer and Govern: early Chinese Military Texts from the Yi Zhou shu. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2012, 246 pp ...... 78 Lukas K. Danner

LOWELL DITTMER AND GEORGE T. YU, ED., China, The Developing World, and the New Global Dynamic. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2010, 251 pp...... 79 Ngeow Chow Bing SCOTT KENNEDY, ED., Beyond the Middle Kingdom: Comparative Perspectives on China’s Capitalist Transformation. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011. xv-256 pp..81 June Teufel Dreyer

ANTHONY C. YU, ED., The Journey to the West, Revised edition. The University of Chicago, 2012. 4 Volumes...... 83 Yu-long Ling

STEVE CHAN, Looking for Balance: China, the United States, and Power Balancing in East Asia. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2012. 282 pp...... 85 John F. Copper

HARSH V. PANT. China’s Rising Global Profile: The Great Power Tradition. Brighton, Ontario: Sussex Academic Press, 2011. 132 pp ...... 86 Amitranjan Ranjan

KEVIN G. CAI, ED. Cross-Taiwan Straits Relations Since 1979: Policy Adjustment and Institutional Change Across the Straits. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 201. 384 pp ...... 89 Cal Clark

MICHAEL D. SWAINE. America's Challenge: Engaging a Rising China in the Twenty-First Century. Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2011...... 90 Johanna C. Granville

STUART CORBRIDGE, JOHN HARRISS, AND CRAIG JEFFREY. India Today: Economy, Politics, and Society. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2013. 384 pp...... 92 John Stevens

ADVERTISEMENTS American Journal of Chinese Studies (ISSN 0742-5929) Vol. 19 October 2012 No.2

ARTICLES

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF 2012 TAIWANESE ELECTIONS AND ITS IMPACTS ON CROSS-STRAIT RELATIONS ...... 75 Yeong-kuang Ger

THE PARADOXES IN TAIWAN’S ‘TWO-LEVEL GAME’ CONCERNING CROSS-STRAIT RELATIONS...... 89 Cal Clark and Alexander C. Tan

AN EXAMINATION OF WHY THE ENVIRONMENTAL VOLUNTARY APPROACH IS INAPPLICABLE IN ENTERPRISE-LED TAIWAN...... 105 Tsuey-Ping Lee

TAIWANESE COMMUNIST FEMINIST, XIE XUEHONG: LI ANG’S LITERARY PORTRAIT OF XIE XUEHONG’S PRE-1949 FEMINIST ACTIVISM IN TAIWAN...... 119 Ya-chen Chen

LEGITIMACY WITHOUT DEMOCRACY: WAY OF TRANSITION TOWARD SUPERPOWER?...... 127 Jinghao Zhou

BOOK REVIEWS

JUDY S. LU. The Birth of the First Republic in Asia: As Seen from the U.S. Diplomatic Document s. Hong Kong: Commercial Press, 2012. 321 pp...... 143 Yu-long Ling

HAO, YUFAN, C. X. GEORGE WEI, AND LOWELL DITTMER, EDS. Challenges to Chinese Foreign Pol icy: Diplomacy, Globalization, and the Next World Order. Lexington: University of Kent ucky, 2009. 377 pp...... 145 Yu-Shan Wu

DAMBISA MOYO. WINNER TAKE ALL: CHINA’S RACE FOR RESOURCES AND WHAT IT MEANS FO R THE WORLD. NEW YORK: BASIC BOOKS, 2012, 257 PP...... 147 Jerry McBeath

ELIZABETH FREUND LARUS. Politics and Society in Contemporary China. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rie nner, 2012. 489 pp...... 149 Cal Clark

YU-LONG LING. Confucianism & Americanism: An Immigrants Journey to the West. Indianapolis, IN: University of Indianapolis Press, 2012. 250 pp...... 151 James R. Curry

LOWELL DITTMER AND GEORGE T. YU, EDS. China, the Developing World, and the New Global Dynamic. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2010. 251 pp...... 153 Ngeow Chow Bing

BENJAMIN L. READ. Roots of the State: Neighborhood Organization and Social Networks in Beiji ng and Taipei. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2012. 356 pp...... 155 Brandon Alexander Millan

FROM THE EDITOR...... v

ARTICLES

DR. SUN YAT-SEN’S DOCTRINE AND IMPACT ON THE MODERN WORLD...... 1 Yu-long Ling

TWO PARADIGMS OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE APPROACH, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SOUTH KOREA AND TAIWAN...... 13 Kan-lin Hsu

CHINA’S REGIONAL DIPLOMACY TOWARD SOUTHEAST ASIA: CALCULATIONS AND CONSTRAINTS OF BEIJING’S ENGAGEMENT IN SECURITY MULTILATERALISM...... 29 Ning Liao

MA YINCHU: FROM YALE TO ARCHITECT OF CHINESE POPULATION POLICY...... 47 Richard Jackson

CHINA THROUGH YU HUA’S PRISM...... 55 Yenna Wu

BOOK REVIEWS

TAI-CHUN KUO AND RAMON H. MYERS. Taiwan’s Economic Transformation: Leadership, Property Rights and Institutional Change 1949-1965. London and New York: Routledge, 2012. 164 pp...... 63 Paul H. Tai

JON S. T. QUAH. Curbing Corruption in Asian Countries: An Impossible Dream? Bingley: Emerald, 2011. xxxv + 533 pp...... 65 Leslie Holmes

JENIFER HUANG MCBEATH AND JERRY MCBEATH. Environmental Change and Food Security in China. Heidelberg: Springer Advances in Global Change Research, Vol. 35, 2010. 303 pp...... 67 Cal Clark

YENNA WU, ED. AND SIMONA LIVESCU, Human Rights, Suffering, and Aesthetics in Political Prison Literature. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, 2011. 216 pp...... 69 Daniel Palm

JINGHAO ZHOU. China’s Peaceful Rise in a Global Context: A Domestic Aspect of China’s Map to Democratization, NY: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2010. 217 pp...... 70 Ger Yeong-kuang

ROBERT C. FEENSTRA AND SHANG-JIN WEI, EDS. China’s Growing Role in World Trade. Chicago: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010. 591 pp...... 72 John N. Stevens

ADVERTISEMENTS American Journal of Chinese Studies (ISSN 0742-5929) Vol. 18 October 2011 No.2

ARTICLES

TRYING TO MAKE A CONNECTION: BLOGGERS IN THE LEGISLATIVE YUAN ...... 81 Jonathan Sullivan

CIVIL-MILITARY INTEGRATION IN CHINA: A TECHNO-NATIONALIST APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT. 97 Patrick Besha

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT OF CHINA ...... 113 Xingming Fang and Tianlun Liu

FOUR FIRSTS IN REPUBLIC OF CHINA HISTORY ...... 131 Philip Y.M. Yang

BECOMING LOYAL: GENERAL XU SHIYOU AND MAOIST REGIMENTATION ...... 133 Patrick Fuliang Shan

IN MEMORIAM: HUNGDAH CHIU...... iv

ARTICLES

PATTERNS OF LEISURE ACTIVITIES AMONG THE URBAN CHINESE ELDERLY...... 1 Shih-fang Huang, Wen-hui Tsai, & Hsueh-wen Chow

LINKS TO PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING OF THE URBAN CHINESE ELDERLY ...... 11 Jianjun Ji, Justine A. Cornelius, & Kathryn M. Meinholz

CROSS-STRAIT RELATIONS UNDER MA’S ADMINISTRATION AND THE PROSPECT OF A PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT ...... 25 Yu-long Ling

TAIWAN CREATING A GOLDEN DECADE OF PROSPERITY ...... 35 Johnny Chiang

THE RISE OF CHINA AND ITS EFFECTS ON REGIONAL NUCLEAR ORDERS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHINA’S FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD IRAN AND NORTH KOREA ...... 39 Jihyun Kim

COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT AND PARENTS’ PERCEPTIONS IN AN EARLY CHILDHOOD INTERVENTION PROGRAM IN TAITUNG TAIWAN ...... 55 Linda Chiang & Azar Hadadian

BOOK REVIEWS

ROBERT G. SUTTER. Chinese Foreign Relations: Power and Policy since the Cold War, 2nd ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2010. 434 pp...... 65 Robert W. Fields

WEI-CHIN LEE. Taiwan’s Politics in the 21st Century: Changes and Challenges. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific, 2010. 294 pp...... 66 Jerry McBeath

JON S. T. QUAH. Public Administration Singapore-Style. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald, 2010. 311 pp. 68 Jeffery L. Ferrier DAVID CHUENYAN LAI. Chinese Community Leadership: Case Study of Victoria in Canada, Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific Publishing Co., 2010. 250 pp...... 69 Shue Tuck Wong

RICHARD KOMAIKO AND BEIBEI QUE. Lawyers in Modern China, Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 2009. 207 pp...... 73 Yu-long Ling

BENJAMIN I. PAGE AND TAO XIE. Living with the Dragon: How the American Public Views the Rise of China, by New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2010. 232 pp...... 75 William Bridges

BENJAMIN A. ELMAN. A Cultural History of Modern Science in China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2006. 308 pp...... 77 Darryl E. Brock

CHIA-LIN PAO TAO. Random Thoughts on the Issues of Chinese Women Vol. II—The Rain in the Desert. Taipei: Daoxiang, 2010...... 79 Ya-chen Chen

ADVERTISEMENTS In Memoriam Hungdah Chiu

I first met Professor Hungdah Chiu in 1984 at a workshop held in Chicago. Professor Chiu and I were the two guest speakers. I remember the talks were about social and political changes in Mainland China. After the work-shop, Professor Chiu asked me to send him a copy of my resume so that he could recommend me to join the Association of Chinese Social Scientists in North America and the American Association of Chinese Studies. This meeting with Professor Chiu was a significant event to me for I turned my focus of research on China studies for the next twenty some years. Several of my research works were published by the Maryland Series in Contemporary Asian Studies under his editorship.

Over the years we met quite regularly at several professional conferences held in the United States and Taiwan and I came to know him relatively well as a person and a scholar. Professor Chiu was a no nonsense person. Conversations with him had always been on the subject of scholarly interest, no small talk on weather, sports, or personal affairs. In reviewing the manuscripts I submitted to him for publication, he paid great attention to every detail, ranging from the accuracy of historical records to the clarity of every footnote. It was a great honor for me that he would accept and publish my manuscripts.

Professor Chiu was a man of great integrity. He was a firm supporter of the Republic of China on Taiwan. He devoted his entire life to protect and promote the interest of the government and people of Taiwan. Throughout his life, he never changed his allegiance. As an expert on international law, Professor Chiu played a significant role in securing Taiwan’s status in the international arena.

Professor Chiu was very generous and kind to young scholars. He often unselfishly introduced them to various professional associations and provided them with research funding. Most importantly, he offered his Maryland Series in Contemporary Asian Studies to younger scholars as a publication opportunity. I was very fortunate to receive such help from Professor Chiu while a junior faculty at Indiana-Purdue University at Fort Wayne and a member of the Association of Chinese Social Scientists in North America.

Without any doubt, the death of Professor Hungdah Chiu was a tremendously great loss to the academic community of China studies and to the government and people of the Republic of China on Taiwan. We will miss him.

Wen-hui Tsai Indiana University-Purdue University American Journal of Chinese Studies (ISSN 0742-5929) Vol. 17 October 2010 No.2

RESPONSE BY EDWARD FRIEDMAN...... iv

ARTICLES

TAIWAN PURSUES GLOBAL ENGAGEMENT BASED ON MUTUAL BENEFIT AND CO-PROSPERITY...... 99 Johnny Chiang

DEMOCRACY AND THE ROOTS OF CONSENSUS RHETORIC IN TAIWAN ...... 103 David Lorenzo

RE-EXAMINING LIN BIAL’S ROLE IN SINO-US INITIAL RAPPROACHMENT...... 119 Chenghong Li

DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE LOCAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESSES IN THE REFORM ERA: DYNAMICS AND LIMITS...... 131 Sun Ying

FANNING THE FLAMES OF WAR: CONSIDERING THE MILITARY VALUE OF THE THREE KINGDOMS PERIOD IN CHINESE HISTORY AT THE BATTLE OF CHI BI ...... 145 Vincent Lopez

BOOK REVIEWS

KEVIN J. O’BRIEN. Popular Protest in China. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008, 277 pp...... 155 Robert W. Fields

LI XIAOBING. A History of the Modern Chinese Army. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2007. 413 pp...... 157 Chi Man Kwong

SU CHI. Taiwan’s Relations with Mainland China: A Tale Wagging Two Dogs. London and New York: Routledge, 2009, xix, 342 pp...... 159 Duncan Taylor DOUG DUTHRIE. China and Globalization: The Social, Economic, and Political Transformation of Chinese Society, Rev. ed. New York: Routledge, 2009, 367 pp...... 160 Yungdeh Richard Chu

JOHN MAKEHAM AND A-CHIN HSIAU, EDS. Cultural, Ethnic, and Political Nationalism in Contemporary Taiwan. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005, 287 pp...... 162 Brandon Alexander Millan

WAN-I LIN. Social Welfare in Taiwn. Taipei: Wunan Press, 2006, 688 pp...... 164 William Bridges

MINQI LI. The Rise in China and the Demise of the Capitalist World System. New York: Monthly Review Press, 2008, 208 pp...... 165 Edward Friedman

ANTHONY C. YU. State and Religion in China: Historical and Textual Perspectives. Chicago: Open Court, 2005, 192 pp...... 167 T. Timothy Chen

ADVERTISEMENTS

American Journal of Chinese Studies (ISSN 0742-5929) Vol. 16 2009 Special Edition No.2

IN MEMORIAM TO HARVEY J. FELDMAN...... iv

ARTICLES

TAIWAN’S PROPOSALS AND VISIONS AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION...... 85 Stephen Shu-hung Shen

EXPLORING CHINA’S CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY FROM BOTH INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC PERSPECTIVES...... 87 Bo Wang

FROM MUDFLATS TO CYBER-HUB? THE SHANGHAI EXPERIENCE, 1842-2009...... 105 Niv Horesh

GOVERNANCE AND CORRUPTION: EXPLORING THE CONNECTION...... 119 Jon S.T. Quah

WANG JIAXIANG: NEW CHINA’S FIRST AMBASSADOR AND THE FIRST DIRECTOR OF THE INTERNATIONAL LIAISON DEPARTMENT OF THE CCP...... 137 Yafeng Xia

THE HAKKA FEMALE “ORPHAN OF ASIA” IN LI QIAO’S WINTRY NIGHT...... 157 Ya-chen Chen

BOOK REVIEWS JAY TAYLOR. The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard, 2009, 722 pp...... 171 Paul H. Tai

NAIXIN WANG TRANS. History of Movements in Taiwanese Society: Cultural Movements...... 174 Ya-chen Chen

YUSUF SHAHID AND TONY SAICH, EDS. China Urbanizes: Consequences, Strategies, and Policies ...... 176 Ya-chen Chen

ADVERTISEMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This Special Issue of the American Journal of Chinese Studies has received a publication subsidy from the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Research. The AJCS gratefully acknowledges this support. American Journal of Chinese Studies (ISSN 0742-5929) Vol. 16 2009 Special Edition

FROM THE EDITORS, Thomas J. Bellows and Jerry A. McBeath...... ii

ARTICLES

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE “PAN-ASIAN” VERSUS THE “CHINA-FIRST” EMPHASIS IN US POLICY TOWARD CHINA, 1969-2008: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE...... 1 Robert Sutter

CHINA’S SECOND ASCENT & INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (IR) THEORY...... 19 James C. Hsiung

U.S.-TAIWAN RELATIONS AND THE REFERENDUM ISSUE...... 41 June Teufel Dreyer CHINESENESS AND TAIWAN’S DEMOCRATIZATION...... 57 Edward Friedman

CHINA STUDIES AND AMERICAN SOCIOLOGY: A QUANTITATIVE ACCOUNT OF THE GROWTH OF RESEARCH ON CHINA IN AMERICAN SOCIOLOGY, 1950-2008...... 69 Wen-hui Tsai

CHANGES IN THE RESEARCH AND INSTRUCTION OF CHINESE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN THE U.S., 1959-2008: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES...... 83 Yenna Wu

BOOK REVIEWS

DANIEL LEESE. Brills Encyclopedia of China...... 107 Charles Thurston

YUSUF SHAHID AND TONY SAICH, EDS. China Urbanizes: Consequences, Strategies, and Policies ...... 108 Peter Yang

ADVERTISEMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This Special Issue of the American Journal of Chinese Studies has received a publication subsidy from the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Research. The AJCS gratefully acknowledges this support. American Journal of Chinese Studies (ISSN 0742-5929) Vol. 16 April 2009 No. 1

IN MEMORIAM TO PROFESSOR YUAN-LI WU...... v

ARTICLES

CHINA’S RECENT APPROACH TO FOREIGN AFFAIRS – IS THERE A DURABLE STRATEGY?...... 1 Robert Sutter

CROSS-BORDER CRIME BETWEEN TAIWAN AND MAINLAND CHINA: THE RESPONSE FROM THE TAIWAN GOVERNMENT...... 15 Sonny Lo

IS CHINESE HIGH RATE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH SUSTAINABLE?...... 33 Xingming Fang and H. Holly Wang

CHIANG KAI-SHEK’S RISE TO POWER: REFLECTIONS FROM HIS RECENTLY RELEASED DIARIES...... 49 Paul H. Tai

THE VALUE AND CONTRIBUTION OF TAIWAN’S WHO PARTICIPATION...... 65 Su Jun-pin

CHINA’S EVOLVING LEGAL SYSTEM...... 67 Valerie Sartor

THE SINO-VIETNAM WAR’S THIRTIETH ANNIVERSARY...... 71 John F. Copper

BOOK REVIEWS

PU YU-FU, Taiwan’s Star of Hope: Ma Ying-Jeou ...... 75 Yu-long Ling

J. MEGAN GREENE, The Origins of the Developmental State in Taiwan: Science Policy and the Quest for Modernization ...... 76 Cal Clark JAMES KYNGE, China Shakes Up the World: A Tiatan’s Rise and Trouble Future – And the Challenge for America...... 78 Yu-long Ling American Journal of Chinese Studies (ISSN 0742-5929) Vol. 15 October 2008 No. 2

FROM THE EDITOR...... ii

ARTICLES

DOES GROWING ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE REDUCE THE POTENTIAL FOR CONFLICT IN THE CHINA- TAIWAN-U.S. TRIANGLE?...... 57 Paul Clarke

CHINA’S CULTURAL SOFT POWER: AN EMERGING NATIONAL CULTURAL SECURITY DISCOURSE...... 69 Neil Renwick and Qing Cao

LIVE UP TO THE SPIRIT OF ‘ONE WORLD, ONE DREAM’...... 87 Vanessa Shih

2008 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN TAIWAN: SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT...... 89 Yu-long Ling

THE GROWTH OF TAIWAN’S AGING POPULATION AND ITS SOCIOECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES...... 93 Wen-hui Tsai

WEAK HAND, SKILLFUL PLAYER...... 107 Paul H. Tai

PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR THE 1990 STUDENT DEMOCRACY MOVEMENT AND EMIGRATION FROM TAIWAN: EXIT AND VOICE OR EXIT OR VOICE?...... 111 Brandon Alexander Millan and Joel S. Fetzer

MILITIA IN MODERN CHINA: LESSONS FOR CONTEMPORARY CONFLICTS...... 123 Edward A. McCord

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Beginning with the October 2003 issue, the American Journal of Chinese Studies has received a publication subsidy from the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Research. The AJCS gratefully acknowledges this support. This issue was funded in part with a publication subsidy from the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy. The AJCS gratefully acknowledges this support. American Journal of Chinese Studies (ISSN 0742-5929) Vol. 15 April 2007 No. 1

ARTICLES

CHINA’S ENVIRONMENTAL DIPLOMACY...... 1 Jerry McBeath and Bo Wang

GOOD GOVERNANCE, ACCOUNTABILITY AND ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM IN SINGAPORE...... 17 Jon S. T. Quah

PROBLEMS OF GOVERNANCE IN A NEW DEMOCRACY: THE CASE OF TAIWAN...... 35 John Fuh-Sheng Hsieh

TAIWAN MUST BE INCLUDED IN THE GLOBAL DISEASE PREVENTION NETWORK...... 49 Minister Sheng-mou Hou

BOOK REVIEWS

LAWRENCE R. SULLIVAN, Historical Dictionary of the People’s Republic of China, Second Edition.....51 Charles Thurston

JOHN F. COPPER, Historical Dictionary of Taiwan (Republic of China), Third Edition...... 52 Dennis V. Hickey

ZHISI LING, Taiwanese Folk Arts (Book Four): Belifes and Temples...... 54 Ya-chen Chen

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ACKNOWLEDMENT

Beginning with the October 2003 issue, the American Journal of Chinese Studies has received a publication subsidy from the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Research. The AJCS gratefully acknowledges this support.

NOTE: Manuscript subscriptions should be sent to American Journal of Chinese Studies (ISSN 0742-5929) Vol. 14 April 2007 No. 1

ARTICLES

CREATING A NEW ERA FOR GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY: COMPLETE THE INTERANTIONAL EPIDEMIC PREVENTION SYSTEM BY ALLOWING TAIWAN TO JOIN THE WHO...... 1 Hou Sheng-mou

CHANGES TO TAIWAN’S LEGAL PROFESSIONS: JUDGES, PROSECUTORS AND ATTORNEYS...... 5 Brian L. Kennedy

LEGACIES OF CHINA’S FORGOTTEN WAR: THE SINO-VIETNAM CONFLICT OF 1979...... 25 Xiaoliang Li

THE CONTEMPORARY CHINA COLLECTION IN THE ASIAN DIVISION: THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS...... 45 Judy S. Lu

BRNGING THE HOUSEHOLD BACK IN: RESTRUCTURING WOMEN’S LABOR IN BEIJING...... 61 Carrie Currier

BOOK REVIEWS

ROSS TERRILL, The New Chinese Empire and What it Means for the United States...... 83 John Purlee

SUPING LU, They were in Nanjing: The Nanjing Massacre Witnessed by American and British Nationals...... 87 David L. Kenley

KRISTEN DAY (ED.), China’s Environment and the Challenge of Sustainable Development...... 89 Jerry McBeath

NANCY BERNKOPF TUCKER (ED.), Dangerous Strait: The U.S.-Taiwan-China Crisis...... 91 John F. Copper

BERNARD P. WONG, The Chinese in Silicon Valley: Globalization, Social Networks, and Ethnic Identity ...... 95 Andria Crossan HAIMING LIU, The Transnational History of a Chinese Family: Immigrant Letter, Family Business, and Reverse Migration...... 99 Joel S. Fetzer

PATRICK HANAN, Chinese Fiction of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries...... 103 Yenna Wu

Modern and Contemporary History of the Three Nations in East Asia...... 109 Yungdeh Richard Chu

JAN S. PRYBALA, The American Way of Peace: An Interpretation...... 115 John N. Stevens

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Beginning with the October 2003 issue, the American Journal of Chinese Studies has received a publication subsidy from the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Research. The AJCS gratefully acknowledges this support.

NOTE: Manuscript subscriptions should be sent to American Journal of Chinese Studies (ISSN 0742-5929) Vol. 13 October 2006 No. 2

ARTICLES

THE TAIWAN-U.S. FREE TRADE AGREEMENT: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES...... 137 Chih-peng Huang

WHEN PRIVATE CAPITAL BECOMES SECURITY ASSEST-THE CHANGING PATTERN AND EVOLUTION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TAIWANESE BUSINESS AND CHINESE LOCAL GOVERNMENT: 1987-2004...... 149 Chun Yi Lee

RESOLVING MARKET WEAKNESSES...... 167 Editorial, Taiwan Review

CHINA AND THE US TRADE EMBARGO, 1950-1972...... 169 Xin-zhu J. Chen

PROCLAMATION, IMPLEMENTATION, AND ABOLISHMENT OF CHINA’S CUSTODY & REPATRIATION LAW ...... 187 Yuchao Zhu

MAKING KNOWN THE UNKNOWN WORLD: ETHNICITY, RELIGION AND POLITICAL MANIPULATIONS IN 1930S SOUTHWEST CHINA...... 209 Hsiao-ting Lin

‘IT IS HARD NOT TO WRITE SATIRE:’ IN A WORLD OF VICE AND FOLLY...... 233 Shelly W. Chan

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Beginning with the October 2003 issue, the American Journal of Chinese Studies has received a publication subsidy from the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Research. The AJCS gratefully acknowledges this support. NOTE: Manuscript subscriptions should be sent to American Journal of Chinese Studies (ISSN 0742-5929) Vol. 13 April 2006 No. 1

IN MEMORIAM TO WEN-LANG LI...... 1

ARTICLES

CHINA’S ECONOMIC STATECRAFT TOWARD SOUTHEAST ASIA: FREE TRADE AGREEMENT AND “PEACEFUL RISE”...... 5 Vincent Wei-Cheng Wang

A STUDY OF THE STATISTICAL TRADE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TAIWAN AND CHINA...... 35 Yuh-Jiun Lin

BETWEEN POLITICAL ADVANTAGE AND MARKET ALLOCATION: GUANGZHOU’S PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS IN MARKET TRANSITION...... 53 Kim-ming Lee and Kam-yee Law

THE “ONE CHINA” POLICY: TERMS OF ART...... 79 Stanton Jue

A SLICE OF COLD WAR HISTORY: THE SOARING CAT...... 89 Paul H. Tai

THE COMMUNIST SUNAN MISSION (1939-1941): A REVISIONIST APPROACH...... 97 Jianyue Chen

THE ROLE OF CHINESE CHRISTIANITY IN THE PROCESS OF CHINA’S DEMOCRATIZATION...... 117 Jinghao Zhou

ADVERTISEMENTS

* Beginning with the October 2003 issue, the American Journal of Chinese Studies has received a publication subsidy from the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Research. The AJCS gratefully acknowledges this support.

American Journal of Chinese Studies (ISSN 0742-5929) Vol. 12 October 2005 No. 2

ARTICLES

THE BEST OF TIMES AND THE WORST OF TIMES: CRIMINAL LAW REFORM IN TAIWAN...... 107 Brian L. Kennedy and Hon. Judge Chun-Ling Shen

TAIWAN’S TRADE IMBALANCE WITH CHINA: THE FACTORS AND THE TREND...... 139 Yu-Jiun Lin

THE “ONE CHINA” POLICY: TERMS OF ART...... 159 Stanton Jue

POLITICAL REALIGNMENT IN TAIWAN AND ITS IMPACT ON RELATIONS WITH CHINA...... 169 Yu-long Ling

A QUADRILATERAL RELATIONSHIP: ISRAEL, CHINA, TAIWAN, AND THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1992 ...... 177 Jonathan Goldstein

TEAM YAO: YAO MING, THE NBA, SPORTING GOODS AND SELLING SPORTS TO CHINA...... 203 Ben Keeler and John Nauright

CHINA’S NEW SECURITY CONCEPT AND PEACEFUL RISE: TRUSTFUL COOPERATION OR DECEPTIVE DIPLOMACY?...... 219 Elizabeth Freund Larus

FROM WARRIORS TO FARMERS: THE CHANGING SOCIAL STATUS OF MANCHU AND MONGOL BANNERMEN ON THE HEILONGJIANG FRONTIER, 1905-1931...... 243 Patrick Fuliang Shan Special Issue Elections 2004 in The Republic of China on Taiwan

American Journal of Chinese Studies (ISSN 0742-5929) Special Issue June 2005______

ARTICLES

TAIWAN’S DEMOCRACY AT A TURNING POINT...... 1 Yun-han Chu

A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TAIWANESE 2004 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION...... 25 Emile C.J. Sheng

PEACEFUL OR PROVOCATIVE: TAIWAN’S REFERENDUM, 2004...... 43 Gary D. Rawnsley

DIVIDED POLITICS IN AN ERA OF UNCERTAINTY: AFTERMATH OF THE 2004 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN TAIWAN...... 65 Yeong-kuang Ger

CROSS-STRAIT RELATIONS AFTER TAIWAN’S 2004 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION: A NEW ERA OF CONSTRUCTIVE INTERACTION OR SPIRAL CONFLICTS...... 79 Chen-Yuan Tung

PARALLELS IN THE POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN TAIWAN AND THE UNITED STATES...... 103 Cal Clark and Janet Clark

VOTERS GO TO THE POLLS...... 125 Myra Lu

TAIWAN’S LEGISLATIVE ELECTION IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE...... 129 Dafydd Fell THE 2004 TAIWANESE LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS: AN INEXACT SCIENCE...... 135 Brian L. Kennedy

TAIWAN’S POLITICAL PARTIES...... 163 John Copper

PARTY POLITICS...... 167 Wei-chin Lee

Available for Classroom Adoption or Special Order. Price per copy is $15 domestic and for foreign countries. The check should be made out to The American Journal of Chinese Studies, and sent to:

Professor Thomas J. Bellows The University of Texas at San Antonio Department of Political Science and Geography One UTSA Circle San Antonio, TX 78249 U.S.A. [email protected] American Journal of Chinese Studies (ISSN 0742-5929) Vol. 11 April 2004 No. 1

ARTICLES

THE POST-WAR JAPANESE PEACE TREATIES AND THE CHINA’S OCEAN FRONTIER PROBLEMS...... 1 Kimie Hara

FUTURE MARKETS IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTIVE...... 25 Donald Lien and Bo Yang

QUEMOY: A TALE OF TWO ISLANDS REDUX...... 37 Stanton Jue

CHINA D´ EJ `A VU: STAYING COMPETITIVE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY...... 41 Karl Buschmann

DEMOCRATIZATION AND TAIWAN’S CONSTITUTIONAL COURT...... 51 Jerry McBeath

BOOK REVIEW ESSAY

CHIAO-MIN HSIEH AND MAX LU, EDS. CHANGING CHINA: A GEOGRAPHICAL APPRAISAL...... 73 Shue Tuck Wong

BOOK REVIEWS

YU-LONG LING, AMERICAN SOCIETY THROUGH CONFUCIAN EYES...... 85 Jerry McBeath

YU-LONG LING, AMERICAN SOCIETY THROUGH CONFUCIAN EYES...... 86 Judy S. Lu

QIAN NING, CHINESE STUDENTS ENCOUNTER AMERICA...... 88 Lindsay L. Wang DANIEL B. WRIGHT, THE PROMISE OF THE REVOLUTION: STORIES OF FULFILLMENT AND STRUGGLE IN CHINA’S HINTERLAND...... 91 Robert Sutter American Journal of Chinese Studies (ISSN 0742-5929) Vol. 11 October 2004 No. 2

ARTICLES

LANGUAGE AND VIOLENCE DURING THE CHINESE CULTURAL REVOLUTION...... 93 Ji Fengyuan

TERRORISM AND PIRACY: CONVERGING MARITIME THREATS IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA...... 119 William M. Carpenter

CHINA’S ECONOMIC POLICIES AFTER THE CCP 16TH NATIONAL CONGRESS: AGENDA AND CHALLENGES ...... 133 Chu-yuan Cheng

CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT: THE CASE OF CHINESE POPULATION IN LOS ANGELES COUNTY...... 149 Russell Carr and Walter Kiang

FROM CONGAGEMENT TO ENGAGEMENT: THE CHANGING AMERICAN CHINA POLICY AND ITS IMPACT ON REGIONAL SECURITY...... 159 Yeong-kuang Ger

SUBVERSION OR PROTEST? SINGAPORE CHINESE STUDENT MOVEMENTS IN THE 1950S...... 181 Sin-Kiong Wong

BOOK REVIEWS

BOB BEATTY, DEMOCRACY, ASIAN VALUES, AND HONG KONG: EVALUATING POLITICAL ELITE BELIEFS...... 205 Gary Rawnsley

LINDA BUTENHOFF, SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND POLITICAL REFORM IN HONG KONG...... 205 Gary Rawnsley

C.X. GEORGE WEI AND XIAOYUAN LIU, EDS, EXPLORING NATIONALISMS OF CHINA: THEMES AND CONFLICTS...... 208 Jerry McBeath JUDY CHU, JUNZI, A MAN OF VIRTUE: THE BIOGRAPHY OF YUAN-LI WU...... 211 Wen-hui Tsai

STEPHEN C. ANGLE AND MARINA SVENSSON, EDS., THE CHINESE HUMAN RIGHTS READER...... 213 Yu-long Ling

BRUCE J. DICKSON, RED CAPITALISTS IN CHINA...... 216 John N. Stevens

DING XIANG WARNER, A WILD DEER AMID SOARING PHOENIXES THE OPPOSITION POETICS OF WANG JR...... 222 Thilo Diefenbach

ZHIDONG HAO, INTELLECTUALS AT A CROSSROADS. THE CHANGING POLITICS OF CHINA’S KNOWLEDGE WORKERS...... 225 Thilo Diefenbach

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