The Age of Jefferson

Chapter The Age of Jefferson Name ______10 The Louisiana Purchase Date ______Core _____ Guided Reading Notes Section 2 Version 2.0

Setting the Scene Why were so many packages arriving at the White House on one day?  Lewis and Clark sent an assortment of goods from their exploration of the land west of the Mississippi River.

Why did Jefferson send Lewis and Clark to explore the territory of the Louisiana Purchase and beyond?  To explore the geography of the Louisiana territory  Find a route from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean  Learn which Native American nations live in the territory and try to establish trade with them.

What did he “confirm” by their journals and reports?  Jefferson believed that the new lands were a valuable addition to the nation

Control of the Mississippi Why was the Mississippi River important to Americans?

 Because there weren’t many roads west of the Appalachians, farmers relied on the Mississippi to ship their wheat and corn

How did President Washington try to make sure that American farmers could continue to use the Mississippi River?  He sent Thomas Pinckney to find a way to keep the New Orleans port open.  In the Pinckney Treaty, Spain agreed to let Americans ship their goods down the Mississippi and store them in New Orleans.

Thomas Pinckney

What changed that made the Pinckney Treaty basically worthless? Explain.

 Spain signed a treaty giving Louisiana back to France.

Why was Napoleon interested in having control of New Orleans and the Mississippi River?

 He wanted to grow food in Louisiana and ship it to French islands in the West Indies Why didn’t Napoleon’s plan work? What happened in Haiti?  African slaves in Haiti decided to fight for their liberty. Toussaint L’Overture led the revolt.  Napoleon sent troops to retake Haiti, but they never regained control of Haiti. In 1804, Haitians declared their independence.

Toussaint L’Ouverture The United States Buys Louisiana What did Jefferson do to try to eliminate the problem of France controlling the Mississippi River?  He tried to buy New Orleans. He wanted to make sure that American farmers would always be able to ship their goods through the port

Who did he send to make the purchase?  Robert Livingston and James Monroe

How much did Jefferson say they could spend on New Orleans? $10 million

A Surprise Offer How did Charles Maurice de Talleyrand respond to an offer to buy New Orleans at first?

He showed little interest at first.

OUI! OUI! I need zee money! Why did Tallyrand change his mind? Explain.  Since France lost Haiti, Napoleon could not have an empire in the Americas He also needed money to pay for his costly wars in Europe

What was the new offer regarding the purchase of land? Explain.  Talleyrand asked Livingston if the U.S. wanted to buy all of Louisiana and not justNapoleon New Orleans.

How much did Livingston and Monroe agree to pay for the whole Louisiana Territory?  $15 million

Was the Purchase Constitutional? Why was Jefferson concerned about the purchase of Louisiana? Explain.  He was not sure if the President had the power to purchase Louisiana.  He always insisted that the federal government only had those powers  spelled out in the Constitution  The Constitution did not say anything about a President having  the power to buy land

How was the purchase made Constitutionally? Explain.  Jefferson decided that the Constitution allowed the President to make treaties.

What was the effect (outcome) of the purchase on the size of the United States?  The size of the United States doubled.

Planning an Expedition What kind of an expedition was Jefferson planning? Why?  An expedition to explore the Louisiana Territory.  Jefferson wanted to map a route from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, to study the geography of the territory, and to learn about the Indian nations that lived in the territory.

What two people were going to be in charge of the expedition?  Meriwether Lewis

 William Clark The Lewis and Clark Expedition What was the name of the group that went on the expedition?  Corps of Discovery

Across the Plains What is a plain (in geography terms)?  Broad, grassy land

What was Lewis and Clark’s impression of The Great Plains?  They admired the land and couldn’t believe what they were seeing. They said the land stretched “as far as the eye can reach” and they saw many different herds of animals. Who did they meet in the plains that would help them continue their journey?  An Indian woman named Sacagawea

Why were they going to need help if they were going to go any farther west? Explain.  They worried about how they would cross the steep Rocky Mountains

Over the Rockies What other people did Lewis and Clark meet that helped them make it over the Rocky Mountains? (Explain who they were and how they helped.)  The Shoshone Indian tribe. They supplied the expedition with food and horses. They also advised Lewis and Clark about the best route for going over the Rockies.

What is the continental divide? How is it significant in geography? (What does it have to do with rivers?)  A mountain ridge that separates river systems flowing toward opposite sides of a continent.

To the Pacific When did Lewis and Clark finally reach the Pacific Ocean?  November 7, 1805

What did the group do after they got there? About how long did it take?  They returned back to St. Louis, which took about a year.

Pike Explores the West

Where did Zebulon Pike explore? Describe the areas.  The upper Mississippi River, the Arkansas River, and parts of present-day Colorado and New Mexico.  Pike viewed a mountain peak that rose above the Colorado plains. This is known today as Pikes Peak.

What happened to Pike and his men while exploring Spanish territory?  Spanish troops arrested Pike and his men and took them into Mexico. The Americans were later escorted through Texas back into the United States. The Spanish took Pike’s maps and journals. How was Pike able to get information about his journey back to America?  He hid one of his maps in the barrel of his gun.

What was the major outcome of Lewis and Clark’s and Zebulon Pike’s expeditions?  Settlers moved to the region closest to the Mississippi River. Soon the territory around New Orleans had a large enough population of American citizens for the settlers to apply for statehood.

What happened in 1812 as a result of this outcome? Explain.  The territory entered the Union as the state of Louisiana.