THE TREATY OF WAITANGI 1840 TIRITI O WAITANGI 1840 [English text of the Treaty] [Maori text of the Treaty]

Her Majesty Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom of Ko Wikitoria te Kuini o Ingarani i tana mahara atawai ki Great Britain and Ireland, regarding with Her Royal nga Rangatira me nga Hapu o Nu Tirani i tana hiahia Favour the Native Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand, hoki kia tohungia ki a ratou o ratou rangatiratanga me to and anxious to protect their just Rights and Property, and ratou wenua, a kia mau tonu hoki te Rongo ki a ratou me to secure to them the enjoyment of Peace and Good te Atanoho hoki kua wakaaro ia he mea tika kia tukua Order, has deemed it necessary, in consequence of the mai tetahi Rangatira--hei kai wakarite ki nga Tangata great number of Her Majesty's Subjects who have maori o Nu Tirani--kia wakaaetia e nga Rangatira maori already settled in New Zealand, and the rapid extension te Kawanatanga o te Kuini ki nga wahikatoa o te Wenua of Emigration both from Europe and Australia which is nei me nga Motu--na te mea hoki he tokomaha ke nga still in progress, to constitute and appoint a functionary tangata o tona Iwi Kua noho ki tenei wenua, a e haere properly authorized to treat with the Aborigines of New mai nei. Zealand for the recognition of Her Majesty's Sovereign authority over the whole or any part of those islands. Na ko te Kuini e hiahia ana kia wakaritea te Kawanatanga kia kaua ai nga kino e puta mai ki te Her Majesty, therefore, being desirous to establish a tangata Maori ki te Pakeha e noho ture kore ana. settled form of Civil Government with a view to avert the evil consequences which must result from the absence of Na, kua pai te Kuini kia tukua a hau a Wiremu Hopihona the necessary Laws and Institutions alike to the native he Kapitana i te Roiara Nawi hei Kawana mo nga wahi population and to Her subjects, has been graciously katoa o Nu Tirani e tukua aianei, amoa atu ki te Kuini, e pleased to empower and to authorize me, William mea atu ana ia ki nga Rangatira o te wakaminenga o nga Hobson, a Captain in Her Majesty's Royal Navy, Consul hapu o Nu Tirani me era Rangatira atu enei ture ka and Lieutenant Governor of such parts of New Zealand korerotia nei. as may be, or hereafter shall be, ceded to Her Majesty, to invite the confederated and independent Chiefs of New Zealand to concur in the following Articles and Conditions.

ARTICLE THE FIRST KO TE TUATAHI The Chiefs of the Confederation of the United Tribes of Ko nga Rangatira o te New Zealand, and the separate and independent Chiefs wakaminenga me nga Rangatira who have not become members of the Confederation, katoa hoki ki hai i uru ki taua cede to Her Majesty the Queen of England, absolutely wakaminenga ka tuku rawa atu ki and without reservation, all the rights and powers of te Kuini o Ingarani ake tonu atu--te Sovereignty which the said Confederation or Individual Kawanatanga katoa o ratou Chiefs respectively exercise or possess, or may be wenua. supposed to exercise or to possess, over their respective Territories as the sole Sovereigns thereof.

ARTICLE THE SECOND KO TE TUARUA Her Majesty the Queen of England confirms and Ko te Kuini o Ingarani ka wakarite ka wakaae ki nga guarantees to the Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand, Rangatira ki nga hapu--ki nga tangata katoa o Nu Tirani and to the respective families and individuals thereof, the te tino rangatiratanga o ratou wenua o ratou kainga me o full, exclusive and undisturbed possession of their Lands ratou taonga katoa. Otiia ko nga Rangatira o te and Estates, Forests, Fisheries, and other properties wakaminenga me nga Rangatira katoa atu ka tuku ki te which they may collectively or individually possess, so Kuini te hokonga o era wahi wenua e pai ai te tangata long as it is their wish and desire to retain the same in nona te Wenua--ki te ritenga o te utu e wakaritea ai e their possession; but the Chiefs of the United Tribes and ratou ko te kai hoko e meatia nei e te Kuini hei kai hoko the individual Chiefs yield to Her Majesty the exclusive mona. right of Preemption over such lands as the proprietors thereof may be disposed to alienate, at such prices as may be agreed upon between the respective Proprietors and persons appointed by Her Majesty to treat with them in that behalf.

ARTICLE THE THIRD KO TE TUATORU In consideration thereof, Her Majesty the Queen of Hei wakaritenga mai hoki tenei mo te wakaaetanga ki te England extends to the Natives of New Zealand Her Kawanatanga o te Kuini--Ka tiakina e te Kuini o Ingarani royal protection and imparts to them all the Rights and nga tangata maori katoa o Nu Tirani ka tukua ki a ratou Privileges of British Subjects. 2308 nga tikanga katoa rite tahi ki ana mea ki nga tangata o Ingarani. 1501 CULTURA INDÍGENA INDIAN CULTURE

Os índios do Brasil não formam um só povo. São The Indians from Brazil do not constitute one sole muitos povos diferentes de nós e entre si. Possuem people. They are very different people from us and hábitos, costumes e línguas próprias e, por isso, é among themselves. They have characteristic habits, errado pensar que todos os índios vivem da mesma customs and languages and thus it is wrong to think maneira. A that all Indians live in the same way. Quando os portugueses chegaram ao Brasil, aqui When the Portuguese arrived in Brazil there were here viviam cerca de 5 milhões de índios. As doenças nearly 5 million Indians. The diseases brought by trazidas pelos europeus e as constantes lutas entre Europeans and the constant fights between Indians índios e brancos fizeram com que muitos grupos and white men made many groups disappear. desaparecessem. There are now approximately 240 thousand Indians in Atualmente existem no Brasil aproximadamente 240 Brazil, distributed in around 180 different groups. mil índios, distribuídos em cerca de 180 grupos diferentes. They are found in the whole Brazilian territory, except in the Federal District and in the States of Piaui and Encontram-se em todo o território brasileiro, com Rio Grande do Norte. exceção apenas do Distrito Federal e dos Estados do Piauí e Rio Grande do Norte.¶ There are Indians groups that—due to their permanent contact with our society—have adopted many habits Existem grupos indígenas que, por estarem em B and customs of our culture, speak Portuguese, use contato permanente com a nossa sociedade, industrialized products, but even so they are still adotaram muitos hábitos e costumes da nossa Indians. There are also groups that keep only cultura, falam o português, usam produtos occasional contacts with white men and, finally, industrializados mas nem por isso deixam de ser groups that do not have any contact with the society índios. Existem ainda grupos que mantêm contatos and ignore our customs and language. apenas ocasionais com os brancos e, finalmente, grupos que não têm qualquer contato com a As an example of Indian culture, it is convenient to sociedade, desconhecendo nossos costumes e emphasize the Yanomami's which are one of the most língua. primitive Indian groups in South America.

Como exemplo de cultura indígena, convém ressaltar The Yanomami have got as traditional territory, a large a dos Yanomami, considerados um dos grupos C area of the rain forest in Brazil and Venezuela. They indígenas mais primitivos da América do Sul. have a population of around 25,000 Indians. In Brazil there are about 10,000 Yanomami situated in the Os Yanomami têm como território tradicional extensa States of Amazonas and Roraima. They speak the área da floresta tropical no Brasil e na Venezuela. Yanomami language and keep still alive their usages, Possuem uma população em torno de 25.000 índios. customs and traditions. They live in big communal No Brasil existem cerca de 10.000 Yanomami houses. The "maloca" {a large hut housing more than situados nos Estados do Amazonas e de Roraima. one Indian family) consists in a round dwelling, with a Falam a língua Yanomami e mantêm ainda vivos os conic top and an open square in the center. Several seus usos, costumes e tradições. families live under the common to all round roof, without wall to divide the occupied spaces. The Vivem em grandes casas comunais. A maloca number of dwellers varies between thirty and one consiste numa moradia redonda, com topo cônico, hundred persons. com uma praça aberta ao centro. Várias famílias vivem sob o teto circular comum, sem paredes Since the 70's—with the dividindo os espaços ocupados. O número de D construction of the "Perimetral moradores varia entre trinta e cem pessoas. Norte" road crossing their territory —the miner's operation and Desde a década de 70, com a construção da estrada nowadays the presence of Perimetral Norte cortando seu território, a operação thousands of prospectors have de mineradores e, hoje, a presença de milhares de been resulting in the destruction of garimpeiros têm resultado na destruição da floresta e the forest and bringing many trazido muitas doenças para os Yanomami, cuja diseases to the Yanomami whose população está sob séria ameaça de population is under serious threat desaparecimento. 1787 of extinction 1857 What are the most common letters in English and Portuguese?

Individual Results

Letter Tally Total A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Class Results

English Portuguese English Portuguese A N B O C P D Q E R F S G T H U I V J W K X L Y M Z

Conclusion What are the most common letters in English and Maori?

Individual Results

Letter Tally Total A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Class Results English Maori English Maori A N B O C P D Q E R F S G T H U I V J W K X L Y M Z

Conclusion