1. Magma that cools very quickly develops a a. Coarse-grained texture (large crystals) b. Fragmented texture (broken crystals) c. Bubbly texture d. Fine-grained texture (small crystals) 2. Rocks formed by cooling from a molten state are a. Precipitated rocks. b. Igneous rocks. c. Sedimentary rocks. d. Metamorphic rocks. 3. Rocks altered by heat and pressure beneath the Earth’s surface are a. Intrusive igneous rocks b. Extrusive sedimentary rocks c. Metamorphic rocks d. Igneous rocks 4. The Earth’s magnetic field is generated in a. Space b. The crust c. The mantle d. The core 5. The thickness of the Earth’s crust a. Varies from about 5 km under the continents to about 35 km under the oceans. b. On average is about 5 km c. On average is about 35 km. d. Varies from about 5 km under the oceans to about 35 km under the continents 6. The Earth’s magnetic record is recorded a. By certain sedimentary rocks b. In minerals that align themselves with the Earth’s magnetic field. c. By rocks at the north and south poles. 7. The ocean crust a. Becomes progressively younger away from the mid-ocean ridges b. Is the same worldwide. c. Becomes progressively older away from the mid-ocean ridges d. Ranges in age, the oldest ocean crust is in the Atlantic and the youngest ocean crust is in the Arctic. 8. Most of Earth’s seismic activity, volcanism and mountain building occur along a. Convergent boundaries b. Divergent boundaries c. Plate boundaries d. Transform fault boundaries 9. Convergent boundaries are areas of a. Regions of great mountain building b. Areas of plate subduction c. Regions of plate collision d. All of these 10. Divergent boundaries are areas of a. Crustal formation b. Crustal destruction c. Continuous, high magnitude earthquakes d. Intense compressional forces. 11. A fossil of evidence that an organism once existed in a certain spot is called a. Replaced remains b. Mold or cast c. Trace fossil d. Original remains 12. What rock type/s can contain fossils? a. sedimentary b. metamorphic c. igneous d. all of the above 13. What rock is made from magma? a. igneous b. sedimentary c. metamorphic d. all of the above 14. Which type of plate boundary doesn’t create or destroy the crust, but it can create earthquakes? a. divergent boundary b. convergent boundary c. transform fault boundary d. all of the above e. none of the above 15. What happens at a transform fault boundary? a. plates move towards each other b. mountain building c. earthquakes d. volcanoes e. plates slide past each other f. a and b g. c and e 16. What kind of deformation of the crust happens quickly? a. faults b. folding c. subduction 17. The diagrams below show the crystals of four different rocks viewed through the same hand lens. Which crystals most likely formed from molten material that cooled and solidified most rapidly?
18. The block diagram below shows the bedrock age as measured by
radioactive dating and the present location of part of the Hawaiian Island chain. These volcanic islands may have formed as the Pacific Plate moved over a mantle hot spot.
This diagram provides evidence that the Pacific Crustal Plate was moving toward the
a. south b. east c. southwest d. northwest 19. Base your answer to the question below on the geologic cross section below, which shows a view of rock layers at Earth’s surface. The dashed lines connect points of the same age. Major fossils contained within each rock layer are shown. The valleys are labeled X, Y, and Z.
In this region, valley X is more deeply eroded than either valley Y or valley Z. The most likely explanation for this occurrence is that the metamorphic rock near X has been
a. weakened by faulting b. folded by pressure c. intruded by melted rock d. covered by sedimentary rocks 20. In which Earth layer are most convection currents that cause seafloor spreading throught to be located? a. crust b. asthenosphere c. outer core d. outer core 21. Base your answer to this question on the diagram below, which shows a portion of Earth’s interior. Point A is a location on the interface between layers. The arrows shown in the asthenosphere represent the inferred slow circulation of the plastic mantle by a process called a. insolation b. convection c. conduction d. radiation e. llama force Base your answers to the next two questions on the cross section below, which represents part of Earth’s water cycle. Letters A, B, C, and D represent processes that occur during the cycle. The level of the water table and the extent of the zone of saturation are shown.
22. Which two letters represent processes in the water cycle that usually cause a lowering of the water table? a. A and B b. B and D c. A and C d. C and D 23. What are two water cycle processes not represented by arrows in this cross section? a. transpiration and condensation b. precipitation and freezing c. evaporation and melting d. runoff and infiltration 24. The absolute age of a rock is the approximate number of years ago that the rock formed. The absolute age of an igneous rock can best be determined by a. comparing the amounts of decayed and undecayed radioactive isotopes in the rock b. comparing the sizes of the crystals found in the upper and lower parts of the rock c. examining the rock’s relative position in a rock outcrop d. examining the environment in which the rock is found 25. Base your answer to this question on the geologic cross section below. Overturning has not occurred. The dike and sills shown in the cross section are igneous intrusions. Which rock type is the oldest?
26. The diagram below shows the bedrock structure beneath a series of hills. Which process was primarily responsible for forming the hills?
a. folding b. faulting c. deposition d. vulcanism 27. The models below represent the decay of radioactive atoms to stable atoms after their first and second half lives. Your answer will be a number for this question not a letter.
28. The folding of rock layers G through C was most likely caused by a. erosion of overlying sediments b. the collision of lithospheric plates c. contact metamorphism d. the extrusion of igneous rock 29. Which two letters represent bedrock of the same age? a. A and E b. F and G c. B and D d. D and H 30. The movement of tectonic plates is inferred by many scientists to be driven by a. tidal motions in the hydrosphere b. density differences in the troposphere c. convection currents in the asthenosphere d. solidification in the lithosphere 31. In which set are the rock drawings labeled with their correct rock types?
Base your answers to the next question on the cross section to the right, which shows an underwater mountain range in the Atlantic Ocean. The oceanic bedrock is composed mainly of basalt. Points X and Y are locations in the bedrock that have been diverging at the same rate. The movement of the North American Plate and Eurasian Plate is shown by the two arrows.
32. Which statements best describe the age and magnetic orientation of the basalts found at locations X and Y? a. The basalt at location X is younger than the basalt at location Y. Both locations have the same magnetic orientation. b. The basalts at locations X and Y are the same age. Both locations have the same magnetic orientation. c. The basalts at locations X and Y are the same age. Location X has normal magnetic orientation and location Y has reversed magnetic orientation. d. The basalt at location X is older than the basalt at location Y. Location X has reversed magnetic orientation and location Y has normal magnetic orientation. Use the following diagram to answer the next five questions.
33. Which rock layer is the oldest? 34. Which rock layer is the younger H or Y? 35. What is Y called? 36. What is X called? 37. What is H called? Base your answers to the next three questions on the picture below:
38. Identify the feature indicated by the letter A. 39. Identify the plate boundary that is causing an increase in distance between South America and Africa. 40. What does the Law of Superposition tell us? 41. Draw a diagram of the Rock Cycle that includes at least the following: sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous, sediments, melting, solidification, erosion, heat and pressure.