ISC Economics Class 11 Syllabus

ISC Economics Class 11 Syllabus Part 1 (20 marks) consists of compulsory short answer questions testing knowledge, application and skills relating to elementary / fundamental aspects of the entire syllabus. Part II (60 marks) consists of eight questions out of which you are required to answer five questions, each carrying 12 marks. 1. Understanding Economics (i) Definition of Economics: Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall, Lionel Robbins, Samuelson. (ii) Micro and Macro Economics - Meaning and Difference. Basic concepts: utility, price, value, wealth, welfare, money, market, capital, investment, income, production, consumption, saving, Business cycle, Aggregate demand and Aggregate supply. (iii) Basic problems of an economy: what to produce; how to produce; for whom to produce; efficient use of resources. (iv) Types of economies: developed and developing; Economic systems: capitalism, socialism and mixed economy; mechanism used to solve the basic problems faced by each economy. 2. Indian Economic Development (i) Introduction. (ii) Parameters of Development. (iii) Planning and economic development in India. (iv) Structural Changes in the Indian Economy after liberalization. (v) Current challenges facing Indian Economy. (vi) Economic growth and development. (vii) Sustainable Development. 3. Statistics (i) Statistics: definition, scope and limitations of statistics. (ii) Collection, organization and presentation of data. (iii) Measures of Central Value: average defined; type of averages: arithmetic mean; simple and weighted; median and mode; ungrouped and grouped data; numericals, relationship between mean, median and mode. (iv) Measures of dispersion: definition, methods of studying variation - range; standard deviation; quartile deviation; the mean or average deviation; coefficient of variation. (v) Correlation: introduction, scatter diagram; Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation; Spearman’s coefficient of correlation. (vi) Index numbers: simple and weighted - meaning, types and purpose. Problems involved in constructing a Price Index Number. (vii) Some Mathematical Tools used in Economics ISC Geography Class 11 Syllabus There is one Theory paper of three hours duration divided into two parts. Part I (30 marks) is compulsory and consists of Section A and Section B. Section A includes compulsory short answer questions testing knowledge, application and skills related to elementary/fundamental aspects of the entire syllabus. Section B consists of one question on map work. Part II (40 marks) consists of seven questions. You are required to answer four out of seven questions. Each question in this part carries 10 marks. 1. Geography - its interdisciplinary approach and future prospects Geography as an integrating discipline. Physical Geography and Natural Sciences; Geography and Social Sciences. Branches of Geography: (i) Systematic approach: Physical Geography (Geomorphology, Climatology, Hydrology); Human Geography (Historical, Social, Population and Settlement, Economic, Political). (ii) Regional approach: Regional/ Area Studies, Regional Planning, Regional Development. 2. Earth’s Interior (i) Composition and structure. Methods of measuring age of the earth: Tidal force, Sedimentation, Rate of Erosion, Salinity of the Ocean, Radioactivity – a brief understanding. Structure and composition of the earth’s interior: crust, mantle, core; their properties - temperature, pressure, thickness. (ii) Rocks. Definition of rocks and minerals. The mineral groups responsible for different rocks formed on the earth: Silicates, carbonates, sulphides, metals. Classification of rocks by origin: igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks – their distribution in India; characteristics, types, economic importance. The rock cycle. 3. Changing Face of the Earth Land forms and Processes of Gradation (i) Formation of the Earth. Theories of formation of the earth: steady state, Big Bang and the developments today. (ii) Endogenous processes: theory of plate tectonics and the process of drifting continents, theory of Isostasy by Pratt and A. Holmes. Definition of endogenetic force, difference between slow and sudden forces, vertical and horizontal forces and their effects. Sea floor spreading, continental drifting and isostacy. (iii) Landforms - mountains, plateaus and plains and their types. Meaning and differentiation between the three main land forms of the earth. Classification of mountains on the basis of their origin or mode of formation: fold, block, volcanic and residual with examples from the world. Classification of plateaus on the basis of their situation: intermontane, piedmont and continental with examples from the world. Classification of Plains on the basis of formation: structural, erosional and depositional with examples from the world. (Candidates should be able to recognise, interpret and create models of the Earth’s common physical features in mapping representation including contour maps.) (iv) Vulcanicity - materials and processes. Major volcanic forms. Explanation of how volcanoes are formed; identification of the type of volcano; recognition of the properties of volcanic materials; explanation of why volcanoes are more in the areas of converging plates. (v) Earthquakes. Origin of earthquakes, waves and their behaviour, hypocentre (focus), epicentre; their causes and distribution; effects; isoseismal and homoseismal lines, sea quakes, tsunamis; measuring earthquakes and their intensity. Studying the effects of earthquakes on a country like Japan. (vi) Exogenetic process and associated landforms. Weathering and gradation – difference between the two. Role of weathering in gradation. Different types of weathering. (vii) Soil. The factors affecting soil formation; soil profile; physical and chemical properties, distribution and characteristics of soils in the world - zonal, azonal and intrazonal – only broad characteristics related to Indian soils to be done (detailed distribution not required). Alluvial, red, yellow, black and laterite soils in India and the problems related to their management. (viii) Fluvial processes and associated landforms. Work of rivers - concept of baselevel; processes of erosion, transportation and deposition. Types of erosion - headward, vertical, lateral; transportation mode and deposition. Landforms made by the river - gorges, rapids, waterfalls, alluvial fans, levees, floodplains, meanders, braided channels, oxbow lakes, deltas - delta plains. Development of river valleys, drainage patterns. Diagrams and examples from India with photographs. (ix) Aeolian processes and associated landforms. Process of wind erosion – abrasion, attrition, deflation. Ideal conditions for erosion in hot deserts; landforms resulting from erosion - deflation hollows, pedestal rocks, yardangs, desert pavement; landforms resulting from deposition - sand dunes and their types, loess. Diagrams and examples from India and Asia. (x) Glacial processes and associated landforms. Continental and mountain or valley glaciers, processes of glacial erosion – plucking, abrasion, attrition; erosional features, e.g. cirque and its components, U shaped and hanging valleys, roche moutonnes, depositional formations, moraines of various types. Some Indian glaciers - Siachen, Gangotri, Baltoro. Diagrams and examples from India. (xi) Work of ground water and associated landforms. Water Conservation. Definition of ground water, water table, aquifers, springs. Process of erosion by groundwater solution, corrasion. Features formed by underground water (karst topography) – sink holes, dolines, caves, caverns, karst lakes, depositional features - stalactites, stalagmites, cave pillars, dripstones: their formation. Diagrams and examples from India and Australia. Emerging water problems and conservation of water resources. (xii) Marine processes and associated landforms. Erosional process of sea waves – abrasion, attrition, solution and hydraulic action; coastline and shoreline, erosional features; sea cliffs, sea caves, stacks and depositional landforms, e.g. - bays, bars and lagoons; Coral reefs: types – fringing, barrier and atolls; submerged and emergent coastlines. Diagrams and examples from India, Australia and West Europe (wherever relevant). Note: For topics (viii) to (xii) only diagram or photograph based questions will be asked. Photograph based information should be made use of to emphasize the different processes of gradation. 4. Atmosphere (i) Composition and structure of atmosphere. Layers of the atmosphere: troposphere, stratosphere, ozonosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere; their height; composition; special characteristics of each layer; ozone depletion. (ii) Atmospheric temperature. Heating and cooling of the atmosphere, radiation, conduction, convection. Insolation and factors influencing it – angle of sun’s rays, duration of day, transparency of atmosphere. Heat budget, i.e. balance between insolation and terrestrial radiation- areas of surplus and deficit heat in different latitudes resulting in latitudinal heat balance. Factors controlling its horizontal and vertical distribution, temperature anomalies and their nature. Isotherms: their characteristics; isotherm maps of the world in July and January. Reasons for the variations in temperature. (iii) Atmospheric Pressure. Its horizontal and vertical distribution, factors affecting the distribution, characteristics of isobars on world maps for July and January. Patterns and the causes for the distribution of isobars. Pressure belts and winds – types of winds, air masses and atmospheric disturbances, cyclones of temperate and tropical areas; anticyclones – their types and associated weather. World map showing major paths of cyclones. Jet Streams – concepts to be introduced with reference to India. (iv) Atmospheric Moisture. Processes of evaporation, condensation and precipitation; relative and absolute humidity; forms of condensation - cloud, fog, dew, frost; precipitation – its forms: snow, hail, rain; types of rainfall: orographic, cyclonic, convectional. Monsoons – origin and factors that affect. Examples from different parts of the world. 5. The Realms of Water (i) Submarine relief and deposits of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. The depth and the features. The sea floor deposits and their characteristics, the importance of marine resources. Ocean pollution and ways to overcome them. (ii) Ocean water - salinity, temperature, density. Composition of seawater and factors that control distribution of salinity and temperature. (iii) Ocean water movements. Direct and indirect tides - origin, time, spring and neap tides. Waves – parts, characteristics, formation. Currents - factors affecting currents, currents of Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Role of currents in modifying climates of coastal areas. Introduction to El Nino and El Nina as conditions that affect the intensity of the monsoons over India. 6. Biosphere - Life on the Earth (i) Nature of Biosphere, concept of ecosystems, components of ecosystem. Meaning, nature of interaction between the different components of the biosphere. Understanding the concept of biodiversity. To appreciate various reasons for valuing and conserving biodiversity (ethical, moral, economic, aesthetic). (ii) Biodiversity for sustenance of mankind. The various roles played by biodiversity in sustaining mankind - as a source of food, medicine, pollution control, etc. (iii) India as a mega diversity nation. A basic understanding that India with its varied climate and landscape is home to a variety of unique ecosystems and endemic species e.g. the largest mangrove forest in the world - the Sundarbans, vast mountain forests in the Himalayas, tropical evergreen forests in the Western ghats and the North East region, desert vegetation in Rajasthan, thorn and scrub forests in the plateaus, etc. (iv) Loss of biodiversity - threatened, endangered and extinct species. Understanding the implications of loss of biodiversity. Categorizing species in different groups like - threatened, endangered and extinct. Examples of plants and animals. (v) Strategies for conservation of biodiversity – in-situ and ex-situ. Looking at various in-situ and ex-situ strategies for their efficacy and viability: In-situ strategies - protected areas (biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries). Ex-situ strategies - captive breeding, zoo, botanical garden, gene banks and their use. 7. A. World Climatic types Low latitude / tropical climates (i) Equatorial (ii) Monsoon and tradewind littoral (iii) Wet - dry tropical (iv) Dry tropical (desert). Mid latitude/temperate climates - (i) Mediterranean (ii) Marine west coast (iii) Dry sub-tropical (iv) Moist subtropical (v) Moist continental (vi) Dry mid latitude (cold deserts). High latitude/polar climates - (i) Boreal (ii) Tundra (iii) Ice sheet. Highland climates. For each of the above climatic types, the following is to be studied:  Location, climatic conditions and areas;  Description of major human activities (both farming and forestry.) B. Climate Change – causes/factors of climatic changes in the recent past. Natural and man-made factors, with special reference to climatic changes in India. Measures taken to adapt to these changes in urban and rural India. 8. Natural hazards, their causes and management (i) Hazards of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. Major volcanic areas and their problems; major earthquake prone areas - effects on land and human life. Seismic zones of India and measures to reduce the fury of earthquakes. (ii) Identification of major drought prone areas. Characteristics of drought prone areas. Causes, problems and remedial measures (like rain water harvesting) adopted with special reference to India. (iii) Areas prone to floods / landslides - India. Landslides - causes, effects and measures adopted to check (Himalayan region). The causes of flooding and checking floods (like construction of dams and afforestation) – with special reference to India. 8. Map Work A question on map work will be set to identify, label and locate any of the following items studied in topics from Principles of Physical Geography and cities from Climatic Regions only. Mountains: Himalayas, Hindukush, Elburz, Zagros, Kirthar, Caucasus, Alps, Pyrenees, Carpathians, Urals, Khingan, Kunlun, Altai, Drakensburg, Kjolen, Andes, Rockies, Appalachian, Great Australian Alps, Verkhoyansk, Great Dividing Range, Southern Alps. Plateaus: Tibetan, West Australian, Iranian, Anatolian, Pamirs, Ethiopian, Bolivian, Deccan, Guiana, Colorado, Brazilian, Labrador, Arabian. Water Bodies (bays, gulfs, straits, sea, oceans): Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Southern Ocean, Beaufort Sea, Hudson bay, Gulf of California, Gulf of Mexico, Panama Canal, Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, East China Sea, South China Sea, Yellow Sea, Timor Sea, Tasman Sea, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Caspian Sea, Arabian sea, North Sea, Baltic Sea, Suez Canal, Strait of Magellan, Bay of Biscay, Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea, Lakshwadweep Sea. Rivers: Mississippi, Missouri, Mackenzie, Amazon, Orinoco, St. Francisco, Parana, Orange, Nile, Zaire, Niger, Zambezi, Rhine, Rhone, Seine, Danube, Volga, Euphrates, Tigris, Dnieper, Thames, Ob, Yenisei, Lena, Amur, Hwang Ho, Yangtze Kiang, Sikiang, Mekong, Irrawaddy, Salween, Indus, Ganga, Godavari, Murray, Darling. Ocean Currents: North Pacific current, Alaska current, North Atlantic Drift, Gulf Stream, Labrador current, North Equatorial current, South Equatorial current, Equatorial Counter current, Peru current, South Pacific current, South Atlantic, Current, West wind drift, South Indian current, Benguela Current, Brazilian current, Southwest Monsoon current, Indian counter current, Mozambique current, West Australian current, KuroShio current, Oyashio current, East Australian current, Guinea current, Falkland current. Islands: Greenland, Hawaii, Aleutian, West Indies, Tierra del Fuego, Galapagos, Baffin, Newfoundland, Iceland, British Isles, Canaries, Corsica, Sardinia, Crete, Cyprus, Sicily, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania. Climatic Regions: Equatorial, Monsoon, trade wind littoral, Wet - dry tropical, Dry tropical (desert), Mediterranean, Marine west coast, Dry sub-tropical, Moist subtropical, Moist continental, Dry midlatitude (cold deserts), Boreal, Tundra, Ice sheet, Highland climates. ISC History Class 11 Syllabus Part I (20 marks) consists of compulsory short answer questions testing fundamental factual knowledge and understanding of the entire syllabus. Part II (60 marks) is divided into two sections, Section A and Section B, each consisting of five questions. Each question carries 12 marks. You are required to attempt two questions from each Section and one question from either Section A or Section B. A total of five questions has to be attempted from Part II. SECTION A: INDIAN HISTORY 1. Growth of Nationalism (i) Swadeshi Movement Partition of Bengal and anti-Partition Movement, leading to the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement. (ii) Revolutionary Nationalism The growth of revolutionary activities should explain what led to the development and concentrate on some well-known organizations: Abhinav Bharat, Yugantar, Anushilan Samiti. 2. Emergence of the colonial economy. (i) Development of the means of transport and communication. Transportation: a brief look at the development of the railways - other means can simply be mentioned. (ii) Disruption of traditional economy: British revenue policy: impact on peasants and artisans; poverty and famines. A general account of the impact of the British rule on peasants and artisans. Revenue policy: the Permanent Settlement and Ryotwari Settlement should be done in some detail. (iii) Development of modern industries. An account of the growth of large scale machine based industries in western India. (iv) Colonial Forest Policy - impact on local communities. The Forest Acts of 1865 and 1894 to be studied critically. 3. Social and Religious Movements (i) Impact of the modern ideas in Europe on Indian administrators. The characteristics of modern thought (liberalism, utilitarianism) to be very briefly explained as a background to British policy. (ii) Reform Movements - Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, Aligarh Movement. A critical look at each of the above movements. (iii) Struggle against caste – Jyotiba Phule, Narayan Guru, Veerasalingam. A brief outline of their contributions. (iv) The Women’s Question The following Acts to be studied: Abolition of Sati 1829, Widow Remarriage 1856, Female Infanticide Prevention Act, 1870, Age of Consent, 1891. These have to be read critically to evaluate their impact on women. 4. Protest Movements against Colonial Rule. A brief account of the Indigo Uprising (1859), Deccan riots (1875), Munda Uprising (1899- 1900) and the response of the colonial authority. 5. Gandhian Nationalism (i) The launching of the passive resistance movement by Gandhi; background and main features of the movement. A general background of the development of Gandhian ideas of non-violence and satyagraha in South Africa. Brief summaries of the three localised satyagrahas: Champaran, Ahmedabad, and Kheda district. (ii) Agitation against the Rowlatt Act, Jalianwala Bagh (1919), Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement (1919-1922). The reasons behind the Rowlatt Act and its main terms to be studied in brief. A general account of the satyagraha against the Act, leading to Jalianwala Bagh and the aftermath. The launching of the Khilafat and the Non-Cooperation Movements; why Gandhi decided to support Khilafat. There should be a connected chronological account of the movement and its suspension after Chauri Chaura. (iii) Simon Commission: its boycott and the demand for Dominion Status by 1929; Lahore session and declaration of 'Poorna Swaraj' as the Congress objective. The reasons for sending the Commission in 1927 as well as its boycott should be briefly explained. A general account of the agitation against the Commission as well as a very brief account of the Nehru Report. The Lahore Session should be set against the expiry of the deadline by the Congress; the main points of the Poorna Swaraj Resolution. (iv) Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934). A general account of the development of the Movement and different strands within the Movement; main features of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact. The 1st and 2nd Round Table Conferences can be put very briefly in context. The resumption of the Movement, the Poona Pact (in the context of the Communal Award) should be touched upon. SECTION B: WORLD HISTORY 6. Impact of industrialization in Europe during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Demographic change, urbanisation, growth of classes. (i) Workers’ Movements Trade Union and Socialist Movements in Germany. (ii) Suffragette Movement Focus on Britain and WPSU: an account of demand for women’s right to vote until the election of 1919. 7. World War I: Events leading to it; major changes in warfare and strategy; peace settlements. An outline of the main events from 1908 to 1914: the Moroccan crisis, the annexation of Bosnia- Herzegovina. The main interests of the big powers in the Balkans should be briefly touched upon, particularly Russia and Austria-Hungary, as well as the growth of Balkan nationalism and the two Balkan Wars; the assassination at Sarajevo and how it developed into a major European War. Introduction of new technologies and strategies: trench warfare, use of gas, tanks, air warfare and submarines with one example for each. Reasons for US’s entry into the War and a brief account of its contribution. A brief explanation of the various causes for the defeat of the Central Powers. League of Nations - membership, failure of collective security (Manchuria & Abyssinia). Changes in the map of Europe after the Paris Peace Settlements. 8. The Great Depression Causes: A short account of the Wall Street Crash and its impact on the economy. Impact on Germany, Britain, France, USA & Japan. 9. Rise of Dictatorships (i) Communism: Russia (1917-1939) The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 - a brief account of events in 1917: March Revolution and its results; explanation of why the Provisional Government fell from power leading up to the November Revolution. Lenin: a background of consolidation of the Bolshevik state. Stalin: Stalin vs. Trotsky; Single party state under Stalin: the collectivisation of agriculture, the FYPs (only first two should be done) and the purges. (ii) Fascism: Italy (1922-39) (a) Post-War discontent and the rise to power of Benito Mussolini. Conditions which gave rise to Fascism; a brief chronological account of the events which brought Mussolini to power from the election of 1921 to the march on Rome in October 1922. (b) Main features of Mussolini's domestic policy. Critical appraisal of Mussolini’s policies (particularly his economic policy). (iii) Nazism: Germany (1933-39) (a) Rise of Hitler to power and factors assisting his rise. Weaknesses of the Weimar Republic as a background to the rise of Nazism; events from 1932 onwards leading to Hitler becoming Chancellor of Germany in 1933; the reasons for his popularity among different groups should be explained. (b) The Nazi State: from 1933 onwards. Outline of the changes made by Hitler in government, the cultural life and education, army (the Night of the Long Knives), the economy and religious life. Escalation of the campaign against the Jews should be done in some detail, till the "Final Solution". Reasons why his policies were accepted among different groups. (iv) Japan (1919-41) Reasons for militarism in the 1930s; expansion into China. Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbour. The political, economic and ideological reasons for the rise of militarism and expansion into China should be explained (emphasis should be laid on the reasons for the attack on Manchuria and a brief account of it). The subsequent developments should be studied chronologically, emphasizing the declaration of a "New Order in East Asia" and the 1937 invasion of China. Reasons for the alliances with Italy and Germany should be briefly explained, leading to the attack on Pearl Harbour.

ISC Mathematics Class 11 Syllabus The syllabus is divided into three sections A, B and C. Section A is compulsory. You have a choice of attempting questions from either Section B or Section C. There is one paper of three hours duration of 100 marks. Section A (80 marks) consists of nine questions. You are required to answer Question 1 (compulsory) and five out of the rest of the eight questions. In Section B / C (20 marks), you are required to answer two questions out of three from either Section B or Section C. SECTION A 1. Mathematical Reasoning Mathematically acceptable statements. Connecting words / phrases – consolidating the understanding of “if and only if (necessary and sufficient) condition”, “implies”, “and/or”, “implied by”, “and”, “or”, “there exists” and their use through variety of examples related to real life and Mathematics. Validating the statements involving the connecting words, differences between contradiction, converse and contrapositive. 2. Algebra (i) Complex Numbers (ii) Quadratic Equations (iii) Finite and Infinite Sequences (a) Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) (b) Geometric Progression (G.P.) (c) Harmonic Progression (d) Arithmetico Geometric Series (e) Special sums (iv) Permutations Combinations (v) Mathematical induction Using induction to prove various summations and divisibility. (vi) Binomial Theorem (a) Significance of Pascal’s triangle. (b) Binomial theorem (proof using induction) for positive integral powers (c) Binomial theorem for negative or fractional indices. (vii) Properties of Binomial Coefficients. 3. Trigonometry (i) Angles and Arc lengths (ii) Trigonometric Functions (iii) Compound and multiple angles (iv) Trigonometric Equations 4. Calculus (i) Basic Concepts of Relations and Functions (a) Ordered pairs, sets of ordered pairs. (b) Cartesian Product (Cross) of two sets, cardinal number of a cross product. (c) Types of Relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relation. (d) Binary Operation. (e) Domain, Range and Co-domain of a Relation. (f) Functions (ii) Differential calculus (a) Limits (b) Continuity (c) Differentiation (d) Application of derivatives (iii) Integral Calculus 5. Coordinate Geometry (i) Basic concepts of Points and their coordinates. (ii) The straight line (iii) Circles 6. Statistics  Measures of central tendency.  Standard deviation - by direct method, short cut method and step deviation method.  Combined mean and standard deviation. SECTION B 7. Vectors 8. Co-ordinate Geometry in 3-Dimensions SECTION C 9. Statistics  Median - direct and by using the formula.  Quartiles - direct and by using the formula.  Deciles - direct and by using the formula.  Percentiles - direct and by using the formula.  Mode - graphically, direct method and by using the formula.  Estimation of median/quartiles from Ogives. NOTE: The following are also required to be covered:  The Median, Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles of grouped and ungrouped data;  Mode - grouped and ungrouped data; estimation of mode by using graphical method. (Bimodal data not included). 10. Average Due Date  Zero date.  Equated periods.

ISC Physics Class 11 Syllabus Part I (20 marks): This part consists of compulsory short answer questions, testing knowledge, application and skills relating to elementary/fundamental aspects of the entire syllabus. Part II (50 marks): This part is divided into three Sections A, B and C. There are six questions in Section A (each carrying 7 marks) and you are required to answer four questions from this Section. There are three questions in Section B (each carrying 6 marks) and you are required to answer two questions from this Section. There are three questions in Section C (each carrying 5 marks) and you are required to answer two questions from this Section. Therefore, you are expected to answer eight questions in Part II. SECTION A 1. Role of Physics (i) Scope of Physics. (ii) Role of Physics in technology. (iii) Impact on society. 2. Units (i) SI units. Fundamental and derived units (correct symbols for units including conventions for symbols). (ii) Accuracy and errors in measurement, least count of measuring instruments (and the implications for errors in experimental measurements and calculations). (iii) Significant figures and order of accuracy with reference to measuring instruments. Powers of 10 and order of magnitude. 3. Dimensions (i) Dimensional formula of physical quantities and physical constants like g, h, etc. (from Mechanics only). (ii) Dimensional equation and its use to check correctness of a formula, to find the relation between physical quantities, to find the dimension of a physical quantity or constant; limitations of dimensional analysis. 4. Vectors, Scalar Quantities and Elementary Calculus (i) General Vectors and notation, position and displacement vector. (ii) Vectors in one dimension, two dimensions and three dimensions, equality of vectors and null vector. Vector operations (addition, subtraction and multiplication of vectors including use of unit vectors iˆ, jˆ, kˆ); parallelogram and triangle law of vector addition. (iii) Resolution and components of like vectors in a plane (including rectangular components), scalar (dot) and vector (cross) products. (iv) Elementary Calculus: differentiation and integration as required for physics topics in Classes XI and XII. No direct question will be asked from this subunit in the examination. 5. Dynamics (i) Cases of uniform velocity, equations of uniformly accelerated motion and applications including motion under gravity (close to surface of the earth) and motion along a smooth inclined plane. (ii) Relative velocity. (iii) Projectile motion. (iv) Newton's laws of motion and simple applications. Elementary ideas on inertial and uniformly accelerated frames of reference. Conservative and non-conservative forces. Conservation of linear momentum, impulse. (v) Concurrent forces (reference should be made to force diagrams and to the point of application of forces), work done by constant and variable force (Spring force). (vi) Energy, conservation of energy, power, elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions. 6. Friction (i) Friction in solids: static; sliding; rolling. (ii) Laws of friction. Co-efficient of friction. Methods to minimise friction. 7. Circular and Rotational Motion (i) Uniform Circular Motion, Centripetal acceleration and force, motion on a level and a banked track (smooth as well as rough), a point mass at the end of a light inextensible string moving in a (i) horizontal circle, (ii) vertical circle and a conical pendulum. (ii) Centre of mass, moment of inertia: rectangular rod; disc; ring; sphere. (iii) Parallel axis theorem and perpendicular axis theorem; radius of gyration. (iv) Torque and angular momentum, relation between torque and moment of inertia and between angular momentum and moment of inertia; conservation of angular momentum and applications. Comparisons of linear and rotational motions. 8. Gravitation (i) Newton's law of universal gravitation; gravitational constant (G); gravitational acceleration on surface of the earth (g). (ii) Relation between G and g; variation of gravitational acceleration above and below the surface of the earth. (iii) Gravitational field, its range, potential, potential energy and intensity. (iv) Escape velocity (with special reference to the earth and the moon); orbital velocity and period of a satellite in circular orbit (particularly around the earth). (v) Geostationary satellites - uses of communication satellites. (vi) Kepler's laws of planetary motion. 9. Fluids (i) Pressure in a fluid, Pascal’s Law and its applications, buoyancy (Archimedes Principle). (ii) Equation of continuity of fluid flow and its application, buoyancy, Bernoulli's principle, (venturimeter, pitot tube, atomizer, dynamic uplift). (iii) Stream line and turbulent flow, Reynold's number (derivation not required). (iv) Viscous drag; Newton's formula for viscosity, co-efficient of viscosity and its units. (v) Stoke's law, terminal velocity of a sphere falling through a fluid or a hollow rigid sphere rising to the surface of a fluid. SECTION B 10. Properties of Matter - Temperature (i) Properties of matter: Solids: elasticity in solids, Hooke’s law, Young modulus and its determination, bulk modulus and modulus of rigidity, work done in stretching a wire, Poisson’s ratio. Liquids: surface tension (molecular theory), drops and bubbles, angle of contact, work done in stretching a surface and surface energy, capillary rise, measurement of surface tension by capillary rise method. (ii) Gases: kinetic theory of gases: postulates, molecular speeds and derivation of p= ⅓ ρc2, equation of state of an ideal gas pV = nRT (numerical problems not included from gas laws). (iii) Temperature: kinetic interpretation of temperature (relation between c2 and T); absolute temperature. Law of equipartition of energy (statement only). (iv) Thermal equilibrium and zeroth law of thermodynamics. 11. Internal Energy (i) First law of thermodynamics. (ii) Isothermal and adiabatic changes in a perfect gas described in terms of curves for PV = constant and PVγ = constant; joule and calorie relation (derivation of PVγ = constant not required). (iii) Work done in isothermal and adiabatic expansion; principal molar heat capacities; Cp and Cv; relation between Cp and Cv (Cp - Cv = R). Cp and Cv for monatomic and diatomic gasses. (iv) Second law of thermodynamics, Carnot's cycle. Some practical applications. (v) Thermal conductivity; co-efficient of thermal conductivity, Use of good and poor conductors, Searle’s experiment. [Lee’s Disc method is not required]. comparison of thermal and electrical conductivity. Convection with examples. (vi) Thermal radiation: nature and properties of thermal radiation, qualitative effects of nature of surface on energy absorbed or emitted by it; black body and black body radiation, Stefan's law (using Stefan's law to determine the surface temperature of the sun or a star by treating it as a black body); Newton's law of cooling, Wien's displacement law, distribution of energy in the spectrum of black body radiation (only qualitative and graphical treatment). SECTION C 12. Oscillations (i) Simple harmonic motion. (ii) Expressions for displacement, velocity and acceleration. (iii) Characteristics of simple harmonic motion. (iv) Relation between linear simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion. (v) Kinetic and potential energy at a point in simple harmonic motion. (vi) Derivation of time period of simple harmonic motion of a simple pendulum, mass on a spring (horizontal and vertical oscillations). (vii) Free, forced and damped oscillations (qualitative treatment only). Resonance. 13. Waves (i) Transverse and longitudinal waves; relation between speed, wavelength and frequency; expression for displacement in wave motion; characteristics of a harmonic wave; graphical representation of a harmonic wave; amplitude and intensity. (ii) Sound as a wave motion, Newton's formula for the speed of sound and Laplace's correction; variation in the speed of sound with changes in pressure, temperature and humidity; speed of sound in liquids and solids (descriptive treatment only). (iii) Superposition of waves (interference, beats and standing waves), progressive and stationary waves. (iv) Laws of vibrations of stretched strings. (v) Modes of vibration of strings and air columns; resonance. (vi) Doppler Effect for sound. ISC Political Science Class 11 Syllabus Part I (20 marks) consists of compulsory short answer questions, testing knowledge, application and skills relating to elementary/ fundamental aspects of the entire syllabus. Part II (60 marks) is divided into two sections A & B. You are required to answer three questions out of five from Section A and two questions out of three from Section B. Each question in this part carries 12 marks. SECTION A: Political Theory 1. Introduction to Political Science (i) Meaning of Political Science; Scope of contemporary Political Science: Political Theory, Comparative Politics, International Relations, Public Administration and Political Economy. Nature of Political Science. Meaning of Political Science; Scope of contemporary Political Science with reference to Political Theory, Comparative Politics, International Relations, Public Administration and Political Economy. Nature of Political Science - Is Political Science a Science? (ii) Fundamental Concepts State and its elements; Difference between State and Society, State and Association, State and Government, State and Nation; Nationality. Definition of State and elements of the State: (a) Population (b) Territory (c) Government (d) Sovereignty. Definition of Society; Association; Nation and nationality. Differences between – State and Society; State and Association; State and Government; State and Nation. 2. The Origin of the State Divine Origin Theory; the Social Contract Theory (Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau); the Evolutionary Theory. Various theories of the origin of State: Divine Theory: brief history of this theory, divine rights of the kings - examples from modern monarchical states like England and Bhutan. Critical evaluation of the theory. The Social Contract theory: Views of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau; Critical evaluation of the theory. Evolutionary Theory: factors for the growth of this theory such as kinship, religion, economic factors, wars and conflicts and the need for political power. 3. Political Ideologies Liberalism, Socialism; Communism and Fascism.' Liberalism, Socialism; Communism and Fascism: Meaning, features with reference to the purpose of the State. Critical evaluation of each ideology. 4. Sovereignty Meaning, kinds and characteristics. A historical analysis and contemporary issues. Meaning, definition and characteristics. Kinds: Titular and Real, Legal and Political; de-jure and de-facto Sovereign, Popular Sovereignty. Is Sovereignty absolute and indivisible? Brief study of Austin’s Theory and Pluralistic view of Sovereignty with reference to Laski and MacIver. Sovereignty in a globalised World: the role of non-state actors. 5. Law Meaning; Sources and Kinds of Law. Meaning, definition of law. Sources - Customs, Usages, Religion, Judicial Decisions, Scientific Commentaries, Equity, Legislation. Kinds of law – definition and examples of Municipal, National, Constitutional and International Law, Statute Law, Ordinances. 6. Liberty Meaning; Dimensions and kinds of Liberty; Relationship between Liberty and Law; safeguards of liberty. Definition and meaning of Liberty; Dimensions - negative and positive; kinds of Liberty - Civil, Political and Economic Liberty. Relationship between Liberty and Law: Does Law help or hinder Liberty? Safeguards of Liberty - fundamental rights. Separation of judiciary from executive, well-knit party system, economic justice for all, free press and media, vigilance by the people. 7. Equality Meaning and kinds of Equality; Relationship between Equality and Liberty. Meaning and kinds of Equality - legal, social, political and economic; relationship between Equality and Liberty: How do they complement each other? 8. Justice Meaning, Kinds and Contemporary theories. Meaning of Justice; kinds: Legal, Social, Economic and Political. Theories of Justice – John Rawls and Amartya Sen. SECTION B: Contemporary International Relations 9. End of Cold War and its impact on the World Order Disintegration of the Soviet Union and its impact on the World Order. A brief overview of the Cold War (for reference only). Impact of disintegration of the Soviet Union on the World Order - end of Cold War confrontation, change of power equations in world politics, emergence of new countries. 10. Unipolar World U.S. unilateralism: case studies of U.S. intervention in Iraq and Afghanistan. Meaning of unilateralism. Case studies of the following: Iraq - Operation Desert Storm, Operation Iraqi Freedom; Afghanistan - Operation Enduring Freedom. 11. Regional Cooperation ASEAN and the European Union, Aims, achievements and challenges. 12. The Non Aligned Movement Relevance of Non Aligned Movement Relevance of Non Aligned Movement (NAM) in the contemporary World.

ISC Accounts Class 11 Syllabus There is one paper of 3 hours duration of 80 marks divided into two parts. Part I (20 marks) is compulsory and consists of short answer questions, testing knowledge, application and skills relating to elementary/ fundamental aspects of the entire syllabus. In Part II (60 marks), you are required to answer five questions out of eight from this section. Each question carries 12 marks. 1. Basic Accounting Concepts Background of accounting and accountancy: knowledge and understanding of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards); GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles), types of accounts; basic terms used in accounting, Accounting Standards and Accounting Equation. 2. Journal, Ledger and Trial Balance (i) Journal: recording of entries in journal with narration. (ii) Ledger: posting from journal to respective ledgers. (iii) Sub-division of journal - cash book [including simple cash book and double column cash book (cash and bank). Petty cash book (including simple, analytical and imprest system), sales day book, purchases day book, sales return day book, purchases return day book, bills receivable book, bills payable book and Journal proper. (iv) Trial balance 3. Bank Reconciliation Statement Bank reconciliation statement. (a) Meaning and need for bank reconciliation statement. (b) Preparation of a bank reconciliation statement from the given cash book balance or pass book balance or both. (c) Preparation of a bank reconciliation statement from the extract of the cash book as well as the pass book relating to the same month. (d) Preparation of an amended cash book and a bank reconciliation statement from the given cash book balance. (e) Preparation of an amended cash book and a bank reconciliation statement from the extract of the cash book as well as the pass book relating to the same month. 4. Depreciation, Provisions and Reserves (i) Depreciation. (ii) Methods of charging depreciation (Straight Line and Written Down Value method). (iii) Problems relating to purchase and sale of assets incorporating the application of depreciation under the two stated methods. 5. Bills of Exchange (i) Introduction to Negotiable Instruments: explanation of basic terms. (ii) Practical problems on the above in the books of drawer, drawee, endorsee and bank. 6. Final Accounts and Concept of Trading, Profit and Loss account and Balance Sheet (with and without adjustments), Marshalling of Balance Sheet (i) Capital and revenue expenditure/income. (ii) Provisions and Reserves. (iii) Trading, Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet of a sole trader, (Horizontal Format) without adjustments. (iv) Preparation of Trading Account, Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet with necessary adjustments. (v) Marshalling of a Balance Sheet: Order of permanence and order of liquidity. 7. Accounts from incomplete records (i) Single entry and difference with double entry. (ii) Ascertainment of profit/loss by statement of affairs method including application. (iii) Conversion of Single entry into double entry. 8. Non Trading Organisation (i) Non trading organization: meaning, objectives, necessity and treatment of specific items. (ii) Different books maintained and differences between them. (iii) Preparation of Income and Expenditure Account and Closing Balance Sheet. 9. Rectification of Errors Errors and types of errors: errors of omission; errors of commission; errors of principle; compensating errors. 10. Introduction to the use of Computers in Accounting Introduction to Computerised Accounting System: Components of CAS, Features, Grouping of Accounts. Advantages and Limitations of CAS, Accounting Information System. Application of computers in Accounting (Only theory) - Automation of accounting process, designing accounting reports (MIS reports) - Chart of accounts - Assets/ liabilities/ income/ expenses/ capital, customer and supplier masters, type of transaction: cash, bank, sale, purchase, journal vouchers; general ledger/trial balance, balance sheet, profit and loss, data exchange with other information systems. Comparison of accounting processes in manual and computerized accounting. ISC Biology Class 11 Syllabus There is one paper of 3 hours duration divided into two parts. Part I (20 marks) consists of compulsory short answer questions, testing knowledge, application and skills relating to elementary/fundamental aspects of the entire syllabus. Part II (50 marks) is divided into three Sections A, B and C. You are required to answer two out of three questions from Section A (each carrying 5 marks), two out of three questions from Section B (each carrying 10 marks) and two out of three questions from Section C (each carrying 10 marks). Therefore a total of six questions are to be answered in Part II. SECTION A 1. Diversity of Life (i) Taxonomy and phylogeny, three domains of life; taxonomical hierarchies, binomial nomenclature. (ii) Five-kingdom classification: salient features, characteristics and examples. (iii) Morphology and anatomy of different systems of cockroach (digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, nervous and reproductive). SECTION B 2. Plant Physiology (i) Mineral nutrition: macronutrients and micronutrients (role and deficiency symptoms); criteria for essentiality of elements, hydroponics; nitrogen nutrition in plants. (ii) Plant growth: phases of growth, growth rate, measurement of growth, factors affecting growth, role of growth regulators, seed dormancy and germination, apical dominance, senescence and abscission. (iii) Photomorphogenesis in plants. 3. Multicellularity: Structure and Functions of Plants and Animals (i) Plant Tissues: types of plant tissues: Meristematic: Classification of Meristematic tissue. Permanent Tissues: Structure and function of simple tissues (parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma) and complex tissues (xylem and phloem), types of vascular bundles. (ii) Animal Tissues: epithelial; connective; muscular; nervous (location, structure and function). (iii) Nutrition (human): Calorific value of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, Organs of digestive system (histology of individual organs not required), digestive process and disorders of the digestive system. (iv) Respiration (human): Organs of respiratory system, breathing mechanism (inspiration and expiration), pulmonary gas exchange, transport of respiratory gases, pulmonary air volumes and lung capacities. Disorders of the respiratory system. (v) Circulation: closed and open vascular systems, structure of human heart, cardiac cycle, systemic and pulmonary circulation, portal system, arterial blood pressure, origin and conduction of heart beat, blood vessels (structure with the help of diagrams and adaptation), lymphatic system. ABO groups, coagulation of blood. Disorders of the Circulatory system. (vi) Excretion: ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism, structure of human kidney (L.S.), structure of nephron, role of skin and lungs in excretion, physiology of urine formation, counter current system; functions of the kidney; homeostasis. Disorders of the excretory system. (vii) Endocrine System (human): hormones of pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands and gonads; mechanism of hormone action; effect of hyposecretion and hypersecretion, feedback mechanism. (viii) Nervous System (human): Central, autonomic and peripheral, structure of brain and spinal cord, reflex action, transmission of nerve impulse, saltatory conduction; sense organs (eye and ear). Receptors (mechanoreceptor, chemoreceptor, photoreceptor and thermoreceptors). (ix) Locomotion: joints, structure of skeletal muscle, sliding filament theory of muscle contraction, red and white muscles, summation, tetanus and rigor mortis. Disorders of muscular and skeletal system. SECTION C 4. Units of Life (i) Biomolecules: Outline classification and functions of Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. (ii) Enzymes: General properties, classification, mechanism of enzyme action, factors affecting enzyme activity. (iii) Cell membranes: fluid mosaic model, membrane transport, passive and active transport, exocytosis and endocytosis. Facilitated diffusion. (iv) Cell structure: structure and functions of nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, lysosomes, ribosomes, microfilaments, microtubules, cilia, flagella and centrioles (ultra structure and function); Cell wall, vacuoles and cell inclusions. Prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell - a comparison. (v) Cellular respiration: aerobic and anaerobic, fermentation, glycolysis, Krebs’ cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and respiratory quotient. Amphibolic pathway. (vi) Cell reproduction: cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis. 5. Organisms and Environment (i) Ecosystem: biotic and abiotic components, Productivity and decomposition, food chain, trophic levels, food webs, ecological pyramids, niche, biogeochemical cycles. (ii) Pollution: Air, water and soil pollution and their control. Greenhouse effect and ozone depletion.

ISC Biotechnology Class 11 Syllabus There is one paper of three hours duration divided into two parts. Part 1 (20 marks) consists of compulsory short answer questions, testing knowledge, application and skills relating to elementary/fundamental aspects of the entire syllabus. Part 2 (50 marks) consists of eight questions out of which you are required to answer five questions. Each question in this part carries 10 marks. 1. Introduction to Biotechnology (a) Historical background and the future of Biotechnology: definition and a brief introduction of the traditional techniques which are now covered under the heading Biotechnology and different ways the present man is utilising the traditional principles for the betterment of mankind. Kitchen, the first biotechnological laboratory - reasoning behind the technology involved in simple biological products like curd, beer and wine. A brief note on the causative micro- organisms. Application of these technologies for large- scale production, with special reference to fermentation. Quality control management of the products, good laboratory practices and a brief note on international marketing. (b) Basic concepts of Biochemical technology: What does the biochemical technology mean? An understanding of various principles and statistical methods involved in research under the umbrella of biotechnology. Concept of buffer, pH, physical variables, dimensions and units. Fluid flow and mixing, heat and mass transfer, growth kinetics and fermentation process. An understanding of bio-reactors. Concept of probability, methods of sampling, collection of data – primary and secondary data, classification and tabulation, confidence levels, idea of sampling, distribution and standard error. (c) Scope and importance of biotechnology: different branches of biotechnology and different regulatory, social, ethical and legal issues that a biotechnologist comes across while doing the work. Names, definitions and importance of various fields that can be covered under biotechnology such as - agricultural/ plant biotechnology, animal biotechnology/ medical biotechnology, industrial biotechnology, immunology and health care, energy, environment and services. Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in biotechnology- concept of intellectual property, intellectual property rights and the choice of intellectual property rights protection. Various types of IPRs. Concept of patenting and its need. Process patenting and product patenting. Various precautions to be taken while carrying out biotechnological work. Various types of intellectual property rights. Concept of ethical, legal and social issues with one common example. How these issues are being tackled at national and international level. Bio safety issues: release of genetically modified organisms into the environment. Bridging the gap between bioscience, engineering and technology. 2. Cell Biology (a) Cell - Basic unit of life: Justification of cell as a basic unit of life. A brief note on the cell components with special reference to nucleus and its components. Various cytological techniques used in counting and identifying the cell and chromosomes. An understanding of cell components, their structure, and functions - cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, ribosomes, vacuoles, plastids, lysosomes, nucleus and other important inclusions of the cell. Differentiation between plant and animal and prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular systems. Chromosomal structure and composition – organisation of chromatids, concept of homologous and non-homologous chromosomes, sister and non-sister chromatids, classification of chromosomes on the basis of position of the centromere on the chromosome, basic idea about telomere, chromatin and nucleosome. An idea about banding patterns and their application. Concept of chromosomal number in different species, e.g. man and mouse. Techniques in cytology - microscopy, cell sorting and counting, karyotyping and banding techniques. (b) Cell Division and cell cycle: necessity for a cell to divide. Types of cell division and various other activities of cell such as biochemical transformations. Types and significance of cell division and a brief note about the different stages of cell division. Concept of crossing over, chiasmata. Basic concept of cell cycle and cell cycle regulation. Cell communication and signal transduction, movement, nutrition, gaseous exchange, internal transport and maintenance of the internal transport and cell reproduction. Biochemical Transformations: An understanding of biochemical transformations, different biochemical pathways involved in respiration - aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic respiration - Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Anaerobic respiration - lactic acid formation, fermentation and lactic acid alcohol formation. Photosynthesis – brief historical account and light and dark reactions. (c) Errors in cell division: what happens if the cell does not divide normally? An understanding of different numerical and structural abnormalities which can be detected with the help of a microscope. Concept of non-disjunction: meiotic non-disjunction and mitotic non-disjunction. Non- disjunction in sex chromosomes – Turner’s syndrome and Klienfelter’s syndrome, identification and symptoms. Importance of these syndromes in studying human behavioural genetics. Numerical chromosomal aberrations with respect to autosomes, i.e. Down’s syndrome/ trisomy 21. Structural chromosomal abnormalities – deletions, duplications, translocations, inversions, ring chromosomes and uniparental disomy. Chromosomal abnormalities and gene mapping. Polyploidy and its significance in plants. 3. Growth and Development in living beings (a) Animal and plant development: development of a complete organism from zygotic cell in both plants and animals. An understanding of defence strategies in all types of living organisms. Animal development – zygote to a stage of complete development of the foetus in a stage where it can absorb food. Plant development. Fertilised ovules to a complete plant. Immune response in plants and animals - immune system in higher animals, concept of immunity, immunisation, antigen and antibody. Various cells involved in immune system in humans. An introduction to human leukocyte antigens. Types of immunity - innate and acquired. ELISA Technique (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbant Assay). Plant pathogen interaction. Secondary metabolism. Defence strategies in microbes and insects. (b) Biodiversity and evolution of populations: an understanding of biodiversity in both plants and animals and the concept of population. Significance of biodiversity, Indian plants and animals. Concept and value of biodiversity. Understanding the concept of biodiversity. To appreciate various reasons for valuing and conserving biodiversity (ethical, moral, economic, aesthetic). An understanding of speciation, types of speciation - allopatric and sympatric; concept of ecosystem; adaptation and natural selection. Organisation of life, size and complexity, interaction with the environment. 4. Genetics (a) Laws of Inheritance: how can one establish if a trait/disease is genetic or environmental? An account of Mendel’s experiments. Different types of genetic inheritance and various complicating factors in genetic research. Mendel’s experiment on pea plant and his conclusions - law of segregation and law of independent assortment. Concept of trait, gene, allele, phenotype, genotype, homozygosity, heterozygosity and hemizygosity. Types of inheritance. Pedigree construction using different standard symbols. Construction of pedigree showing different modes of inheritance, autosomal inheritance - dominant, co-dominant and recessive. Sex chromosome inheritance - with special reference to X chromosomal inheritance with suitable examples. Mitochondrial / cytoplasmic inheritance. Establishment of genetic reasons for a trait - family and twin studies. Various problems in genetic research - variable expressivity, incomplete penetrance, one gene several effects, one phenotype several genes and Lyon’s hypothesis. (b) Gene Mapping: mapping of genes on chromosomes using linkage analysis. An understanding of mutations and cancer genetics. Mapping of genes on chromosomes with respect to genetic diseases. Basic concept of linkage and crossing over. Genetic recombination, concept of centi morgan (cM), Morgan’s experimental results, explanation of linkage and mapping with suitable examples, discovery of DNA as the genetic material. Concept of mutation and various factors causing mutations. Cancer genetics: a brief note. (c) Genes in populations: how do genes behave in populations from generation to generation? Various ways of studying population genetics. Concept of gene pool and allele frequency, polymorphism, definition of Hardy Weinberg law, its applications. Possibility of disease resistant and susceptible genes in population. Concept of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics. ISC Chemistry Class 11 Syllabus There is one paper of 3 hours duration divided into 2 parts. Part I (20 marks) consists of compulsory short answer questions, testing knowledge, application and skills relating to elementary/fundamental aspects of the entire syllabus. Part II (50 marks) is divided into 3 Sections, A, B and C. You are required to answer two out of three questions from Section A (each carrying 10 marks), two out of three questions from Section B (each carrying 5 marks) and two out of three questions from Section C (each carrying 10 marks). Therefore, a total of six questions are to be answered in Part II. SECTION A 1. Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry (i) Precision and Accuracy (ii) Dimensional Analysis (iii) The concept of atoms having fixed properties in explaining the laws of chemical combination. (iv) Atomic and isotopic masses. (v) Chemical equivalents, volumetric calculations in terms of normality. C = 12.00 should be taken as a standard for expressing atomic masses. (vi) Relative molecular mass and mole. The following methods may be considered for the determination of relative molecular masses for the gases: the molar volume method; Victor Meyer’s method (experimental details not required). (vii) Chemical reaction - Stoichiometric calculations based on mass-mass, mass-volume and volume-volume relationships. 2. Atomic Structure (i) Electrons, Protons and Neutrons as fundamental particles, their charges and masses. (ii) Rutherford’s nuclear model based on the scattering experiment. (iii) Bohr’s atomic model. (iv) Atomic structure: wave mechanical model- a simple mathematical treatment. Quantum numbers; shape, size and orientation of s, p and d orbitals only (No derivation). Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity. Pauli’s exclusion principle, Aufbau principle, electronic configuration of elements in terms of s, p, d, f subshells. 3. Periodic Table (i) Atomic number (Proton number) as the basis for classification of the elements in the Periodic Table. IUPAC nomenclature for elements with Z > 100. (ii) Extra nuclear structure as the basis of periodicity. Some idea of the following: ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, atomic radius, atomic volume, electronegativity, etc must be given. The periodicity of electronic structure leading to the periodicity of elements e.g. the relative ease of ionisation of elements. (iii) Periodicity of elements with reference to s, p, d and f block elements. 4. Chemical Bonding Kossel-Lewis approach to Chemical Bonding. Electrovalent Bond

(i) Electrovalent or ionic bond e.g formation of NaCl, Li2O, MgO, CaO, MgF2, and Na2S. (ii) Factors influencing the formation of ionic bond, e.g electron gain enthalpy, ionisation enthalpy, lattice energy and electronegativity. (iii) The relation between the ionic bonding and Periodic Table. (iv) Variable electrovalency and its causes. Covalent Bond (i) Covalent bond, sigma and pi bonds e.g. formation of ammonia, nitrogen, ethene, ethyne, and carbon dioxide. Resonance. (ii) Variable valency: chlorine exhibits the valency of 1,3,5 & 7. (iii) Deviation from Octet rule and Fajan’s rules. (iv) Co-ordinate or dative covalent bond, e.g. formation of oxy-acids of chlorine. (v) Hydrogen bonding: its essential requirements, the examples of hydrogen fluoride, water (ice), alcohol, etc may be considered. (vi) Metallic bonding, van der Waals’ forces. (vii) Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory; Hybridization and shapes of molecules: hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals only; sigma and pi bonds. (viii) Molecular orbital theory, Qualitative treatment of homonuclear diatomic molecules of first two periods (Hydrogen to Neon). Energy level diagrams, bonding, antibonding molecular - 2- + orbitals, bond order, paramagnetism of O2 molecule. Relative stabilities of O2, O2 , O2 , O2 and + - 2- N2, N2 , N2 , N2 . 5. The Gaseous State (i) The gas laws, kinetic theory treated qualitatively. (ii) PV = nRT or PV= (w/M)RT and the application of this equation of state. (iii) Non ideal behaviour of gases and van der Waals’ equation. (iv) Dalton’s law, the Avogadro’s constant, the mole, Graham’s law of diffusion, simple numerical problems on the above. 6. Surface Chemistry (i) Adsorption (ii) Colloidal State: Preparation and properties of colloids, both lyophilic and lyophobic colloids. Precipitation as evidence that the colloidal particles are charged. Idea of gold number is required, but application of gold number is not required. The importance of large surface area in adsorption should also be appreciated. (iii) Chromatography 7. Chemical Kinetics Rate of a chemical reaction, basic idea of order and molecularity of a reaction. 8. Chemical Energetics (i) Introduction. (ii) First law of Thermodynamics and its mathematical statement. (iii) Ideas about Heat, Work and Energy. (iv) Second law of thermodynamics - Reversible and irreversible changes, isobaric, isochoric adiabatic processes; Entropy, Free Energy. Spontaneity of a chemical change. ΔG° = -2.303 RT logKeq. (v) Third Law of Thermodynamics - statement only. (vi) Thermochemistry:  (a) Definitions.  (b) Constancy in the heat of neutralisation.  (c) Calorific value of a fuel.  (d) Hess’s law of constant heat summation - simple problems based on the above definitions and concepts. SECTION B 9. Study of Representative Elements: Group 1, 2, 13, 14, 15 The following should be included: a) Occurrence, (b) Physical State, (c) Electronic Configuration, (d) Atomic and Ionic radii, (e) Common oxidation state, (f) Electropositive / Electronegative character, (g) Ionisation enthalpy, (h) Reducing/oxidising nature, (i) Distinctive behaviour of first member of each group (namely Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen), (j) Nature of oxides, hydroxides, hydrides, carbonates, nitrates, chlorides, sulphates, wherever applicable. 10. Preparation, properties and uses of Compounds of Groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15 Only brief qualitative treatment is required for preparation. Main emphasis must be given to the chemistry of preparation, chemical properties and uses of the given compounds. Biological importance of magnesium, sodium, calcium and potassium. Group 1: Sodium chloride, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium carbonate, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium thiosulphate; Group 2: Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, Calcium oxide, Plaster of Paris, Cement; Group 13: Borax, Borax Bead Test, Boric acid, Alums; Group 14: Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Silicon dioxide, Silicon carbide, Silicones; Group 15: Oxides of nitrogen, Phosphorus trichloride, Phosphorus pentachloride, Oxoacids of phosphorus. 11. Redox Reactions Concept of oxidation and reduction in terms of oxygen, hydrogen, electrons. Redox reactions - examples. Oxidation number: Rules for calculation, simple calculations of oxidation state in molecules and ions Oxidation and reduction in terms of change in oxidation number. Balancing of redox reactions in acidic and basic medium by oxidation number and ion-electron method. SECTION C 12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry (i) The unique nature of carbon atom and catenation. (ii) Classification of organic compounds and homologous series. (iii) Detection of carbon, hydrogen, sulphur, nitrogen and halogen. (iv) Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur and phosphorous. 13. Isomerism Definition. Classification of isomerism. (i) Structural Isomerism. (ii) Stereo Isomerism.  (a) Geometric isomerism (cis and trans only).  (b) Optical isomerism 14. Types of Chemical Reactions and their Mechanisms (i) Substitution, addition and elimination reactions. (ii) Homolytic and heterolytic fission. (iii) Electrophiles and nucleophiles. (iv) Inductive, mesomeric, electromeric effects and hyperconjugation. (v) Free radicals and polar mechanisms (in terms of fission of the bonds and formation of the new bonds) including SN1, SN2, E1 and E2 mechanisms. 15. Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbons (i) Alkanes: General methods of preparation, Properties of alkanes. (ii) Alkenes: general methods of preparation and properties of alkenes. (iii) Alkynes: methods of preparation (including manufacture), properties and uses of ethyne. (iv) Benzene: Coal tar as an important source of aromatic compounds; preparation of benzene from sodium benzoate, properties and uses of benzene; resonance model of benzene; directive influence of substituents in the benzene ring. 16. Applications of Chemicals (i) In medicine: antipyretics, analgesics, tranquillisers, antiseptics, disinfectants, anti-microbials, anti-fertility drugs, antihistamines, antibiotics, antacids. (ii) Soaps and Detergents: classification, structure and some important examples. 17. Environmental Chemistry (i) Energy: Non-renewable and renewable sources, use of diesel and petrol in trains buses, cars and other vehicles, use of LPG, use of CNG and their role in pollution control. Future sources of energy - hydrogen, alcohol, fuel cells and bio-fuels. Brief explanation. Methods of saving energy in homes and institutions - use of energy saving bulbs, solar cooker, bio-gas pipeline. (ii) Pollution: Environmental pollution: atmospheric pollution and water pollution.

ISC Commerce Class 11 Syllabus Part 1 (20 marks) consists of compulsory short answer questions testing knowledge, application and skills relating to elementary/ fundamental aspects of the entire syllabus. Part II (60 marks) consists of eight questions out of which you are required to answer five questions, each carrying 12 marks. 1. Nature and Purpose of Business (i) Classification of human activities - economic and non economic. (ii) Definition and concept of business; classification of business activities. (iii) Business objectives 2. Forms of Business Organisations (i) Introduction to business organizations. (ii) Sole trader - objectives; formation; merits and demerits. (iii) Partnership  (a) Meaning, features; types of partners and partnership firms.  (b) Registration of Partnership firms.  (c) Evaluation of partnership; merits and demerits.  (d) Comparison of sole proprietorship and partnership. (iv) Corporate Organisations. (v) Public Sector Undertakings.  (a) Meaning; characteristics, objectives, role and forms of Public Sector Undertakings (Departmental Undertakings, Public Corporations and Government Companies).  (b) Public Private Partnerships. (vi) Co-operative organisations - meaning; characteristics and types. 3. Social Responsibility of Business and Business Ethics Concept and need for social responsibility. 4. Emerging Modes of Business (i) E-business. (ii) Outsourcing. (iii) Smart Cards. 5. Stock Exchange (i) Meaning and importance. (ii) Functions and services. (iii) Major Stock Exchanges in India (BSE, NSE, DSE, ASE) - types and locations. (iv) Types of operators – Brokers, Jobbers, Bulls and Bears. (v) Terms used in Stock Exchange - ex-dividend, cum dividend, spot delivery, forward delivery. (vi) SEBI - functions and objectives. 6. Trade (i) Wholesalers. (ii) Retail trade  (a) Meaning and characteristics.  (b) Types of retail trade - Itinerant and small scale fixed shops: departmental store, chain store, mail order houses, tele shopping, franchise, consumer cooperative stores, hypermarkets and automatic vending machines.  (c) Documents used in home trade. (iii) Role of Chambers of Commerce and Industry and Trade Associations. 7. Foreign Trade (i) Meaning, difference between internal trade and external trade. (ii) Export trade - Meaning, objectives and procedure of export trade. (iii) Import trade - Meaning objectives purpose and procedure. (iv) Documents involved in international trade. (v) World Trade Organisation. 8. Insurance (i) Insurance - Meaning, objectives and purpose. (ii) Risks in business - insurable and non-insurable. (iii) Principles of insurance. (iv) Types of insurance: life and non life.

ISC English Class 11 Syllabus There are two papers as follows: 1. Paper 1: English Language (3 hours) - 100 marks 2. Paper 2: Literature in English (3 hours) - 100 marks Paper 1: English Language Question One: A composition on one of a number of subjects. (30 Marks) You are required to select one composition topic from a choice of six. The choice will normally include narrative, descriptive, reflective, argumentative, discussion topics and short story. The required length of the composition is 450 - 500 words. Question Two: Directed writing (article writing, book review, film review, review of theatre/ concert / cultural programme/ television show, speech writing, report writing, personal profile, statement of purpose and testimonial) based on suggested points. (20 Marks) The piece of directed writing will be based on the information and ideas provided. The required length will be about 300 words. The range of subjects may include article writing, book review, film review, review of theatre/ concert / cultural programme/ television show, speech writing, report writing, personal profile, statement of purpose and testimonial. Skills such as selecting, amplifying, describing, presenting reasoned arguments, re-arranging and re-stating may be involved. The candidates’ ability in the above skills, including format will be taken into account as well as their ability to handle language appropriately in the context of the given situation. It is emphasized that only one question will be set in the examination paper and that this will be compulsory. Question Three: Short-answer questions to test grammar, structure and usage. (20 Marks) All the items in this question are compulsory, and their number and type / pattern may vary from year to year. They will consist of short-answer, open completion items or any other type, which will test the candidates’ knowledge of the essentials of functional English grammar and structure. Only two or three types will be included in any one examination. Question Four: Comprehension. (30 Marks) A passage of about 500 words will be provided. It is recommended that in Paper 1 about 50 minutes should be spent on Question one, 40 minutes on Question two, 30 minutes on Question three and one hour on Question four. Paper 2: Literature in English You are required to answer five questions as follows: One textual question (compulsory) on the Shakespeare play/ alternative prescribed play together with four other questions on at least three texts, which may include the Shakespeare play/ alternative play. Question 1 is compulsory (20 Marks), four other questions, each carrying 20 Marks. The textual question, which will be set on the Shakespeare play/alternative play, will contain three short passages and candidates will be required to answer questions set on two of the passages. These Questions may require candidates to explain words and phrases, to rewrite passages in modern English, or to relate an extract to the work as a whole. The rest of the questions on the Shakespeare play/alternative play and on the other prescribed texts will require essay-type answers and will be set on the episodes, the plot or plots, themes or ideas, characters, relationship and other prominent literary qualities of the texts prescribed.