• Abstract and Figures
• Public Full-text

1900 Drought at horn of AFR, Brinell tester (Metal hardness tester) invented, Buganda E Africa ruled by the Kabaka (king) with British advice, uprising in Asante, W Africa, Boxer rebellion in China, Russia annexes Manchuria, Germany proposes 20 year plan to build naval fleet, Phosphate-rich Ocean Island (Oceana) annexed by British, New Zealand annexes Cook Islands, Hurricane in Galveston Texas, Scofield mine disaster, end of period of ragtime, start of jazz, End of sixth period of Chinese literature * Meeting between Saints and President McKinley, re- elected with 51% of Utah’s vote, Reed Smoot meets with McKinley, T. Roosevelt meets with Saints while campaigning in Utah, Jul - Lightning-started fire at Standard Oil refinery in NJ, Sep - 6000 die in Galveston hurricane - this leads to the first commission form of government, Baseball's American League formed, William Jennings Bryan runs on Free Silver campaign, Horseless carriages begin to appear on American roads - about 8000, Open Door Policy with China in effect, Chinese dislike foreign involvement, Boxer Rebellion kills 300 foreigners, Foraker Act provides new government for Puerto Rico, UT – outlaw gunned down in Castle Gate UT and souvenir hunters rip some skin off, Winter Quarters mine disaster kills 200 in Scofield, death of English art critic John Ruskin, death of German socialist Wilhelm Liebknecht, death of American essayist and novelist Charles Dudley Warner, death of German physiologist Wilhelm Kuhne, death of English philosopher and founder of Society for Psychical Research Henry Sidgwick, death of American popularizer of history John C Ridpath, death of English composer Sir Arthur Sullivan, death of German painter Wilhelm Leibl, death of Hungarian painter Mihaly von Munkascy, AK quake 7.7, start of malaria pandemic killing between 80 and 250 million until current, start of tuberculosis pandemic killing 40 and 100 million until current, Pan-African Congress meets in London – WEB Du Bois serves as secretary, composers Scott Joplin and Eubie Blake pioneer ragtime music, Cary Nation begins attacking saloons with her hatchet, End of Indian forced removal by US westward expansion, Chinese Boxer rebellion, German Planck forms quantum theory, Oscar Wilde dies, Freud's "The Interpretation of Dreams", death of Anglo-Irish author Oscar Wilde, death of American author Stephen Crane (age 29), death of Humbert I king of Italy, Roberts named British commander-in-chief in S Africa – Kitchener named chief of staff – relief of Ladysmith – British capture Bloemfontein relief of Mafeking – British annex Orange Free State and Transvaal and take Pretoria and Johannesburg, Ramsay macDonald appointed secretary of British Labour Party, Boxer risings in China against Europeans, King Umberto I of Italy murdered by anarchist – succeeded by son Victor Emmanuel III, Commonwealth of Australia created, Bernhard von Bulow named German Chancellor, William McKinley #25 reelected, Writers: Colette, Joseph Conrad (Lord Jim), Maxim Gorki, Edmond Rostand, Tolstoi, Theodore Dreiser, Anton Chekhov, JC Heer, Ellen Key, Leslie Stephen, Henri Bergson, Sigmund Freud (The Interpretation of Dreams), Bertrand Russell, Wilhelm Wundt, death of Stephen Crane, Death of Oscar Wilde, death of Nitzsche, Wallace Collection in London opened, death of English art historian John Ruskin, Picasso paints, Gauguin reports on travels, Lawrence Alma-Tadema paints, Cezanne paints, Renoir paints, Sargent paints, Toulouse-Lautrec paints, film of Cinderella directed by Georges Melies, death of Sir Arthur Sullivan the musician, Samuel Coleridge-Taylor composes, Gustave Charpentier composes, Elgar composes, Puccini composes “Tosca”, FE Dorn discovers radon, Max Planck formulates quantum theory, first Browning revolvers manufactured, American scientist RA Fassenden transmits human speech via radio waves, First trial flight of Zeppelin, Arthur Evans excavations in Crete – discovery of Minoan culture, German Civil Law Code comes into force, George Cadbury founds Bourneville Village Trust, “Daily Express” in London appears, Cake Walk becomes fashionable dance, DF Davis presents international lawn tennis cup (Davis Cup), World Expo in Paris, Ray C Wery of US wins eight Olympic gold medals, WG Grace ends cricket careen with 54,000 runs, William Muldoon proclaimed first professional wrestling champion, Top songs: “Strike Up the Band”, “Flight of the Bumblebee” “Give Us Just Another Lincoln” “I Can’t Tell Why I Love You But I Do” “Tell Me Pretty Maiden”, Meeting between Saints and President McKinley, re-elected with 51% of Utah’s vote, Reed Smoot meets with McKinley, T. Roosevelt meets with Saints while campaigning in Utah 1901 Britain annexes Asante, W Africa, Separation of the church and state begins 4 year run in France, Bolshevik party starts in Russia (Russian Social Revolutionary Party), Britain gains control over Tonga’s foreign relations, Commonwealth of Australia formed, Death of Victoria of Britain, Edward VII reigns * McKinley stops in depot of Ogden, George Albert Smith hears the shot that killed McKinley, George Albert Smith meets with T. Roosevelt in New York, German population density about 160/sq mile, Mar - F3 tornado in Birmingham AL, Roosevelt warns that forest and water problems are most vital, Supreme Court separates U.S. territories from incorporated possessions - eventually leading to AK and HI statehood, Congress turns Cuba over to Cubans, Britain gives up control of canal territory in Panama to U.S., death of Giuseppe Verdi the Italian operatic composer, death of British authoress Charlotte M Yonge, death of Ignatius Donnelly the American author and pro Bacon vs. Shakespeare proponent, death of French-German physicist and acoustician Rodolphe Koenig, death of Swedish explorer of NE passage Nils AE Nordenskjold, death of Benjamin Harrison #23, death of English novelist Sir Walter Besant, death of American humorist Orpheus C. Kerr, death of Turkish general Osman Pasha, death of American playwright and actor James A Herne, death of British poet Robert Buchanan, death of American historian John Fiske, death of Russian painter Vasili Vereshchagin, assassination of William McKinkey #25, death of Anglican Bishop of London Mandell Creighton, death of Richard D’Oyly Carte the English theatrical manager for Gilbert and Sullivan, 6.4 CA quake, Booker T. Washington organizes national Negro Business League, Marconi’s radio transmission returned from across Atlantic, King C Gilette invents safety razor, Karl Landsteiner identifies three blood types, Willis Carrier invents industrial air conditioning, Death of Queen Victoria in England, Edward VII rules England, Theodore Roosevelt president, death of French painter Henri Toulouse-Lautrec age 37, Edmund Barton inaugurated as first Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia, Boers begin organized Guerilla warfare – negotiations between Kitchener and Botha at Middleburg on amnesty of Cape rebels, Cuba Convention makes the country a US protectorate, WH Taft becomes Governor-General of Philippines, Negotiations for Anglo-Japanese alliance in London, Peace of Peking ends Boxer uprising, William McKinley assassinated by anarchist – Theodore Roosevelt governs, Prince Ito of Japan in St. Petersburg seeking concessions in Korea – negotiations end without agreement, Negotiations for Anglo-German alliance end without agreement, Treaty on building of Panama Canal under US supervision, Social Revolutionary Party founded in Russia, Nobel Peace Prizes awarded to Henri Dunant of Switzerland and Frederic Passy of France Wilhelm Roentegen and E von Behring, Writers: Samuel Butler, Hall Caine, Kipling, Selma Lagerlof, Maeterlinck, Thomas Mann, Strindberg, Louis Couperus, Wilhelm Meyer-Forster, Charles Louis Philippe, Frenk Wedekind, Stefan Zweig, JM Barrie, Frank Norris (The Octopus), BS Rowntree, James Bryce, cabaret “Uberbretti” founded in Berlin, Rudolph Steyner founds anthroposophy, Rabindranath Tagore founds Santiniketan school in Bengal, Gaugin paints, Edvard Munch paints, death of Swiss painter Arnold Bocklin, death of Henri Toulouse-Lautrec, Feradin and Holder paint “spring”, Mac Lieberman paints, Picasso’s Blue Period, Siegesallee in Berlin – 32 marble statues of members of the House of Hohenzollernn, Film “The Little Doctor”, Richard Strauss composes, Stanford composes, Dvorak composes, Elgar composes, Ravel composes, Rachmaninoff composes, Bruckner’s symphony performed posthumously, death of Verdi the composer, Tenor Leo Slezak joins Vienna Opera, Ragtime jazz develops in US, Wigmore Hall in London opens, Start of “Century of electricity” following the “century of steam”, Max Planck publishes laws of radiation, hormone adrenalin first isolated, Marconi transmits telegraphic radio messages from Cornwall to Newfoundland, first motor driven bicycles, Wilhelm Maybach technical director at the Daimler works constructs first Mercedes car, WH Nernst postulates “third law of thermodynamics”, Mombasa to Lake Victoria completed, JP Morgan organizes US Steel, Trans-Siberian Railroad reaches Port Arthur, Fifth Zionist Congress begins Jewish National Fund, Oil drilling started in Persia, Boxing recognized as legal sport in England, first British submarine launched, First American Bowling Club tournament held in Chicago, popular songs “Yale Boola!” “American Patrol” Rachmaninoff’s “Concerto for Piano #2”, McKinley stops in depot of Ogden, George Albert Smith hears the shot that killed McKinley, George Albert Smith meets with T. Roosevelt in New York 1902 Pelee on Martinique Virgin Islands erupts and kills ~26,000 - St. Pierre Snake Invasion kills 50, end of second Boer War, Treaty of Vereeniging ends second Boer War in S Africa, Alabama Shiloh Baptist Church overcrowded to hear Booker T Washington - one screamed “fight” and people misunderstood as “fire” and 115 trampled, Anglo-Japanese alliance reached, treaties between China, Britain, US and Japan, Ibn Saud captures Riyadh – beginning of Saudi Arabia, votes for women introduced in Australia, Earthquake and volcano in Guatemala City, Soufriere Volcano on St. Vincent Island erupts killing 1680, Volcano on Martinique, Santa Maria Volcano in Guatemala erupts killing 1680, earthquake in Ubekistan, Mercalli invents earthquake scale, Streetcars in New Orleans segregated, Byzantine silver plates created 629 AD discovered, collapse of Campanile of St. Mark’s in Venice after 1000 years * President T. Roosevelt meets with Saints, Salisbury - Buffalo Bill’s partner – dies – BB Cody files for divorce from wife - pubic turns against him as relationships revealed, Muckraking articles and History of the Standard Oil Company published, Spring - coal strike in PA - strike lasted through autumn, where shorter hours and higher wages were granted, but were told their union wasn't valid, Danbury Hatter's Strike, MA invents Worker Compensation - declared unconstitutional, U.S. defeats the Philippine rebels, Philippines gain self-rule... not fully granted until 1907, A Venezuelan blockade by Britain, Germany and Italy results in U.S. arbitration, death of German surgeon Rudolf Virchow, death of English historian Samuel Rawson Gardiner, death of Lord Acton the English historian, death of American fiction writer Frank R Stockton, death of English novelist and critic Samuel Butler, death of French painter James Tissot, death of American novelist Bret Harte, death of American writer Edward Eggleston, death of American editor of the Atlantic Monthly Horace E Schudder, death of French sculptor Jules Dalou, death of American naturalist and paleontologist Alpheus Hyatt, death of American legislator Thomas B Reed, death of American naval commander in Spanish-American War William T Sampson, death of French novelist Emile Zola, death of American cartoonist Thomas Nast, Hakkoda Japan blizzard kills 199 during military training exercise, End of Indian Famine killing 19 million from 1896, jazz Pianist Jelly Roll Morton performs, Popular Mechanics premiers, Andrew Carnegie established Carnegie Institution, Teddy Roosevelt refuses to shoot a bear tied to a tree, Egypt's first Aswan Dam, death of British adventurer and statesman Cecil John Rhodes, Max Factor comes to US from Russia, Anglo- Japanese treaty recognizes the independence of China and Korea, Coal strike in US May-Oct, National bankruptcy declared in Portugal, Treaty of Vereeniging ends Boer War – Orange Free State becomes British Crown Colony, Triple Alliance between Germany Austria and Italy renewed for six years, US acquires perpetual control over Panama Canal, Colonial conference meets in London, Arthur Balfour becomes British Prime Minister, First meeting of Committee of Imperial Defence in London, death of Cecil Rhodes (Rhodesia), Leon Trotsky escapes from a Siberian prison and settles in London, Writers: Hilaire Belloc, Joseph Conrad, Arthur Canon Doyle (Hound of the Baskervilles), Andre Gide, Kipling, Maxim Gorki, John Masefield, D’Annunzio, JM Barrie, Chekhov, Arnold Bennett, Maeterlinck, Merezhkobski, AEW Mason, Beatrix Potter (Peter Rabbit), JA Hobson, William James, Paul Hoensbroich, Benedetto Croce, Pauli and Herbig, Werner Sombart, London Times Literary Supplement begins, death of Sanuel Butler, Emile Zola, Winner of Nobel Prize for Literature Theodor Mommsen, Gauguin paints, Monet paints, JS Sargent paints, Rodin paints, Olaf Gulbransson becomes political cartoonist, Slevogt paints, Film - Salome”, Max Klinger sculpts Nietzsche, Elgar composes first “Pomp and Circumstance” march, Debussy composes, Edward German composes, Freerick Delius composes, Leo Blech composes, Lehar composes, Massenet composes, Sibelius composes, Enrico Caruso makes first phonograph recording, Oliver Heaviside the English physicist states atmospheric layers which aid radio waves, American neurological surgeon HW Cushing begins study of pituitary, Bayliss and Starling discover the hormone secretin, French physician Charles Richet discovers anaphylaxis, Valdemar Poulsen invents the arc generator, JM Bacon becomes the first man to cross the Irish Channel In a balloon, Nobel Prize for medicine Sir Ronald Ross, Aldof Miethe invents panchromatic plate, death of German physician Rudolph Virchow, Aswan Dam opened, Casualties of Boer War – 5774 British and 4000 Boers, King Edward VII establishes Order of Merit, Anglo-American “Pilgrims” association founded, Metropolitan Water Board in London founded, Martinique volcanic fire destroys town of St. Pierre, top songs: “Pop and Circumstance” “The Entertainer” “The Glow-Worm” “Bill Bailey Won’t You Please Come Home” “Because” “On A Sunday Afternoon” “In the Good Old Summer Time”, President T. Roosevelt meets with Saints, St. Pierre Martinique snake invasion kills 50 – eruption of Mt Pelee afterwards kills 30000, Shiloh Baptist Church Panic – stampede at thought of fire kills 115 by trampling and suffocation 1903 Gilette invents disposable blade, Sokoto caliphate in Hausaland Africa taken over by Britain, British viceroy of India (Lord Curzon) sends expedition to Tibet, Assassination of Alexander, king of Serbia, Scandal breaks in Belgium over rule in Zaire – 2 years, Panama secedes from Colombia with US backing, Boundary dispute between Alaska and Canada settled, landslide in Alberta CAN, Gainesville GA tornado, Heppner OR flood and storm * Reed Smoot elected to Senate and Roosevelt supports him , Roosevelt visits Utah and becomes first president in Tabernacle, first World Series, Annie Oakley on verge of stardom in movies is smeared by Hearst’s papers in Chicago – was a poser burlesque dancer and cocaine addict – scandal fought by Oakley with libel suits over six years, Apr - Landslide hits Frank, Alberta, CAN, Dec 17 - perfect weather for the Wright Brothers, "The Wizard of Oz" written, Congress passes Expedition Act to speed up Antitrust cases, Elkins Act expands control over shipping, Marconi sends wireless message across the Atlantic, "The Great Train Robbery" debuts, OR law prohibits women and children from working over 60 hours a week, Colombian skirmish in Panama leads to Panama's independence, death of German historian Theodor Mommsen, death of English philosopher Herbert Spencer, death of French impressionist Camille Pissarro, death of FW Farrar the Anglican cleric who write and became Dean of Westminster then was involved in shady financial affairs, death of English Roman Catholic prelate Herbert Voughan, death of Anglo-American painter James Abbot McNeill Whistler, death of English novelist JH Shorthouse, death of French explorer to Africa Paul du Chaillu, death of Montagu Corry the English philanthropist and aide, death of French philologist Gaston Paris, Panamanian declaration of Independence penned in NY, WEB Du Bois publishes “The Souls of Black Folk”, Enrico Caruso debuts in NYC, Wright brothers fly, death of French painter Paul Gauguin, Panama secedes from Colombia, US gets canal zone, Wright brothers fly at Kitty Hawk, death of Austrian composer Hugo Wolf, death of Pope Leo XIII, British complete conquest of Northern Nigeria, King Edward VII visits Paris – French president Loubet visists London – the “Entente Cordiale” established, King Alexander I of Serbia and Queen Draga murdered – Peter Karageorgevich accedes to throne as Peter I, Alaskan frontier settled, London Congress – Fussian Social Democratic Party splits into Mensheviks (led by Plechanoff) and Bolsheviks (led by Lenin and Trotsky), Coronation Durbar for Edward VI King-Emperor at Delhi, Writers Samuel Butler (posthumously), Hofmannsthal, Henry James, Shaw (Man and Superman), Gerfart Hauptmann, Theodor Herzl, Jack London (Call of the Wild), Strindbert, GE Moore, Johannes Haller, Wilhelm Bolsche, Henri Poincare, Otto Weininger (suicide age 23), Nobel Prize for literature Bjornsterne Bjornson, Death of Pope Leo XIII – Cardinal Guiseppe Sarto becomes Pope Pius X, Anti- Jewish pogroms in Russia, death of Anglo-American painter James Whistler, death of French painter Paul Gauguin, PW Steer paints, Alma-Tadema paints, Building of Liverpool Cathedral, Joseph Israels paints “Jewish Wedding”, Gustav Klimt paints, premier of 12-minute (longest with a plot) film “The Great Train Robbery”, Delius composes, Bruckner’s symphony (posthumously), Oscar Hammerstein builds manhattan Opera House in New York, death of Hugo Wolf composer, Edmund Eysler composes, Juan Manen composes, Ermanno Worl- Ferrari composes, D’Albert composes, Elgar composes, first recording of an opera – Verdi’s “Ernani”, Agnes Clerke writes about problems with astrophysics, JJ Thompson writes about conduction of electricity through gasses, Orville and Wilbur Wright fly, RA Zsigmondy invents ultramicroscope, Nobel Prizes H Becwuerel and the Curies in physics, Arrhenius in chemistry, U of Liverpool and Manchester founded, Wilhelm Einthoven invents the electrocardiograph, Motor- car regulations in Britain set 20mph speed limit, Emmeline Pankhurst founds National Women’s Social and Political Union, Royal Naval College in Dartmouth founded, Deutsches Museum in Munich opened, Albert I Prince of Monaco founds International Peace Institute, German Hans Meyer climbs and explores Chimborazo in Ecuador, Henry Ford founds Ford Motor Company, JP Morgan founds International Mercantile Marine Company, Sixth Zionist Congress declines offer for Jewish settlement in E Africa, First crossing of American continent by car in 65 days, Richard Steiff designs first teddy bears, first Tour de France, First post-season baseball series, “The Beer That Made Milwaukee Famous” “Melody of Love” “March of the Toys” “Ida! Sweet as Apple Cider” “Hiawatha”, Reed Smoot elected to Senate and Roosevelt supports him , Roosevelt visits Utah and becomes first president in Tabernacle 1904 French create federation of French West Africa, Entente Cordiale between Britain and France, Russo-Japanese War begins, Final settlement between Bolivia and Chile after War of the Pacific, presidency of Ismael Montes of Bolivia begins – period of social reforms, Legislative council organized in Fiji, Plague outbreak in Bombay India 4 years, Emergency code is CQD (not SOS), Surprise attack on Pt. Arthur starts Russo-Japanese War, US gains control of Panama Canal, Russians retreat through Korea, Tunnel created under Hudson River, Brits defeat Tibetan troops, Treaty between French and British, Rolls Royce company created, Governor-General of Finland assassinated, Trans-Siberian railway created, Ice cream cone invented, NYC subway created, Herero Wars begin in Namibia with Oct. Massacre, 2nd Polygamist Manifesto * Roosevelt honors Saints by having President Smith on stand at World’s Fair – discuss persecution of missionaries in Germany, Church actively supports Roosevelt – gets 61% of votes, World Series (second) cancelled, Nov - First great dust storm of the Dust Bowl era hits Great Plains, Russo-Japanese war begins, Drago Doctrine of Argentina claims that foreign investors cannot use force to exact debts from Latin American countries, but Roosevelt added a Corollary which stated that the U.S. had personal interest and could intervene, death of Scottish author Samuel Smiles, death of English painter GF Watts, death of Paul Kruger the South African statesman, death of English poet Sir Edwin Arnold, death of English philosopher Sir Leslie Stephen, death of French sculptor of the Statue of Liberty F.A. Bartholdi, death of German painter Franz von Lenbach, death of French painter Henri Fantin-Latour, death of American financier and president maker Alonzo Mark Hanna, death of British drama critic Clement Scott, death of American historian born in Germany HE von Holst, death of Czech composer Anton Dvorak, death of Sir Henry M Stanley the English journalist and explorer in Africa, AK quake 7.3, “Mother of the Blues” Ma Raines begins Vaudeville tour, Russo-Japanese war begins in Manchuria, Entente Cordiale between England and France, Max Weber's "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, death of Russian author Anton Chekhov, Russo-Japanese War break out in Feb – Japanese besiege Port Arthur and occupy Seoul – Russian Minister of the Interior Viacheslav Plehve assassinated – Russian fleet partially destroyed – Russians defeated in China, Rafael Reyes becomes dictator of Colombia, Heroros and Hottentots revolt in German South West Africa, Treaty between Bolivia and Chile, Theodore Roosevelt wins, Nikola Pasic becomes Serbian Prime Minister – nationalist anti-Austrian, death of Leslie Stephen English author, Writers: GK Chesterton, Joseph Conrad, WH Hudson, Jack London, Romain Rolland, James Barrie (Peter Pan), Anton Chekhov, Thomas Hardy, JM Synge, Elizabeth Forster-Nietzsche, Lafcadio Heard, Hermann Oncken, Freud, Max Weber (Protestant Ethic and birth od Capitalism), Max Halbe, Hermann Hesse, O Henry, Frank Wedekind, Henry James, LT Hobhouse, Chruch and State separated in France, Abbey Theater in Dublin founded, Max Beerbohm draws, Picasso paints, Henri Rousseau paints, Films include “LE Barbier de Seville” and “Le Damnation de Faust” death of composer Anton Dvorak, Delius composes, Puccini composes “Madame Butterfly”, Richard Strauss composes, First radio transmission of music at Austria, London Symphony Orchestra gives its first concert, Victor Herbert composes, Leos Janacek composes, Rutherford and Soddy postulate general theory of radioactivity, JPL Elster devises first practical radioactive cell, first use of ultraviolet lamps, WC Gorgas eradicates yellow fever in Panama Canal Zone, Work re-starts on Panama Canal, Rolls-Royce Company founded, Nobel Prizes – Rayleigh for physics and William ramsay for chemistry, Marie Curie writes about radioactive research, First telegraphic transmission of photographs, Sir John Fleming uses thermionic tube to generate radio waves, FS Kipping discovers silicones, World Series between Giants and Boston called off as a result to dispute with John McGraw, “Elwood” F Prior up wins Kentucky Derby, American Walter J Travis wins British amateur golf, US amateur won by H Chandler Egan – US open won by Will Anderson, 10-hour work day established in France, Paris Conference on white slave trade, Drink Licensing Laws in Britain, Broadway subway opened in New York, World Expo and first American Olympics in St. Louis, New York Policeman arrests woman for smoking cigarette in public, German industrialist Carl Duisberg creates IG Farben Company, Carl Lindstrom Company founded in Berlin for production of phonographs and records, Deaf and blind Helen Keller graduated from Radcliffe College, First trenches used in Russo-Japanese war, First Vanderbilt cup auto race won my Mercedes, National Ski Association of America formed in MI, Jean Jaures issues socialist newspaper, US Lawn Tennis Men’s Singles – Holcombe Ward and Women’s by may G. Sutton, Steerage rates for immigrants to US cut to ten dollars by foreign lines, First railroad tunnel under North River (Hudson) between Manhattan and New Jersey, Top song: I’m a Yankee Doodle Dandy” “Give My Regards to Broadway” “Meet Me St. Louis, Louis” “Un Bel Di Madame Butterfly”, Roosevelt honors Saints by having President Smith on stand at World’s Fair – discuss persecution of missionaries in Germany, Church actively supports Roosevelt – gets 61% of votes 1905 End of separation of church and state in France, end of Belgium scandal over Zaire, end of Russo-Japanese war, Kaiser William II visits Tangier and provokes crisis with France, Maji-Maji rebellion in Tanzania, Japan presses Korea to sign a treaty whereby Japan “protects” Korea, Japanese navy fights and defeats Russian fleet at Tsushima strait, Revolution in Russia, Norway breaks away from Sweden – elects King Haakon VII, Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan formed in Canada, British New Guinea becomes possession of Australia – renamed Papua, Earthquake in Italy, Earthquakes in India kill 20 K, Japan wins Russo-Japanese War, “Bloody Sunday” massacre between troops and workers in St. Petersburg, Tsar Nicholas II creates elected assembly, Russian troops lose 100,000 in five days amid retreats, Mata Hari in Paris, Vegas founded, Togo of Japan destroys Russian fleet, Norway and Sweden union dissolves, Connaught/Prussian princess marries prince of Sweden, Russian mutiny, Saskatchewan and Alberta CAN established, British Dreadnought ship revealed, triggering arms race, Tsar forced to grant constitution, Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King Haakon VII of Norway, Sinn Fein in Ireland founded for independence, Einstein publishes, Druidic rituals at Stonehenge begins, U-Boats made * Saints extol Teddy Roosevelt as fair and honest, second World Series, Nov - Ship runs aground near Duluth, MN causing sailors to freeze, End of Russo-Japanese war with U.S. moderating the treaty, Dominican Republic becomes U.S. protectorate. Death of German painter Adolf Menzel, death of Sir John Burdon-Sanderson the English physiologist, death of French author Jules Verne, death of American actor Joseph Jefferson, death of Alfred Waterhouse the English architect who used structural ironwork, death of Belgian painter and sculptor Constantin Meunier, death of German-American conductor Theodore Thomas, death of English actor Henry Irving, death of Scottish classical scholar Sir Richard C Jebb, death of French painter Berthe Morisot, Mongolia quake 8.4, Dorchester woman killed for murder Mary Channing killed in old Roman ampitheater, First national black paper founded in Chicago, Einstein introduces special theory of relativity, Revolution in Russia against Tsar, end of Picasso’s “blue period”, Port Arthur surrenders to the Japanese – Demonstrations in St. Petersburg brutally crushed by the police (“Bloody Sunday”) Russian defeats at Mukden and in Tsushima Straits – William II of Germany and Nicholas II sign treaty of Bjorko for mutual help in Europe – Imperial Duma (Russian Parliament) created – Treaty of Portsmouth ends war (Theodore Roosevelt mediates), General strike in Russia – first workers’ soviet formed in St. Petersburg – Sailors mutiny on battleship Potemkin – Czar’s “October Manifesto” establishes reforms, Louis Botha and “Het Volk” party demand responsible government in Transvaal and are dissatisfied with new constitution, Greeks in Crete revolt against Turks, Tangier Crisis precipitated by Kaiser’s visit, Norwegian parliament decides on separation from Sweden – Prince Charles of Denmark elected King Haakon VII of Norway, Anglo-Japanese alliance renewed for 10 years, Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan formed in Canada, Sinn Fein Party founded in Dublin, Theodore Roosevelt inaugurated for second term, Henry Campbell-Bannerman (Liberal) as Prime Minister of Britain, Sun Yat-Sen founds union of secret societies to expel Manchus from China, William Haywood and others found International Workers of the World (Wobblies), death of English actor Henry Irving, death of Jules Verne, death of American author Lew Wallace, Writers: Tristan Bernard, Strindberg, H.G. Wells, Edith Wharton, Oscar Wilde (posth), Richard Beer-Hoffmann, Hermann Hesse, F.T. Marinetti, Christian Morgenstern, Riike, EM Forster, Baroness Orczy (Scarlet Pimpernel), Wilhelm Dilthry, George Santayana, Bernard Shaw (play shut down after one performance for censor), Belasco produces “Girl of the Golden West” later made into opera by Puccini, Lenin writes, Cezanne paints, “Les Gaubes” christen by Louis Vauxcelles, Picasso arrives in Paris and begins “Pink Period” until 1906, Painters: Henri Rousseau, JS Sargent, W Holman Hunt, Matisse, death of German painter Adolf Menzel, first regular cinema established in Pittsburgh, French film “Potemkin”, Jacob Epstein the American sculptor settles in London, Debussy composes, Franz Lehar composes “The Merry Widow”, first American opera in Europe “Zenobia” by LA Coerne, Albert Schweitzer writes about J.S. Bach, Sir Thomas Beecham makes debut as music conductor in London, Victor Herbert composes “The Red Mill” operetta in New York, Albert Einstein formulates Special Theory of Relativity and establishes law of mass-energy equivalence – Brownian theory of motion and photon theory of light too, Sigmund Freud writes regarding theory of sex, Nobel prize for medicine awarded to Robert Koch, Rayon yarn manufactured commercially through viscose process, Ty Cobb begins major league baseball career, London Auto Association founded, Austin Motor Company founded in England, first motor busses in London – underground lines for Piccadilly and Bakerloo opened, first neon signs appear, World boxing champion James Jeffries retires undefeated, Cullinan diamond becomes largest found to that date at 3000 carats, Mount Wilson observatory completed in CA, Rotary Club founded, Second World Series, Russian fleet decimated by Japanese maneuvers, Top songs: “Daddy’s Little Girl” “In My Merry Oldsmobile” “Mary’s a Grand Old Name” “My Gal Sal” “In the Shade of the Old Apple Tree” , Saints extol Teddy Roosevelt as fair and honest, death by Ling Chi (slow cutting) outlawed in China 1906 SF Earthquake 7.8, Vacuum tube invented, Tripartite pact seeks to preserve integrity of Ethiopia, Liberal government comes to power in Britain, Navy arms race escalates in Europe, Alaska elects delegate to US Congress, Cuba occupied by US forces after a revolt, Britain and France rule over New Hebrides in Oceana, Florida Keys cyclone, Earthquake in Chile, Japanese earthquake, Cyclone and storm surge in Hong Kong, earthquake off coast of Colombia and Ecuador kills 1000 est 8.8, Typhoon hits Tahiti, British launch “Dreadnought” battleship, Traian Vuia flies self-propelled aircraft, Vesuvius erupts, Swedish riots, Irish crown jewels stolen, Hong Kong typhoon, S.O.S. created as universal help, San Francisco segregates Japanese, Roosevelt goes to Panama, First radio broadcast, first Tb immunizations, 2nd Geneva convention * Roosevelt extends open invitation to George Albert Smith, FDR fails the same law class that J. Reuben Clark passes, Hepburn Act gives Interstate Commerce Commission more authority, Pure Food and Drug Act passed, Vacuum tube invented, Congress passes Employers' Liability Act providing for worker's compensation - declared unconstitutional, Teddy Roosevelt receives Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating end of Russo-Japanese war, death of Belgian painter Alfred Stevens, death of Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen, death of American general John McAllister Schofield, death of American airplane pioneer Samuel P. Langley, death of American merchant and publisher Marshall Field, death of German liberal politician and Bismarck’s opponent, Eugen Richter, death of French painter Paul Cezanne, death of John K Paint the American musicologist, death of German philosopher Eduard von Hartmann, death of French historian Albert Sorel, death of Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, State Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs encorporates first black fraternity at Cornell, Frederick Hopkins identifies vitamins and their role in nutrition, First Russian Duma, Cézanne dies, death of French physicist Pierre Curie, Algeciras Conference gives France and Spain control of Morocco, Armand Fallieres elected President of France, Reform Laws promulgated in Russia – first meeting of Duma in May – dissolved in July, Joao Franco becomes Prime Minister of Spain – Giovanni Giolitti of Italy and Peter Stolypin of Russia, Alfred Dreyfus rehabilitated, Edward VIII of England and William II of Germany meet, Self-Government granted to the Transvaal and Orange River Colonies, All India Moslem League founded by Aga Khan, Magazine writer Maximilian Harden attacks Emperor William and corrupt court camarilla, death of German-American statesman Carl Schurz, Young Turks committee moves form Geneva to Salonika, US troops occupy Cuba after reconciliation following Liberal revolt fails, British ultimatum forces Turkey to cede Sinai Peninsula to Egypt, President Theodore Roosevelt visits Panama Canal, Plays and books: George M Cohan, Algernon Blackwood, John Galsworthy, Paul Claudel, Pinero, Karl Gjellerup, O Henry, Gerhart Hauptmann, Edgar Wallace, John Galsworthy, Upton Sinclair (The Jungle), LT Hobhouse, Albert Schweitzer (Quest of the Historical Jesus), Bernard Shaw (Man and Superman) (and others), Nazimova debuts in “Hedda Gabler”, Ruth St. Denis introduces modern dancing, death of American Negro poet, PL Dunbar, death of Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen, Andre Antoine takes over management of Odeon Theater in paris, death of French historian Albert Sorel, Winston S. Churchill writes about his father, “English Hymnal” collected, death of German philosopher Eduard von Hartmann, Jesuit general Franz X Wernz reforms the order, Art: Andre Derain, Georges Rouault, Aristide Maillol, Walter Sickert, death of Paul Cezanne, Composers: Massenet, Ethel Smyth, Ermanno Wolf- Ferrari, Max von Schillings, Elgar, Mozart Festival in Slazburg, Geraldine Farrar makes American musical debut, Fridtjof Nansen etc. writes about Norwegian North Pole Expedition, Patents Act and Merchant Shipping Act adopted in Britain, JJ Thomson awarded Nobel Prize for physics, Harden discovers cases of catalysis among enzymes, death of French physicist Pierre Curie, Clemens von Pirquet introduces term “allergy” to medicine, Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen determines position of magnetic north, US Pure Food and Durgs Ace, China and Britain agree to reduction of opium production, “Typhoid Mary” found and incarcerated, first redio program of voice and music broadcast in US by RA Fessenden, City populations – London 4.5 mil, New York 4 mil, Paris 2.7 mil, Berlin 2 mil, Tokyo 1.9 mil, Vienna 1.3 mil, Army strengths 13 mil Russia, Germany 7.9 mil, Austria-Hungary 7.4 mil, France 4.8 mil, Italy 3 mil, Night- shift work for women internationally forbidden, Beginning of Zuider Zee drainage scheme, Simplon Tunnel between Italy and Switzerland opened, HMS Dreadnought launched – HUGE, French Grand Prix race first run, The case of the cobbler Wilhelm Voight (Captain of Koepenick) in Berlin, San Francisco quake kills 700 with $400 million property loss, Top songs: “The Grand Old Rag” “Anchors Aweigh” “Keep On The Sunny Side” “Waltz Around Again Willie” “The Caissons Go Rolling Along”, Roosevelt extends open invitation to George Albert Smith, FDR fails the same law class that J. Reuben Clark passes 1907 Bakelite plastic invented, government of Mozambique organized, Emperor Kojong of Korea abdicated – succeeded by son Sujong, Run on US banks checked by JP Morgan, New Zealand becomes a dominion, first elections for national assembly in Philippines, Earthquake in Jamaica, Durma (Parliament) in Russia opens spurring 40,000 demonstrators, Plague hits San Francisco, Korea protected by Japan, New Zealand declared a dominion, Oklahoma made from Indian territories, Triode amplifier improves electronics, Herero Wars end, Parliamentary elections in Philippines * Roosevelt City, UT named, Roosevelt talks with Mission President while on parade – Mormons get greater respect, Dec - Europe's greatest earthquake destroys Messina, Sicily, killing 75,000, Apr - NY Giants forfeit to Phillies after Giants fans snowball PA team, False union set up for Vaudeville performers by owners, Ziegfeld's first version of "Follies" debuts, Financial panic and depression hits US, Philippines move toward independence from the U.S., death of English scientist Lord Kelvin – aka William Thomson, William Whiteley founder of London’s first department store murdered by blackmailer, death of British mathematician Edward J Routh, death of Hungarian violinist Joseph Juachim, death of British politician Viscount Goschen, death of English educator Thomas Fowler, death of Moncure D Conway the American abolitionist and journalist, death of Welsh poet Sir Lewis Morris, death of Russian chemist Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleyev, death of Italian poet and 1906 Nobel prize winner Giosue Carducci, death of American author T.B. Aldrich, death of German surgeon Ernst von Bergmann, death of English chemist William H Perkin, death of 1901 Nobel Prize winner and French poet RF Armand Sully- Prudhomme, death of Norwegian composer Edward Grieg, Chinese famine kills 24 million, Alain Locke becomes first black recipient of Rhodes Scholarship, Montessori establishes her first preschool in Rome, Robert Peary reaches N Pole, first mention of “brassiere” in Vogue magazine, death of German painter Paula Modersohn-Becker, Universal direct suffrage instituted in Austria, Second Russian Duma meets, - dissolved – third meets, English and French agree ion Siamese independence, Edward VII in Roe Paris and Marienbad where he meets with Russian Foreign Minister Izvolski, “open door” agreement in China between France and Japan, President Theodore Roosevelt bans Japanese from immigrating to US, Peace Conference at the Hague, Emperor of Korea abdicates – Japan granted protectorate over Korea, William II of Germany and Nicholas II of Russia meet at Swinemunde, OK becomes 46th state, Oscar II King of Sweden dies – son Gustavus V reigns, Lenin leaves Russia and founds newspaper “Proletarian”, Stalin captures 375 k rubles death of Shah of Persia – son Mohammed Ali reigns, Sun Yat-sen announces program of his Chinese Democratic Republic, Rasputin gains influence at court of Czar Nicholas II, Dutch complete occupation of Sumatra with defeat of Achinese tribe, New Zealand becomes dominion within British Empire, Panic of 1907 causes run on banks – stopped by JP Morgan’s importation of $100 million in gold from Europe, Death of JK Huysmans French novelist, death of French author Sully Prudhomme, Writers: Joseph Conrad, Maxim Gorki, Hans Bethge (German translation of Chinese poetry), Romain Rolland, Henri Bergson, William James, Alfred Adler, Strindberg, Jacinto Benavente, Nobel Prize for literature: Rudyard Kipling, Cambridge history of English literature, Papal encyclical condemns modernism, United Methodist Church established in Britain, First Cubist exhibition in Paris, Derain paint, Picasso paints, Henri Rousseau paints, Chagall paints, Edvard Munch paints, death of artist Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Films: “Skating” first where titles replace live commentator – slow-motion effect invented by August Musger, death of German violinist Joseph Joachim, death of composer Edvard Grieg, Delius composes, Paul Cukas composes, Oskar Straus composes, Leo Fall composes, Franz Lehar composes “The Merry Widow”, Gustav Mahler composes, first “Ziegfeld Follies” staged in New York, Ivan Pavlov studies conditioned reflexes, American pathologist Ross Harrison develops tissue culture techniques, Emil Fischer writes about the chemistry of proteins, Anschutz and Schuler improve the gyrocompass, Louis Lumiere develops process for color photography using three- color screen, death of Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleyev, death of German surgeon Ernst von Bergmann, Nobel Prize for Phusice A.A. Michelson, Baden- Powell founds Boy Scout movement, immigration to US restricted by law, Henry Deterding forms Royal Dutch Shell Company, SS Lusitania and mauretania launches – breaks transatlantic record with no 5 days 45 minutes, Crown Princess Louis of Sachsen divorces on grounds of adultery – marries Italian violinist Enrice Toselli, Cark Hagenbeck opens modern zoo in Hamburg-Stellingen, Billiards record set for highest break, Second Sunday in May established in Philadelphia as Mother’s Day, First daily comic “Mr. Mutt”, later “Mutt and Jeff” by Bud Fisher, popular songs: “Harrigan” “Shine On Harvest Moon” “On The Road to Mandalay”, Roosevelt City, UT named, Roosevelt talks with Mission President while on parade – Mormons get greater respect 1908 Earthquake Messina, Sicily kills 72 k, Model T produced by Ford, meteor explosion over Tunguska Siberia, Belgium takes over Congo Free State, Death of Chinese empress Cixi and the Guangxu emperor, Young Turk revolution, Carlos I of Portugal assassinated, Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ferdinand I proclaimed emperor of Bulgaria, Earthquake and tsunami in Sicily, end of Plague outbreak in India, Tunguska meteor in Siberia, first Times Square ball drop, Grand Canyon made national park, First long-distance radio broadcast from Eiffel Tower, Carlos I of Portugal and Prince Luis shot, Japanese immigration to US outlawed, British get new Prime Minister Herbert H. Asquith, Cooke, Peary arrive at N Pole, British hit oil in Persia, “Amalthea” ship explodes, FBI created, Bulgaria declares independence from Ottomans – Ferdinand I Tsar, Zionist colony in Palestine, Qing dynasty changes emperors, Model T developed * Taft defeats Bryan – Utah supports, Muckrakers continue to publish and Following the Color Line published, Staunton VA creates city manager form of government, Supreme Court decides in favor of management in Danbury Hatters' Strike case, A.L. of L. throws support entirely behind Democrats, painting Republicans as the party of privileges, death of French dramatist Victorien Sardou. Death of Daniel Colt Gilman the American Educator and president of Johns Hopkins U, death of German painter and poet Wilhelm Busch, death of American poet Edmund C Erdman, death of Edward Caird the Scottish philosopher and master of Balliol College at Oxford, death of British Liberal statesman Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, death of Grover Clevaland – twice president, death of Italian statesman Marchese Antonio de Rudini, death of Spanish naval commander in Spanish-American War Pascual Cervera, death of English novelist Ouida (Louise de la Ramee), death of American song writer James Rider Randall, death of American evangelist Ira D Sankey, death of French poet Francois Coppee, death of American playwright Bronson Howard, death of Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov the Russian composer, death of Spainish violinist Pablo de Sarasate y Navascues, Julia Ward Howe elected to American Academy of Arts and Letters, death of Italian novelist Edmondo De Amicis, Ferdinand I gains Belgium independence, Ford begins production of Model T, assembly lines, death of French physicist and 1903 Nobel prize winner Antoine Henri Becquerel, Converse shoe company founded, Plako “Zipper” invented by Gideon Sundback, end of Hereros and Hottentots revolt in German South-West Africa, Abdul Hafid proclaimed Sultan of Morocco – defeats enemy Abdul Aziz at Marrakesh, Aehrenthal the Austrian Foreign Minister and Izvolski the Russian Foreign Minister agree on Austria’s occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, King Carlos I of Portugal and crown prince both assassinated at Lisbon and Manuel II becomes king, HH Asquith becomes British Prime Minister with David Lloyd George Chancellor of the Exchequer, Edward VII and Nicholas II meet at Reval, Young Turks revolt at Resina in Macedonia – new Ottoman parliament with large Young Turk majority meets, Leopold II transfers the Congo (privately owned) to Belgium, Ferdinand I of Bulgaria assumes the title czar and declares country’s independence, Crete proclaims union with Greece, Union of South Africa established, Kaiser Wilhelm gives infamous interview in “The Daily Telegraph” where he offends basically the whole of Europe, William Howard Taft elected, death of Tzu-His the Dowager Empress of China, Dutch establish rule in Bali, death of US president Grover Cleveland, Writers: Gertrude Stein, Arnold Bennett, GK Chesterton, Colette, EM Forster (Room with a View), Anatole France, Kenneth Grahame (Wind in the Willows), Laurids Bruun, Lucy M Montgomery (Anne of Green Gables), Mary Roberts Rinehart, Jules Romains, Schnitzler, F Meinecke, G Sorel, Graham Wallas, Karl Liebknecht, death of Holger Drachmann, Death of English novelist Ouida, Isadora Duncan becomes popular interpreter of dance, Tiller Girls appear on London stage for first time, Painters: Marc Chagall, Maurice de Vlaminck, Augustus John, Kokoschka, Monet, Maurice Utrillo begins “White Period”, Artist Jacob Epstein’s “Figures” cause general indignation in London, New realism with the Ashcan School with Robert Henri, John Sloan, George Luks, William Glackens, George Bellows, Everett Shinn; First steel and glass building – Berlin, death of German painter and poet Wilhelm Busch, Mattisse coins term “cubism”, Film “Last Days of Pompeii”, Composers: Bela Bartok, Oskar Strauss, Leo Fall, Elgar, death of Rimsky- Korsakov, 11-year-old WE Korngold writes start of first ballet, death of Spanish violinist Sarasate, death of French physicist Henri Becquerel, Hermann Minkowski formulates four-dimensional geometry, Fritz Haber synthesizes ammonia, Nobel Prizes – Rutherford in Chemistry Mechnikov and Ehrlich in Medicine, Sven Gedin explores Persia and Tibet, H Kamerlingh Onnes liquefies helium, Bakelite invented by LH Baekeland in the US, Earthquake in S. Calabria and Sicily – 150,000 killed, London hosts Olympics – Americans dominate, Jack Johnson becomes first black world heavyweight boxing champion, Port of London Authority established, Lord Northcliffe buys “The Times” in London, Zeppelin disaster near Echterdingen, General Motors Corporation formed, Cairo U opened, New baseball regulation rules the spitball illegal, Ford Motor Company produces first Model “T”, WH Savens of Princeton becomes first American to play cricket for Gentlemen of England, first sighting of Manipogo the Lake Manitoba Monster in CAN, top songs: “Take Me Out to the Ball Game”, Taft defeats Bryan – Utah supports, Tunguska explosion levels 2150 square kilometers 1909 First aircraft crossing of English channel, end of reign of Ismael Montes in Bolivia and era of reforms, Franco-German agreement reached on Morocco, Liberia calls on US for financial assistance, Creation of separate labor party in New Zealand, Britain’s Peoples Budget increases taxes on wealthy, Bay City TX cyclone, Warrington FL cyclone, Cyclone hits Mexico, Colombia recognizes Panama’s independence, Shakleford reaches south pole, US troops withdraw from Cuba after Spanish American War, NAACP created, “Silver Dart” in Canada, Ham radio created, Former president Roosevelt goes on safari, Serbia accepts Austrian control of Islamic Bosnia-Herzegovina, British radio begins broadcasting, Halley’s Comet visible, Pearl Harbor established, Landsteiner develops blood type grouping * Roosevelt greatly praised after his presidency is over, Taft praised, Taft visits Utah, LDS in Mexico come to Texas to hear Taft – Camilla (Kimball) there, end of libel lawsuits by Annie Oakley – wins nearly all, Roosevelt proposes the ideas of good and bad trusts in relative to public interest, UT – Actor Edwin Booth born in Provo, death of English novelist George Meredith, death of American astronomer Simon Newcomb, death of American philosopher William T Harris editor of Webster’s dictionary, death of English poet Algernon Charles Swinburne, death of German statesman Friedrich von Holstein, death of German-English chemist and industrialist Ludwig Mond, WP Weston walks from New York to San Francisco at age 70, death of Polish- American actress Helena Modjeska, death of Japanese statesman and one of the creators of modern Japan Prince Ito Hirobumi, death of French actor-manager and the first Cyrano Benoit Coquelin, death of French writer Catulle Mendes, death of Danish microbiologist Emil Hansen, death of German poet Detlev von Liliencron, largest earthquake in France kills 46 at 6.2, first US federal legislation prohibiting narcotics (opium), NAACP created under WEB Du Bois, Peary and Henson reach North Pole, Frank Lloyd Wright's Robie House in Chicago, Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel opens her first shop, death of Leopold II of Belgium, end of Sultan Abdul Hamid II (of Turkey?), Turkey and Serbia recognize Austrian annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovinia, Taft inaugurated as #27, Sultan Abdul Hamid II deposed by Young Torks – succeeded by brother Mohammed V, Bethmann- Hollweg becomes German Chancellor – Aristide Briand the French Premier Sonnion Italian Prime Minister, Mohammed Ali Shah of Persia deposed – succeeded by Sultan Ahmed Shah age 12, Anglo-German discussions on control of Baghdad Railroad, King Leopold II of the Belgians dies – succeeded by Albert I, Civil War in Honduras, State visits of Edward VII to Berlin and Rome, death of English poet AC Swinburne, death of English novelist George Meredith, Writers: Maeterlinck, J Synge, Apollinaire, HG Wells, Thomas Mann, Jakob Wassermann, Ezra Pound, Ferenc Molnar, Lenin, William Beveridge, GM Trevelyanm death of German poet Detlev von Liliencron, Sigmund Freud lectures in US on psychoanalysis, Jewish world population – Russia 5.2 million Austria-Hungary 2 mil, US 1.7 mil, Germany 600 k, Turkey 400 k Britain 200k France 100k, Art: Bellows, Matisse, Sir William Orpen, Picasso, Frank Lloyd Wright designs Robie House in Chicago, Films – Carmen – first newsreels – Mary Pickford first in film, Cinematograph Licensing Act in Britain, death of Frederick Remington, death of artist Charles McKim, music – Delius, Strauss, Rimsky-Korsakov (posthum.) Mahler, R Vaughan Williams, Arnold Schonberg, Wolf-Gerrari, Franz Lehar, Sergei Diaghilev presents “Ballet Russe” for first time in Paris, Paul Erlich prepares Salvarsan for cure of syphilis, TH Morgan begins researches in genetics, Louis Bleriot crosses English Channel in 37 minutes in plane, English aviator Henri Farman completes first 100 mile flight, US explorer Robert E Peary reaches North Pole – Dr. Frederick Cook fails to prove he arrived a year earlier, Nobel Prizes – physics – Marconi Chemistry Ostwald, Rockefeller Sanitary Commission established – start of Rockefeller foundation, First commercial manufacture of Bakelite marks start of plastic age, Women admitted to German universities, Anglo-Persian Oil Company formed, Girl Guides established in Britain, King Edward VII’s horse Minoru wins Derby, First permanent waves given in London by hairdressers, first six-day bicycle race held in Berlin, American businessman HG Selfridge opens department store in London, popular songs: “Put on Your Old Grey Bonnet” “The Whiffenpoof Song” “I Wonder Who’s Kissing Her Now””By the Light of the Silvery Moon” “Casey Jones” “Uncle Josh in Society”, Roosevelt greatly praised after his presidency is over, Taft praised, Taft visits Utah, LDS in Mexico come to Texas to hear Taft – Camilla (Kimball) there 1910 Avalanche in Wellington WA – Cascade mountains kills 96, End of reign of Rama V of Thailand after 42 years, Union of S Africa, Portuguese revolution ends monarchy, In Australian general election Labour party under Andrew Fisher wins, Death of Edward VII in Britain, George V reigns, Rockerfeller retires to become a philanthropist, first sea plane created, Glacier National Park created, Halley’s Comet Tail, South Africa created, first Zeppelin, France protests public executions, Black boxer Jack Johnson defeats white – race riots result, “Paul Bunyan,” Japan annexes Korea, the McNamaras arrested for bombing, Portugal becomes a republic, Mexican revolution, Jet engine developed, Bubonic plague in Manturia, TNT developed * Taft appoints J Reuben Clark as member of Department of State, Buffalo Bill buys mine in AZ - fails Aug - Fires in ID and MT blow smoke into Pacific, Annie Oakley rejoins Wild West Shows age 50 – crowds small due to movies, Manns-Elkins Act puts telephone, telegraph, and communication lines under Federal control, NY passes successful Worker Compensation plan, Freedom of Contract by Supreme Court bans limits on workweeks, Mexican revolution against President Diaz - Francisco Madero became president, death of American author Julia Ward Howe, death of Florence Nightingale the English nurse, death of Mary Baker Eddy – founder of Christian Science, death of English painter William Holman Hunt, death of Jean Henri Dunant the Swiss humanitarian and founder of the Red Cross, death of Russian author Count Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoi, death of American sculptor John Quincy Adams Ward, death of German novelist Wilhelm Raabe, death of Norwegian poet and dramatist Bjornstjerne Bjornson, death of Scottish painter Sir William Orchardson, death of American painter John La Farge, death of Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli, death of Mark Twain – Samuel Langhorne Clemens, death of Winslow Homer the American painter, death of Russian composer and founder of “Great Five” Mily Balakirev, death of German physicist FW Kohlrausch, death of German musical scholar Franz Xavier Haberl, death of Edward VII son of Queen Victoria, death of American philosopher and psychologist William James, death of 1905 Nobel Prizez winner for medicine Robert Koch, death of French painter Henri Rousseau, death of English cartoonist EL Sambourne, NAACP begins Crisis magazine, Monarchy overthrown in Portugal, Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell publish regarding mathematics, Henri Fabre launches hydrovion seaplane, Lee Deforest broadcasts operas from Met in New York, End of battles for African colonies, Mark Twain dies, death of German actor Joseph Kainz, Egyptian premier Butros Ghali assassinated, Louis Botha and James Hertzog found South African Party – Star Jameson founds Unionist Party – Union of South Africa becomes a dominion within the British Empire with Botha as premier, Revolt in Albania, death of King Edward VII – George V rules, Japan annexes Korea, Montenegro proclaimed kingdom under Nicholas I , Revolution in Portugal = King Manuel II flees to England Portugal becomes a republic, Benizelos named Premier of Greece, US Congress passes Mann Act – prohibits transportation of women across state lines for immoral purposes, China abolishes slavery, Writers: Arnold Bennett, Paul Claudel, EM Forster (Howard’s End), Charles Pierre Peguy, HG Wells, Karl May, Frank Wedekind, John Galsworthy, Karin Michaelis, Sir Edward Durning- Lawrence, Irving Fisher, Sir Norman Angell, death of Mark Twain, death of Leo Tolstoi, death of Wilhelm Raabe, death of German actor Josef Kainz, death of Norwegian poet Bjornstjerne Bjornson, death of William James the American phychologist and philosopher, death of Mary Baker Eddy of Christian Science, death of American suffragist Julia Ward Howe, Art: Fernand Leger, Amedeo Modigliani, Gaston Lachaise, John Marin, Joseph Stella, Abraham Walkowitz, Max Weber, William Zorach, Robert Delaunay, Oskar Kokoschika, death of Winslow Homer, death of artist John La Farge, Roger Fry arranges Post- Impressionist Expo in London, death of English artist William Holman Hunt, death of French painter Henri Rousseau, Frank Lloyd Wright becomes well known in Europe, Films – “Child of the Ghetto” “Messaline” “Lucrezia Borgia”, “Hamlet”, “Peter the Great”, Music: Elgar, Puccini, R Vaughan Williams, Stravinsky, Alban Berg, Busoni, Jean Gilbert, Massenet, Franz Lehar, Victer Herbert – operetta, Thomas Beecham’s first opera season at Covent garden in London, S Americantango gains popularity in Europe and US, Marie Curie writes treatise on radiography, Arthur Evans completes excavation of Cnossus Crete, Prince Albert I of Monaco founds Institute for Oceanography, Murray and Hjort undertake first deap-sea expedition, death of Robert Koch the German physician and bacteriologist, JJ Thomson’s work on deflection of “positive rays” in magnetic field, Halley’s comet observed, death of Florence Nightingale, 122k telephones in Britain, US Postal Savings program established, English wife poisoner HH Crippen executed, First labour exchanges open in Britain, Manhattan Bridge completed, death of Jean Henri Dunant founder of Red Cross, Farman flies about 300 miles in 8 hours 15 min, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace established, “Week-end” becomes popular in the US, Speed record – 133 mph by Barney Oldfield at Daytona Beach FL, Father’s Day first celebrated in Spokane WA, Jack Johnson wins heavyweight title, Top songs: “America the Beautiful” “Let Me Call You Sweetheart” “Ah! Sweet Mystery of Life” “Topsy Song”, Taft appoints J Reuben Clark as member of Department of State 1911 End of rule of President Diaz of Mexico, Chinese rebellion against Manchus, President Diaz of Mexico overthrown, Universal military training established in New Zealand, House of Lords deposed as chief power and House of Commons reigns supreme, Flooding in Yangtze River China kills 100 k, eruption in Mt. Taal Philippines kills 1335, Australia’s North Territory created, Scots v. Russ. Shootout in London, Denmark abolishes death penalty, Standard Oil Company monopoly declared unconstitutional, IBM company created, German warship invades Moroccan port, Mona Lisa stolen, French ship explodes, WuChang Uprising in China, Italy declares war on Turkey and annexes Tripoli and Cyrenacia, Sun Yat-Sen becomes president of China ending Qing dynasty, 1st Solvay Congress of physicists, Machu Picchu discovered * T Roosevelt writes a letter published in Colliers refuting anti-Mormons, Mexican-American War – US sends troops cautiously, Saints meet with President, Taft visits SLC – Hotel Utah, twice, Tabernacle choir performs for president, Buffalo Bill working in St. Louis decided to make movie, Jan - Temperature falls 47 degrees Fahrenheit in 15 minutes in Rapid City SD, Jan - Tamarack, CA sets all-time U.S. monthly snowfall record with 390 inches, Irving Berlin composes ragtime, Supreme Court adopts T. Roosevelt's ideas regarding good and bad trusts, Shoshone and Roosevelt Dams built, WI creates second successful Worker Compensation plan, death of Dutch painter Joseph Israels, death of German sculptor Reinhold Begas, death of German Kantian philosopher Wilhelm Dilthey, death of English librettist and satirist WS Gilbert, death of French-English painter and etcher Alphonse Legros, death of English mountaineer and first to gain top of Chimborazo - Edward Whymper, death of English politician Sir Charles Dilke, 6.5 CA quake, National Urban League founded, Emiliano Zapata proposes Plan of Ayala, Amundsen reaches south pole, Victor Hess detects cosmic rays, Rutherford and Marsden discover structure of the atom, death of painter Firtz von Uhde, Mexican Revolution defeats Porfirio Dìaz, Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore wins Nobel Prize, death of Nobel Prize winner (1901) Dutch physicist JH vant Hoff, death of German composer Gustav Mahler, Chinese revolution, end of Civil War in Honduras, Ramsay MacDonald elected chair of British Labour Party, US-Japanese and Anglo-Japanese commercial treaties signed, Armistice ends Mexican Civil War, Lloyd George introduces National Health Insurance Bill in Parliament, Coronation of King George V and dubar in Delhi, India, Joseph Caillaux named Premier of France, Arrival of German gunboat Panther in Agadir created international crisis, Liberal constitution promulgated in Portugal, Kaiser’s Hamburg speech asserts Germany’s “Place in the Sun”, Peter Stolypin the Russian Premier assassinated, Beginning of Turkish-Italian war – Italian fleet bombards Tripoli coast – first use of aircraft for offensive measures – Italy annexes Tripoli and Cyreniaca and decisively defeats Turks, Revolution in Central China – Chcinese Republic proclaimed – pigtails abolished, calendar reformed, Manchu dynasty falls (in power since 1644), Sun Yat-sen elected president – appoints Chiang Kai-shek his military adviser, Winston S. Churchill appointed First Lord of the Admirality, Karl von Sturgkh named Austrian Prime Minister, General Joseph Joffre becomes Chief of French General Staff, Writers: Max Beerbohm, Rupert Brooke, Theodire Dreiser, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, DH Lawrence, Katherine Mansfield, Saki, Hugh Walpole, HG Wells, Edith Wharton, Carl Sternheim, GK Chesterton, Ezra Pound, Hans Vaihinger, JM Thompson, Friedrich Fundolf, Frank William Taussig, death of Sullivan’s librettist WS Gilbert, Nobel Prize for literature Maeterlinck, Cambridge Medieval History appears, death of German philosopher Wilhelm Dilthey, Painters: Renoir, Georges Braque, Matisse, Paul Klee, Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa stolen, Jacob Epstein creates tonb of Oscar Wilde in Paris, death of Sutch painter Joseph Israels, Films – Anna Karenina, Spartacus, Pinocchio, Nick Carter, Enoch Arden, The Abyss, death of musician Gustav Mahler, Music: Edward Elgar, Mahler, Richard Strauss, Wolf-Ferrari, Arnold Schonberg, Irving Berlin, Lehar, Ravel, Stravinski, Richard Wagner (posth), Emile Jaques-Dalcroze founds institute for teaching of eurhythmics in Germany, Roals Amundsen reaches S Pole, Nobel Prize for Chemistry – Marie Curie, Jacobus Henricus van’t Hoff the Dutch scientist dies, Rutherford formulates theory of atomic structure, Charles F Kettering develops electronic self-starter for autos, First presentation of Gordon- Bennet International Aviation Cup, British Official Secrets Act becomes law, First flight from Munich to Berlin reaches record height of 12,800 feet, Temperature in London reaches 100 degrees F – first. Robert T Jones of Atlanta GA age 9 wins Junior Championship – goes on to great career, death of Jack Daniels from nasty stubbed toe, popular songs: “I Want to be in Dixie”, “Alexander’s Ragtime Band” “Bye Bye My Honey”, T Roosevelt writes a letter published in Colliers refuting anti-Mormons, Mexican-American War – US sends troops cautiously, Saints meet with President, Taft visits SLC – Hotel Utah, twice, Tabernacle choir performs for president 1912 End Meiji period of Japan, New loans to Liberia coupled with US control over customs, French makes Morocco a protectorate at Treaty of Fez, Chinese republic established and Sun Yat-sen first president (but warlords gain power) as Manchu dynasty ends, Taisho period begins in Japan, Japan builds first dreadnought battleship, Balkan wars begin, Alaska names US territory, AZ and NM names states, secret ballot and universal suffrage in Argentina, Katmai AK eruption, Cyclone in Jamaica, Cyclone hits Taiwan, Novarupta eruption (AK Katmai), China officially becomes Republic of China - End of China’s Manchus dynasty, Scott arrives at South Pole, Italians use airships in Turkey, Amundsen reaches S Pole, France becomes protectorate over Morocco, Titanic, Britain develops an air force, US Marines invade Cuba, End Meiji era in Japan and Yoshihito becomes emperor, Chinese nationalist party develops, Balkan War begins when Montenegro attacks Turkey, Khios independence from Ottomans, Spain becomes protectorate over Morocco, Albania becomes independent from Ottomans, End of first Balkan War * Roosevelt loses in Utah because Smoot convinces Saints that Taft would win, and we should support, Saints free to make up own political minds, but President Smith supports Taft – Wilson wins election, but Taft wins in Utah, Mar - 25 inches of snow in 24 hours in Kansas City, MO, Republican party splits as Roosevelt opposes Taft, Socialists win elections in many states, Wilson becomes a minority president because of election split, MA invents minimum wage, UT – first traffic light invented in SLC, death of English surgeon Joseph Lister, death of Salvation Army founded William Booth, death of English politician and wit Henry Labouchere, death of H.H. Furness the American scholar and Shakespearian writer, death of German novelist and historian Felix Dahn, death of English philologist W.W. Skeat, death of Dutch-English painter Lawrence Alma-Tadema, death of English housing reformer Octavia Hill, death of codesigner of Berlin Reichstag Paul Wallot, death of German author of boys stories Karl May, death of French composer Jules Massenet, death of Scottish writer Andrew land, death of German botanist Eduard Strasburger, Indonesia’s Mt. Kelut erupts killing over 5000, First published blues song goes on sale – W.C. Handy’s “Memphis Blues”, Wegener proposes continental drift, death of English journalist WT Stead, death of Swedish poet August Stringberg, first Balkan War against Ottomans, Titanic sinks, Thomas Mann's "Death in Venice", death of French mathematician and philosopher Henri Poincare, death of English Antarctic explorer RF Scott, death of English composer Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, death of writer Bram Stoker, Raimond Poincare becomes French Premier, AZ and NM states, British coal strike – London dock strike and transport workers’ strike, Turkey closes Dardanelles to shipping, Tewfik Pasha becomes Grand Vizier of Persia, Montenegro declares war on Turkey – Bulgaria and Serbia mobilize armies – Turkey asks Powers for intervention in Balkan war – Armistice between Bulgaris Serbia Montenegro and Turkey, Treaty of Lausanne signed between Italy and France, Woodrow Wilson elected, Nobel Peace Prize Elihu Root (US), German-Austria-Italian alliance renewed, death of King Frederick VIII of Denmark – Christian X rules, Lenin establishes connection with Stalin and takes over “Pravda” news, Textile workers strike in Lawrence MA showing power of IWW, Sun Yat-sen founds Kuomintang (Chinese National Party), Emper Mutsuhito of Japan dies and Yodhihito rules, Writers: EM Dell, Gerhart Hauptmann, Pierre Loti, Compton Mackenzie, Rebindranath Tagore, Paul Claudel, Arthur Schnitzler, John M Synge, Alfred Adler, CG Jung, Haul Haberlin, F Oppenheimer, E Maunde Thompson, Edmund C Bentley, Amy Lowell, death of Swedish dramatist August Strindberg, Nobel Prize for Literature Gerhart Hauptmann, death of German novelist Felix Dahn, death of German author Karl May, Poetry magazine founded in Chicago, Church of Scotland revises prayer book, Art: Marc Chagall, Picasso, Franz Marc, Modigliani (sculpt), Lovis Corinth, Duncan Grant, Peter Pan statue erected in London, Cinema: Quo Vadis, War and Peace, Dance of Death, Queen Elizabeth (with Sarah Bernhardt), London 400 cinemas, US cinemas have 5 million people visiting daily, death of composer Jules Massenet, death of English composer Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, Music: Ravel, Delius, Schonberg, Richard Strauss, Franz Schreker, Rudolf Friml, Leopold Stokowski named conductor of Philadelphia Symphony, Polish chemist Kasimir Funk coins term “vitamine”, Edwin Bradenberger invents a process for manufacturing cellophane, RF Scott reaches S Pole, death of English surgeon Lord Joseph Lister, V Stegansson and R Anderson explore Arctic Canada, Wilson’s cloud-chamber photographs lead to detection of protons and electrond, Debye propounds theory of specific heat of solids, Viktor F Hess discovers cosmic radiation, Paul Ehrlich introduces acriflavine as antiseptic, Nobel Prize for Medicine Dr. Alexis Carrel, RAF (Royal Flying Corps) established in Britain, GPO takes over British telephone systems, Titanic sinks and 1,513 die, Remains of Piltdown Man “found” near Lewes England- later proved hoax in 1953, Olympic Games held in Stockholm, Germany claims to have 30,000 millionaires, FW Woolworth Company founded, first successful parachute jump, International Lawn Tennis Federation formed, Jim Thorpe named outstanding Olympic sportsman but records and awards stripped when discovered that he played semi- professional baseball, Radio Act assigns 3+4 letter codes to radio stations, top songs: “When Irish Eyes are Smiling” “Frankie and Johnny” “Scott Joplin’s New Rag” “IT’s a Long, Long Way to Tipperary” “Ragtime Cowboy Joe” “The Memphis Blues” “The Rose of Tralee” “My Melancholy Baby” “Beans! Beans!! Beans!!!”, Roosevelt loses in Utah because Smoot convinces Saints that Taft would win, and we should support, Saints free to make up own political minds, but President Smith supports Taft – Wilson wins election, but Taft wins in Utah 1913 Drought at horn of AFR, Stainless steel invented in Britain, South African laws preserves 87% of land to whites, China recognizes Outer Mongolia as independent, Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore awarded Nobel Lit. prize, end of Balkan Wars, Coup d’etat of Young Turks in Turkey, Wallis Islands becomes French protectorate (Oceana), Foundation of United Federation of Labour and Social Democratic party in New Zealand, Dayton OH flood, Galveston TX cyclone, House of Lords rejects Irish independence, Romanoff 300 anniversary, George I of Greece assassinated, Sung Chiao-Jen of Chinese nationalist party assassinated, Balkan War – Bulgarians take Adrianople, Panama canal finished, insane Otto of Bavaria deposed, Mohandas Gandhi arrested, assembly-line manufacturing at Ford, Mona Lisa returned to Louvre, Greece annexes Crete * Senator Reed Smoot attends Wilson’s inauguration, Smoot meets with Wilson to keep out of War of Mexico, Wild West Show of Buffalo Bill’s bankrupts – Cody must work in circus to pay bills, Annie Oakley retires – somewhat, Mar - Tornado forms over Easter party in NEB, Oct - Deadliest tornado in the United Kingdom, Tariff Act creates graduated income tax of 1 to 6 percent, Federal Reserve Act unifies banks, Mexican president Madero assassinated by Huerta who becomes president, death of Mark Rutherford – also known as William Hale White the English philosopher, death of Hungarian writer and traveler Armin Vambery, death of British poet laureate Alfred Austin, death of J Pierpont Morgan the American financier and banker, death of cofounder of German Social Democratic Party August Bebel, death of Irish astronomer Sir Robert Ball, death of American sociologist Lester F Ward, death of Irish critic Edward Dowden, death of German animal trainer and circus director and founder of hamburg Zoo Karl Hagenbeck, Possible tsunami in NJ, ITA 73 stampeded in crowded hall, Great Lakes region – storms kill over 250, assembly line resuces creation of the Model T to 93 minutes, Second Balkan War - Bulgaria fights Serbia and Greece, Armory Show (modernist art) in New York, Stravinsky's "The Rite of Spring", death of German auto engineer Rudolf Diesel, Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel opens boutique that would make her famous, death of Menelik II Emperor of Abyssinia – succeeded by Lij Yasu, Raymond Poincare elected President of France – visits England, Aristide Briand becomes French Premier, Suffragette demonstrations in London – Mrs. Pankhurst sentenced for inciting persons to place explosive in Lloyd George’s house, Federal income tax introduced in the US – 16th amendment, Woodrow Wilson inaugurated, King George I of Greece assassinated succeeded by Constantine I, Balkan War – Bulgarians take Adrianople and Turkey digns armistice – London Peace treaty between Turkey and Balkan States signed – outbreak of second B alkan War – Bulgarian attacks on Serbia and Greece – Russia declares war on Bulgaria – Turks recapture Adrianople – armistice signed at Bucharest – Bulgarian-Turkish treaty on frontier in Thrace – Serbia invades Albania – Peace treaty between Greece and Turkey, Yuan Shih-kai elected President of Chinese Republic, Mahatma Gandhi arrested, “Zabern affair” in Alsace-Lorraine endangers relations between France and Germany, US Federal Reserve System established, death of August Bebel leader of German Social Democrats dies – succeeded by Friedrich Ebert, Writers: Willa Cather, DH Lawrence, Thomas Mann, Marcel Proust, Edith Wharton, Luigi Pirandello, Shaw (Pygmalion), Maxim Gorki, Berhard Kellermann, Miguel de Unamundo, Japsers, WC Mitchell, Edmund Husserl, Sigmund Freud (Totem and Taboo), Russell and Whitehead, Jack London, Robert Frost, Eleanor H Porter (Pollyanna), Irene and Vernon Castle the dancers make debut in New York , “Goetheanum” founded in SWI – anthroposophy, Art: “Armory Show” introduces Postimpressionism and cubism to New York, Artists: Walter Sickert, Stanley Spencer, JS Sargent, Apollinaire, Woolworth Building NY designed, Grand Central Terminal opens in NY, Films: The Vampire, The Squaw Man (Cecil B De Mille), Der Student von Prag (Charlie Chaplin), Music: De Falla, Scriabin, Stravinsky, Debussy, Elgar (Falstaff), Bruno Walter becomes director of Munich Opera, Jack Judge writes “Tipperary”, Bictor Herbert writes “Sweethearts” operetta NY, JJ Thompson writes about positive electric rays, H Geiger creates device for detecting alpha waves, Niels Bohr formulates theory of atomic structure, Frederick Soddy coins “isotope”, Diphtheria immunity test discovered by Bela Schick, Composition of chlorophyll discovered by Richard Willstatter, Vitamin A isolated at Yale, death of Austrian physicist Robert Lieben, HN Russell formulates theory of stellar evolution, Friedrich Bergius converts coal dust into oil, Max Bodenstein formulates concept of chemical chain reaction, Rene Lorin states basic ideas of jet propulsion, Chemical element protactinium discovered, Ivar Kreuger founds Swedish Match Company, “Imperator” the German turbine liner begins service, Albert Schweitzer opens hospital in French Congo, Zippers become popular, “New Statesman” founded in London, foxtrot dance comes into fashion, J Pierpont Morgan dies, Henry Ford pioneers new assembly-line techniques in car factory, First woman magistrate sworn in in England, Walter Hagen appears on US golf scene, John D Rockerfeller founds Rockefeller Institute with grant of 100 million, Top songs: “Danny Boy” “Too-Ra-Loo-Ra-Loo-Ral” “Rite of Spring” “Peg O’ My Heart” “Ballin’ The Jack” “Hungarian Rag” “And Then” , Senator Reed Smoot attends Wilson’s inauguration, Smoot meets with Wilson to keep out of War of Mexico 1914 Drought begins in SW Australia, Drought at horn of AFR, Britain and France occupy German colonies in W Africa, Assassination of heir to Austrian throne in Sarajevo, Battle of the Marne, Battle of Tannenberg between Germans and Russians ends in German victory, Panama canal opened, Completion of Grand Trunk Pacific Railway in Canada, Irish Home Rule bill passed, but suspended due to WWI, Eruption in Philippines, Tsunami hits Japan, Apr – 3000 US marines in MEX, Hellenic holocaust in Ottoman empire, US meets with Kaiser, Archduke Ferdinand assassinated Jun, Emperor Franz Joseph of Austro-Hungary declares war on Serbia, Russia joins war as Serbian ally, French pacifist assassinated, Germany declares war on Russia, France and Belgium, Britain declares war on Germany, Germans stopped in France, trench warfare begun, “Christmas Truce” Panama canal opens Aug US annexes Cyprus, Jehovah’s Witnesses predict end of the world, New Orleans gets 7 new pumps * Harding elected senator from Ohio and becomes friends with Reed Smoot, Annie Oakley starts promoting firearms for women, Antitrust laws strengthened, The Birth of a Nation debuts on film, Ford doubles wages of his workers, stimulating local economies and giving workers spare money, U.S. sailors arrested in Mexico, prompting marine occupation of Veracruz, inciting anti-US sentiment and the ABC mediation... MEX president Huerta retires and Carranza becomes president of Mexico, death of English illustrator Sir John Tenniel, death of Sir Joseph Swan the English chemist and electrician – inventor of carbon filament, death of American printer and typographer Theodore De Vinne, death of American physician Silas Weir Mitchell, death of Field Marshal Earl Roberts of Britain, death of English poet and critic Theodore Watts-Dunton, death of British statesman Joseph Chamberlain, death of Scottish-American naturalist John Muir, death of American philosopher of pragmatism Charles S Peirce, death of Italian pianist and composer Giovanni Sgambati, death of American writer Ambrose Bierce, death of 1905 Nobel Peace Prize recipient and Austrian writer Bertha von Suttner, George Washington Carver publishes research on peanuts and sweet potatoes, Panama Canal opened and completed, ASCAP founded, Franz Ferdinand assassinated, Austria battles Serbia, Britain Russia and France battle Germany, Panama Canal opens, US invades Mexico, death of French socialist politician Jean Leon Jaures, death of King Carol of Romania, death of German poet Christian Morgenstern, death of Pope Pius X, Book: Gustav Meyrink (Der Golem), Northern and Southern Nigeria unite, Calmette-Caillaux affair in France – Mme. Caillaux kills Gaston Calmette, Gen. Zamon becomes President of Haiti, Peace treaty between Serbia and Turkey, WWI – Archduke Ferdinand (heir) and wife assassinated – Austro-Hungarian ultimatum to Serbia – war declared – Jean Jaures pacifist and socialist murdered in Paris, Germany declares war on Russia and France and invades Belgium, Britain declares war on Germany – Austria declares war on Russia – Serbia and Montenegro declare war on Germany – British troops land in France – France and Britain declare war on Austria – Austria declares war on Turkey, France and Britain declare war on Turkey, Russians invade E Prussia – Germany occupies Liege – German warships Breslau and Goeben escape through Dardanelles, Germans in Brussels – Battles of Manur and Mons – Germans occupy Lille- Russians defeated at Tannenberg – Germans occupy Rheims – Battle of Marne – Germans retreat – Russians defeated in battle of Masurian Lakes, Hindenburg appoints German commander in the east – Russians invade Hungary – Germans in Antwerp – first battle of Ypres – Austrians take Belgrade and are driven out again, Germans take Lodz in Poland, Gandhi returns to Insia and supports government, Party of US Marines land at Tampico MEX for supplies and are detained – released 1.5 hours later and Admiral Mayo demands 21 gun salute to American flag – refused by President Huerta- Wilson sends US fleet to Tampico – US Marines occupy Very Cruz – Huerta resigns ending incident, Writers – Francis Brett Young, Joseph Conrad, james Joyce, Joyce Kilmer (Trees), George Moore, Theodore Dreiser, Robert Frost, Andre Gide, Elmer Rice (first use of flashback), Anton WIldgans, Paul Bourget, ER Burroughs (Tarzan), Booth Tarkington, Bachel Lindsay, Edwin Cannan, Bertrand Russell, Austin Dobson, Magnus Hirschfeld, death of Georg Trakl and Bertha von Suttner the Austrian writers, death of French poet Frederic Mistral, death of German authors Paul Heyse and Christian Morgenstern, death of Pope Pius X Cardinal della Chiesa names Pope Benedict XV, Art: Augustus John, Matisse, Braque, Henry Bacon designs Lincoln Memorial in D.C. death of English cartoonist John Tenniel, Films – Charlie Chaplin in “Making a Living” and “Tillie’s Punctured Romance”, “The Golem” “The Destruction of Carthage” “the Little Angel”, death of German painter August Macke, Music: Irving Berlin, Rutland Boughton, Baughan Williams, Paul Graener, Richard Strauss, Stravinski, death of Austrian composer Richard Heuberger, Italian tenor Beniamino Gigli makes debut, American Society of Composers Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) founded, JH Jeans writes about radiation and quantum theory, Fertilization through peat discovered by Bottomley, CD Broad writes about perception physics and reality, Robert H Goddard (USA) begins rocketry experiments, EC Kendall prepares pure thyroxin for treatment of thyroid deficiencies, John B Watson writes about behavior and psychology, Nobel Prize for Chemistry Theodore W Richards, US Court decides patent suit on airplanes in favor of Wright Brothers against Glenn Curtiss, Dr. Alexis Carrel performs first successful heart surgery on dog, Cape Cod Canal opens between Cape Cod and Buzzard’s Bay, Bank of England authorized to issue money in excess of statutory limit, St. Petersburg changed to Petrograd, Panama Canal opens, EH Shackleton leads Antarctic expedition, Jack Dempsey begins fighting under name “Kid Blackey”, US Federal Trade Commission established to police business practices in interstate commerce, 10.5 million immigrants enter US from SE Europe between 1905 and now, Yale Bowl opened seating 80k, popular songs: “Colonel Bogey March” “Saint Louis Blues” “Play A Simple Melody” “Syncopated Walk” “Twelfth Street Rag” “Blame It on the Blues” “Missouri Waltz”, Harding elected senator from Ohio and becomes friends with Reed Smoot 1915 Germans start submarine campaign to blockade British, Dardanelles Campaign – British try to force passage to Constantinople, Britain annexes Gilbert and Ellice islands in Oceana, Ottoman Turks kill one million Armenians in genocide, Earthquake in Italy, German zeppelins over England, German blockade, Allies begin battle for Gallipoli, U Boat sinks Lusitania, Tsar Nicholas takes command of Russian armies, British use gas, but wind shifts, Haig becomes British commander, Allies withdraw from Gallipoli * Former president Taft visits Utah again, Jun - AK hits 100 degree temps at Ft. Yukon, Aug - 20 inches of rain cause flooding in Erie PA, death of Teodor Leschetitzky the Polish-Viennese pianist, death of English chemist Henry E Roscoe, death of French composer Emile Waldteufel, death of Scottish philologist and dictionary editor Sir James Murray, death of English bestselling novelist Mary Elizabeth Braddon, death of American scholar and educator Thomas R Lounsbury, death of French socialist politician Edouard Vallant, death of English Biblical scholar TK Cheyne, death of German patriotic painter Anton von Werner, death of Anthony Comstock the US reformer, NV quake 7.1, Approximate beginnings of black migration – spurred on by WWI, DW Griffith releases “The Clansman” later “Birth of a Nation”, Germans infect livestock with glanders and anthrax and send them to neutral nations, Einstein introduces general theory of relativity, Bell speaks with Thomas Watson over intercontinental phone line, death of English cricket player WG Grace, Turkish massacre of Armenians, Germans pioneer use of poisonous gas in warfare, Alfred Wegener proposes continental Drift Theory in German, death of German biochemist Paul Erlich, death of American inventor Frederick W Taylor, British socialist leader Keir Hardie dies, death of Russian composer Alexander Scriabin, death of English poet and dramatist JE Glecker, WWI – German airship pbombs E Anglian ports – cruiser Blucher is sunk at Dogger Bank – First German submarine attack – Le Havre – Germans take Memel – German blockade of England begins – Russians take Przemysl Galicia – Second Battle of Ypres – Anglo-French landings at Gallipoli – Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary and Turkey – Germans sink Lusitania – first Zeppelin attack on London – Mesopotamia surrenders to Britain – first Battle of the Isonzo – Second Battle of Isonzo – Germans in Warsaw and Brest-Litovsk – Czar Nicholas II take ober command of Russian army – Allied troops at Salonika – execution of Edith Cavell in Brussels – Third and fourth Battles of Isonzo – Joseph Joffre becomes French Commander-in-Chief – Doublas Haig becomes British Commander in Chief in France, Britain’s merchant shipping losses during the war amount to over a million tons. Erich Muenter the German instructor at Cornell U plants bomb that destroys US Senate reception room then shoots J Pierpont Morgan Jr. and commits suicide, US recognizes government of President Venustiano Carranza of Mexico, Writers – Van Wyck, John Buchan, Paul Claudel, DH Lawrence, W Somerset Maugham, Ezra Pound, Hermann Hesse, Edgar Lee Masters, Robert Frost, death of British poet James Elroy Flecker, death of English poet Rupert Brooke, Nobel Prize for Literature Romain Rolland, Washington Square Players – Neighborhood Players and Provincetown players established, Wlodimierz Haika von Ledochowski becomes general of the Jesuits, Arts: Raoul Dufy, Chagall, FOrst Dada-style paintings by Marcel Duchamp, Films – “Birth of a Nation” “Carmen” (Cecil B De Mille) “The Lamb” (Doublas Fairbanks) “The Fire”, death of Russian composer Alexander Scriabin, Composers: Max Reger, Kalman, Max von Schillings, Richard Strauss, Ivor Novello writes “Keep the Home Fires Burning”, Classic New Orleans Jazz in bloom, death of French waltz composer Emil Waldteufel, The remains of Touget de Lisle the composer of “La Marseillaise” brought to Paris, Albert Einstein postulates General Theory of Relativity, British chemist James Kendall isolated dysentery bacillus, Hugo Junkers constructs first fighter airplane, Noble Prize for Physice WH and WL Bragg (father and son), Nobel prize for Chemistry R Willstatter, death of German bacteriologist Paul Ehrlich, Henry Ford develops farm tractor, Georg Cantor develops theory of transfinite numbers, First transcontinental phone call between Alexander Graham Bell and Dr. Thomas A Watson, Wireless service established between US and Japan, Ford produces millionth car, Archibald Thorburn publishes “British Birds”, death of English socialist politician James Keir Hardie, WG Grace the English cricket player dies, Tetanus epidemics in the trenches, US Coast Guard established, largest railroad station in Europe established in Leipzig Germany, Lord Beaverborrk buys London’s “Daily Express”, death of industrial relations pioneer Frederick Winslow Taylor, Margaret Sanger jailed for writing “Family Limitation” book on birth control, President Wilson marries Mrs. Edith Galt, Motorized taxis appear, Jess Willard defeats Jack Johnson to win heavyweight boxing title, Automobile speed record of 102.6 mph in NY, popular songs: “Fascination” “Joe Turner Blues” “Alabam Jubilee” “There’s A Broken Heart for Every Light On Broadway” “A Little Bit of Heaven” “I Didn’t Raise My Boy to be a Soldier”, Former president Taft visits Utah again 1916 killer avalanches in the Alps, Boer leader Jan Smuts leads anti-German drive from Kenya into Tanzania, British and Belgian troops take Yaounde – capital of German Cameroon, Arab revolt against Ottoman Turks in Hijaz, Hussein pronounces self king of Arabs, Battle of Jutland between British and Germans ends in stalemate, Easter Uprising against British in Ireland, Hipoliti Irigoyen becomes president of Argentina until 1922, Effort to introduce national army conscription in Australia defeated, Easter Rising in Dublin against Dublin, Matheson Ontario CAN fire, NY polio outbreak, Avalanche in Italian Alps, Britain institutes the draft, Battle of Verdun results in 1 million casualties, Battle of Somme results in 1 million casualties – British introduce the tank, David Lloyd George names British Prime Minister, Rasputin murdered Dec 31 * Spencer W. Kimball attends four days of Democratic National Convention in St. Louis as missionary, Jul - Tropical storms dump 20.16 inches of rain in Birmingham, AL, Federal Loan Act makes it easier to borrow money, Railroad workers successfully strike for 8hour workday, Jones Act in U.S. fails to give independence to Philippines, U.S. ends protectorate status of Dominican Republic, Dominicans ruled by military dictatorship under American government, Haiti asks to sign treaty with U.S. to end dependent status with U.S., Francisco "Pancho" Villa of Mexico kills 18 Americans in N Mexico, then crosses into New Mexico and kills 17, U.S. troops invade Mexico, death of Italian actor Tommaso Salvini, death of Spanish dramatist Jose Echegaray, death of Hetty Green “the richest woman in the world” and a notorious miser, death of Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach, death of American meteorologist Cleveland Abbe, death of Anglo-American inventor Sir Hiram Maxim, death of French tragic actor Jean Mounet-Sully, death of Queen of Rumania and writer Carmen Sulva (Elizabeth of Wied), death of German conductor Hans Richter, death of US sculptor and musician Moses Ezekiel, circus elephant hung in TN for killing a man, death of Russion physiologist and 1908 Nobel Prize winner Ilya Ilich Mechnikov, death of 1905 winner of Nobel Prize for literature Henryk Sienkieweicz the Polish novelist, end of Emperor of Vienna Francis Joseph I, Nicaraguan poet Rubén Dario dies, End of US invasion of Mexico, battles of Verdun and Somme, Raspuitn murdered in Russia, Monet's "Water Lilies", death of English chemist William Ramsay, death of American astronomer Percival Lowell, death of Japanese novelist Natsume Soseki, death of Rasputin the Russian monk, death of German composer Max Reger, death of American novelist Jack London, death of German painter Franz Marc (age 36), WWI – first Zeppelin raid on Paris – British Military Service Act in force, Battle of Verdun – Germany declares war on Portugal – Fifth Battle of the Isonzo – Allied attack on Zeebrugge – Roger Casement lands in Ireland and is arrested and executed, Sinn Fein Easter Rebellin in Dublin – Anzacs arrive in France – Battle of Jutland – HMS Hampshire sunk with Lord Kitchener on board – beginning of the Allied Somme defensive – Sixth Battle of the Isonzo – Italy declares war on Germany – Hindenburg appointed Chief of German General Staff – Seventh battle of the Isonzo – British first use tanks on Western Front – Eighth Battle of the Isonzo – Count Carl Sturgkh the Austrian Premier assassinated, Ninth Battle of the Isonzo – Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria dies – succeeded by grandnephew Charles I – Hussein proclaimed King of the Arabs – Beatty appointed Commander in Chief of British navy – Jellicoe First Sea Lord – Lloyd George becomes British Prime Minister – Briand becomes French War Minister – Germany sends peace note to Allies – Wilson sends peace note to all belligerents 0 General Joffre named Marshal of France – British merchant shipping losses during year at 1.5 million tons – gas masks and steel helmets introduced in German army – TE Lawrence (of Arabia) appointed British political and liason officer to Faisal’s army, Woodrow Wilson reelected President barely defeating Charles Evans Hughes, Francisco “Pancho” Villa the Mexican Revolutionary general crosses border with guerillas and raids Columbus NM killing 17 Americans – Brigadier General John J Pershing pursues Villa with 6000 troops but cannot find him – withdraws next year after differences are settled by arbitration, US purchases Danish West Indiws (Virgin Islands) for 25 million, US troops land in Santo Domingo Dominican republic to settle internal strife – not withdrawn until 1924, Louis Brandeis named to US Supreme Court, Law establishing eight-hour work day for railroad workers prevents nation-wide strike, German saboteurs blow up munitions arsenal on Black Tom Island NJ, Writers: Vicente Blasco Ibanez, John Buchan, D’Annunzio, James Joyce (Portrait of the Artist…), George Moore, Leonid Andreyev, Harold Brighouse, Eugene O’Neill, Henri Barbusse, Max Brod, Greeiedrich Gundolf, G Lowes Dickinson, Lionel Curtis, Martin Buber, Vilfredo Pareto, John Dewey (Democracy and Education), Carl Sandburg (Chicago Poems), Edwin Arlington Robinson, Theodore Dreiser, Edna Ferber, Zoe Akins, deaths of writers: Henry James, Alan Seeger, Jose Echegaray, Jack London, Henryk Sienkiewicz, Natsume Soseki, London wartime revue “The Bing Boys are Here”, death of Austrian physicist Ernst Mach, Art: Matisse, Frank Lloyd Wright designs Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, Dadaist cult in Zurich under Tristan Tzara and Hans Arp, death of Franz Marc German painter, John Marin the American artist becomes popular, Films “Intolerance” “Civilization” “The Pawn Shop” (Chaplin), “Resurrection” “Homonkulus”, death of artists Odilon Redon and Thomas Eskins, Music: EW Korngold, Ethel Smythe, D’Albert, Felix von Weingartner, Schubert-Berte, Leo Fall, Granados, De Falla, Frederic Norton, Jazz sweeps US, death of musician Max Reger, Sir Arthur Eddington investigates physical properties of stars, Sympathectomy for relief of angina pectoris first performed by Ionescu, Blood for transfusion first refrigerated, death of American astronomer Percival Lowell, death of Russian scientist Ilya Mechnikov, death of English chemist William ramsay, New valence theory stated by GN Lewis, Theory of shell shock suggested by FW Mott, Frenchman Paul Langevin constructs underwater ultrasonic source for submarine detection, Women’s International Bowling Congress established in America, National Savings movement founded in Britain, Food rationed in Germany, “Summertime” (Daylight Savings Time) introduced in Britain, death of Russian monk Rasputin, Foundation of Federation of British Industries, Bobby Jones makes US golf debut, National Park Service established under US Dept. of the Interior, Margaret Sanger joins in opening birth control clinic, Prohibition gains ground as 24 states vote against alcohol, First Rose Bowl football game, PGA (golf) established, top songs: “I Ain’t Got Nobody” “You Belong to Me” “The Darktown Strutters’ Ball” “Goodbye, Good Luck, God Bless You”, Spencer W. Kimball attends four days of Democratic National Convention in St. Louis as missionary 1917 Deadly tornado year in US Midwest, electric drill invented, Ras Tagari becomes regent of Ethiopia, German forces in German East Africa withstand British and Portuguese at Mahiwa – Germans withdraw into Mozambique, Balfour Declaration promises homeland for Jews in Palestine, British troops capture Baghdad and Jerusalem, Sun Yat-sen struggles for leadership of Chinese republic, October Revolution, Mexico adopts new constitution, Brazil and US declares war on Germany, Filipino National Guard organized in Philippines, Volcano in El Salvador, German secretary Zimmerman telegram to Mexico discovered and translated by Brits, Germans renew sub warfare, Ysar Nicholas II abdicates, half- million French mutiny (“go on strike”), US draft reinstated, 3rd battle of Ypres results in 700,000 total casualties Jul-Nov, October revolution in Nov as Lenin overthrows Kerensky’s government, New Russian government by Trotsky, Brits take Jerusalem from Turkish Arabs * Wilson appoints Saint to subcabinet position as James Henry Moyle serves as assistant secretary of Treasury, Future president Hoover works with Bishop Charles W. Nibley at sugar conference, death of Buffalo Bill Cody in Denver, Feb- Great Okeechobee Freeze devastates everglades, Jun - 10 inch hailstones fall over Eskridge KS, Dec - Ohio River freezes enough for people to walk from IN to KY, U.S. buys three Virgin Islands from Denmark, U.S. troops withdraw from Mexico after capturing Pancho Villa - Immigrants from Mexico start to increase, death of French impressionist Edgar Degas, death of English dramatist Sir Francis Burnand, death of Carolus-Duran the French portraitist, death of German airship designer Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin, death of English novelist William De Morgan, death of French sculptor Auguste Rodin, death of Swiss surgeon and 1909 Nobel Prize winner Emil Theodor Kocher, Halifax loaded warship explosion causes tsunami – largest non- nuclear explosion, 300,000 blacks serve in WWI, British government passes Balfour Declaration, Liberal then Bolshevik Revolutions in Tussia, Russia enters WWI, US enters WWI, Germany first uses submarine warfare, death of English actor Herbert Beerbohm Tree, WWI – Bread rationed in Britain – German withdrawal on Western front, February Revolution in Russia – czar abdicates – Poincare receives peace offer from Emperor Charles of Austria (Sixtus Letter), US and Cuba declare war on Germany – Petain becomes Chief of French General Staff – Isonzo battle #8? Continues – Albanian independence proclaimed – King Constantine I of Greece abdicates in favor of son Alexander I – British royal family renounces German names and titles, General Pershing arrices in Paris to head American forces – Russian Black Sea fleet mutinies at Sebastopol – General Allenby takes over British Palestine command – fuel and food controls in US – first US division arrives in France – air attacks on England – Kerensky Russian Premier – beginning of Passchendaele battle – China declares war on Germany and Austria – peace note of Pope Benedict XV – German aircraft attack London – Italian army routed at Caporetto – Balfour Declaration on Palestine – October Revolution in Petrograd (Nov 7), Lenin appointed Chief Commissar – Trotsky Commissar for Foreign Affairs – Clemenceau Premier of France – first tank battle takes place at Cambrai – German-Russian armistice signed at Brest-Litovsk – Finnish Republic proclaimed, US declares war on Hungary and Austria – Turks surrender Jerusalem – British merchant shipping losses during year approx. 4 million tons, Starvation Year in Germany, Allies execute dancer Mata Hari as spy, US government purchases Dutch West Indies, Literacy requirements for US citizenship passed over Wilson’s veto, Wilson inaugurated to second term – Writers: Norman Douglas, TS Eliot, Leon Feuchtwanger, Knut Hamsun, Henry James, Paul Valery, James Barrie, Upton Sinclair, Unamuno, Sigfried Sassoon, Alec Waugh, JJ Jusserand, Edwin Arlington Robinson, Amy Lowell, Hamlin Garland, Sinclair Lewis, Hermann Fernau, CG Jung (Psychology), Salzburg Festival initiated by writers, Laura E Richards and Maude Howe Elliot (Julia Ward Howe) wins first Pulitzer Prize for biography, Sarah Bernhardt 72 begins last tour of America, Picasso designs surrealist sets and costumes for Satie’s ballet Parade, Art: Modigliani, Pierre Bonnard, JS Sargent, George Gorsz, death of Degas and Rodin and Albert P Ruder, CD Carra and Giorgio de Chirico found school of Italian metaphysical painting, Films – “The Little Princess” (Mary Pickford), “Mater dolorosa”, “U.F.A.”, Chaplin’s annual salary reaches one million dollars, Music: Hans Pfitzner, Prokofiev, Ottorino Respighi, Busoni, Sigmund Romberg, Bartok, Chicago becomes world jazz center – first jazz recordings by Dixieland Jazz Band (NY), French composes “Les Six” include AUric, Durey, Honegger, Milhaud, Poulenc, and Tailleferre, death of Count Ferdinand Zeppelin, Sigmund Freud introduces psychoanalysis, death of German physician and bacteriologist Emil Behring, Wagner von Jauregg treats syphilitic paralysis by injecting malaria, 100-in. reflecting telescope installed at Mt. Wilson in CA, Quebec railroad bridge completed, Imperial War Museum founded in London, Trans-Siberian Railroad completed, death of WF “Buffalo Bill” Cody, Bobbed hair as ladies’ fashion sweeps Britain and US, Companion of Honour and Order of the British Empire decorations established, Four women arrested for picketing White House on behalf of Women’s Suffrage and are sent to 6 months jail, US Senate bill rejects Wilson’s suffrage bill, IWW demonstration against war result in raids on their offices, First baseball game played in Polo Grounds on a Sunday violate NY blue law – managers arrested, top songs: “The Bells of St. Mary’s” “Over There” “Hail! Hail! The Gang’s All Here” “McNamara’s Band”, Wilson appoints Saint to subcabinet position as James Henry Moyle serves as assistant secretary of Treasury, Future president Hoover works with Bishop Charles W. Nibley at sugar conference 1918 Worst circus train accident as troop train crashed into stationary train, Fire un Cloquet US (Can?), Fire in Hinckley (US/CAN), defeat of Kaiser William II of Germany, Emir Faisal proclaims Syrian state, king in 1920, Venezuela oilfields opened, Wilson’s 14 points, Queen Salote becomes queen of Tonga, Flu epidemic kills more than the war, Irish republicans win seats in government and found own parliament in Dublin, Cloquet MN fire, Red Baron killed, Czar Nicholas II murdered, German sailors mutiny, Turks sign armistice, Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates, Weimar republic created, 11:00 on 11/11 armistice signed * American Relief Committee chair Hoover expresses gratitude for Relief Society, Jan - Coldest New Years in Boston, Oct Puerto Rico's great earthquake produces tsunami Women's effort in WWI pushes through a constitutional amendment to vote, death of American historian of the West Hubert Howe Bancroft, death of American educator Andrew White – also ambassador and president of Cornell U, death of one of the “Great Five” composers Russian Cesar Cui, death of American historian Henry Adams, death of Austrian architect and user of reinforced concrete Otto Wagner, death of Italian composer Arrigo Boito, death of Austrian writer and poet Peter Rosegger, Puerto Rico 7.5 quake and tsunami, BC CAN quake 7, American troops invade Russia to try and reestablish old regime, Second deadliest fire Cloquet fire in MN kills 453, Start of Spanish flu pandemic killing between 20 and 100 million within a year, Cyril Briggs founds African Blood Brotherhood – a radical organization, death of English composer Sir Hubert Parry, end of liberal constitution in Prussia, Debussy dies, Wilson proposes 14 points to end war, Civil war in Russia, Armistice ends western part of WWI, death of French composer Claude Debussy, death of German dramatist Frank Wedekind, death of French dramatist Edmond Rostand, death of Mohammed V of Turkey, WWI- Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points – Russian constituent assembly in Petrograd dissolved by Bolsheviks – peace treaty of Brest-Litovsk between Russian and Central Powers – transfer of Soviet government to Moscow – General Foch takes over United command on W front-, 1388 planes of the German Luftwaffe assembled for attack – British RAF replaces RFC – Rumania signs peace treaty with Central Powers – German offensive on W Front – Germans bomb Paris – Pittsburgh Agreement between Czechs and Slovaks – Second battle of the Marne – Japanese advance into Siberia – Allied offensive on W Front opens – attempted assassination of Lenin in Moscow – Hsu-Shih-Chang president of Chinese Republic – collapse of Turkish resistance in Palestine – German Chancellor Count Hertling resigns – Prince Max of Baden named German Chancellor – Germany and Austria agree to President Wilson’s demand to retreat to their own territory before armistice is signed – Germany suspends submarine warfare – Ludendorff dismissed – Czechoslovakia proclaimed independent republic – Hungarian Premier Count Tisza assassinated – Allies sign armistice with Austria-Hungary- German fleet Mutinies at Kiel – Allied conference at Versailles agrees on peace terms for Germany – German republic proclaimed by Philipp Scheidemann – Armistice signed between Allies and Germany – German fleet surrenders. Mexico nationalizes oilfields, British government abandons hone-rule for Ireland – Sultan Mohammad VI of Turkey ascends throne – Nicholas II and family executed – King Ferndinand of Bulgaria abdicates in favor of his son Boris, US – Republicans win majority, Polish republic proclaimed, Revolution in Berlin – William II abdicates, Austria becomes a republic, Charles I renoundes all participation in Austrian affairs of state, TG Masaryk elected President of Czechoslovakia, Josef Pilsudski vested with dictatorial powers in Poland and elected chief of state, Eugenio Pacelli (later Pius XII) named papal nuncio to the Weimar Republic – Montenegro unites with Serbia, Iceland becomes sovereign state, Serbo=Croatian-Slovene Kingdom of Yugoslavia pronounced, Gen. Mannerheim named Regent of Finland, British general election results in coalition majority, Wilson arrives in Paris for peace conference, Poles occupy Posen, German revolutionary Communist Workers’ Party (KPD) founded in Berlin by Liebknecht and Luxemburg, Women over 30 get the vote in Britain, death of Irish leader John Redmond, death of Russian Cossack Leader Lavr Kornilov, death of Russian politician Georgi Pickhanov, American socialist and candidate Eugene V Debs sentenced to 10 years in prison for violating espionage and sedition law, Deaths of writers: George Alexander, Peter Rosegger, Edmond Rostand, Frank Wedekind, Wilfred Owen, Guillaume Apollinaire, Henry Adams, Johce Kilmer, Bernon Castle (dancer), Writers: Arnold Bennett, Aleksander ALeksandrovich, Rupert Brooke, Willa Cather (My Antonia), Arthur Dinter, Anatole France, Leonhard Frank, Gerhart Hauptmann, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Laurence Housman, James Joyce, Georg Kaiser, Alfred Kerr, Selma Lagerlof, Thomas Mann, Pinero, Ladislaw Stanislaw Reymont, Arthur Schnitzler, Lytton Strachey, WH Hudson, Aldous Huxley, SH Lawrence, Eduard Stucken, Miguel de Unamuno, HG Wells, Rebecca West, Wyndham Lewis, Amy Lowell, Andre Maurois, HL Mencken, Luigi Pirandello, Booth Tarkington, Gustav Cassel, Charles Horton Cooley, Georges Duhamel, Roman Catholic philosopher, Romano Guandini, Harold Hoffding, Ellen Key, Bertrand Russell, Moritz Schlick, Oswald Spengler, AE Newton, Henry Adams, W Smith and F Bacon, Best seller V Blasco-Ibanez’s “The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse”, US Post Office burns installments of James Joyce’s “Ulysses”, , Stars and Stripes newspaper begins publication, Richard Huelsenbeck starts Dada movement in Germany, Theater guild of New York founded by Lawrence Langner, death of German philosopher Georg Simmel, death of Russian mathematician Alexander Liapunov, death of American philosopher Randolph Bourne, United Lutheran Church established in US, Controversy over new psychology of Freud and Jung, second Moscow U founded, death of French novelist Josephin Peladan, Films – “Ma the Mummy” “Carmen” “A Dog’s Life”, “Shoulder Arms” (Chaplin), “The Tenth Symphony”, Art: Juan Gris, Paul Klee, Oskar Kokoschka, Fernand Leger, Amedeo Modigliani, Edvard Munch, Paul Nash, Matisse, Robert Delauney, Kandinsky, Joan Miro, Death of Swiss artist Gerdinand Hodler, David Low’s cartoons appear in London, Ozenfant and Le Corbusier publish manifesto on purism after cubism, MUSIC: Eugene D’Albert, Bartok, Irving Berlin, Rudolf Friml, Jerome Kern, Hans Pfitzner, Giacomo Puccini, Erik Satie, Franz Schreker, Stravinski, Death of musicians Arrigo Boito, Claude Debussy, Hubert Parry, AS Taneiev, Cesar Cui, death of English singer Liza Lehmann, Karl Straube appointed to German musical school, NY Philharmonic Society b ans compositions by living Germans, Paris opera opens with Faust under bombardments, Karl Muck German conductor of Boston Symphony arrested as alien, Mrs. Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge gives first of her music festivals, death of mathematician Georg FLP Cantor, Sir Arthur Stanley writes about principle of relativity, Nobel Prize for Chemistry Fritz Haber, Leonard Woolley begins Babylonian excavations, Nobel Prize for physics Max Planck (quantum theory), Ludwig Prandtl German physicist develops wing theory for flight, Harlow Shapley American astronomer discovers dimensions of Milky Way, Vilhjalmur Stefansson Canadian explorer returns from 5-year journey in arctic, Mount Wilson telescope completed in CA, death of German explorer of Africa Karl Peters, Regular airmail service between New York and D.C., Daylight saving time introduced in America, Eight-hour day established in Germany, food shortage in Britain leads to national food kitchens and rationing, US boxing champion Abraham Hollandersky (“Abe the Newsboy” retires, Hong Kong Jockey Club collapses – 600 die, World-wide influenza epidemic strikes (22 million die by 1920), Knute Rockne named head football coach at U of Notre Dame, death of world heavyweight boxing champion John L Sullivan, Statistics – 8.5 million killed in war and 21 million wounded, Total US population 103.5 million, death of American collector of Western material HH Bancroft, Missouri last state to ratify compulsory school attendance law, Jack Dempsey American heavyweight boxing champion, “Exterminator” wins Kentucky Derby, first Chicago-NY air mail, “Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning” “K-K-K-Katy” “Good Morning Mr. Zip-Zip-Zip!” “I’m Always Chasing Rainbows”, American Relief Committee chair Hoover expresses gratitude for Relief Society 1919 Kelut eruption, ANC demonstrates against pass laws in Transvaal, British troops massacre over 300 Indian civilians at Amritsar, Ernest Rutherford splits atom, US Congress refuses to recognize League of Nations, Augusto Leguia president of Peru – very progressive until 1930, Dry dock completed at Pearl Harbor HI, War between Ireland and Britain, Corpus Christi TX cyclone, Eruption in Java, flue pandemic, Russian Civil War, German coup suppressed, German socialists Liebknecht, Luxemburg murdered, cenotaph unveiled in London, Wilson collapses in exhaustion * Taft makes fifth visit to Utah – promoting League of Nations, Wilson visits Utah – meets with Emmeline B. Wells, Wilson blessed in HI temple dedicatory prayer, "Zeigfeld's Follies" debuts, Actor's strike, Navy seaplane first crosses Atlantic via the Azores, death of English physicist and chemist Sir William Crookes, death of German philosopher and zoologist Ernst Haeckel, death of American industrialist Andrew Carnegie, death of English painter Sir Edward Poynter, death of English actor Sir Charles Wyndham, death of Japanese liberal statesman Count Taisuke Itagaki, death of Sir Evelyn Wood – first British Sirdar of Egyptian army, death of French impressionist Pierre Auguste Renoir, death of Canadian statesman Sir Wilfred Laurier, death of Swedish anatomist Gustaf Retzius, death of 1904 Nobel Prize winner and English physicist John William Strutt, death of American soprano (Spanish-born) Adelina Patti, Molasses Flood – 21 killed in tank rupture in Boston and 150 injured, end of Spanish flu pandemic with 20-100 million dead, “Red Summer” of race riots in 26 US cities, Marcus Garvey organizes and leads black nationalist movement, Prohibition begins in US, Ernest Rutherford splits atom artificially, Treaty of Versailles ends WWI, death of Swedish painter Carl Larsson, death of Italian opera composer Ruggiero Leoncavallo, death of Theodore Roosevelt #26, Wealthy cosmetic manufacturer Mme. C.J. Walker dies, death of George I of Greece, death of Swiss chemist and 1913 Nobel Prize winner Alfred Werner, murder of Rosa Luxemburg the German socialist leader, Herbert Hoover named director-general of international organization for European relief, Spartacist revolt in Berlin, Theodore Roosevelt #26 dies, Karl Liebknecht the German left-wing socialist murdered by counterrevolutionary German Freikorps officers together with Rosa Luxemburg the socialist leader, Prohibition amendment ratified (18), Ignace Paderewski named Premier of Poland, Peace Conference opens at Versailles, President Wilson presides over League of Nations meeting in Paris, Friedrich Ebert named President of German Republic, death of first French- Canadian Prime Minister of Canada Sir Wilfred Laurier, Amanullah becomes Amir of Afghanistan, Bavarian Premier Kurt Wisner assassinated, Soviet government formed by Bela Kin in Budapest, Hapsburg dynasty exiled from Austria, Eamon de Valera becomes President of Sinn Fein, Red Army enters Crimea, New German constitution promulgated at Weimar, General strike in Winnipeg CAN, War between British Indian and Afghan forces, War between Finland and USSR, Red Army takes Ufa – beginning of White defeat, Gustav Bauer follows Scheidemann as German Chancellor,k German fleet scuttled at Scapa Flow, German peace treaty signed at Versailles, Edward Carson demands repeal of Home Rule in Ireland, Peace celebrations in Britain, Race Riots in Chicago, Bela Kun regime in Hungary overthrown, Mackenzie King becomes Canadian Liberal leader, Prince of wales tours Canada and US, death of S African general and statesman Louis Botha, Jan Christian Smuts succeeds Botha as Prime Minister of Union of South Africa, Allied peace treaty with Austria signed at St. Germain, Gabriele D’Annunzio seizes Fiume (Rijeka) from Yugoslavia with an unofficial Italian army, American steel strike, British troops withdraw from Murmansk, New York dock workers strike, George Curzon succeeds AJ Balfour as British Foreign Secretary, International Labor Conference in Washington endorses eight-hour workday, First two-minutes silence in Britain on anniversary of armistice day, US Senate’s resolution on Article X of League of Nations Covenant, Red Army takes Omsk, Lady Astor first British woman Member of Parliament to take her seat elected, American delegates leave Peace Conference, Red Army captures Kharkov, US House of Representatives moves to curtail immigration – Nobel Peace Prize – President Woodrow Wilson, Count Taisuke Itagaki the Japanese statesman dies, Aleksandr Izvolski the Russian statesman dies, assassination of German socialist leader Hugo Haase, death of William P Schreiner the S African statesman, death of Sir Evelyn Wood the British field marshal, Fighting begins between French and Syrians at Baalbek Syria, Under treaty of Neuilly – Bulgaria cedes territories to Romania, Hungarian Red troops invade Czechoslovakia but are forced to withdraw, FS Nitti succeeds VE Orlando as Italian Prime Minister, Anti-Bolshevik army of Admiral AV Kolchak defeated in the Urals, General AI Denikin effectively battles against Soviet forces, Writers: Sherwood Anderson, James B Vabell, Joseph Conrad, John Drinkwater, Andre Gide, Thomas Hardy, Hermann Hesse, WR Inge, Ring Lardner, Hugh Lofting (Dr. Doolittle), WS Maugham, HL Mencken, Upton Sinclair, Aleksandr Tairov, Hugh Walpole, Franz Werfel, Israel Zangwill, Rabindranath Tagore, Carl Sandburg, Karl Barth, Henri Bergson, Ernst Cassirer, Havelock Ellis, Irving Fisher, Johan Huizinga, Karl Jaspers, JM Keynes, Count Hermann von Keyserling, VIlfredo Pareto, Rudolf Steiner, Sigrid Undset, John Boradus Watson, DEATHS of Writers: Andrew Ady (Hungary), Ella Wheeler Wilcox (USA), Karl Gjellerup (DAN), Leonid Andreyev (RUS), WW Campbell (CAN), Francis Haverfield (ENG historian), Sir John Pentland Mahaffy (Irish educator), William Cunningham (ENG economist), Ernst Haeckel (GER zoologist and philosopher), Max Reinhardt opens “Oresteia” play, War memoirs by Tirpitz, Ludendorff, Lord Fisher, Field Marshal French, Admiral Jellicoe, General Falkenhayn, Church Assembly established by British Parliament, Church and State separated in Germany, New universities in Hamburg Posen Bratislava and Cologne, ART: Ernst Barlach (sculpture), Kandinsky, Klee, Max Liebermann, Amedeo Modigliani, Monet, Munch, Picasso, Ferdinand Leger, Bauhaus founded and built in Weimar GER, Films: “Madame Dubarry” “J’Accuse!” “Half-Caste” “The Devil’s Passkey”, death of artist William Gilbert Gaul, Carl Larsson (SWE), Renoior, Henry Clay Frick, William Michael Rossetti, Sir Edward Poynter, Wilhelm Luhmbruck, German architect Hans Poelzig works, Hans Arp and Max Ernst create collages, MUSIC: Eugene D’Albert, Adolf Busch, Edward Elgar, Manuel de Falla, Fritz Kreisler, Andre Messager, Othman Schoeck, Oskar Straus, Richard Strauss, Harry Tierney, CT Griffes, Adolf Busch starts Busch String Quartet,, Jazz arrives in Europe, death of Ruggiero Leoncavallo Italian composer, death of soprano Adelina Patti, death of German musicologist Hugo Riemann, death of American composer Horatio V Parker, death of French opera composer Xavier Leroux, Edgar Varese conducts New York New Symphony Orchestra, AD Julliard dies – leaving 20 million to endow Julliard School of Music in NY, Los Angeles Symphony Orchestra first concert, SCIENCE: English FW Aston builds mass-spectrograph and establishes isotopy, Jakob Bherknes discovere causes of cyclones, death of Wnglish physicist William Crookes, death of German chemist Emil Fischer, English physicist John William Strutt (Baron Rayleigh), Swiss chemist Alfred Werner, Hungarian phusicist Roland Eotvos, Sir William Osler Canadian professor, Swiss Botanist Simon Schwendener, Robert H Goddard publishes on rocketry, Thomas Hunt Morgan publishes about genetics, Rutherford demonstrates that atom is not the ultimate particle, Ernest Shackleton publishes trek to Antarctic, First experiments with short-wave radio, Ross and Keith Smith fly from London to Australia, Arnold Sommerfeld writes about spectroscopy, Noble Prize for Physice Johannes Stark – German showing warping of light in electrical field, Experiment on sound film by Massolle and Hans Vogt, LIFE: JW Alcock and A Whitten Brown make non-stop flight across Atlantic, Austria abolishes death penalty, death of US industrialist Andrew Carnegie, Jack Dempsey takes world boxing title, Rose Bowl held, Suzanne Lenglen begins to dominate women’s tennis, Radio Corporation of America (RCA) founded, Railroad lines total 265,000 in America, Babe Ruth hits 587-foot home run, Jim Thorpe finishes six-year baseball career, Belgian war damage est $7.6 billion, death of Frank W Woolworth founder of stores, “Black Sox” bribery scandal in baseball, American Legion formed, Sir Barton becomes first horse to win triple crown, Juan Belmonte the Spanish matador kills 200 bulls in 109 corridas, development of mechanical rabbit for modern greyhound racing, top songs: “Swanee” “Hinky Dinky Parlay Voo” “Dardanella” “Alcoholic Blues” “A Good Man is Hard to Find”, Taft makes fifth visit to Utah – promoting League of Nations, Wilson visits Utah – meets with Emmeline B. Wells, Wilson blessed in HI temple dedicatory prayer, 1920 Drought at horn of AFR for 3 years, Drought in S AFR, deadliest landslide hits Gansu, earthquake in Gansu, Emir Faisal becomes king of Syria, British and Indians increase settlement in Kenya, Palestine becomes British mandate, Indian leader Gandhi launches peaceful non-cooperation movement against British rule, US refuses to recognize League of Nations, Prohibition in US until 33, New Zealand given mandate over Samoa, Formation of Federal Country Party in Australia, New Zealand becomes member of League of Nations, War between England and Ireland, Church of Wales disestablished, Earthquake in Kansu China, US Senate fails to ratify Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations, Failure to overthrow Weimar Republic * Former president Taft 6th visit to Utah to support Reed Smoot – Smoot backs Harding for president – suggested that he would get cabinet post but declines, Smoot convinces Harding that Hoover be named secretary of commerce – as that role meets with many Saints, FDR unsuccessfully runs for VP, Mar - Northern lights visible in FL, May - F4 tornado destroys Peggs OK, Al Jolson performs, Approximately 8 million cars and 1 million trucks now in United States, death of German mathematician Moritz Benedikt Cantor, death of German philosopher Wilhelm Wundt, death of English astronomer Sir Norman Lockyer, death of American novelist and criticWilliam Dean Howells, death of German composer Max Bruch, death of English novelist Rhoda Broughton, death of British admiral Lord Fisher, China quake kills 200000 est 8.6 or 7.8, life expectancy of humans reaches 50 years (some goldfish life 50 in the wild), US troops flee from Vladivostok, 1920, Approximate beginnings of the Harlem Renaissance, 19th Amendment, NY Times article ridicules rockets in space, death of English novelist Mrs. Humphry Ward, End of Russian Civil War, League of nations founded, Women given right to vote in US, early radio broadcasting invented, death of German popular novelist Ludwig Ganghofer, death of American explorer Robert E Peary, death of German sculptor Max Klinger, death of German poet Richard Dehmel, death of Italian painter Amedeo Modigliani, Official start of the League of Nations in Paris, US Senate votes against joining League of Nations, Paul Deschanel becomes president of France, CLemenceay resigns – Millerand takes over as Premier of France, Red Army captures Odessa, Bainbridge Colby succeeds Robert Lansing as US Secretary of State, Nicolaus von Horthy named Regent of Hungary, Emir Feisal becomes king of an independent Syria, Wolfgang Kapp stages short-lived monarchist coup in Berlin, Conference of San Remo deals with German reparations – Britain receives Palestine Mandate, Conscroption abolished in Britain, President Caranza of Mexico assassinated – succeeded by Adolfo de la Huerta, Allies and Hungary sign Treaty of Trianon, Republicans nominate Warren G Harding (elected) with Calvin Coolidge as running mate, The Hague selected as seat of International Court of Justice, Demoncrats name James M Chot for presidency with FDR as running mate, death of John Lord Fisher the British admiral, death of Empress of the French and consort of Napoleon III Eugenie, Treaty of St. Germain comes into force, The Little Entente of Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia and Romania formed, 19th amendment – women’s suffrage, Alexandre Millerand elected French premier, US and China sign tariff treaty, death of King Alexander of Greece, League of Nations moved to Geneva, New Austrian constitution comes into force, Treaty of rapallo signed, Danzig declared a free city, end of Russian Civil War, Convention of Nicaragua Honduras and Costa Rica, death of British politician Jesse Collings, Alvaro Obregon elected president of Mexico, King Constantine of Greece returns to Athens as a result of plebiscite, Government of Ireland Act passed by British Parliament, Otto Meissner head of the office of the German President, Adolf Hitler announces 25-point plan at Munich, Gandhi emerges as India’s leader in struggle for independence, Royal Institute of International Affairs founded in London, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti arrested for murder of two in MA, WRITERS: Sherwood Anderson, Max Beerbohm, Arnolt Bronnen, Van Wyck Brooks, Agatha Christie (among earliest), Colette, F Wills Crofts, F Scott Fitzgerald, Zona Gale, John Galsworthy, Jaroslav Hasek, Franz Kafka, Georg Kaiser, Karl Kraus, Sinclair Lewis, Vachel Lindsay, Emil Lidwig, Katherine Mansfield, AA Milne, Eugene O’Neill, E Phillips Oppenheim, Ezra Pound, Jules Romains, Carl Sandburg, Upton Sinclair, Sigrid Undset, Paul Valery, John Reed (American communist), Charles Vildrac, HG Wells, Edith Wharton, Stefan Zweig, Alfred Adler, Samuel Alexander, Carl G Jung, Count Hermann von Keyserling, (opens school of wisdom), Jacques Maritain, Bertrand Russell, Geroge Santayana, Nathan Soderblom, Alfred North Whitehead, DEATHS: Richard Dehmel (GER), Ludwig Ganghofer (GER), William Dean Howells (USA), Rhoda Broughton (ENG), Benito Perez Galdos (ESP), John Reed (USA), Olive Schreiner (S AFR), Mrs. Humphry Ward (ENG), Aleksander Blok (RUS), Wilhelm Wundt (GER psychologist), Nobel prize for literature – Knut Hamsun, Vsevolod E Meyerhold opens theater in Moscow, Joan of Arc canonized, ART: Charles Burchfield, Juan Gris, Henri Matisse, Lyonel Feininger, William Nicholson, Stanley Spencer, Fernand Leger, Visitors to Dadaist Art expo in Cologne allowed to smash paintings, Films: “The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari” “The Golem” “Pollyanna” (Mary Pickford) “Cesare Borgia” – Marcel Duchamp makes his first abstract movie, death of German painter Max Klinger, Max Liebermann elected President of the Prussian Academy of Arts, death of Italian painter Amedeo Modigliani, death of Swedish impressionist Anders Zorn, death of English painter Briton Riviere, death of American painter Abbot Thayer, death of Eng painter Sir William B Richmond, MUSIC: Vincent d’Indy, Jerome Kern, Erich Wolfgang, Franz Lehar, Maurice Ravel, Oskar Straus, Igor Stravinsky, Henry Hadley, Ralph Vaughan, Gustav Holst (The Planets), deaths: Max Bruch (GER), Charles Tomlinson Griffes (USA), Maud Powell (USA), Camille Saint- Saens Festival in Athens, Christmas Radio Concert from GER, Beniamino Gigli makes debut at Met NY, Paul Whiteman tours Europe with his band, SCIENCE: deaths: Sir William Abney British photographic chemist, William C Gorgas American surgeon who eorked to control yellow fever, death of English astronomer Sir Norman Lockyer, death of American arctic explorer Robert Edwin Peary, death of German botanist Wilhelm Pfeffer, American surgeon Harvey Cushing develops new techniques in brain surgery, Arthur Stanley Eddington publishes about space time and gravity, Austrian meteorologist Heinrich von Ficker recognizes importance of stratosphere, German engineer Anton Flettner invents rotor ship, Nobel Prize – physics Edouard Guillaume fir anomalies in nickel-steel alloys, Medicine – August Krough for capillary blood regulation, Chemistry – Walter Nernst – heat theorem, Raschig process uses HCl for chlorination of benzene, Rorschach (SWI) develops inkblot test, Ger astronomer Max Wolf shows true structure of Milky Way and photographs asteroids, Ethelda M Bleibtrey (USA) wins three gold medals at Antwerp Olympics (first after 8 years), Mexican Alfredo Codona becomes first man to perform triple somersault in air, Britain grants 3747 divorces, Erthwuake in Kansu CHI claims 200k, Marconi opens first public broadcasting station, Babe Ruth sold by Boston Red Sox to NY Yankees, Hugo Stinnes GER begins to organize colossal trust, William Tilden begins 5-year domination of tennis, Original baseball field in Cooperstown NY dedicated as permanent memorial, Westinghouse Company opens first American broadcasting station, “Time and Tide” publication appears, Unemployment Insurance introduced in Britain and Austria, Water skiing started in FRA, death of American financier and philanthropist Jacob Schiff, US pop at 117,823,165, Bomb explosion in Wall Street kills 35 and wounds 130, “Man O’War” US thoroughbred put out to stud after winning 20/21 races, First airmail from NY to San Francisco, 18th amendment in effect – prohibition starts, KDKA first commerciak radio broadcasts, Popular Artists Al jolson, Ted Lewis, Paul Whiteman, Char;es Harrison, Art Hickman, Former president Taft 6th visit to Utah to support Reed Smoot – Smoot backs Harding for president – suggested that he would get cabinet post but declines, Smoot convinces Harding that Hoover be named secretary of commerce – as that role meets with many Saints, FDR unsuccessfully runs for VP 1921 Insulin discovered, Abd-el-Krim leads Berbers and Arabs against Europeans in N Africa, Lenin introduces new economic policy in Russia, Progressive president Juan Bautista Saavedra in Bolivia begins, Australia given mandate over German New Guinea, Anglo-Irish Treaty between Britain and Ireland, Pueblo CO storm and flood, flood San Antonio TX, Drought hits Volga region of Russia, Russian civil war ends, Russians spared by donations of American food * Saints call on Chief Justice Taft – give him Book of Mormon, Feb - F4 tornado damages GA, Jun Cloudburst in CO kills 120, Nov - 54inhes of snow falls near Dalles OR, Josephine Baker performs, Philippines granted independence from U.S., U.S. gives Colombia $25 million to compensate for losing Panama in 1903, death of Archbishop of Baltimore Catholic James Cardinal Gibbons, death of French composer Camille Saint-Saens, death of Austrian genre painter Franz Defregger, death of American naturalist John Burroughs, death of English man of letters Austin Dobson, death of British socialist reformer Henry M Hyndman, death of Russian anarchist and social philosopher Prince Peter Kropotkin, death of Swedish coloratura soprano Christine Nilsson, Start of deadliest drought killing 5 million by 1922 Start of Ukraine and Volga famine, Langston Hughes first publishes poetry, death of Adolph von Hildebrand the German sculptor, Hyperinflation in Germany, death of German composer Engelbert Humperdinck, Guccio Gucci and wife opens store in France, death of German author Lidwig Thoma, death of Enrico Caruso the Italian opera singer, death of Peter I, Film: Nosferatu debuts, death of German statesman Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, First Indian Parliament meets, Paris Conference of Allies fixes German reparation payments, Winston S Churchill becomes Colonial Secretary, Reza Khan carries out coup in Tehran, Warren G Harding inaugurated, Eduardo Data Spanish Prime Minister assassinated, Anglo-Soviet trade agreement, Upper Silesian plebiscite – 63% vote for incorporation of Germany, Ex-Emperor Charles’s first coup to regain throne of Hungary fails, Reparation Commission fixes Germany’s liability at over 33 billion, Capital punishment abolished in Sweden, British Legion founded, Walter Rathenau appointed German Minister for Reconstruction, Hitler’s storm troopers (SA) begin to terrorize political opponents, London Imperial Conference, Faisal I becomes King of Iraq, German finance minister Matthias Erzberger assassinated, Revolution in Lisbon – Antonio Machado Santos founder of the republic murdered, Ex-Emperor Charles fails in second attempt to regain throne of Hungary, Takashi Hara Premier of Japan assassinated, Washington Conference on disarmament, Japanese Crown Prince Hirohito named prince regent and father retires from mental illness, Rapid fall of Deutschmark – inflation rampant in Germany, Britain and Ireland sign peace treaty, Mackenzie King elected Prime Minister of Canada, Lord Reading appointed Viceroy of India succeeding Lord Chelmsford, Eduard Benes elected Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia, Nobel Peace Prize to Hjalmar Brantig and Christian Lange, Prince Philip zu Eulenburg-Hertefeld (Wilhelm II’s friend and advisor) dies, Philander C Knox American politician dies, King Peter I of Serbia dies, HM Hyndman the English socialist politician dies, James Cardinal Gibbonsthe American prelate dies, death of Scittish statesman AH Bruce the 6th Baron Balfour of Burleigh, death of British Quartermaster-General of WWI army John S Cowans, death of 1st Earl of Halsbury HS Giffard the British statesman, Charles Evans Hughes named US Secretary of State, Andrew Mellon named Secretary of the Treasury, Former President Taft named Chief Justice of Supreme Court, death of Pennsylvania senator and political boss Boies Penrose, President Harding commutes Eugene Debs’ 10-year sentence, WRITERS: Sherwood Anderson, Johan Bojer, Karel and Josef Capek, Marc Connelly and George S Kaufman, Grazia Deledda, John Dos Passos, John Galsworthy, Jugo von Hofmannsthal, Aldous Huxley, DH Lawrence, Gabriel Marcel, W Somerset Maugham, George Moore, Eugene O’Neill, Luigi Pirandello, Ezra Pound, Jean Sarment, Bernard Shaw, Lytton Strachey, Virginia Woolf, William Archer, Walater de la Mare, Arthur Waley, Ed Wynn, Bestseller: Scaramouche by Rafael Sabatini, Charles Baudouin, James Bryce, JME McTaggart, Maurice Maeterlinck, Gilbert Murray, Hermann Rorschach, Bertrand Russell, Albert Schweitzer, E Stern Rubarth, Joseph Weissenbert, Ludwig Wittgenstein, deaths of Auston Dobson (ENG), Friedrich Durrenmatt (SWI), Ivan Vazov (BUL), JG Huneker (USA), VG Korolenko (RUS), Emilia Pardo Bezan (ESP), Edgar Saltus (USA), Harriet E Spofford (USA), Sir John Hare (ENG), Prince Peter Kropotkin (RUS scientist and anarchist), John Burroughs (American Naturalist), Max Verworn (GER physiologist), Barrett Wendell (Harvard educator), William Warde Fowler (Eng historian), ART: Georges Braque, Carlo Carra, Max Ernst, Klee, Oskar Kokoschka, Fernand Leger, Frans Masereel, Munch (The Kiss), Picasso (Three Musicians), Duke of Westminster sells Gainsborough’s “Blue Boy” and Reynold’s “Portrait of Mrs. Siddons” for 200k pounds, death of English film pioneer William Friese-Greene, death of German sculpton Adolf von Hildebrand, death of Austrian painter Franz Defregger, MUSIC: Irving Berlin, Paul Hindermith, Arthur Honegger, Leos Janacek, Eduard Kunnecke, Hans Pfitzner, Prokofiev, Sigmund Romberg, Stravinsky, death of Italian tenor Enrico Caruso, British Musicians’ Union founded in London, death of French composer Camille Saint-Saens, remodeled Teatro alla Scala opens under the leadership of Arturo Toscanini, death of Swedish soprano Christine Nilsson, English concert tenor Gervase Elwes accidentally killed, “Die Walkure” becomes first Wagnerian opera to be staged at Paris Opera since before WWI, death of French composer Deodat de Severac, Festival of Contemporary Music at Donaueschingen, Nobel Prize for literature Anatole France, Gayety theater in Manchester closes due to lack of support for repertory art, “Der Querschnitt” (The Crosscut) German intellectual periodical appears, MUSIC: first of Irving Berlin’s music reviews, Paul Hindermith, Arthur Honegger, Leos Janacek, Eduard Kunnecke, Hans Pfitzner, Prokofiev, Sigmund Romberg, Stravinsky, death of Enrico Caruso Italian tenor, SCIENCE: Friedrich bergius hydrogenates coal into oil, JN Bronsted and G von Hevesy successfully separate isotopes, Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin develop the BCG tuberculosis vaccine, Chromosome theory of Heredity postulated by American biologist Thomas Hunt Morgan, Edgar Dacque initiates phylogenetically oriented paleontology, Friedrich Dessauer advocates medium- voltage x-ray therapy, Nobel Prize for Physics – Albert Einstein for photoelectricity, N side of Mt. Everest explored by British, death of Scottish Arctic explorer William Speirs Bruce, death of Scottish inventor of pneumatic rubber tire John Dunlop, Germanin for treatment of sleeping sickness discovered, Felix d’Herelle discovers bacteriophages, National Institute for Industrial Psychology founded in London, Ernst Kretschmer writes about “Physique and Character” US chemist Irving Langmuir formulates theories of atomic structure and absorption, Hermann J Oberth a founder of modern astronautice writes dissertation “The Rocket into Interplanetary Space”, Rutherford and Chadwick disintegrate all elements except oxygen carbon lithium and beryllium, Indian physicist Meghmed N Saha develops thermal ionization equation as it applies to interpretation of stellar spectra, Nobel Prize for Chemistry – Frederick Soddy for his studies of isotopes in nature, Otto Stern and W Gerlach show that a beam of atomic silver is split into two distinct beams on passing through nonhomogenous magnetic field, death of Nicolai E Zhukovski regarding aerodynamics, Australia wins the Ashes (cricket), First radio broadcast of a baseball game in NY, Swiss physician MO Bircher-Benner recommends more raw foods, BBC founded, Cuban Chess player Capablanca wins title from Lasker who held title since 1894, Country estate of Chequers presented to Great Britain by Lord Lee – becomes official country residence of the prime minister, Old game of table tennis revived, Radio station KDKA in Pittsburgh becomes first regular broadcasting, death of Sir Ernest Cassel the Anglo-German financier and philanthropist, Sacco and Vanzetti found guilty of murder, Populations: USSR 136m, US 107m, Japan 78m, Germany 60m, Britain 42.5m, unknown soldier interred at Arlington, Ku Klux Klan activities become violent in South, Jack Dempsey defeates Georges Carpentier in knockout, first sports play-by-play, popular musicians: Marion Harris, Van &zmp; Schneck (Ain’t We Got Fun?) Fanny Brice (Second Hand Rose), Paul Whiteman, Al Jolson, Saints call on Chief Justice Taft – give him Book of Mormon 1922 Bad year for tornadoes in US, Drought at horn of AFR, End of presidency of Hipolito Irigoyen in Argentina, Egypt becomes independent from Britain under King Fuad, Irish free state founded, Mussolini becomes prime minister, First portable radio and first car radio in US, Irish Free State founded, Drought in Volga region of Russia, Louis Armstrong leaves New Orleans * Tafts spend evening with Saints, Reed Smoot brings Elder George Albert Smith to meet the president, Truman elected judge of Jackson County MO, befriended by mission president Samuel O. Bennion, Annie Oakley age 62 performs for last time – her husband had been her assistant the whole time – injured in car accident later that year, death of English baritone Sir Charles Santley, UT – silent movie “The Covered Wagon” filmed in Garrison UT, Actress Marie Windsor born in Marysville, death of American preacher Lyman Abbott, death of British historian and diplomat Viscount Bryce, death of American department store innovator John Wanamaker, death of English chocolate manufacturer and social reformer George Cadbury, death of English poet and traveler Wilfred S Blunt, death of Italian novelist Giovanni Verga, death of English writer and naturalist WH Hudson, death of Spanish composer and musicologist Felipe Pedrell, death of French historian Ernest Lavisse, Cal quake 7.3, Chile/Argentina border quake 8.5, End Ukraine and Volga famine killing 5 million, Howard Carter discovers tomb of Tutankhamen, Frederick Banting and Charles Best treat diabetes with insulin, First dinosaur eggs discovered, Japan launches Hosho the aircraft carrier, Pope Pius XI orders Italian clergy not to become part of the Partito Popolare – enables Mussolini, death of 1907 Nobel Prize winner for medicine French physician Charles Laveran, death of Scottish born American inventor Alexander Graham Bell, death of English cartoonist Leslie Ward “Spy”, French writer Marcel Proust dies, Mussolini comes to power in Italy, first technicolor film (Germany), Elliot's "The Waste land", Joyce's "Ulysses", death of Japanese poet and translator of Faust Mori Ogai, German statesman Walther Rathenau assassinated, death of English music-hall star Marie Lloyd, death of French novelist Marcel Proust, death of British explorer Ernest Shackleton, Ramond Poincare succeeds Aaristide Briand as Prime Minister of France, Walter Rathenau named German Foreign Minister, Cardinal Achille Ratti elected Pope Pius XI to succeed Pope Benedict XV, US Japanese naval agreement signed, Britain recognizes Kingdom of Egypt under Fuad I, Gandhi sentenced ti sux years imprisonment for civil disobedience, death of Ex-Emperor Charles of Austria, Conference of Genoa, Treaty of Rapallo sogned between Germany and USSR, Germany cedes upper Silesia to Poland, Ignaz Seipel named Federal Chancellor of Austria, Walter Rathenau assassinated by German fanatics, Leafue of Nations council approves mandates for Palestine and Egypt, Arab Congress at Nablus rejects British mandate for Palestine, Protectionist tariff established in the US, King Constantine of Greece abdicated – George II succeeds him until 1924 and again from 1935-47, Geneva Protocol – Austria denounces Anschluss, Unemployed Glasgow workers undertake hunger march to London, A Bonar Law (Conservative) becomes Prime Minister of Britain – succeeds David Lloyd George (Liberal), Friedrich Ebert reelected German president, Mussolini’s March on Rome, Mussolini forms Fascist government, Mustapha Kernal proclaims Turkey a republic, US Congressional election reduces Republican majority, Wilhelm Cuno named German chancellor, President Pilsudski of Poland resigns, Irish Free State officially proclaimed, Soviet states form USSR, Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear named President of the Argentine, Nobel Peace Prize Fridjof Nansen, Erskine Childers the Irish politician and writer executed, death of Boer general and politician Christiaan De Wet, Sir Henry Wilson the British field marshal and politician assassinated, WRITERS: JJ Bernard, Bertolt Brecht, John Buchan, Willa Cather, TS Eliot, F Scott Fitzgerald, John Galsworthy, Roger Martin du Gard, Maxim Gorki, Herman Hesse (Siddhartha), Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Johannes V Jensen, James Joyce (Ulysses published in Paris – 500 copies burned), SH Lawrence, Sinclair Lewis, Katherine Mansfield, Victor Margueritte, Francois Mauriac, Andre Maurois, AA Milne, Anne Nichols, Eugene O’Neill, Luigi Pirandello, RM Rilke, Edward Arlington Robinson, Romain Rolland, Booth Tarkington, Eugene Vakhtangov (Habima production), Paul Valery, Hugh Walpole, Rebecca West, Virginia Woolf, Stefan Zweig, Maurice Baring, James Elroy Flecker, David Garnett, AE Housman, Eugene O’Neill, Edith Sitwell, DIedrich Bischoff, Rudolf Carnap, John Dewey, Etienne Gilson, Herbert Hoover, CE Montague, Ferdinand Tonnies, Max Weber, DEATHS: French dramatist Henri Bataille, Mori Ogai (creator of modern Japanese literature), Marcel Proust, Wilfred Scawen Blunt, James Viscount Bryce (British scholar), AV Dicey (English jurist), English astronomer Sir William Christie, death of English classical scholar Sir John Edwin Sandys, Nouvelles litteraires founded in Paris, P.E.N. club founded in London, Stanislavsky goes on a tour of Europe with Moscow Arts Theater, TS Eliot founds literary journal, Mr. and Mrs. Dewitt Wallace found “Reader’s Digest”, Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter discover tomb of Tutankhamen, ART: Max Beckmann, Max Beerbohm, Clive Bell, Paul Klee, David Low (political cartoons), John Marin, Joan Miro, PW Steer, Marc Chagall leaves Russia for Paris, LCC County Hall in London completed, Films: “Dr. Mabuse the Gambler” “The Loves of Pharaoh” “Grandma’s Boy” “Nosferaty” “Nanook of the North”, “The Orphans of the Storm”, “Last of the Mohicans” “Glorius Adventure”, Robert Delaunay paints celebrated portraits, Vassily Kandinsky elected professor at Bauhaus, Andre Masson experiments with cubism, death of English cartoonist Sir Leslie Ward, MUSIC: Arnold Bax, Irving Berlin, Carl Nielsen, Ottorino Respighi, Igor Stravinsky, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Arthur Bliss, Paul Hindemith, death of Hungarian conductor Arthur Nikisch, Louis Armstrong arrives in Chicago from New Orleans, International Society for Contemporary Music formed in Vienna, death of Spanish composer Felipe Pederell, deaths of Rutland Barrington (ENG), Lillian Russell (USA), Luigi Denza (ITA), Benedictines of Solesmes (Gregorian chants) return to their abbey, death of English baritone Sir Charles Santley, SCIENCE: Aniakchak volcano discovered on Alaskan coast, Nobel Prize for chemistry Francis Aston with mass spectrography, death of Alexander Graham Bell, PMS Blackett experiments with transmutation of elements, Nobel Prize for chemistry Niels Bohr, WW BOclentz obtains accurate measurements of relative therman intensities of star images, English Massolle and Vogt develop a sound film system “Tri-Ergon” but are not able to carry it through, Evans and Bishop discover antisterility Vitamin E, Henry Ford writes, John Harwood invents self- winding wristwatch, death of English explorer John Moresby in Australia, Czech chemist Jaroslav Hegrovsky investigates electrode potential of aluminum, Nobel Prize for medicine AV Hill and O Meyerhof for physiochemical muscle exams, death of English naturalist WH Hudson, Insulin first administered to diabetics, death of French physician Alphonse Laveran, American zoologist TH Morgan experiments with heredity in fruit flies, death of British pioneer in malaria Sir Patrick Manson, Dr. Alexis Carrel discovers white corpuscles, death of Ernest Shackleton the English Antarctic explorer, the Austin Seven popularizes motoring, BBC 2LO begins broadcast, Stockmarket “boom” starts in America, American cocktail becomes popular in Europe, International Union for Cultural Cooperation founded in Vienna, Remarkable gliding flights accomplished in Germany (3 hours),New Ku Klux Klan gains political power in US, death of English singer Marie Lloyd, Mercedes-Daimler cars dominate racing, Nansen Passports used as travel documents for stteless persons, Emily Post publishes “Etiquette”, death of George Cadbury the English chocolate manufacturer and social reformer, Federal narcotics Control Board established by President Harding, Lord Rothermere in London inherits “Daily Mail”, Hannes Schneider the Austrian skiing champion opens school, Victor Silvester becomes world dancing champion, Dr. Marie Stopes holds meeting in Queen’s Hall London advocating birth control, King George V opens new tennis stadium at Wimbledon, “Classic Style” prevails in women’s fashions, Governor of Georgia appoints first woman as US senator – one-day term, Rose Bowl ends in scoreless tie, Popular artists: Al Jolson, Fanny Brice, Lambert Murphy (I Dream of Jeannie With The Light Brown Hair), Paul Whiteman, Carl Fenton, Tafts spend evening with Saints, Reed Smoot brings Elder George Albert Smith to meet the president, Truman elected judge of Jackson County MO, befriended by mission president Samuel O. Bennion 1923 Kanto Japan quake leads to 1927 economic slump, Ethiopia admitted to League of Nations, Mustafa Kemal becomes president of Turkey, Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera in Spain, Fire in Berkeley CA, Earthquake and fires in Tokyo with tsunami killing 143 k, Hardings visit Utah - months later dies of heart attack in San Francisco, Grants prays for Coolidge in general conference, CA quake 7.2, possible tsunami in NY, Kamchatka quake 8.5 (Russia Aleutians), Bessie Smith records “Down Hearted Blues” which sells 800,000 copies, Juean de la Cierva flies his autogiro, Mar - F5 tornado hits Pinson, TN, death of English jurist Frederic Harrison, death of Dutch physicist and Nobel prize winner (1910) Johannes Diderik van der Waals, death of Scottish chemist Sir James Dewar, death of French actress Sarah Bernhardt, Germs causing tooth decay identified, Vladimir Zworykin invents electronic camera tube, Electrolux produces first electronic refrigerators, Vatican Secretary of State supports Mussolini’s dissolution of Partito Popolare, death of German caricaturist Adolf Oberlander, death of French novelist Pierre Loti, Yeats wins Nobel prize in literature, Andrew Bonar Law the British statesman dies, US Attorney General legalizes women wearing pants anywhere, Coco Chanel launches Chanel No. 5 perfume, Barney’s clothing store opens as Barney Pressman pawns wife’s ring, death of French author Maurice Barres, death of Warren G Harding, death of New Zealand-born British author Katherine Mansfield, Alexander I succeeds his father Peter I as King of Yugoslavia, Centers of Tokyo and Yokohama destroyed by earthquake – 120k dead, Miguel Primo de Rivera assumes dictatorship in Spain, death of English liberal statesman Lord John Morley, Germany abandons passive resistance, Teapot Dome oil scansal hearings in Washington DC, Abyssinia admitted to League of Nations, German mark drops in value to 1 dollar is 4 million marks, Ankara replaces Istanbul as capital of Turkey, A Bonar Law first British Prime Minister of Canadian origin dies, Hitler’s coup in Munich fails (Beer Hall Putsch), Wilhelm Marx succeeds Stresemann as German chancellor, King George II deposed by Greek Army, Count Richard N Condenhove-Kalergi founds Pan-Europa movement, Crown Prince William returns to Germany from exile in the Netherlands, Chaim Weizmann names President of Zionist World Organization, death of Stojan Protic first prime minister of Yugoslavia, death of Alexander Stambolisky Premier of Bulgaria, death of Yakub Khan Amir of Afghanistan, death of US naval officer Charles D Sigsbee, death of Mexican national hero Pancho Villa, death of French statesman Theophile Delcasse, Tri- state conclave of Ku Klux Klan held in Kokomo IN with 200k members, US Senate recalls forces from Rhineland, Germany declares policy of passive resistance, death of Jewish writer and Zionist politician Max Nordau, French army occupies Darmstadt Karlsruhe and Mannheim, British Prime Minister Bonar Law resigns and Stanley Baldwin forms new government with Neville Chamberlain as Chancellor of the Exchequer, Transjordan becomes independent under Amir Abdullah, New York Prohibition Enforcement Act repealed by Governor Alfred E Smith, London dock strike, Non-Fascist parties dissolve in Italy, Ahmed Zogu emerges as Albania’s leader, death of WG Harding Veep Calvin Coolidge presides, Gustav Stresemann elected German Chancellor, Mustapha Kemal elected President of Turkey, Martial law established in OK to protect people from attacks by the KKK, WRITERS: Francois Mauriac, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Ferenc Molnar, Elmer Rice, Jules Romains, Felis Salten (Bambi), Dorothy L Sayers, Italo Suevo, Felix Timmermans, Sutton Vane, Franz Werfel, PG Wodehouse, e.e. cummings, Vincent Youmans, Kate Douglas Wiggin, Martin Buber, Sigmund Freud (Ego and Id), Salvador de Madariaga, Alfred Marshall, Fritz Mauthner, Philip Barry, Arnold Bennett, Karel Capek, Willa Cather, Agatha Christie, Colette, Joseph Conrad, Owen Davis, Olav Duun, Robert Frost, Knut Hamsun, Fannie Hurst, SH Lawrence, Jose Ortega y Gasset, Romain Rolland, Albert Schweitzer, Nathan Soderblom, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, DEATHS: Louis Couperus (DUT), Charles Hawes (USA), Maurice Hewlett (ENG), Emerson Hough (USA), Raymond Radiguet (FRA), Iwan Gilkin (BEL), Morris Rosenfeld (RUS-USA), Kate Douglas Wiggin (USA), Maurice Barres (FRA), Sarah Bernhardt (FRA), Charles Hawtrey (ENG), Pierre Loti (FRA), Katherine Mansfield (ENG), Ernst Troeltsch (GER), Bernard Bosanquet (ENG), Ooscar Browning (ENG), Frederic Harrison (ENG), William Roscoe Thayer (USA), Nobel prize for literature: William Butler Yeats, Book of Cambridge Ancient History begins to appear, Lutheran World Congress convenes in Germany, ART: Max Beckmann, Marc Chagall, Raoul Dufy, Raymond Hood (Chicago Tribune building), Augustus John, Vassily Kandinsky, Paul Nash, Pablo Picasso, Stanley Spencer, Maurice Utrillo, Maurice de Vlaminck, Le Corbusier, DEATHS: Josquin Sorella Bastida (ESP), End of Dada movement, Films –“Fridericus Rex”, “Robin Hood” (Douglas Fairbanks) “Why Worry” “The Pilgrim” (Chaplin), “Don Juan and Faust”, “Gosta Berling”, Royal Fine Arts Comission formed in Britain, MUSIC: Bartok, Ernest Bloch, Leo Fall, Manuel de Falla, George Gershwin (Rhapsody in Blue), Jean Gilbert, Gustav Holst, Honegger, Ernst Krenek, Francis Poulenc, Baurice Ravel, Ottorino Respighi, EN von Reznicek, Albert Roussel, Othmar Schoeck, Jean Sibelius, Igor Stravinsky, Diegfried Wagner, Vincent Youmans, Paul Hindemith, “Bix” Beiderbecke organizes jazz band in Chicago, Joseph “King” Oliver and “Jelly Roll” Morton record New Orleans –style jazz, Robert Mayer founds Children’s Concerts in London, Popular Songs: “Yes, We Have No Bananas” “Tea for Two”, “Barney Google”, “I want to be Happy” (Form No No Nanette) “Just A Kiss in the Dark”, SCIENCE: EN da C Andrade writes about the atom, LA Bauer analyzes earth’s magnetic field, Theory of acids and bases postulated by Bronsted, Spanish inventor Juan de la CIerva develops principle of the autogiro (helicopter forerunner), US physicist AH Compton discovers that x-rays change wavelengths when scattered, Emile Coue arrives in America for speaking tour, Dutch physicist PJW Debye discusses crystallization and ionization, Lee de Forest demonstrates process for sound motion pictures, Gustave Eiffel dies (FRA), Hevesy and Coster discover hafnium, US astronomer Edwin P Hubble discovers variable star in Andromeda nebula, British scientist Frederick Lindemann Lord Cherwell investigates meteor sizes and upper atmosphere, Nobel Prize for Physics RA Millikan for work with charge and photoelectricity, USSR establishes its first polar station, Nobel Prize for chemistry Fritz Pregl (AUS) for microanalysis of organics, death of Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen (GER), Ross Institute of Tropical Medicine in London founded, Swedish chemist Theodor Svedberg develops ultracentrifuge, John B Tytus invents new method of rolling steel, death of Dutch physicist J Diderik van der Waals, death of 5th Earl of Carnarvon (discoverer of Tutenkhamen’s tomb) age 63, death of Scottish chemist and physicist Sir James Dewar, death of American electrical engineer Charles P Steinmetz, Aeroflot founded in USSR, First birth-control clinic opens in New York, death of English music hall star Albert Chevalier, First English F.A. Cup Final played at Wembley Stadium, Gregorian Calendar introduced into USSR, John Maynard Keynes writes about monetary reform, German aircraft designer Willy Messerschmitt establishes his aircraft factory, Henry Morgenthau writes autobiography, Mother’s Day celebrated in Europe, NV and MT introduce old-age pensions, Paavo Nurmi runs a 4-minute mile, + 10 seconds, “London Radio Times” appears, Briton Hadden and Henry R Luce found “Time” magazine, First crossing of Channel from France to England by swimmer Enrique Tiriboschi (Argentina), death of English physician and founder of Red Cross Society Sir Frederick Treves, Colonel Jacob Schick patents electric razor, Russian immigrant Vladimir Kosma Zworykin patents first television transmission tube – color tube in 1925, Paul Whiteman, Al Jolson, Bill Murray & Ed Smalle, Marion Harris, Hardings visit Utah - months later dies of heart attack in San Francisco, Grants prays for Coolidge in general conference 1924 Chinese nationalist party Kuomintang holds first national conference, First British Labour Party victory, death of Vladimir Lenin, Florence SC tornadoes, Hitler imprisoned for sedition against Weimar republic, UT mine disaster, Aug - 96 degree water temp measured in Persian Gulf, Dec - Temps fall 79 degrees in 24 hours (88 in 34 hours) from 63 to -25, The Gershwin brothers begin composing, U.S. withdraws from Dominican Republic but remains as protector, UT – Mine explosion kills 173 at Castle Gate, death of German physiologist Viktor Hensen, death of Scottish geologist Sir Archibald Geikie, death of French composer and organist Theodore Dubois, death of German landscape painter Hans Thoma, death of Danish botanist Johann Sugenius Bulow Warming, death of English economist Alfred Marshall, death of Teofilo Braga the first interim president of Portugal – also poet and scholar, death of Anatole France the French novelist, death of US psychologist G Stanley Hall, possible tsunami in New York, U.S. Immigration Act restricts Africans entering the country, stars discovered beyond Milky Way, Louis de Broglie proposes matter is both wave and particle, John Logie Baird builds working television, Earle Dickson invents Band-Aid, Ernst Alexanderson transmits first facsimile message across Atlantic, Gershwin premiers Rhapsody in Blue, Vatican orders priests to resign from Partito Popolare, death of French composer Gabriel Faure, death of 1919 Nobel Prize winner and Swiss author Carl Spitteler, Stalin comes to Power, Breton publishes Surrealist manifesto in France, death of Irish composer and conductor Sir Charles Villiers Stanford, death of English novelist Marie Corelli (Mary Mackay), death of US President Woodrow Wilson, death of Anglo-Polish novelist Joseph Conrad (Korzeniowski), death of Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini, death of Italian actress Elonora Duse, death of Italian pianist and composer Ferruccio Busoni, death of Russian Communist leader Nikolai Lenin, death of Austrian novelist Franz Kafka, Venizelos becomes Prime Minister of Greece, death of Lenin founder of USSR, Stanley Baldwin resigns and Ramsay macDonald forms Labour government in Britain, Britain recognizes USSR, death of #28 Woodrow Wilson, Edwin Denby US Navy Secretary forced to redign because of Teapot Dome oil leases, Ahmed Shah of Persia dethroned and Reza Khan appointed regent, Greece proclaimed republic, Hitler sentenced to five years imprisonment – released after 8 months, First elections in Italy under Fascist methods – 65% go for Mussolini, Pan- American Treaty sogned to prevent conflicts between nations, US bill limits immigrants – excludes all Japanese, Attempt on the life of Austrian Chancellor Ignaz Seipel, Giacomo Matteotti leater of Italian socialists murdered by Fascist Quadristi, Republican convention in Cleveland – Coolidge nominated with Charles Dawes for vice presidency, Gaston Doumerque elected President of France – Edouard Herriot becomes premier, Democrats nominate JW Davis with WJ Bryan for vice presidency, JBM Herzog wht S African Anti-british statesman becomes Prime Minister of the Union, London Conference approves Dawes Report which removes German reparations from sphere of political controversy, New reichsmark introduced, London Foreign Office publishes Zinoviev letter where the Third International allegedly instructs Britons to incite revolution, Coolidge elected, Stanley Baldwin elected British Prime Minister – Winston Churchill switches to conservatives and is named Chancellor of the Exchequer, Albanian Republic founded, Stalin Zinoviev and Kamenev ally against Trotsky, death of American legislator Henry Cabot Lodge, death of Japanese Statesman Mar uis Matsukata, death of French field marshal in WWI Robert Nivelle, J Edgar Hoover apponted Bureau of Investigation (renamed FBI in 1935), WRITERS: Maxwell Anderson and Laurence Stallings, Michael Arlen, Marc Connelly and George S Kaufman, Noel Coward, Svend Fleuron, EM Forster (Passage to India), Irving Babbitt, Karl Barth, Robert Frost, John Galsworthy, Andre Gide, Sidney Howard, Georg Kaiser, Margaret Kennedy, EE Kisch, Klabund, Ring Lardner, Thomas Mann, EFT Marinetti, John Masefield, George Jean Nathan founds “The American Mercury”, Sean O’Casey, Eugene O’Neill, Paul Raynal, Arthur Schnitzler, Alexander Serafimovic, Bernard Shaw, KS Stanidlavsky, Mark Twain (posthumously), Paul Valery, Mary Webb, Franz Werfel, Bestseller is PG WOdehouse’s “Jeeves”, JR Commons, Sigmund Freud, Ellen Key, Albert Schweitzer, DEATHS: Joseph Conrad (ENG-POL), Marie Corelli (ENG), Eleonora Duse (ITA), Anatole France (FRA), FH Bradley (ENG), Frank Kafka (GER), Sabine Baring-Gould (Onward Christian Soldiers writer) (ENG), John R Coryell (USA), Valery Bryusov (RUS), Carl Spitteler (SWI), Francies Hodgson Burnett (ENG-USA)(Little Lord Fauntleroy), death of philosopher ALois Riehl (AUS), Maffeo Pantaleoni (ITA), Basil L Gildersleeve (USA), Ancient Monuments Society founded in London, English orientalist EAW Budge edits works of Baraalam and Yearsef, Max Reinhardt opens theater in Vienna, Tsukiji Little Theater opens in Tokyo, Gandhi fasts for 21 days, ART: Georges Brawue, Marc Chagall, Gwen John, OSkar Kokoschka, Edwin Lutyens (architecture), Wilhelm-Marx Haus built as one of German skyscrapers, Joan Miro, Pablo Picasso (abstract period), Lewis Mumford (social history of architecture), Die Blauen VIer (Blue Four) expressionist painters include Feininger Jawlensky Kandinsky and Klee, Italian painter Girogio de Chirico arrives in Paris, Jean Gris lectures at the Sorbonne, Death of Leon Bakst (RUS painter), Emile Claus (Flem painter), Maurice Prendergast, Lousi Sullivan, Films: “The Last Laugh” “The Nibelungs””America””The Ten Commandments” (Cecil B De Mille), “The Thief of Bagdad” (D Fairbanks), “Nana” “The City that Never Sleeps” “The Navigator” (Buster Keaton), “Entracte” “Le Ballet Mechanique”, MUSIC: Paul Bekker, Alban Berg, Rudolf Friml, George Gershwin, Leos Janacek, Emmerich Kalman, Ottorino Respighi, Sigmund Romberg, Arnold Schonberg, Jean Sibelius, Richard Strauss, Igor Stravinsky, Deaths: Ferruccio Busoni (ITA), Gabriel Faure (FRA), Victor Herbert (IRE-USA), Giacomo Puccini (ITA), Sir Charles V Stanford (IRE), Sergei Koussevitzky appointed chief conductor of Boston Symphony Orchestra, SCIENCE: RC Andrews discovers Mesozoic dinosaur skeletons in Gobi Desert, English physicist EV Appleton demonstrates that short wave radio waves penetrate more, Bailey Moresehead and Ward find source of Brahmaputra-Tsangpo River in Tibet, French physicist Louice Prince de Broglie publishes regarding wave theory, Henry Draper Catalogue (225k stars) published by Harvard, German airship pioneer Hugo Eckener flies across Atlantic, English astronomer Arthur Eddington discovers luminosity related to mass of stars, Nobel Prize for Medicine Willem Einthoven for work in electrocardiography, German engineer Anton Flettner constructs 3- masted schooner, death of US psychologist Granville S Hall, Karl Haushofer writes about geopolitics of the Pacific, Patent application for iconoscope (TV) filed by Russian-American VK Zworikin, Insecticides first used, WP Koppen and A Wegener writes about early climated, death of English economist Alfred Marshall, death of American engineer (Holand Tunnel) Clifford Holland, World Power Conference held in London, Danish polar explorer Knud Rasmussen completed longest dog-sledge journey up to Point Barrow AK, Central Office for Examination of Rocket Problems founded in Moscow, Nobel Prize for Physics Kark MG Siegbahn for work in x-ray spectroscopy, death of Scottish geologist Sir Archibald Geikie, death of German-American physiologist Jacques Loeb, death of German physicist georg H Quincke, death of German anatomist Wilhelm Roux, death of Danish botanist Eugen Warming, death of English physiologist Sir William Bayliss, British Imperial Airways begins operations, World Chess League founded at the Hague, 10th million car produced by Ford Co. Auguste Forel publishes “Why we should avoid alcohol”, German mass murderer Fritz Haarmann (26 victims) sentenced to death by decapitation, Mah-Jong craze worldwide, first winter Olympics at Chamonix, death of Samuel Gompers president of AFL, Notre Dame under coaching of Knute Rockne, Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb sentenced to life imprisonment for kidnap-slaying of 17-year- old Bobby Franks,Will Rogers at height of career, 25 million radios in US, Popular musicians: Al Jolson (California Here I Come), Isham Jones (It Had to be You), Gershwin (Rhapsody in Blue), Ernest Hare & Billy Jones, Vernon Dalhart 1925 Deadliest tornado storms hit MO IL IN (tri-state tornado) kills 689-695, Galveston TX hurricane, End of struggle for power of Sun Yat-sen in China, Mussolini changes from prime minister to dictator, Locarno Agreements between major European powers for stability, End of presidency of Juan Bautista Saavedra in Bolivia, Earthquake in China, Hitler released from prison, Coolidge and Smoot go on a trip to Plymouth MA, Mar - Tri-state tornado hits MO IL and IN, 2 feet of snow fall across North East, Rodgers and Hart begin to work together for Broadway, death of German traveler in Africa and discoverer of pygmies George A Schweinfurth, death of French astronomer Camille Flammarion, death of English philosopher and psychologist James Ward, death of US novelist George W Cable, quakes in CA MT and CAN over 6.3, Josephine Baker begins to perform, Louis Armstrong begins work on Hot Five and Hot Seven recordings, Scopes Money Trial between Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan, First solo nonstop from Ny to Paris by Lindbergh, Kafka's "The Trial" published, death of English novelist H Rider Haggard, death of German painter Lovis Corinth, death of Rudolf Steiner founder of Anthroposophical society, death of 1924 Nobel Prize winner and Polish novelist Wladislau Reymont, death of German Social Democratic leader Friedrich Ebert, death of Mohammed Ali of Persia, Hollywood releases Phantom of the Opera film, Christiana Norway renamed Oslo, Mrs. Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming becomes first woman governor, FB Kellogg appointed US Secretary of State, Hans Luther named German Chancellor, death of German president Friedrich Ebert, death of Chinese statesman Sun Yat-sen, death of British statesman Lord Curzon, Japan introduces general suffrage for men, Paul Painleve elected Premier of France, Abd-el-Krim revolt begins in morocco – Petain French Commander-in-Chief, Hindenburg elected President of Germany, Cyprus becomes British Crown Colony, Coup in Athens – Theodore Pangalos becomes premier, Unemployment Insurance Act enacted in Britain, death of Indian nationalist leader Surendranath Banerjea, Norway annexes Spitsbergen, Locarno Conference, Reza Khan ascends Persian throne, death of Queen Alexandra of Britain, British troops evacuate Cologne, KJ Voroshilov named Minister of War in USSR, Nobel Peace Prize for Austen Chamberlain (ENG) and CG Dawes (USA), Hitler reorganizes Nazi party – publishes Mein Kampf, British Dominions Office established, Dopolavore a Fascist recreation organization introduced in Italy, death of Swedish Socialist leader Jhalmar Branting, death of American Democrat William Jennings Bryan, death of Russian revolutionary army commander Mikhail Frunze, death of French general Charles Lanrezac, death of American army commander Nelson A Miles, death of American politician Robert M La Follette, death of French statesman Rene Viviani, death of Austrian field marshal Franz Conrad von Hotzendorf, death of English colonial administrator Sir George Goldie, WRITERS: Johannah von Ammers-Kuller, Ivan Bunin, Willa Cather, Noel Coward, e.e. cummings, Warwick Deeping, Maurice Dekobra, John Dos Passos, Theodore Dreiser, Ashley Dukes, John Erskine, Edna Ferber, F Scott Fitzgerald (The Great Gatsby), Fyodor V Gladkov, Maxim Gorki, Ernest Hemingway, Aldous Huxley, Franz Kafka, George Kelly, Selma Lagerlof, Sinclair Lewis (Arrowsmith), Emil Ludwig, Heinrich Mann, Somerset Maugham, Alfred Neumann, Martha Ostenso, CF Ramuz, EA Robinson, Gertrude Stein, Jules Supervielle, Lord Beaverbrook, Hilaire Belloc, Etienne Gilson, Lord Grey, H Hardtman, Harold Laski, Alain Locke, H de Man, Geza Roheim, DEATHS: H Rider Haggard (ENG), Teuvo Pakaala (FIN), Wadislaw Reymont (POL), James Lane Allen (USA), George W Cable (USA), Amy Lowell (USA), Edith M Thomas (USA), Rudolf Steiner, James Ward (ENG), Sir Paul Vinogradoff (RUS), “The New Yorker” published, Teatro d’Arte in Rome created, United Church of Canada founded, Hebrew U founded in Jerusalem, London Bible Society distributes 10.5 million bibles in 566 languages, Lutheran World Conference held in Oslo, Jesuits number 18,718 members, Trinity College NC changes name to Duke U after $40 million grant, ART: Marc Chagall, Lyonel Feininger, Duncan Grant, Oskar Kokoschka, Pablo Picasso, George Rouault, DEATHS: Lovis Corinth (GER), Films “Battleship Potemkin” “The Gold Rush” (Chaplin), “The Freshman”, “Lady Windermere’s Fan” “The Big Parade” “The Joyless Street” (Garbo), “The Ghost of the Moulin Rouge”, The Shaftesbury Memorial erected (by Alfred Gilbert) in London, Walter Gropius moves the Bahaus to Dessau from Weimar, death of Anglo-American painter John Singer Sargent, death of English sculptor Sir Hamo Thornycroft, death of artist George Bellows, MUSIC: Arnold Bax, Alban Berg, Ferruccio Busoni, Aaron Copland, Rudolf Friml, James Weldon Johnson (Book of American Negro Spirituals), Franz Lehar, Dame Nellie Melba, Carl Nielsen, Smitri Shostakovich, Death of Austrian composer Leo Fall, Chicago-style jazz arrives in Europe, Moritz Moszkowski (GER-POL), Jean de Reszke (POL-FRA), Erik Satie (FRA), first Guggenheim fellowship awarded to Aaron Copland, Popular song: “Show Me the Way to Go Home”, SCIENCE: Scottish inventor John Logie Baird transmits recognizable human features by television, German chemist Carl Bosch invents process for preparing hydrogen, Explorers Lincoln Ellsworth and Roald Amundsen reach latitude 87 degrees 44’in two amphibious phases, Fischer and Tropsch synthesis leads to synthetic oil, Noble Prize for Physics James Franck and Gustav Hertz for law of electron impact on an atom, death of German mathematician Felix Klein, First Leica camera built by Oskar Barnack, US physicist RA Millikan discovers cosmic rays in upper atmosphere, Austrian physicist Wolfgang Pauli works to explain atomic structure statistically, First International Congress of Radiologists held in London, Professor AO Rankine predicts taking motion picures in near future, Walter and Ida Noddack discover rhenium, Solar eclipse in New York, Theory of Uhlenbeck and Goudsmit show how spinning electron accounts for Pauli formalism, Theory of gene-centers postulated by Russian botanist NI Vavilov, death of English chemist Sir Thomas Thorpe, French-Russian surgeon Serge Voronoff combines animal and human experimentation, death of German bacteriologist August von Wassermann, Nobel Prize for Chemistry Richard Zsigmondy for hetrogenous nature of colloids, John T Scopes goes to trial for teaching evolution in TN – defended by Clarence Darrow with William Jennings Bryan prosecuted – convicted than acquitted on technicality, death of Walter Camp “Father of Football”, Malcolm Campbell increases land speed record to 150.86 mph, The Charleston becomes fashionable dance, Chrysler Corporation founded, Crossword puzzles become fashionable, Female fashions include straight dresses with short skirts and cloche hats, Fird Motor Company’s German subsidiary begins operations, Madison Swuare Garden opened (new), International convention inveighs against illegal narcotics trade, All-Amedrican teams begin in “Collier’s Weekly”, Tennessee forbids teaching sex education, Harold S Vanderbilt devises contract bridge, death of First Viscount Leverhulme the English soap manufacturer, Alelxander Alekhine plays 28 simultaneous chess games while blindfolded, radio’s “The Smith Family” introduces soap opera format, Ben Bernie (Sweet Georgia Brown), Marion Harris (Tea for Two), Marian Anderson (Nobody Knows the Trouble I’ve Seen), If You Knew Susie (Like I Know Susie), Paul Whiteman (Charleston), Coolidge and Smoot go on a trip to Plymouth, MA 1926 End of Taisho period in Japan, In Britain, John Logie Baird invents the television, Panama and US agreement to protect Panama during wartime, Dover NJ lightning storm, Miami FL cyclone, Cyclone hits Cuba, Landslide in Bosnia, Weakened Annie Oakley dies at home – possibly lead poisoning – 18 days later her husband dies of illness, Paris population reaches 2.8 million, Sep - Great Miami Hurricane kills 243, Nov - F4 tornado in MD kills 14, Oscar Hammerstein II starts composing, "Bojangles" appears on stage, death of American educator and president of Harvard Charles W Eliot, death of American politician Joseph G. Cannon, death of French painter Claude Monet, death of English born South African statesman John X Merriman, death of English author CM Doughty, death of American pioneer in Hawaii Sanford B Dole, death of 1906 Nobel Peace recipient for medicine Camillo Golgi, tsunami hits Maine, two CA quakes over 6.0, US ship Suduffco disappears in Bermuda Triangle – some claims destroyed by sea monster but no evidence ever found, Negro history Week established, Schomburg Collection of Black Culture donated to NY public libraries, Schrodinger introduces wave mechanics, X-rays create mutations in fruit flies, Robert Goddard launches first liquid-fueled rocket, death of Serbian statesman Nikola Pasic, death of Swedish author and pedagogue Ellen Key, Hirohito takes power in Japan, Iraq and Saudi Arabia become independent, death of French psychologist Emile Coue, death of English novelist and Zionist Israel Zangwill, death of Austrian poet Rainer Maria Rilke, death of dancer Isadora Duncan due to freak accident involving her scarf, Ibn Saud becomes King of Saudi Arabia, Tension between Italy and Germany over South Tirol, Fascist youth Organizations “Ballilla” in Italy and Hitlerjugend in Germany founded, General strike called in Britain, Josef Pilsudski stages coup in Poland, Republic of Lebanon proclaimed, End of Abd-el-Krim’s Riff war, McNary-Haugen bill calling for a tariff on agricultural products defeated in US, Poincare elected Premier of France, Germany admitted to League of Nations, Ignaz Seipel elected Austrian Chancellor, Dr. Joseph Goebbels named Nazi Gauleiter of Berlin, German ministers take office in Czechoslovak government, Trotsky and Zinoviev expelled from Moscow, Italy and Albania sign Treaty of Tirana, HIrohito succeeds father Yoshihito as Emperor of Japan, Nobel Peace Prize Briand and Stresemann, Lord Halifax named Viceroy of India, death of American politician Joseph G (Uncle Joe) Cannon, death of Russian politician Felix Dzerzhinsky, death of American politician Alton B Parker, death of American Eugene V Debs, death of S African statesman John X Merriman, WRITERS: Georges Bernanos, Louis Bromfield, Karel Capek, Concha Espina, William Faulkner, John Galsworthy, Andre Gide, Paul Green, Ernest Hemingway (The Sun Also Rises), Sidney Howard, Franz Kafka, SH Lawrence, TE Lawrence, Sinclair Lewis turns down Pulitzer, Amy Lowell, Emil Ludwig, Maurice Maeterlinck, W Somersat Maugham, AA Milne (Winnie the Pooh), Henri de Montherlant, Alfred Neumann, Sean O’casey, Eugene O’Neill, B Reaven, Edgar Wallace, HG Wells, Thornton Wilder, JM Keynes, Kenneth Lindsay, M Rostovzeff, RH Tawney, GM Trevelyan, Paul Valery, Death of Rainer Maria Rilke (GER), Israel Zangwill (ENG), Ronald Firbank (ENG), WL George (ENG), Jean Richepin (FRA), George Sterling (USA), Arthur Walkley (ENG), Bestseller “Sorrell and Son”, death of German philosopher Rudolf Eucken, Elley Key (SWE educationalist), Emil Kraepelin (GER), Sir Erskine Holland (ENG), Ernest Belfort Bax (ENG), Cardinal Joseph Mercier (BEL), death of Charles W Eliot American educator and Harvard president, Sarah Lawrence College founded in Bronxville NY, Book of the Month Club founded, Nobel Prize for literature Grazia Deledda, German stigmatic Therese Neumann in the Bavarian village of Konnersreuth, Reading University in England founded, ART: Marc Chagall, Jacov Epstein, Augustus John, Oskar Kokoschka, Henry Moore, Edvard Munch, JS Sargent, deaths: Joseph Pennell (USA), Mary Cassatt (USA), Rudolf Valentino (age 31 after finishing “The Son of the Sheik”), Claude Monet (FRA), Stanley Spencer creates murals for Burghclere Chapel in Hampshire, JS Sargent Memorial Expo in London, Ernst Lubitsch leaves Berlin for Hollywood, Movies: “Metropolis”, “Faust”, “Mother”, “Ben Hur” “Don Juan” (John Barrymore), MUSIC: Eugene D’Albert, George Antheil, Bela Bartok, Alban Berg, Paul Hindemith, Arthur Honeggar, Emmerich Kalman, Zoltan Kodaly, Ernst Krenek, Giacomo Puccini, Sigmund Romberg, Siegfried Wagner, William Walton, Kurt Weill, Duke Ellington’s first records appear, death of musician Hans Werner Henze, “Jelly Roll” Morton’s first recordings of jazz, death of Franz Kneisel American Romanian violinist, Popular Songs: “One Alone” “Desert Song” “Blue Room” “When Day is Done” “I Found a Million-Dollar Baby in the Five-and-Ten Cent Store”, “Bye Bye Blackbird”, SCIENCE: Amundsen Ellsworth and Nobile fly over North Pole to Alaska in airship “Norge”, Richard E Byrd and Floyd Bennett fly from Spitsbergen to North Pole and back, British General Electricity Board established, death of Danish astronomer John Dryer, “Electrola” recording technique established, Nobel Prize for Medicine Johannes Fibiger for cancer research, Robert H Goddard fires first liquid fuel rocket, Werner Heisenbert forther develops quantum theory, Kodak produces first 16mm movie film, Thomas H Morgan publishes theory of the gene, WP Murphy and George Minot treat pernicious anemia with liver extract, Nobel Prize for Physics Jean baptiste Perrin for discovery of equilibrium of sedimentation, Photomaton constructed by Russian inventor Anatole Josepho, Scott Polar Research Institute opens in Cambridge, Hermann Staudinger explores macromolecular chemistry, US biochemist James B Sumner observes urease enzyme, Nobel Prize for Chemistry Theodor Svedberg for work on disperse systems, death of English archaeologist Gertrude Bell, death of American horticulturist Luther Burbank, death of Italian physician and Nobel Prize winner for medicine Camillo Golgi, death of American geologist James F Kemp, William Bateson English biologist dies, death of Dutch physicist and Nobel Prize winner Heinke Kamerlingh-Onnes, death of English chemist Sir William Tilden, George Washington Bridge planned to span Hudson River between Fr. Lee NJ and Fort Washington NY, Alan Cobham flies from Croydon ENG to Capetown SAFR, to investigate long-term flight, death of Emile Coue the French psychotherapist (Day by day in every way I am getting better and better), Deutsche Lufthansa airline founded, Gertrude Ederle (USA) becomes first woman to swim English Channel, British Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) founded, HL Mencken writes, Permanent wave invented by Antonio Buzzacchino, death of German industrialist August Thyssen, Jack Dempsey beaten in boxing by Gene Tunney, Reforms in Turkey include abolition of polygamy – modernization of female attire – prohibition of fez and adoption of Latin alphabet, H VIerkotter swims the Channel in less than 13 hours, death of American newspaper publisher Edward W Scripps, Cushioned cork-center baseball introduced, Tennis “Match of the Century” as French Suzanne Lenglen defeats Helen Wills, death of Harry Houdini the American escape artist, RCA GE and Westinghouse establish NBC, popular artists: Vincent Lopez *Show Me The Way to go Home” “George Olson, Al Jolson, Vernon Dalhart, Jan Garber (Baby Face) 1927 Economic depression hits Japan, Kuomintang leader Chaing Kai-shek establishes government at Nanking – Communists challenge his rule, Canberra becomes capital of Australia, Cairo IL flood, Tornadoes Poplar Bluff MO, Earthquake in China kills 200 k 7.9, Louisiana gets 15 inches of rain in one day (Apr 15) and lightning knocks out pumps – 4’ of water * Smoot begins to push for Hoover’s presidential bid, death of American feminist Victoria Woodhull, death of Carlotta wife of Emperof Maximilian of Mexico, death of Italian statesman Luigi Luzzatti, death of Danish critic and scholar George Brandes, death of English portrait painter Sir Luke Fildes, 7.6 quake in Japan kills 7.6, CA quake at 7.1, PA Pittsburgh gasometer explosion of 5 million cubic feet of natural gas kills 28, Holland Tunnel opens in NYC, Heisenberg proposes uncertainty principle, Georges Lemaitre proposes Big Bang, Charles Lindbergh crosses Atlantic, Harlem Globetrotters play first game in Hinckley IL, First "talkies", Woolf's "To The Lighthouse", death of 1903 Nobel Prize Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius, death of English author Jerome K Jerome, death of German publicist Maximilian Harden, death of Chinese statesman Sun Yat-sen, Inter-Allied military control of Germany ends, Economic conference in Geneva attended by 52 nations, Parliament House in Canberra AUS opened, “Black Friday” in Germany as the economic system completely collapses, Masaryk reelected President of Czechoslovakia, Socialists riot in Vienna – general strike takes place following acquittal of Nazis for political murder, Gottfried Feder publishes article on Hitler’s Nazi Party, FB Kellog (Sec of State) suggests pact for renunciation of war, Trotsky expelled from Communist Party, death of Romanian statesman Ion Bratianu, death of Carlotta former Empress of Mexico, death of Irish nationalist John Dillon, death of Ferdinand I King of Romania, death of American politician Lyman J Gage, death of Russian Soviet politician Leonid B Krassin, death of English statesman and Viceroy of India 5th, Marquis of Lansdowne, Irish politician Kevin O’Higgins assassinated, death of Russian czarist Sergei Sazonov, death of Egyptian statesman Zaghlul Pasha, death of first President of Latvia Janis Cakste, Nobel Prie for literature Henri Bergson (FRA), WRITERS: Louis Bromfield, Willa Cather, Jean Cocteau, Olav Duun, John Erskine, AA Fadeyev, Jean Giradoux, Knut Hamsun, Ernest Hemingway, Hermann Hesse (Steppenwolf), Franz Kafka (posthumously), EA Robinson, Mazo de la Roche, Sinclair Lewis, Francois Mauriac, Henri Michaux, Marcel Proust (posthumously), Robert E Sherwood, Upton Sinclair, B Traven, Georg von der Vring, Henry Williamson, Virginia Woolf, Arnold Zweig, Stefan Zweig, WB Yeats, Paul Claudel, Leon Brunschvicg, John Dewey, Sigmund Freud, Adolf von Harnack, Martin Heidegger, Lucien Levy-Bruhl, Bertrand Russell, DEATHS: Georg Brandes (DEN), Maximilian Harden, Jerome K Jerome, Mikhail Artzybashev (RUS), William Le QUeux (ENG), Matilda Serao (ITA), Arnold Daly (USA), Luigi Luzzatti (ITA), Benjamin Purnell (USA), Edward B Titchener (USA), Charles D Walcott (USA geology), DG Hogarth (ENG), Walter Leaf (ENG), Houstin Stewart Chamberlain (ENG born GER philosopher of Aryanism), Bestseller: Thornton Wilder’s “The Bridge of San Luis Rey”, ART: Georges Braque, Edward Burra, Marc Chagall, Charles Demuth, Jacob Epstein, George Grisz, Edward Hopper, Oskar Kokoschka, LE Corbusier (architect), Henri Matisse, Rex Whistler (frescoes), Heinrich Zille, Deaths Louis Fuertes (USA naturalist artist), Sir Sid Colvin (Eng), Films: “The Jazz Singer” (Jolson – first talkie), “Flesh and the Devil” (Garbo), “King of Kings” (De Mille), “Berlin”, “Underworld”, “Wedding March”, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Science founded, MUSIC: Franco Alfano, Bach – arranged by Wolfgang Graeser, Aaron Copland, George Gershwin (Funny Face), Arthur HOnegger, Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II (Show Boat), Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Ernst Krenek, Franz Lehar, Darius Milhaud, Richard Ridgers and Lorenz Hart (A Connecticut Yankee), Albert Roussel, Feodor Chaliapin, Dmitri Shostakovich, Igor Stravinsky, Harry Tierney, Kurt Weill, Jaromir Weinberger, Ermanno Wolf- Ferrari, Vincent Youmans, Death of Emil Mollenhauer (USA), Alois Haba develops theory of quarter-tone harmony, Lev Theremin invents earliest electronic musical instrument, Popular songs: “Ol’ Man River” “My Heart Stood Still” “My Blue Heaven”, Let a Smile Be Your Umbrella” “Blue Skies” SCIENCE: death of SWE chemist Svante Arrhenius, Noble Prize for Physics AH Compton for wavelength and CTR Wilson (SCO) for making charged particle tracks visible, Albert W Hall improves fluorescent lamps, W Heitler researches wave mechanics of valence, Siegfried Junjhans perfects process for continuous casting of non-ferrous metal, death of American inventor Hudson Maxim, Thomas H Morgan writes about embryology, CK Ogden founds London Orthological Institute, I{ {avlov writes about conditioned responses, Nobel Prize for Medicine Wagner von Jauregg (AUS) for treatmenr of dementia paralytica with malaria inoculation, George Whipple conducts experiments on pernicious anemia and tuberculosis, death of English physiologist Ernest H Starling, Nobel Prize for Chemistry Heinrich Wieland (GER) on research into bile acids, death of Sir Harry H Johnston British explorer of Mt. Kilamanjaro, Charles A Lindbergh flies monoplane “Spirit of St. Louis” nonstop across Atlantic, 15 millionth Model “T” prodouced, “Iron Lung” developed by Drinker and Shah, Holland Tunnel opens linking New York and New Jersey, Alexander Alekhine becomes world chess champion, Josephine Baker becomes star in Paris, BBCorporation takes over from BBCompany, First Expo for space flights in Moscow, Great Moffat Tunnel through Rocky Mountains opened, Harlem Globetrotters organized, Sonja Henia becomes Norwegian ice-skating champion, Industrial Health and Safety Centre opens in London, first use of crop dusters – CAN, Jockey Johnny Longden *USA) begins career, Great flood disaster in Lower MS valley, Babe Ruth hits 60th home run, Sacco and Vanzetti executed, Slow fox trot becomes fashionable dance, Vickers-Armstrong Ltd. To build machines and ships formed in London, Johnny Weissmuller swims 100 yards in 51 seconds, Deepest well in the world (8000 ft.) in CA, White City Grounds in London taken over by Greyhound Racing Association, death of Lizzie Borden of Fall River MA and murder suspect, Ruth Snyder and Judd Gray convicted of murder of Albert Snyder – her husband – electrocuted next year at Sing Sing, Philo Farnsworth transmits first all-electronic tv signal, popular musicians: Nick Lucas (4-leaf clover), Ben Bernie (Ain’t She Sweet?), Gene Austin (My Blue Heaven), Whispering Jack Smith, Frankie Trumbauer, Smoot begins to push for Hoover’s presidential bid 1928 Japanese troops murder military ruler of Manchuria, French begin to build fortification – the Maginot Line – on German border, Stalin launches five-year plan to expand industry, Fleming discovers Penicillin, Britain extends vote to women over 21, Foundation of Scottish National Party, Cyclone Lake Okeechobee FL, Cyclone in Antilles, Eruption of Mt Etna in Sicily, Great flood in London * Coolidge appoints J. Reuben Clark Jr. as undersecretary of state, Elder Smoot’s wife dies – President invites widower to stay at White House for a week, Hoover campaigns in Utah, Hoover asks Smoot about cabinet structure, Apr - 35 inches of snow falls in PA April 28th, Vaudeville partners with Joseph P. Kennedy's film company, death of American lawyer and wit Chauncey Depew, death of English historian and statesman Sir George Otto Trevelyan, death of American marathon walker who walked cross country E P Weston, death of English novelist and poet Thomas Hardy, death of Italian statesman Giovanni Giolitti, death of US geologist TC Chamberlin, death of Scottish neurologist Sir David Gerrier, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi isolates vitamin C, Margaret Mead publishes Coming of Age in Samoa, US adopts prohibition, death of English actress Ellen Terry, British author Thomas Hardy dies, Color television patented, Penicillin invented by Fleming of Scotland, death of Britishs Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith, death of German dramatist Hermann Sudermann, Clip-on tie designed, death of German physicist and 1911 Nobel Prize winner Wilhelm Wien, death of US chemist and 1914 Nobel Prize winner TW Richards, Chinese capital changes from Peiping to Beijing, death of British field marshal Douglas Earl of Haig, death of HH Asquith Earl of Ocfors and Asquith and Prime Minister of Great Britain, Gerneral Antonio Carmona becomes President of Portugal, Women’s suffrage in Britain reduced from age 30 to 21, Socialist Party nominates Norman Thomas for presidency in US, Worlers’ Party nominates William Z Foster, Italy signs 20-year treaty with Ethiopia, Kellogg-Briand Pact outlaws war – Paris signs, Albania proclaimed a kingdom with Zog I king, Beginning of first five-year plan in USSR, Chiang Kai-shek elected president of China, Republican Herbert Hoover sweeps 444-87, Owen D Young Committee appointed to examine German reparations, death of US politician Chauncey M Depew, death of Italian statesman Robert Lansing, death of German ambassador and diplomat Prince Lichnowsky, Alvaro Obregon President of Mexico assassinated, death of Irish nationalist leader William O’Brien, assassination of Croat politician Stefan Radic, death of Egyptian statesman Rushdi pasha, death of Indian statesman Satyendra Sinha, death of Russian anti-Bolshevik general Baron Piotr Wrangel, WRITERS: Philip Barry, Stephen Vincent Benet, Colette, John Van Druten, John Galsworthy, Federico Garcia Lorca, Jean Giraudoux, Margaret Radclyffe Hall, Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur, Aldous Huxley, Christopher Isherwood, Panait Istrati, Selma Lagerlof, DH Lawrence (Lady Chatterley’s Lover), Sinclair Lewis, Francois Mauriac, Andre Maurois, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Sean O’Casey, Eugene O’Neill, Carl Sancburg, Dorthy L Sayers, MA Sholokov, Upton Sinclair, Edgar Wallace, Evelyn Waugh, Virginia Woolf, Rudolf Carnap, Emile Chartier, AS Eddington, CG Jung, Emil Ludwig, Salvador de Madariaga, Benito Mussolini, Vernon L Parrington, Ludwig Pastor, Pope Pius Xi, George Bernard Shaw, Theodor Hendrik van der Velde, Deaths: Thomas Hardy (ENG), Klabund (GER), Holbrook Blinn (USA), Avery Hopwood (USA), Hermann Sudermann (GER), Ellen Terry (ENG), Vicente Blasco-Ibanez (ESP), CE Montague (ENG), Max Scheler (GER), Viscount Haldane (ENG), August Stetson (USA Christian Science), William G Hale (USA), Sir George Otto Trevelyan (ENG), Talcott Williams (USA), New English Dictionary completed, Moscow Habima Theater tours Palestine, Nobel Prize for literature Sigrid Undset (NOR), Ecumenical Missionary Conference held in Jerusalem, new editon of Encyclopaedia Judiaca appears, ART: Max B eckmann, Georges Braque, Marc Chagall, Hugo Lederer (Sculpture), Henri Matisse, Edvard Munch, Georgia O’Keeffe, Amedee Ozenfant, John Sloan (Ashcan school), Films: Disney’s first Mickey Mouse films, “The Circus” (Chaplin), “October”. “Italian Straw Hat”, “The Passion of Joan of Arc”, “Therese Raquin” “storm Over Asia”, “The Woman on the Moon”, “The Lights of New York” (longest sound film – Warner Brothers), Congres Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne founded in Geneva, Kenwood House in England opened to public as museum, Shakespeare memorial Theater designed, DEATHS: Arthur B Davies (USA), Richard E Outcault (USA cartoonist – Buster Brown), Juan Gris, MUSIC: Eugene D’Albert, Marion Bauer, George Gershwin (American in Paris), Arthur Honegger, Franz Lehar, Francesco Malipiero, Maurice Ravel (Bolero), Sigmund Romberg, Richard Strauss, Igor Stravinsky, Kurt Weill, Deaths: Leos Janacek (CZE), Henry FB Gilbert (USA), Toscanini named consuctor of NY Philharmonic, Popular Songs: “Bill” “Am I Blue?” “Crazy Rhythm” “Makin’ Whoopee”, “You’re the Cream in My Coffee”, “Button Up Your Overcoat” , Death of Roald Amundsen Norwegian explorer while attempting to rescue Italian explorer who crashed in Arctic, JL Baird demonstrated color TV, Franz Boas confuted Fascist theory of “Master Race”, PAM DIrac replaces second-order wave equation, Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin, H Geiger and W Muller construct “Geiger Counter”, death of Dutch physicist Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, Nobel Prize for Medicine Charles Nicolle (FRA) for work on typhus, FA Paneth founds radio chemistry, Indian physicist CV Raman discovers Ramen effect of light, Nobel Prize for Physics Sir Owen Richardson (ENG) for discovery of “Richardson Effect”, Serge Veronoff writes about rejuvenation by transplanting glands, British aviator Frank C Whittle posted to 111 Fighter Squadron, death of German physicist Wilhelm Wien, Nobel Prize for chemistry Adolf Windaus (GER) fir work with sterins and vitamins, death of Swedisn geologist and explorer Otto Nordenskjold, death of English explorer Sir Henry Wickham, death of botanist John Coulter (USA), death of Danish pathologist and Nobel Prize winner Johannes Fibiger, death of Swedish metereologist Finn Malgran, death of Japanese bacteriologist Hideyo Noguchi, death of American chemist Theodore Richards, First color notion pictures exhibited by George Eastman, New York Times installs moving electric sign around Times Building, Brazil economy collapses due to over-production of coffee, Female fashion includes “Garconne style”, Machine for boning and cleaning kippers makes first run at Fleetwood England, Olympic Games in Amsterdam – forst women participants – Sonja Henie (NOR) wins, deathof English suffragist Emmeline Pankhurst, Al Jolson’s “Sonny Boy” sells 12 million records in 4 weeks, Teleprinters and teletype comes into restricted use in US Germany and Britain, Thames overflows banks due to abnormally high tide, death of George W Geothals American chief engineer on Panama Canal, First scheduled television broadcasts (NY), Amelia Earhart becomes first woman to fly across Atlantic, John baird beams television image from England to US, GE introduces television with 3” by 4” schrrn, first television sold a Daven for $75, Popular artists – Mack the Knife, Fred Waring (I Scream(, Paul Robeson (Ol’ Man River), Marion Harris, Ben Bernie, Coolidge appoints J. Reuben Clark Jr. as undersecretary of state, Elder Smoot’s wife dies – President invetes widower to stay at White House for a week, Hoover campaigns in Utah, Hoover asks Smoot about cabinet structure 1929 Stock exchange and great depression, Uprising of Mau people of Samoa against New Zealand government, Burin peninsula CAN tsunami from 7.3 quake off Newfoundland, earthquakes and landslide in Anatolia Turkey, Volcano in Chile * President Smith meets with President Hoover, shows signs of worry concerning economy, Oct conference prays for President Hoover, Greenland Ranch, Death Valley, CA has no precipitation during 1929, Final Vaudeville houses converted to movie theaters, Cole Porter's first successful musical debuts, UT – Butch Cassidy may have retired in Circleville and died this year, death of French statesman Georges Clemenceau, ENG 15 die in Gillingham fire demonstration in Kent – building with live people ignited too soon, quartz crystal clock invented, Edwin Hubble offers ividence of an expanding universe, Cardinal O’Connell of Boston admonishes members not to read about Relativity, death of German art historian Wilhelm von Bode, death of British suffragist Millicent Garrett Fawcett, death of German historian Hans Delbruck, death of French marshal Ferdinand Foch, Stock market crash starts the great depression, death of Berlin cartoonist Heinrich Zille, Ms. Francis Orlando age 19 arrested in San Francisco arrested for wearing men’s clothing, death of Russian ballet impresario Sergei Diaghilev, death of Austrian poet Hugo von Hofmannsthal, death of German statesman Gustav Stresemann, Dictatorship established in Yugoslavia under King Alexander I – constitution suppressed, Inter-American Treaty of Arbitration signed in Washington, Trotsky expelled from the USSR, Lateran Treaty established independent Vatican City, death of Ferdinand Foch Marshal of France, Herbert C Hoover inaugurated #31, Ramsay MacDonald forms Labour Government in Britain – Arthur Henderson named foreign secretary, Kellogg-Briand Pact comes into force, Pope Pius XI leaves Vatican for first time, Aristide Briand elected Premier of France, Arabs attack Jews in Palestine following disputes over Jewish use of the Wailing Wall, death of German statesman Gustav Stresemann, Name of Serbo-Croat Slovene Kingdo changed to Yugoslavia, Australian Labour Party wins elections, death of French statesman Georges Clemenceau, Round Table Conference between viceroy and Indian leaders on dominion status, Nobel Peace Prize – Frank B Kellogg, Hitler appoints Himmler “Reichsfuhrer S.S.”, Jewish agency becomes representative of all Zionist and non-Zionist Jews, death of Hungarian statesman Count Gyula Andrassy, death of American politician and diplomat Myron Herrick, death of 5th Earl of Rosebery who had his “three wishes” of marrying richest heiress in England winning the Derby three times and becoming prime minister, death of Japanese statesman and soldier Baron Tanaka, Albert B Fall Secretary of the Interior under Coolidge convicted of accepting bribe in Teapot Dome scancal – sentenced to prison and fine, WRITERS: Vicki baum, Robert Bridges, Jean Cocteau, Alfred Doblin, William Faulkner (Sound and the Fury), Andre Gide, Jean Giono, Jean Giradoux, Robert Graves Julian Green, Ernest Hemingway (Farewell to Arms), Richard Hughes, Mazo de la Roche, Sinclair Lewis, Vachel Lindsay, Charles Morgan, Axel Munthe, Julia Peterkin, John Cowper Powys, JB Priestley, Erich Maria Remarque, Elmer Rice, Antoine de Saint-Expery, Shaw, RC Sherriff, Aleksei N Tolstoi, Edmund Wilson, Salvatore Quasimodo, Thomas Wolfe, Virginia Woolf, Stefan Zweig, John Dewey, Martin Heidegger, Walter Lippmann, Jose Ortega y Gasset, Erich Przywara, Bertrand Russell, AN Whitehead, Nobel Prize for literature Thomas Mann, Presbyterian Churches in Scotland unite to form Church of Scotland, Lutheran World Conference held in Copenhagen, Eugenio Pacelli (future Pope Pius XII) created a cardinal, the Vienna Circle of behaviorism formed by Carnap Hahn Neurath Schlick et al., Deaths: Hugo von Hoffmannsthal (AUS), Arno Holz (GER), Katherine Lee Bates (America the Beautiful) (USA), Bliss Carman (CAN), Edward Carpenter (ENG), Henry Arthur Jones (ENG), Brander Matthews (USA), Flora Annie Steel (ENG), Thorstein Veblen (USA), Katherine Tingley (USA), Sir William Dawkins (ENG), Harrison Dyar (USA), Rodolfo Lanciani (ITA), ART: Marc Chagall, Salvador Dali, Jacov Epstein (sculpture), Klee, Le Corbusier, Paul Nash, Georgia O’Keeffe, Pablo Picasso, Stanley Spencer, Grant Wood, deaths: Wilhelm von Bode (GER), Films: “The Love Parade”, “Blackmail” (Hitchcock), Hallelujah, “Broadway Melody””Turksib” “General Line””Pandora’s Box” first musical Mickey Mouse films – death of silenr film era, Museum of Modern Art opens in New York, St. Vitus Cathedral if Prague completed (atarted 1344), Second Surrealist Manifesto, death of German cartoonist Heinrich Zille, death of American cartoonist TA Dorgan, death of American painter Robert Henri, MUSIC: George Antheil, Ralph Benatzky, Aaron Copland, Noel Coward, George Gershwin (Show Girl), Eugene Goossens, Paul Hindemith, Ernst Krenek, Constant Lambert, Franz Lehar, Walter Piston, Hermann, William Walton, Cole Porter, Death of Sergei P Diaghilev (RUS), Andre Messager (FRA), Lilli Lehman (GER soprano), Oxford History of Music begins to appear, Popular songs: “Stardust” “Tiptoe through the Tulips” “Singin’ in the Rain” “Moanin’ Low”, SCIENCE: Matthews usen ultrasensitive galvanometer to trace single impulse in a single nerve fiber, Nobel Prize for Physics Louis de Broglie (FRA) for wave nature of electrons, cascade Tunnel longest railroad tunnel in N America finished, Danish biochemist Henrik Dam discovers vitamin K, EA Doisy (USA) and AF Butenandt (GER) simultaneously isolate estrone, Nobel Prize for medicine – ChristianEijkman (DUTCH) for discovery of antineuritic vitamin B1, Einstein publishes Unified Field Theory, James Jeans publishes “The Universe Around Us”, WA Morrison introduces quartz-crystal clocks for precise timekeeping, US Army monoplane completes long flight, Emil Berliner German-American inventor dies, death of Austrian chemist inventor of gaslight mantle and appliances Baron Auer von Welsbach, death of American physician who discovered pellagra Joseph Goldberger, death of German chemist Richard Zsigmondy, Construction begins on Empire State Building, Lt. James Doolittle pilots airplane solely using instruments, Anstonomer Edward Hubble measures large red shifts in spectra of nebulae, ::: First use of the term “apartheid”, “Black Friday” in New York – 26 billion lost in US securities, Margaret Bondfield becomes first Biritsh woman privy councilor, Donald G Bradman an Australian cricketer gets world record score, US aviator Richard E Byrd and three companions fly over South Pole, Bell Laboratories in US begin experiments with color television, American manufacturers begin to make aluminum furniture, Kodak introduces 16mm color movie film, General hans von Seeckt writes “A Soldier’s Thoughts”, Rollin Kirgy wins third Pulitzer Prize for cartoons, New Tilbury Dock in London opened, Tootal’s of England develops first crease-resistant cotton, “Graf Zeppelin” airship flies around the world, St. Valentine’s Day Massacre – six Chicago gangsters gunned down by rival gang, death of English woman suffrage leader Millicent Fawcett, death of American news man Melville Stone, death of Dutch suffragist leader and creator of first birth control clinic ALetta Jacobs, death of English actress Lily Langtry, Edward Payson Weston American professional pedestrian dies, CBS founded, Popular musicians: Louis Armstrong, Eddie Cantor (Makin’ Whoopee), Cliff Edwards (Singin’ In The Rain) Guy Lombardo, Copley Palza Orchestry (Pagan Love Song), President Smith meets with President Hoover, shows signs of worry concerning economy, Oct conference prays for President Hoover 1930 End of dictatorship of Primo de Rivera of Spain, End of President Augusto Leguia in Peru, White women given vote in South Africa, Ras Tafari crowned emperor of Ethiopia and renames self Haile Selassie, First Round Table Conference between British government and Indian parties, Getulio Vargas becomes Brazilian president and becomes dictator until 1937 * Taft dies – Elder Smoot represents Church at funeral, Smoot and new wife spend honeymoon in white house, Hoover invites Elder David O. McKay to participate in White House conference on child health, J. Reuben Clark Jr. appointed ambassador to Mexico – waits until Hoover out of office to resign, President Grant gives Book of Mormon to FDR, Ronald Reagan begins working with LDS actress Rhonda Fleming, Fred Astaire appears on Broadway, German population reaches 65 million, death of second wife of Richard Wagner and daughter of Franz Liszt Cosima, death of Spanish soldier and statesman Valeriano Weyler, death of English poet Robert Bridges, death of Russian historical painter Ilya Efimovich Repin, Indonesia Mt Merapi erupts killing 1369, four glider pilots fall as hailstones over Germany, one survives the violent updrafts Herbert Hoover orders two to break in to Democratic Party office in NY, Electron microscope invented, Clyde Tombaugh discovers Pluto, death of British statesman Arthur James Balfour, death of William H Taft, death of English writer Arthur Conan Doyle, Rene Lacoste “le crocodile” makes first designer logo of the crocodile tennis shirt (see 1933), death of Norwegian Arctic explorer Fridtjof Nansen, death of German composer Siegfried Wagner, death of English novelist DH Lawrence, death of actor Lon (Alonso) Chaney, Nazi politician Wilhelm Frick becomes government minister in Thruingia, Austria and Italy sign treaty of friendship, death of WH Taft supreme court justice and former president, death of Spanish statesman Miguel Primo de Rivera, death of British statesman AJ Balfour, Constantinople changed to Istanbul, Heinrich Bruning forms right-wing coalition government in Germany, Reuben J Clark’s Memorandum of 1928 on Monroe Doctrine published, Edward L Doheny acquitted of bribery in Teapot Dome scandal, Ras Tafari becomes Emperor haile Selassie of Ethiopia, Britain US Japan France and Italy sign treaty on naval disarmament, Dunning tariff in Canada gives preferential treatment to Britain, Crown Prince Carol becomes King of Poland, President Hoover approves Smoot-Hawley high tariff, Charles Evand Hughes appointed Chief Justice of Supreme Court, Last Allied troops leave Rhineland, Litvinov named USSR Foreign minister, Catholic-Fascist Heimwehr units established in Austria under Prince von Starhemberg, Pilsudski forms right- wing government in Poland, Revolution in Argentina – Jose Uriburu becomes president, Nazis gain 107 seats in German elections, Revolution in Brazil – Getulio Vargas becomes new president, Passfield White Paper on Palestine suggests that jewish immigration be halted, Japanese Premier Hamaguchi assassinated, Last Allied troops leave the Saar, Nobel Peace Prize to Swedish Lutheran Archbishop Nathan Soderblom, death of German general Friedrich von Bernhardi, death of American Army Chief of Staff Tasker H Bliss, death of German naval Commander Alfred von Tirpitz, Owen J Roberts appointed to US Supreme Court, Congress creates Veterans Administration, Federal Bureau of narcotics organized, WRITERS: Lascelles Abercrombie, Conrad Aiken, Maxwell Anderson, WH AUden, Philip Barry, Ivan Bunin, Paul Claudel, Marc Connelly, Noel Coward, Hart Crane, Maurice Dekobra, Earl Derr Biggers, TD Elion, William Faulkner, Bruno Frank, Robert Frost, Jean Giono, Dashiell Hammett, Joseph Hergesheimer, John Hershey, Oliver La Farge, W Somerset Maugham, Robert Musil, Katherine Anne Porter, John Cowper Powys, JB Priestley, Robert E Sherwood, Sigrid Undset, Hugh Walpole, Evelyn Waugh, Alfred Adler, EK Chambers, Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, CS Johnson, JM Keynes, Harold Laski, FR Leavis, Maurice Maeterlinck, Alfred Rosenberg, Albert Schweitzer, GM Trevelyan, Leon Trotsky, Deaths: Arthur Conan Doyle (ENG), DH Lawrence (ENG), VV Majakovski (RUS), Melville D Post (USA), Edward W Bok (USA), William Bolitho (ENG), Robert S Bridges (ENG), Mary E Wilkins (USA), William J Locke (ENG), Georges de Porto-Riche (FRA), Romer Wilson (Anglo- USA), Adolf von Harnack (GER), Christine Ladd-Franklin (USA), Arthur MacDonnell (ENG), Bestseller “Cimarron” by Edna Ferber, Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli (Later Pope Pius XII) named Vatican secretary of State, Sinclair Lewis wins Nobel Prize for literature, Boston bans all works by Leon Trotsky, ART: Max Beckmann, Chaim Gross (sculpture), George Grosz, Henri Matisse, Edward Wadsworth, Grant Wood (American Gothic), death of Frank McKinney Hubbard cartoonist (USA), Edward V Valentine American sculptor dies, Films: “Blue Angel” (Marlene Dietrich), “All Wuiet on the Western Front, “Abraham Lincoln”, “Anna Christie” (Greta Garbo), “Sous les Toits de Paris”, “Murder” (Hitchcock), “The Big House”, “Hell’s Angels” (Howard Hughes), R Hood designs Daily News Building in New York, death of Ilya Repin Russian historical painter, Van Doesburg uses term “l’art concrete”, Thomas Whittemore begins cleaning Byzantine mosaics at Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, MUSIC: Paul Abraham, Bela Bartok, Ralph Benatzky, Paul Hindemith, Arthur Honegger, Leos Janacek, Zoltan Kodaly, Ernst Krenek, Arnold Schonberg, Igor Stravinsky, Kurt Weill, BBC Symphony Orchestra formed, Jacques Thibaud forms famous trio with Casals and Cortot, The Trautonium electronic instrument invented, Deaths: Emmy Destinn Czech soprano, Cosima Wagner – second wife of Wagner, death of Siegfried Wagner (son of famous), Leopold Auer – Hungarian musician, Popular Songs: “Georgia on my Mind” ”I Got Rhythm” “Three Little Words” “Time on my Hands” “Walkin’ my Baby Back Home” “Body and Soul”, SCIENCE: PJW Debye investigate molecular structure using x-rays, AS Eddington attempts unified theory, Nobel Prize in Chemistry Hans Fischer (GER) for chlorophyll research and synthesis of hemin, Eric Haarmann created theory of oscillation, Nobel Prize for Medicine Karl Landsteiner for blood groupings, US physicist Ernest O Lawrence pioneers development of cyclotron, US biochemist JH Northrop makes crystallized pepsin and trypsin, Pluto discovered by CW Tombaugh, Nobel Prize for Physics Sir C Raman (India) for work on light diffusion, J Walter Reppe (GER) makes artificial fabrics from acetylene base, BV Schmidt builds first coma-free 14-inch Schmidt mirror telescope, S African microbiologist Max Theiler develops yellow faver vaccine, death of American inventor and aviator Flenn Curtiss, death of American electrical engineer and inventor Elmer A Sperry, Leonard Woolley writes about digging up the past, “Blondie” cartoons gain popularity in US, The clown Grock (Adrian Wettach) publishes memoirs “I Like to Live”, Amy Johnson flies solo from London to Australia, France begins building Maginot line, Magnitogorsk founded under first USSR five-year plan for mining, death of Norwegion explorer and humanitarian Fridtjof Nansen, Photoflash bulb comes into use, Picture telegraphy between Germany and Britain, Pilgrim Trust – American railroad magnate ES Harkness gives 2 million pounds in hands of Prime Minister Baldwin of England, death of British statesman FE Smith (Lord Birkenhead), “Technocracy” becomes buzzword, Turksib rail line between Turkestan and Siberia opened, Youth Hostels Association opens in Britain, death of “Deadwood Dick” (Richard W Clarke) the English-born American fronteersman, Bobby Jones wins golf’s “grand slam”, “Gallant Fox” wins triple crown, first radio ratings system, Popular Musicians: Ben Selvin or Benny Meroff (Happy Says are Here Again), Harry Richman (Puttin’ on the Ritz), Ted Lewis (On The Sunny Side of the Street), Nat Shilkret (Get Happy), Ruth Etting, Taft dies – Elder Smoot represents Church at funeral, Smoot and new wife speen honeymoon in white house, Hoover invites Elder David O. McKay to participate in White House conference on child health, J. Reuben Clark Jr. appointed ambassador to Mexico – waits until Hoover out of office to resign, President Grant gives Book of Mormon to FDR, Ronald Reagan begins working with LDS actress Rhonda Fleming 1931 Six years of drought hit US great plains, First trans-African railroad completed from Angola to Mozambique, Japanese occupy Chinese province of Manchuria, Republic declared in Spain after King Alfonso XIII abdicates, Statute of Westminster makes dominions of British empire self-governing, Foundation of United Australia Party, Cyclone hits Belize, flood and storm surge in 1931, Eruption on Java, Earthquake in New Zealand 7.9 kills 258, Lyndon Baines Johnson first learns about Mormons through roommate Truman Young, Populations Paris 2.8 million New York 7.4 million, Apr - Hottest Hawaiian temp ever - 100 degrees, possible tsunami in NJ, China – yellow river flood becomes most deadly natural disaster killing between 1-4 million, The nine Scottsboro boys are falsely accused of rape in AL, Billie Holiday begins singing in Harlem clubs, Godel presents proof of incompleteness of mathematics, Empire State Building completed, death of Thomas Alva Edison the American inventor, death of French composer Vincent d’Indy, Empire State Building completed, death of American physicist Albert Michelson, death of French marshal Joseph Jacques Cesaire Joffre, death of English novelist Hall Caine, Ellery J Chun designs first mass-production Hawaiian shirt, Lastex rubber changes bra industry, death of Australian operatic soprano Nellie Melba, death of Austrian poet Arthur Schnitzler, death of 1931 Nobel Prize winner and Swedish author Erik A Karlfeldt, death of Archbishop of Uppsala Nathan Soderblom, death of English author Arnold Bennett, death of English physicist JC Maxwell, death of Russian ballet dancer Anna Pavlova, Movie: Dracula with Bela Lugosi, Movie: Frankenstein with Boris Karloff, death of Marshal of France Joseph Joffre, Pierre Laval elected Premier of France, Oswald Mosley leaves British labour party to form fascist party, King Alfonso XIII leaves Spain and goes into exile, US Senate passes Veterans Compensation Act over Hoover’s veto, Collapse of Austria’s Credit Anstalt leads to financial crisis in Central Europe, Paul Doumer elected President of France, Pope Pius XI releases encyclical of new social order, US President Hoover suggests one-year moratorium on reparation of war debts, Bankruptcy of German Danatbank leads to closure of all German banks, British naval force at Invergordon mutinies over pay cuts, Heimwehr coup in Austria fails, Britain abandons gold standard and pound sterling falls from $4.86 to $3.49, Dwight W Morrow American politician dies, German millionaire Hugenberg undertakes support of the Nazi Party, Ramsay MacDonald forms second National Government, Statute of Westminister defines dominion status, National Coffee Department in Brazil begins official destruction of surplus stocks, Nobel Peace Prize to Jane Addams (USA) and Nicholas Murray Butler (USA), WRITERS: Frederick Lewis Allen, Jacques Bainville, Georges Bernanos, James Birdie, John Buchan, Pearl S Buch (The Good Earth), Noel Coward, Theodore Dreiser, William Faulkner, Robert Frost (Nobel Prize), Jean Giono, Kristmann Gudmundsson, Henry james, Eugene O’Neill, Alja Rachmanova, EM Remarque, Elmer Rice, Joseph Roth, Victoria Sackville-West, Robert Sherwood, Dodie Smith, Lytton Strachey, Carl Zuckmayer, Lincoln Steffens, Norman Angell and Harold Wright, John Dewey, Emile Meyerson, Otto Neurath, Max Planck, Albert Schweitzer, Oswald Spengler, Paul Valery, DEATHS: David Belasco, Arnold Bennett (ENG), Hall Caine (ENG), Frank Harris (ENG-USA), Hsu Chi-mo (CHI), Arthur Schnitzler, Melvil Dewey (decimal system), Vachel Lindsay (USA), Katherine Tynan (IRI), Juan Zirrila (URU), Tyrone Power III (USA), Gustave Le Bon (FRA), George F Moore (USA), Habima theater settles permanently in Tel Aviv, Jehovah’s Witnesses formed from Internation Bible Students Association, ART: Max Beckmann, Pierre Bonnard, Constantin Brancusi, Marc Chagall, Salvador Dali (Persistence of Memory), Otto Dix, Jacob Epstein, Lyonel Feininger, E Hopper, A Drury (statue), Paul Klee, Henri Matisse, Paul Nash, Rockerfeller Center started, Empire State Building completed, Films: “City Lights” (Chaplin), “Congress Dances”, “La Million”, “Girls in Uniform”, “Frint Page” “Kameradschaft” “Emil and the Detectived” “Frankenstein” (Karloff), “Flowers and Trees” (Disney’s First Color Film), Clark Gable begins Hollywood career, MUSIC: Geroge Dyson, Edward Elgar, George Gershwin, George S Kaufman, Morrie Ryskind, Alois Haba, Paul Hindemith, Francesco Malipiero, Hans Pfitzner, William Grant Still, Edgar Varese, William Wlaton, Egon Wellesz, Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, DEATHS: Vincent d’Indy (FRA) composer, Dame Nellie Melba (Australian soprano), Carl Nielsen (DAN), Anna Pavlova (RUS dancer), Eugene Ysaye (BEL), “Star Spangled Banner” officially becomes national anthem, Popular Songs: “Minnie the Moocher”, “Mood Indigo”, “Goodnight Sweetheart”, “When the Moon Comes Over the Mountain” SCIENCE: Nobel Prize for Chemistry Friedrich Bergius (GER) and Carl Bosch for high-pressure chemicals, US physicist PW Bridgman conducts research on high-pressure materials, death of Australian physician Sir David Bruce, British physicist JD Cockcroft develops high-voltage atomic transmutations, death of Thomas Alva Edison, Swiss Chemist Paul Karrer isolated Vitamin A, JG Lansky discovers radio interference frim Milky Way, American physicist EO Lawrence invents cyclotron, death of physicist AA Michelson (USA), Julius A Nieuwland devises process for developing neoprene (synthetic rubber), Nobel Prize for medicine Otto Warburg (GER) for enzymes, Australian explorer GH Wilkins captains Nautilus submarine under Arctic Ocean, death of Aristides Agramonte the Cuban bacteriologist, death of Edward G Acherson American Inventor and assistant to Thomas A Edison, death of American neurologist Francis Dercum, Clyde Panghorn and Hugh Herndon fly across Pacific nonstop, George Washington Bridge completed, Harold C Urey discovers deuterium, Benguella=Katanga trans-African railroad completed, Alphonse (“Scarface”) Capone jailed for income tax evasion, Mrs. Hattie T Caraway (AR) becomes first woman senator elected, International Colonial Expo in Paris, King George V accepts 2 millionth telephone for use at Buckingham palace, death of Sir Thomas Lipton British tea merchant, N face of Matterhorn climbed (first) by Franz and Toni Schmid, New York “World” suspends publichation, NY newspapers amalgamated, Dr. William Rose edits outline of modern knowledge, Spicer-Dufay process of natural color photography invented, Starr Faithfull’s mysterious death at shore of Long Beach NY, death of American banker and philanthropist Mortimer L Schiff, death of American coach Knute Rockne, death of American merchant and founder of macy’s Nathan Straus, 40,000 televisions in US, Popular artists: Ted Lewis, Red Nichold or Ethel Waters (I Got Rythym), Cab Calloway (Minnie the Moocher), Wayne King of Guy Lombardo (Good Night Sweetheard), Isham Jones (Stardust), Lyndon Baines Johnson first learns about Mormons through roommate Truman Young 1932 Earthquake in Gansu China kills 70 K, Absolute rule of Thai king ends – new Thai constitution, Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay begins, begin of US dustbowl until 1940, Marion AL tornadoes, Cyclones hit Puerto Rico, Cuba, Drought and famine in Kiev, Coolidge is blessed by Elder Smoot shortly before ex-president’s death, Hoover visits SLC before Smoot’s reelection campaign – both lose. FDR elected – overturns prohibition, NV 7.2 quake, possible tsunami in MEX, Jan - Tornado hits Lexington TN, Mar - low pressure system hits East Coast of US, Apr - lightning hits geese over Manitoba, CAN, Pearl Buck publishes The Good Earth, Start of Ukraine Holodomor famine killing 5 million, Radio City Music Hall opens in NYC, Iraq gains independence, Amelia Earhart flies solo across Atlantic, FDR elected, Severe famine in Soviet Union, Huxley's "Brave New World", death of American photography pioneer George Eastman, death of 1902 Nobel Prize winner and English physician specialist in tropical diseases Ronald Ross, death of French statesman Aristide Briand, death of Scottish-born German composer Eugen D’Albert, death of French statesman and politician Andre Maginot, death of English author Lytton Strachey, death of Austrian poet Anton Wildgans, first sighting of Caddy the Canadian monster in Strait of Georgia, Indian Congress declared illegal and Gandhi arrested, Stimson Doctrine protects against Japanese aggression in Manchuria 0 US declares it will not recognize gains made by armed force, in USSR – second 5-year plan, Andre Tardieu elected Prime Minister of France, US Federal Reserve System reorganized, Aristide Briand the French statesman dies, Eamon de Valera elected President of Ireland, Hindenburg elected in Germany over Hitler – Hitler refuses Hindenburg’s offer to become Vice Chancellor, Julius Gombos the anti-Semitic nationalist forms government in Hungary, FDR wins election in landslide over Hoover, Gen Kurt von Schleicher named German Chancellor after Papen’s redignation, Famine in USSR, Hitler receives German citizenship and Frick appoints him Regieurungsrat in Brunswick, Ibn Saud renames kingdom Saudi Arabia, death of French diplomat and ambassador Jean Jules Jusserand, death of German socialist Eduard Bernstein, May and June ex-servicemen protest in Washington DC 17k for their bonus checks, Reconstruction Finance Corporation lends money for rebuilding of US economy, First unemployment insurance law enacted in WI, WRITERS: Sherwood Anderson, Jean Anouilh, WH Auden, Philip Barry, Bertolt Brecht, James Bridie, Erskine Caldwell (Tobacco Road), Louis- Ferdinand Celine, John Dos Passos, Hans Fallada, James T Farrell, William Faulkner, Rose Franken, Jean Giono, Louis Golding, Julian Green, Graham Green, Dashiell Hammett, Gerhart Hauptmann, Ernest Hemingway, Sidney Howard, Aldous Huxley (Brave New World), Rosamond Lehmann, Rose Macauley, W Somerset Maugham, Francois Mauriac, Andre Maurois, Henri Michaux, Charles Morgan, Boris Pasternak, Walter B Pitkin, JB Priestley, FE Sillanpaa, Upton Sinclair, Felix Timmermans, Sigrid Undset, Irving Babbit, Karl Barth, Henri Bergson, VF Calverton, Etienne Gilson, Karl Jaspers, Wyndham Lewis, John Strachetm , Sidney and Beatrice Webb visit USSR and write memoirs, Will Durant, Bennington College opens in Vermont, Methodist Churches in England reunify, Folger Library opens in Washington, Nobel Prize for literature – John Galsworthy, anniversary of Goeethe’s death, Shakespeare Memorial Theater opened, Deaths: Lytton Strachey (ENG), Rene Bazin (FRA), Famaliel Bradford (USA), Edgar Wallace (ENG), Anton Wildgans (AUS), Eugene Brieux (FRA), Hart Crane (USA), Kenneth Grahame (ENG), Lady Gregory (IRI), Harold MacGrath (USA), Harold Monro (ENG), Sir Gilbert Parker (CAN), Minnie Maddern Fiske (USA), Florenz Ziegfeld (USA), James Oppenheim (USA), John B McMaster (USA), Salomon Reinack (FRA), Charles W Chesnutt (USA – lawyer and black educator), ART: Max Beckmann, Burra, Alexander Calder, Eric Gill, Max Liebermann, Edwin Lutyens (Metropolitan Cathedral in Liverpool), W Nicholson, Pablo Picasso, Ben Shahn, death of German painter Max Slebogt, Grant Wood, Films: “The Blue Light” “M” “A nous la liberte” “A Farewell to Arms” (Gary Cooper), “Grand Hotel” (Garbo), “Shanghai Express” (Dietrich), “Sign of the Cross” (De Mille), John Weissmuller appears in first “Tarzan” film, Shriley Temple’s first film – “Red Haired Alibi”, “Fugitive Fram a Chain Gang”, MUSIC: Samuel barber, Arnold Bax, Benjamin Britten, Ferde Grofe, Cole Porter, Sergei Prokofiev, Maurice Ravel, Arnold Schonberg, Franz Schreker, DEATHS: Eugen D’Albert (GER), John Philip Sousa (USA), Johanna Gadski (GER-USA), Sir Thomas Beecham founds London Philharmonic, Popular songs: “Brother Can You Spare a Dime” “I’m Getting Sentimental Over You”, “Night and Day” “Let’s Have Another Cup of Coffee”, “April in Paris” SCIENCE: Nobel Prize for medicine ED Adrian and C Sherrington for discovery of function of neurons, CD Anderson discovers positron, Wh Carothers synthesizes polyamide (nylon in 1936), James Chadwick discovers the neutron, the Cordoba catalogue mentions over 600k stars in southern sky, Nobel Prize for Physics Werner Heisenberg for matrix theory of quantum mechanics, Karl Jansky established foundation for development of radio astronomy, Richard Kuhn investigates riboflavin, Edwin Land invents light polarizer, Nobel Prize for Chemistry Irving Langmuir (US) for surface chemistry, Fritz Mietzsch and Josef Klarer develop sulfonamide, death of German chemist Wilhelm Ostwald, Auguste Piccard reaches height of 17.5 miles in stratosphere balloon, death of English bacteriologist Ronald Ross, Balloon tire produced for farm tractors, Vitamin D Discovered, death of Scottish Biologist Sir Patrick Geddes, death of American physiologist Graham Lusk, death of Brazilian airship pioneer Alberto Sontos-Dumont, Work begins on Golden Gate Bridge, Basic English proposed as prospective international language, BBC takes over responsibility to develop television from Baird Group, Amelia Earhart first woman to solo across Atlantic, death of George Eastman camera guru, Inperial Airways serves 22 countries, Japan begins conquest of world markets by undercutting prices, expression “New Deal” used in Roosevelt’s speech, Ivar Kreuger Swedish “match king” commits suicide and company collapses, Lambeth Bridge in London and Harbour Bridge in Sydney open, Lindbergh baby kidnapped, death of Andre Maginot sponsor of Maginot Line, Olympic Games in Los Angeles, Thomas Hampson of England establishes record 800 m run, Fascist government in Italy begins draining Pontine Marshes southeast of Rome, Unemployed in US reach 13.7 million, Zuider Zee (Holland) drainage project completed, William Wrigley Jr. the chewing gum magnate dies, death of William J Burns American detective, death of American merchant and founder of Sears Roebuck Julius Rosenwald, Jack Sharkey of US defeats Max Schmeling (GER) for heavyweight title, Gustav Cassel writes about money crisis, Popular musicians: Fred Astaire and Leo reisman, Cab Calloway, Ted Lewis, Bing Crosbyor Rudy Vallee, Coolidge is blessed by Elder Smoot shortly before ex- president’s death, Hoover visits SLC before Smoot’s reelection campaign – both lose. FDR elected – overturns prohibition, start of Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male until 1972 1933 End of prohibition in US, Hitler appointed German chancellor by Hindenburg, Nazis begin persecution of Jews, Peruvian president Sanchez Cherro assassinated by an “aprista”, Australia takes control of large section of Antarctica, Long Beach CA quake, Cyclone hits Mexico, Drought and famine in Kiev, Flooding in China, Tsunami in Japan after 8.4 quake off coast kills 2990, Church leaders show mixed reactions to New Deal, FDR meets with First Presidency. Dec - Coldest recorded temperature in New England - Vermont reaches -50 degrees Fahrenheit, Mar - F3 tornado hits Nashville, TN, Record hurricane season with 21 storms not surpassed until 2005, Aug - Firestorm produces tornado-like winds in OR, CAN quake 7.4, CA quake kills 115, New Deal also benefits black artists, End of US prohibition, Work begins on golden gate bridge, Raymond Bragg publishes Humanist Manifesto I, New Deal, Hitler declares Third Reich and comes to power, famine in USSR continues, Armstrong invents FM radio, death of German philosopher Hans Vaihinger, death of Irish novelist George Augustus Moore, Lacoste fashion company started, death of British statesman Edward Grey, death of English novelist Anthony Hope, death of English auto engineer Henry Royce, death of English author John Galsworthy, death of German composer and conductor Max von Schillings, death of German poet Stefan George, death of Calvin Coolidge, Film: King Kong, Homeless man Michael Malloy killed to collect on life insurance policies purchased by murderers, death of #30 Calvin Coolidge, US Congress votes for independence of Philippines, Adolf Hitler appointed German Chancellor, Edouard Daladier becomes Premier of France, 20th amendment, First US aircraft carrier “Ranger” launched, Reichstag fire in Berlin, FD Roosevelt inaugurated #32, Frances Perkins becomes first woman cabinet member as Secretary of labor, Hermann GOering named Prussian Prime Minister, American banks close March 6-9 by presidential order, Chancellor Dollfuss suspends parliament in Austria, US Congress grants Roosevelt wide powers, Goebbels named Hitler’s Minister of Propaganda, Japan withdraws from League of Nations, Hitler granted dictatorial powers (Enabling Law) first concentration camps erected by the Nazis in Germany, Boycott of Jews in Germany, US goes off gold standard, German labor unions suppressed, US Congress passes Agricultural Adjustment and Federal Emergency Relief Acts, Tennessee Valley Authority created in US, US Securities Act passed to protect investors by providing information on new securities issues, Chicago World’s Fair (century of Progress) opens, Nazis win Danzig elections, US National Industrial Recovery Act and Farm Credit Act made law, Public Works Administration created in US, Naze Party in Austria dissolved, Political parties suppressed in Germany, Assyrian Christians massacred in Iraq, death of British statesman Edward (Lord) Grey of Fallodon, Nazis sweep election with 92%, US recognizes USSR and resumes trade, prohibition repealed (21st), Stavisky scandal – high-level fraus in France, Nobel Peace Prize Norman Angell (ENG), Konrad Henlein organizes Nazi Party in Czechoslovakia – Vidkun Quisling in Norway, Cordell Hull named US Secretary of State and Sumner Welles undersecretary, Nikolai Yudenich the White Russian general dies, Fiorello H La Guardia elected Mayor of New York City defeating Tammany Hall, WRITE: Hervey Allen, James Bridie, Erskine Caldwell, Colette, Gordon Daviot, Georges Duhamel, TS Eliot, Federico Garcia Lorca, Trygve Gulbranssen, Knut Hamsun, Merton Hodge, Hanns Johst (Nazi drama), Margaret Kennedy, Sidney Kingsley, Mazo de la Roche, Jack Kirkland, Sinclair Lewis, Andre Malraux, Thomas Mann, John Masefield, Francois Mauriac, Andre Maurois, Allan Nevins, Eugene O’Neill, George Orwell, Elmer Rice, Kenneth Roberts, Romain Rolland, Bernard Shaw, Gertrude Stein, HG Wells, Franz Werfel, Virginia Woolf, EW Barnes, Winston S Churchill, W Dubislaw, cardinal von Faulhaber, R Guardini, Granville Hicks, CG Jung, W Reich, Franklin D Roosevelt, Nathan Soderblom, CJ Jung, Leon Trotsky, AN Whitehead, German Evangelical Church (amalgamation) established, DEATHS: John Galsworthy (ENG), Stefan George (GER), Anthony Hope (ENG), George Augustus Moore (IRE), Earl Derr Biggers (USA – Charlie Chan), Stella Benson (ENG), Ring Lardner (USA), George Saintsbury (ENG), Louis Joseph Vance (USA), Hans Vaihinger (GER), Irving Babbit (USA), Frederick Starr (USA), AH Sayce (ENG), Warburg Institute transferred from Hamburg to London, Best seller “Lost Horizon” by James Hilton, Nobel prize for literature Ivan Bunin (RUS), “Ulysses” (Joyce) allowed back into US after court ruling, All books by non-Nazi and Jewish authors burned in Germany, ART: Giacometti, Henri Matisse, W Holden designs Senate House at London U, Kandinsky and Klee leave Germany for France and Switzerland, Palace of the League of Nations in Geneva completed, German art suppressed and modernism discouraged, Films: “Queen Christina” (Garbo), Dr. Mabuse”, “Hitlerjunge Quex” (propaganda), “Dinner at Eight” “King Kong” “14th July” “Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” “Cavalcade”, “Little Women” (K Hepburn) “She Done Him Wrong (Mae West), Death of Edward W Kemble (USA), George B Luks, Louis Comfort Tiffany, MUSIC: Aaron Copland, Roy Harris, Arthur Honegger, Jerome Kern, Paul von Klenau, Richard Strauss, George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein found at school of American Ballet, Busch brothers Fritz and Adolf leave Germany, Sergei Prokofiev returns to USSR, Bruno Walter leaves to Vienna, DEATHS: Selma Kurz (AUS soprano), Max von Schillings (GER), Vladimir de Pachmann (RUS), Andreas Dippel (GER-USA tenor), Popular songs: “Smoke Gets in Your Eyes” “Stormy Weather” “Easter Parade” “Who’s Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?” “Boulevard of Broken Dreams”, SCIENCE: Anderson and Millikan discover positrons, Ludwig von Bertalanffy writes about theoretical biology, death of French bacteriologist Albert Calmette, Nobel Prize for physics Paul Dirac (ENG) and Erwin Schrodinger (AUS) for discovery of new forms of atomic energy, Philo Farnsworth develops electronic television, German scientific research hampered by Nazi interference, De Haas reaches low temperature phenomena, Marconiphone Company manufactures all-metal radio tube, Nobel Prize – Thomas Hunt Morgan for heredity, Tadeusz reichstein synthesizes pure vitamin C, Theory of descent from Neanderthals rejected following discovery of Steinheim skull, Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) recognized, death of Danish explorer Knud Rasmussen, 60k artists emigrate from Germany, First baseball all-star game played, death of Annie Besant (ENG reformer), Heywood Broun founds American Newspaper Guild, RE Byrd begins second South Pole expedition, Sir Malcolm Campbell reashes auto speed of 272.46 mph, Edward Chamberlin writes about monopolistic competition, Germany four-year plan to end unemployment, Eugen Hadammovsky writes about propaganda and Nazi theory, British planes fly over Mount Everest, death of car designer Henry Royce, Starvation in USSR reaches disaster levels, death of English newspaper editor Horatio W Bottomley, Edwin Armstrong introduces Frequency modulation (FM), Popular musicians: Dick Powell or Ted Weems (Gold Digger’s Song – We’re In The Money), Don Bestor (Who’s Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf!), Duke Ellington, Ethel Waters (Stormy Weather), Leo Reisman & Clifton Webb, Church leaders show mixed reactions to New Deal, FDR meets with First Presidency 1934 British colonial government of Ghana suppresses radical African critics 2 years, Communists go on Long March through China led by Mao Zedong and Zhu Du, Opening of British oil pipeline from Kirkuk Iraq to Tripoli Syria, Mussolini meets Hitler, Glendale CA storm and flood, Cyclone hits El Salvador, Earthquake in Nepal _ India kills 10700, Landslides in China, Cyclone hits Japan * FDR visits LDS in Hawaii, Apr - 231 mph winds measured at Mt. Washington NH, May - Major dust storm clears midwest and darkens Chicago to Boston, Jul 1 - Worst drought lowers Lake Tahoe to lowest level ever, "Anything Goes" debuts on Broadway, Cuban independence finally granted from U.S. by Platt Amendment, ending protectorate status, death of “Grandmother of Russian Revolution” Catherine Breshkovsky, CA quake, End Holodomor famine in Ukraine killing 5 million, creation of Donald Duck, James Joyce publishes Ulysses, Edwin H Armstrong demonstrates FM radio, death of German president of Weimar Republic Paul von Hindenburg, Red Army under mar Zedong begins Long march, death of English dramatist Arthur Wing Pinero, death of Dutch architect Hendrik Petrus Berlage, death of English composer Edward Elgar, death of American architect Cass Gilbert, Wallace Carothers at Du Pont manufactures polymer 66 (nylon), death of French statesman Raymond Poincare, death of Italian poet Salvatore di Giacoma, death of English composer Edward German, death of Australian author Hermann Bahr, death of Winner of Nobel prizes in 1903 and 1911 Polish-French scientist Marie Sklodowska Curie, death of German chemist and 1918 Nobel Prize winner Fritz Haber, death of British actor-manager Gerald du Maurier, death of English composer Gustav Holst, death of Albert I of the Belgians, Henry Morgenthau Jr. names US Secretary of Treasury, US Gold Reserve Act authorizes the president to revalue the dollar, US Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation organized, A revolutionin Austria overturns the Social Democrats, General strike staged in France, Civil Works Ermergency Relief Act passed in US, Leopold III becomes King of the Belgians following the death of father King Albert I, British Road Traffic Act introduces driving tests, Gandhi suspends civil disobedience campaign in India, Oswals Mosley addresses Fascist mass meetings in Britain, US Congress grants FDR power to conclude agreements for reducing tariffs, Hitler and Mussolini meet in Venice, Hitler promoted blood bath in Germany – Schleicher Rohm Strasser and others assassinated, Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Sollfuss assassinated by Nazis, Kurt von Schuschnigg appointed Austrian Chancellor, Starhemberg Vice Chancellor, death of Paul von Hindenburg, German plebiscite votes for Hitler as Fuhrer, USSR admitted to League of Nations, King Alexander of Yugoslavia and French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou assassinated in Marseilles, death of Franch statesman Raymond Poincare, Prince Paul named Regent of Yugoslavia, German Labor Front founded, Depressed areas bill introduced in Britain, Winston Churchill warns British parliament of German air menace, Stalin’s close collaborator Serge Kirov assassinated in Leningrad – purge of Communits Party begins, Japan renounces Washington treaties of 1922 and 1930, WRITE: Jean Anouulh,, Louis Aragon, James Hilton, Alexander Woollcott, John Buchan, Pearl S Buck, Agatha Christie, Jean Cocteau, F Scott Fitzgerald, Jean Giono, Jean Giraudoux, Robert Graves, Julian Green, Graham Greene, Gerhart Hauptmann, John Knittel, Halper Leivick, Sinclair Lewis, Andre Maurois, Sean O’Casey, John O’Hara, Eugene O’Neill, Ruth Benedict, Martin Buber, Karl Buhler, R Carnap, Lionel Curtis, Albert Einstein, JE Neale, Ezra Pound, JB Priestley, Elmer Rice, William Saroyan, Upton Sinclair, Harold Nicolson, R Niebuhr, Max Picard, Bertrand Russell, William temple, Arnold Toynbee, DEATHS: Hermann Bahr (AUS), Gerald du Maurier (ENG), Sir Arthur Wing Pinero (ENG), Pietro Gasparri (ITA), Joachim Ringelnatz (GER), Bestsellers “Goodbye Mr. Chips” “While Rome Burns”, Louis Joubet takes over the management of the Theatre de l’Athene in Paris, Lazar Goldschmidt finishes German translation of Babylonian Talmud, Nobel Prize for Literature Luigi Pirandello, First Soviet Writer’s Congress held in Moscow, Oxford History of England published, ART: Salvador Dali, John Dewey, John Piper, Stanley Spencer, DEATHS: HP Berlage (DUT), Roger Fry (ENG), John Collier (ENG), Harrison Fisher (USA), Cass Gilbert (USA architect), Films “The Lost Patrol” “Ot Happened One Night” (Capra), “Design for Living” “The Last Millionaire” “LE Grand jeu” “OF Human Bondage” “The Thin Man” “Man of Aran” “The Private Life of Henry VIII”, Wornum the Royal Institute of British Architects Building made in London, MUSIC: Benjamin Britten, Noel Coward, Paul Hindemith, Arthur Honegger, Franz Lehar, Cole Porter (Anything Goes), Dimitri Shostakovich, Igor Stravinsky, Virgil Thomson, Rachmaninoff, DEATHS: Frederick Delius (ENG), Edward Elgar (ENG), Gustav Holst (ENG), Franz Schreker (AUS), Otakar Sevcik (CZE), Philip Hale (USA), John Christie founds Glyndebourne operatic festival, Popular Songs, ”Blie Moon” “The Continental” “Stars Fell on Alabama” “All Through the Night”, SCIENCE: Asolph Butenandt isolates first crystalline male hormone androsterone, refrigeration process for meat devised, death of Marie Curie (POL-FRA), Enrico Fermi suggests that neutrons and protons are same particles intwo states, Alexander Fleming writes about vaccines, death of Fritz Hager German chemist, Noble prized for medicine for overcoming anemia, First Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) expedition fails to reach summit, Phthalocyanide dyes are prepared, US physicist Isidor Isaac Rabi begins work on atomic and molecular beam magnetic resonance method for observing radio-range frequencies, Nobel Prize for Chemistry Harold Urey for discovery of heavy hydrogen, Max Baer – heavyweight boxing title, W Bebee descends over 3000 feet into ocean off of Bermuda, Evangeline Booth elected General of Salvation Army, British Iron and Steel Federation established, Gordonstoun School founded, Grassglockner Alpine Road in Austria opened, death of American banker Otto H Kahn, Joe Louis wins first fight, largest ship to that time the SS Normandie (FRA) launched, Osoaviakhim the USSR balloon ascends 13 miles into stratosphere, birth of Dionne quintuplets, “Morro castle” burns and sinks off Asbury Park NJ killing 130, SS Queen mary launched, FBI shoots John Dillinger “Public Enemy No. 1”, Wavelengths of European broadcasting stations altered to conform with recommendations of Lucerne Committee, FCC created by Communications Act, Popular musicians: Guy Lombardo (Winter Wonderland), Paul Whiteman (Smoke Gets In Your Eyes), Ben Selvin or others (I Only Have Eyes For You), Benny Goodman, Chick Webb, FDR visits LDS in Hawaii 1935 End of Chaco war between Bolivia and Paraguay, Government of India Act passes for autonomy starting 1937, US Social Security Act, Labour government elected in New Zealand, Dodge City KS drought, Matcumbe Key FL hurricane, Newfoundland cyclone, Flooding in Haiti, earthquake in Pakistan, Charles Richter invents earthquake scale, Apr- 27 days of dust storms in Amarillo TX, Apr- worst dust storm in Dodge City KS, Gershwin's "Porgy and Bess" debuts, death of Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. the Justice of the Supreme Court, Can quake 6.2 Taiwan quake 7.1 kills 3279, Yangtzee river flood kills 145,000, Count Basie starts the Big Band jazz sound, Nylon invented, GE introduces fluorescent lights, Amelia Earhart flies from Honolulu to Oakland, death of German impressionist painter Max Liebermann, Nuremberg Laws further persecutions in Germany of Jews, Robert Watson-Watt invents radar in Britain, death of French author Paul Bourget, death of French composer Paul Dukas, death of Irish poet GW Russell, death of Polish soldier and statesman Joseph Pilsudski, death of French novelist Henri Barbusse, death of Canadian physiologist discoverer of insulin and winner of 1923 Nobel Prize JJR Macleod, death of Alexander Moissi German writer, death of Austrian composer Alban Berg, death of TE Lawrence (of Arabia) age 47, Movie: Bride of Frankenstein, Mustafa kemal President of Turkey adopts name Kemal Ataturk, Anglo-Indian trade pact signed, Germany – the Saarland incorporated following a plebiscite – Nazis repudiate Versailled treaty and reintroduce compulsory military service – Stresa Conference –Anglo-German Naval Agreement – Neuremberg laws agains Jews, Show trials take place in Russia, USSR concludes treaties with France, Czechoslovakia and US and Turkey, Silver Jubilee Celebrations held in Britain, Laval elected French Premier, Stanley balswin forms National Government In Britain, Mussolini rejects Anthony Eden’s concessions over Anyssinia and invades Abyssinia – League Council declares Italy aggressor and imposes sanctions, Anti-Hapsburg laws abolished in Austria, Roosevelt signs Social Security Act, Huey Long assassinated by Dr. Carl Weiss in Louisiana Capitol Building, Wealth tax Act passes in US, King George II returns to Greece, Schuschnigg and Starhemberg stage anti-Heimwehr coup in Vienna, Milan Hodza becomes premier of Czechoslovakia – TG Masaryk resigns as president and is succeeded by Eduard Benes, Chiang Kai-shek named president of Chinese executive, Hoare-Laval plan on Abyssinia published – Samuel Hoare resigns and Eden appointed British Foreign secretary, Nobel Peace Prize anti-Nazi German author Carl bon Ossietzky, death of Polish general and statesman Josef Pilsudski, Rama VIII Ananda Mahidon becomes King of Siam, fascist organization Corix de Feu founded in France, German Luftwaffe formed, Persia changes named to Iran, death of American jurist Oliver Wendell Holmes, WRITE: Zoe Akins, Auden Isherwood, Ivy Compton-burnett, Cyril Connolly, Clarence Day, Walter de la Mare, Andre malraux, TS Eliot, James T Farrell, Clifford Odets, Robert E Sherwood, Emlyn Williams, AJ Cronin, Jean Giradoux, Sinclair Lewis, Thomas Wolfe, Graham Greene, George Santayana, John Steinbeck, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, RH Hidgkin, JBS Haldane, Karl Jaspers, Karl Barth, DEATHS: GW Russell (IRE), Henri barbusse (FRA), Kurt Tucholsky (GER), Alexander Moissi (GER), Paul Bourget (FRA), London publisher Victor Gollancz founds Left Book Club, ART: Salvador Dali (Giraffe on Fire), Russell Flint, Stanley Spencer, Jacob Epstein, DEATHS Max Liebermann, Paul Signac (FRA), Gaston Lachaise, Childe Hassam, Exhibition of Chinese art at Burlington House in London, Films “Anna Kerenina” (Garbo), “David Copperfield” “Mutiny on the Bounty” (Clark Gable), “Becky Sharp” “Pasteur” “Toni” “The 39 Steps” (Hitchcock), “The Informer”, MUSIC: Gershwin (Porgy and Bess), Stravinsky, Jazz fades and Swing becomes popular, death of Austrian composer Alban Berg, Electric Hammond organs become popular in the US, Stravinsky composes, Popular songs: “Begin the Beguine” “The Music Goes ‘Round and ‘Round” “I Got Plenty o’ Nothin’” “It Ain’t Necessarily So” “Just One of Those Things”, SCIENCE: radar equipment to detect aircraft built by Watson and Watt, German chemist Gerhard Domagk announced discovery of Prontosil the first sulfa drug for treating strep, Oil pipelines between Iraq Haifa and Tripolis opened, Longest bridge in world opened iver the lower Zambesi, Nobel Prize for Chemistry Frederic and Irene Joliot-Curie for synthesis of new radioactive elements, death of Russian naturalist Ivan Matshurin, death of Dutch botanist Hugo De Vries, death of American Egyptologist James Henry Breasted, British Council founded, Bank of Canada established, Malcolm Campbell drives “Bluebird” 276.8 mph at Daytona FL, Rumba becomes fashionable, Moscow subway opened, Alcoholics Anonymous organized in New York City, CIO (Congress of Industrial Organizations) organized by John L Lewis, “Omaha” wins triple crown, Popular musicians: Shirley Temple, Fred Astaire, Glen Gray (Blue Moon), (You’re The Top) Cole Porter, Leo Reisman, Hagia Sophia transformed into a museum 1936 Bad year for tornadoes in US, end of British suppression of Ghana speakers, Representation of Natives Act denies South African blacks political equality, general strike in Syria – France grants Syria home rule, Germany invades Rhineland region on French-Belgian border, civil war in Spain until ’39, Arbitration Court of New Zealand fixes wages, Death of George V of England, Edward VIII crowned and abdicates, George VI reigns, Tupelo MS tornado * FDR and Eleanor meet in Utah for funeral of secretary of war (former UT governor) George H. Dern, Heber J. Grant encourages votes against FDR – wins anyway, Chinese famine kills 5 million, Six weeks of below zero temps in ND, Apr- tornado in Tupelo, MS dropped in Cherokee AL, Apr - Gaineville GA tornadoes, Jesse Owens wins four gold medals, FDR reelection marks change in black voting from Republican to Democrat, Roosevelt appoints Mary McLeod Bethune to Office of Minority Affairs, Keynes publishes about money, “Green Hornet” debuts on radio, Japanese army kills 10,000 by testing anthrax cholera typhoid and plague on humans in occupied Manchuria, Spanish Civil war begins, death of English poet AE Housman, “Aloha” shirt patented by Ellery J Chun, death of Greek statesman Eleutherios Venizelos, death of English author Rudyard Kipling, death of Russian composer Alexander Glazunov, death of French bacteriologist and 1928 Nobel Prize winner Charles Nicolle, death of 1934 Nobel Prize winner and Italian dramatist Luigi Pirandello, death of Russian author Maxim Gorki, death of German architect Hans Poelzig, death of aviation pioneer Louis Bieriot, death of English singer Clara Butt, death of English author GK Chesterton, death of Italian author and 1928 Nobel Prize winner Grazia Deledda, death of German philosopher Oswald Spengler, death of Spanish author Federico Garcia Lorca the Spanish author, death of Richard Loeb (see 1924) in prison, French premier Laval replaced by Albert Sarraut – later replaced by Leon Blum, Koki Hirota named Premier of Japan, German troops occupy Rhineland – elections in Germany give Hitler 99% of vote – Four-Year Plan inaugurated, Italy Austria and Hungary sign Rome Pace, Britain France and US Sign London Naval convention, death of King Fuad of Egypt succeded by son Farouk, Arah High Committee formed to combat Jewish claims, Abyssinian War ends and Italy annexes the country – King Victor Emmanuel proclaimed Emperor of Abyssinia, Schuschnigg the Austrian chancellor becomes leader of Fatherland Frint, Count Ciano Mussolini’s son-in-law appointed Italian Foreign minister, Austro-German convention acknowledges Austrian independence, Spanish Civil War begins in July – Junta de Defensa Nacional set up in Burgos – Franco captures Badajoz – Franco appointed Chief of State by insurgents and siege of Madrid begins – Spanish government moves to Valencia, Chiang Kai-shek enters Canton, Frande devalues franc – Italy devalues lira, Oswald Mosley leads anti-Jewish march to Whitechapel London and is driven out, Gossip begins in London about King Edward VIII’s relationship with Mrs. Wallis Simpson, Mussolini and Hitler proclaim Rome-Berlin Axis, FDR reelected, Anti-Comintern Pact signed by Germany and Japan, King Edward VIII abdicates and is succeeded by brother George VI – Edward named Duke of Windsor, Chiang Kai-shek declares war on Japan, Trotsky exiled from Russia – settles in Mexico, Germany begins building Siegfried Line, WRITE: Maxwell Anderson, WH Auden, Maurice Baring, Georges Bernanos, Dorothea Brande, Dale Carnegie (How to Win Friends and Influence People), Walter D Edmonds, John Gunther, F Scott Fitzgerald, Aldous Huxley, Margaret Mitchell (Gone With The Wind), Montherlant, Charles Morgan, Dylan Thomas, Terence Rattigan, Armand Salacrou, Irwin Shaw, Robert E Sherwood, Winifred Holtby (posth), Kaufman and Hart (You Can’t Take It With You), Jean Anouilh, John Knittel, Robert P Tristam Coffin, Robert Frost, Tristan Tzara, Lancelot Hogben, JM Keynes, John Strachey, HAL Fisher, AJ Ayer, Sigmund Freud, Beatrice Webb, Nobel Prize literature Eugene O’Neill, DEATHS: Rudyard Kipling, AE Housuman (ENG), GK Chesterton (ENG), Maxim Gorky (RUS), Luigi Pirandello (ITA), Federico Garcia Lorca (ESP), Miguel de Unamuno (ESP), Oswald Generer, Allen Lane founds Penguin Books, ART: Laura Knighht, Mondriaan, Gropius and Fry design film studios in ENG, American painter Lyonel Feininger returns from Germany to New York, death of German architect Hans Poelzig, Nazi expo of “Degenerate Art”, Films: “ Modern Times” (Chaplin), “Things to Come”, “Mr. Deeds Goes to Town” (Capra), “Fury”, “San Francisco” (Gable), “The Ghost Goes West” “Intermezzo” (Ingrid Bergman), “The Great Ziegfeld”, MUSIC: Richard Strauss, Constant Lambert, Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart, Samuel Barber, death of Ottorino Respighi (ITA), Popular Songs: “It’s De-lovely” “Wiffenpoof Song” “I’m an Old Cowhand (from the Rio Grande)”, “Is it True What They Say About Dixie?” “I Can’t Get Started With You” “Pennies From Heaven” SCIENCE: death of Ivan Pavlov, German diesel-electric vessel “Wupperthal” launched, Philipp Fauth writes about the moon, death of American pioneer in military aircraft William Mitchell, Bouder (Hoover) dam on Colorado River NV/AZ completed creating Lake Mead, Nobel Prize Cark David Anderson for positron and Victor Francis Hess for cosmic radiation, Dr. Alexis carrel develops artificial heart, Dirigible “Hindenburg” lands at Lakehurst NH after transatlantic flight, Fird Goundation established, London U moves to Bloomsbury, Mrs. Amy Mollison flies from England to S Africa, Olympic Games held in Germany – Jesse Owens wins four gold medals, Len Hutton emerges as England’s leading cricket player, death of French flier Louis Bleriot, BBC London inaugurates television service, Henry Luce begins publishing “Life”, Baseball Hall of Fame founded in Cooperstown NY, Bruno Richard Hauptman convicted of kidnapping Lindbergh baby, Floods sweep Johnstown PA, BBC debuts with three hours a day of programming, Popular musicians: Bing Crosby, Fred Astaire (The Way You Look Tonight), Tommy Dorsey, Benny Goodman, FDR and Eleanor meet in Utah for funeral of secretary of war (former UT governor) George H. Dern, Heber J. Grant encourages votes against FDR – wins anyway, Execution of Albert Fish the “Gray Man” “Werewolf of Wysteria” “Brooklyn Vampire” “The Bogeyman” who was a child rapist and cannibal 1937 8 years of droughts in SW Australia begins, last of six years of drought in US great plains, End of dictatorship of Getulio Vargas in Brazil, India has self- autonomy, conflict between Jews and Arabs in Palestine, Undeclared war in China and Japan until 1945, Eamonn de Valera becomes prime minister of Ireland, US National Labor Relations Act, New Zealand National Party formed in opposition to Labour Party, Fire in Australia, eruption in New Guinea, death of American industrialist John D Rockefeller, 7.3 AK quake, Joe Lewis wins heavyweight boxing title, Keyes publishes regarding money, radiometric dating invented, radio telescope put into operation, Turing machine (computer/simulator) invented, death of French composer and organist Charles Marie Widor, death of American statesman Elihu Root, death of first Czechoslovakian president Tomas Garrigue Masaryk, Japanese invade China, Picasso's "Guernica", nylon patented (see 1934), death of Scottish dramatist and writer of Peter Pan J.M. Barrie, death of American author Edith Wharton, death of British statesman Austen Chamberlain, death of British statesman James Ramsay MacDonald, death of Austrian psychiatrist Alfred Adler, death of English scientist and 1908 Nobel Prize winner Ernest Rutherford, death of Italian physicist Guglielmo Marconi, death of French composer Maurice Ravel, death of English novelist John Drinkwater, Poland refuses to sign agreement to return Danzig to Germany, Amnesty declared for illegal Austrian Nazia, Moscow show trial against Karl radek and other political leaders takes place – purge of USSR generals – Marshal Tukhachevsky executed, George VI crowned King of Great Britain – broadcast of ceremonies first worldwide program heard in the US, Spanish rebels take Malaga destroy Guernica and Gijon – Spanish government moves to Barcelona – Franco begins naval blockade – government troops open offensive at teruel, All-India Congress Party wins elections, Mussolini visits Libya and Berlin, death of British statesman Austen Chamberlain, Italy and Yugoslavia sign Belgrade Pact, Schuschnigg and Mussolini meet in Venice, FDR signs US Neutrality Act, Imperial Conference held in London, Stanley Baldwin retires – Neville Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister of Britain, Prince Konoye named Japanese Premier – aggressive Japanese war policy begins, Lein Blum resigns and Camille Chautemps becomes French Premier, death of US political figure Elihu Root, Japanese seize Peking Tientsin Shanghai Nanking and Hangchow – Chiang Kai- shek unites with Communists – led by Mao Tse-tung and Chou En-lai – Chinese government makes Chungking its capital, Royal Commission on Palestine recommends the establishment of Arab and Jewish states, Britain signs naval agreements with Germany and the USSR, President Roosevelt appoints Hugo Black to Supreme Court, Bakr Sidqi of Iraq assassinated, Germany guarantees inciolability of Belgium, Wall Street declines again, US Supreme Court rules in favor of minimum wage law fir women, Sitdown strikes involve about 500k people in US, Riots in Sudeten area of Czechoslovakia – Sudeten Germans leave Czech parliament, Italy joins anti-Comintern Pact, Lord Halifax visits Hitler – beginning of policy of appeasement, Italy withdraws from League of Nations, Japanese planes sink US gunboat Panay in Chinese waters, Aden becomes British Crown Colony, Strike against Republic Steel in Chicago – 4 killed and 84 hurt, death of first president of Czechoslovakia Tomas Garrigue Masaryk, WRITERS: AUsen and Isherwood, Van Wyck Brooks, John Dos Passos, Ernest Hemingway, Malraux, John P Marquand, Allan Nevins, Clifford Odets, George Orwell, Sartre, John Steinbeck (Of Mice and Men), Giradoux, Laurence Housman, JB Priestley, Kenneth Wharton, AJ Cronin, Compton Mackenzie, Walter Lippmann, Seebohm Rowntree, Aldous Huxley, Karen Horney, Deaths: John Drinkwater (ENG), JM Barrie (SCO), Edith Wharton (USA), Adele Sandrock (GER), Martin Niemoller a Protestant parson of Berlin interned in concentration camp by Hitler, ART: Picasso (Guernica), Jacob Pestein, Klee, Joan Miro, Georges Braque, Paul Mellon endows National gallery in DS, Albert Speer becomes Hitler’s chief architect, Films: “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs” (Disney), “Elephant Boy” “Un Carnet de Bal” “Dead End” “La Grande Illusion” “Camille” (Garbo), “Life of Emile Zola”, MUSIC: Stravinsky, Shostakovich, Jaromir Weinberger, Rodgers and Hart, Harold Rome, Paul von Klenau, Carl Orff (Carmina Burana), Deaths: Maurice Ravel, George Gershwin, Albert Roussel, Israel Philharmonic founded in Tel Aviv, Popular songsL “Bei Mir Bist Du Schon” “The Lady is a Tramp” “Whistle While You Work””A Foggy Day in London Town” “The Dipsy Doodle” “Harbor Lights” “It’s Nice Work If You Can Get It” “I’ve Got My Love To Keep Me Warm”, SCIENCE: Insulin used to control diabetes, Crystalline vitamin A and K concentrates first obtained, Wallace H Carothers patents nylon for du Pont, First jet engine built by Frank Whittle, Marietta Blau examines cosmic radiation using photographic plate, Bonneville Dam on Columbia River OR opens, Matrimonial Causes Bill facilitates divorce proceedings in England, Amelia Earhart lost on Pacific flight, ARP introduced in England, Lincoln Tunnel opened between New York City and New Jersey, Lord Nuffield founds his college at Oxford, Disaster of “Hindenburg” at Lakehurst described in forst transcontinental radio broadcast, Franch armament factories nationalized, Golden Gate Bridge opened, death of German general Erich Ludendorff, death of John D Rockerfeller, EA Filene, Andrew Mellon businessmen, London Bus Strike, Duke of Windsor marries Mrs. Wallis Simpson, two London papers merge, Joe Louis regains heabyweight boxing title, Billy Butlin opens first commercial holiday camp in Britain, “”War Admiral” wins triple crown, Deaths: Lord Ernest Rutherford, Marconi, Edgar Bergen and puppet Charlie McCarthy debut on television popular musicians: Count Basie, Frances Langford or Claude Thornhill, Fred Astaire (They Can’t Take That Away From Me), Eddy Duchin (De-lovely), Tommy Dorsey or Sophie Tucker, Unit 731 in Japan begins human experimentation until end of WWII 1938 Conflict between Jews and Arabs in Palestine, Hitler compels Austria to form union with Germany, Munich crisis – France and Britain agree to allow Hitler to partition Czechoslovakia, Mexico takes over British and British oil companies in Mexico, Long Island NY cyclone, Tom “Tennessee” Williams arrives in New Orleans, Jun - 49 dies when cloudburst derails train in MT, HI quake 6.8, AK quake 8.2, Indonesia offshore quake 8.5, Yellow River flood kills between 500,000 and 700k, US minimum wage law instituted – set at 25 cents per hour, NAACP appoints Thurgood Marshall as special counsel, Ella Fitzgerald has first major hit, Laszlo Biro invents ballpoint pen, Louis Armstrong records “When the Saints Go Marching In”, Orson Welles broadcasts “War of the Worlds”, Neville Chamberlain predicts “peace in our time” while signing agreement with Adolph Hitler, Germany takes Austria, Munich Pact, Mexico nationalizes oil, Welles "War of the Worlds", death of Austrian philosopher Edmund Husserl, Levi registers cloth pocket tab as trademark, death of Italian poet Gabriele D’Annunzio, death of Russian theater producer Constantin Stanislavsky, death of German sculptor Ernst Barlach, death of Leo Frobenius the German ethnologist founder of the doctrine of culture stages, death of Russian singer Feodor Chaliapin, death of Turkish statesman Kemal Ataturk, death of Czech author Karel Capek, death of American author Thomas Wolfe, Japanese enter Tsingtao install Chinese puppet government in Nanking withdraw from League and take Canton and Hankow, Hitler appoints self war Minister – Ribbentrop Foreign Minister meets Schuschnigg at Berchtesgaden and marches into Austria – Mussolini and Hitler meet in Rome – Pogroms in Germany, Sudenten Germans in Czechoslovakia demand autonomy – first Czechoslovakia crisis – Tunciman visits Prague and reports in favor of Nazi claims – Germany mobilizes and France calls up reservists – Chamberlain meets Hitler at Berchtesgaden and Godesberg – Hodza resigns from Czech cabinet – Munich conference takes place in Sep – Germany occupies Sudetenland, Franco recaptures Teurel takes Vinaroz and begins offensive in Catalonia, Edin resigns in protest against Chamberlain’s policy – Churchill leads country’s outcry – Duff Cooper resigns as first Lord of the Admiralty – President Benes resigns – Slovakia and Ruthenia granted autonomy – Hungary annexes south Slovakia – Emil Hacha installed as puppet President of Czeshoslovakia, USSR show trials condemn Bukharin Rykov and Jagoda, Martin Dies chairs House Un-American Activities Committee, King George VI visits Paris, Anti-Jewish legislation enacted in Italy, death of Kemal Ataturk and Ismet Inonu becomes president of Turkey, Keitel Guderian and Halder become the new leaders of the German army, death of US Supreme Court Justice Benjamin Cardozo, President Roosevelt sends appeal to Hitler and Mussolini to settle European problems amicably, US Supreme Court rules that U of MO Law School must admit Negroes due to lack of other facilities in area, Stanley F Reed appointed to Supreme Court, President Roosevelt recalls American ambassador to Germany - Germany recalls ambassador to US, WRITE: Stuart Chase, Cyril Connolly, Daphne du Maurier, William Faulkner, Rachel Field, Graham Greene, Christopher Isherwood, Philip Barry, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings (The Yearling), Robert Sherwood, Thornton Wilder (Our Town), Emlyn Williams, Richard Wright, Sinclair Lewis, Robert Benchley, Ernest Hemingway, Robinson Jeffers, John gould Fletcher, Archibald MacLeish, David Lloyd George, Johan Huizinga, Lewis Mumford, Edwyn Bewan, John Dewey, Alfred North Whitehead, George Santayana, Deaths: Gabriele D’Annunzio, Constantin Stanislavsky, Karel Capek (CZE), Owen Wister, Thomas Wolfe (USA), Edmund Husserl (AUS), ART: Raoul Dufy, Frank Lloyd Wright builds Taliesin West in Phoenix, Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer design Haggerty House in MA, The Cloisters built in upper Manhattan as branch of Metropolitain Museum, death of German sculptor Ernst Barlach, Oskar Kokoschka leaves Germany and settles in England, Films: “Pygmalion” “Le Quai des Brumes” “Alexander Nevski” “The Lady Vanishes” (Hitchcock), “Bank Holiday” “You Can’t Take It With You”, death of William Glackens, MUSIC: Honegger, Bela Bartok, Gian Carlo Menotti, Richard Strauss, Werner Egk, Kurt Weill, Walter Piston, DEATHS: Feodor Chaliapin, Benny Goodman adds big band style to swing, Harvard grants honorary degree to black singer Marian Anderson, Popular Songs: “Flat Foot Floogie with a Floy Floy” “September Song” “A Tisket A Tasket” “Jeepers Creepers” “Falling in Love with Love” “You Must Have Been A Beautiful Baby”, SCIENCE: Franz Boas writes about general anthropology, Albert Einstein and Leopold Infeld writes about the evolution of physics, Lajos Biro invents ballpoint pen (HUN), Perlon invented, Lancelot Hogben writes about science for the citizen, Grote Reber receives short waves from Milky Way, Karter Salomon and Fritzsche chemically identify vitamin E, isolation of pyridoxine (vitamin B6), Women’s Voluntary Services founded in Britain by Lady Reading, Bartlett Dam in AZ completed, Clarence Darrow the lawyer dies, Gas masks issued to British civilians during the Munich crisis, 40- hour workweek established in US< Lambeth Walk becomes fashionable dance, Howard Hughes flies around world, SS Queen Elizabeth launched, Edward Hulton starts “Picture Post”, JJohn Warde jumps after almost 12 hours on ledge of Gotham Hotel in New York, War of the World debuts, “Information Please” quiz show debuts on radio, Artists “Whiltle While You Work” Artie Shaw, Benny Goodman, Andrews Sisters, (Shortenin’ Bread and Bei Mir Bist Du Schoen), War of the Worlds broadcast frightens many Americans 1939 Yellow River floods, end of civil war in Spain, South Africa declares war on Germany, Stalin and Hitler agree to divide Poland, Germany invades Poland, Robert Menzies becomes Australian prime minister, Earthquake in Chile, Earthquake in Turkey, flood and famine in China, treasure of Anglo-Saxon king Ethelhere discovered, Sep - The "El Cordonazo" tropical storm hits between Los Angeles and San Diego, "The Wizard of Oz" debuts on film, 7.8 Turkey quake kills 32,700, 50k word novel written by Wright without a single letter “e”, Ernest Heinkel flies first jet aircraft, WWII begins when Germany invades Poland, Hahn of Germany discovers fission, first helicopter, Steinbeck's "Grapes of Wrath", death of Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud, death of English actor-manager Sir Frank Benson, bras first sold with cup sizes, death of Irish poet and 1923 Nobel Prize winner William Butler Yeats, death of English author Ford Madox Ford, death of English novelist Ethel M Dell, Death of Dutch-German-American aircraft designer Anthony Fokker, death of German dramatist Ernst Toller, Roosevelt asks Congress for $552 million for defense and demands assurances from Hitler and Mussolini that they will not attack, Chamberlain and Halifax visit Rome, Walther Funk replaces Dr. Schacht as President of German Reichsbank, Germany occupies Bohemia and Moravia places Slovakia under “protection” annexes Memel renounces nonaggression pact with Poland and naval agreement with England and concludes 10-year alliance with Italy and nonaggression pact with USSR, Japanes occupy Hainan and blockade British concession at tientsin – US renounces Japanese trade agreement of 1911, Britain and France recognize Franco’s government – US recognition follows – Spanish civil war ends Spain joins anti-Comintern Pact and leaves League of nations, Italy invades Albania, Hungary qyits League of nations, Conscription adopten in Britain, Molotov succeeds Litvinov as USSR Commissar for Foreign Affairs, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth visit US, England and Poland sign trety of mutual assistance, women and children evacuated from London, death of US industrialist Charles Schwab, WWII – Germany invades Poland and annexes Danzig (Sep 1) Britain and France declare war on Germany – US declares neutrality – Winston Churchill becomes first Lord of the Admiralty – Germans sink the “Athenia” off Ireland – Smuts becomes Premier of S Africa – Germans overrun W Poland and reach Brest-Litovsk and Warsaw – USSR invades Poland from east – British Expeditionary Force of 158k troops sent to France, Britain and France reject Hitler’s peace feelers – HMS Royal Oak sunk – USSR invades Finland and is expelled from the League – Battle of the River Plate – hans Frank named Nazi Governor-General of Poland – Ernst Udet General of the Luftwaffe – von Papen ambassador to Turkey, After 1938 recession US economy begins to recover and by autumn is booming from orders of European orders for war supplies, US Supreme Court rules sitdown strikes are illegal, Coal strike by United Mine Workers demonstrates power of john L Lewis, President Roosebelt appoints William O Douglas and Felix Frankfurter to Supreme Court, WRITE: Russel Crouse and Howard Lindsay, Robert Graves, John Gunther, Adolf Hiter (Mein Kampf English translation), James Joyce, Richard Llewellyn (How Green Was My Valley), Thomas Mann, John Steinbeck (The Grapes of Wrath), Jan Struther, TS Eliot, William Saroyan, George S Kaufman and Moss Hart (The Man Who Came to Dinner), Anna Seghers, Eric Ambler, CS Forester, Andre Gide, Saint- Exupery, Carl Van Doren, Karl Haushofer, EH Carr, Serge Chakotin, John Dewey, Arthur Eddington, Charles Sherrington, HW Briggs, Jose Ortega y Gasset, Pope Pius XI dies and Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli elected Pope Pius XII, Methodist Church rent by schisms of 1830 and 44 reunited, death of WB Yeats (IRE), death of German dramatist Ernst Tolelr, death of US journalist Heywood Broun, death of English author Ford Madox Ford, death of English novelist Ethel M Dell, death of English actor FR Benson, Havelock Ellis (ENG), ART: Laura Knight, Picasso, Stanley Spencer, Graham Sutherland, Jacob Epstein, Lyonel Feininger, Kandinsky, Henry Moore, Utrillo, death of American actor Douglas Fairbanks, Frank Lloyd Wright’s design for Johnson Wax Company building becomes a reality, Films: “Ninotchka” (Garbo) “Gone With The Wind” “Goodbye Mr. Chips” “The Wizard of Oz” “Stagecoach” MUSIC: Rodgers and Hart, Aaron Copland, Carl ORff, Ivor Novello, Cole Porter, Myra Hess organizes National Gallery lunchtime concerts in London, England war songs “Roll out the Barrel” (Czech), “Hang Out the Washing on the Siegfried Lin” “The Last Time I Saw Paris” – in Germany “Wir fahren gegen England” “Bomben auf England” “Lili Marlene” Popular Songs: “God Bless America” “Three Little Fishes” “Over the Rainbow” “Beer Barrel Polka” “I’ll Never Smile Again”, “Grandma Moses” becomes famous in US (Anna M Robertson), SCIENCE: Hahn and Strassman obtain barium isotopes by bombarding uranium with neutrons, Joliot-Curie demonstrates possibility of splitting atom, Paul Muller synthesizes DDT, Polyethylene invented, Sigmund Freud dies, Igor Sikorsky constructs first helicopter, Ernest O Lawrence wins Nobel Prize for development of cyclotron, Philip Levine and Tufus Stetson discover Rh factor of blood, Edwin H Armstrong invents FM frequency modulation, ++ BOAC founded, Malcolm Campbell establishes water speed record of 368.85 mph, Pan-American airways begins flights between US and Europe on “Dixie Clipper”, Frank Buchman reforms Oxford Group as Moral Re-Armament, first televised baseball game, Earthqyake in Anatolia claims 45k, Anglo-Saxon burial ship excavated in Suffolk, Balloons used as barriers against air attacks in Britain, Radar stations used in Britain to give early warning of approaching aircraft, Nylon stockings first appear, Australia wins Davis Cup from US, Batman cartoon debuts, artists: Judy Garland, Kate Smith, Kay Kyser, Louis Armstrong, Glenn Miller, “Monster Study” at University of Iowa does psychological experiments on children regarding speech patterns 1940 End of Third Republic of France, British scientists develop radar, France surrenders to Germany, non-English speaking immigrants head to Australia, Trotsky assassinated in Mexico City, end of US dustbowl, Earthquake in Romania * Hoover telegraphs President Grant to thank Church for food drive, Jan - Deep South deep freeze - ice skating in AL, Nov - Armistice Day Blizzard kills 149 in Great Lakes region, Gene Kelly begins dancing on Broadway, U.S. ends "protector" status of Dominican Republic, UT – actor Merlin Olsen born in Logan UT, CA quake 7.1 kills 9, Vrancea ROM quake 7.4, first bomb dropped on Berlin kills only elephant in Berlin Zoo, Dr. Charles Drew develops methods of storing plasma and transfusing blood, Hattie McDaniel becomes first person of African descent to win an Oscar, Igor Sikorsky invents helicopter, Lascaux cave discovered by boys in France, Walt Disney’s Fantasia opens, Japanese drop bags of plague-infested fleas over Ningbo and Quzhou in Zhejiang, End of Spanish Civil war, Germany invades Holland, Norway, France, bombs Britain, Hemingway's "For Whom The Bell Tolls", death of 1927 Nobel Prize winner and Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist Julius Wagner von Jauregg, death of Swedish novelist and Nobel Prize winner Selma Lagerlof, death of British Labour Pilitician George Lansbury, death of Swedish poet and `9`6 Nobel Prize winner Verner von Heidenstam, stockings first made of nylon (see 1937), death of English actress Mre. Patrick Campbell (Beatrice Tanner), death of English newspaper man Harold Harmsworth (Lord Rothermere), death of Neville Chamberlain, death of German chemist and industrialist and 1931 Nobel Prize winner Carl Bosch, death of Swiss painter Paul Klee, death of Russian communist leader Leon Trotsky, death of English artist Eric Gill, death of German chemist and 1931 Nobel Prize winner Friedrich Bergius, death of German dramatist Walter Hasencleber, Trotsky assassinated in mexico, death of Neville Chamberlain, Hitler names Hermann Goering Reichs-Marschall and successor- designare, British Fascist leader Oswald Mosley imprisoned, FDR reelected over Wendell Willkie, John L Lewis (anti-Roosevelt labor leader) resigns as head of CIO, death of William T Borah Senator and isolationist, President Roodevelt appoints Frank Murphy to Supreme Court, WWII: Sugar bacon and butter rationed in Britain, Finland signs peace treaty wuth USSR after being attacked, Germany invades Norway and Denmark, Chamberlain resigns and Churchill becomes British prime Minister, Home Guard formed in Britain, Germany invades Holland Belgium and Luzembourg, Churchill’s “blood toil tears and sweat” speech, Dutch army surrenders, Belgium capitulates, British forces 340k evacuated from Dunkirk, Italy declares war on France and Britain, Germans enter Paris, Churchill offers France union with Britain but Marshal Petain head of Franch government concludes armistice with Germany, Royal Navy seeks French fleet in Oran,, RAF begins night bombing of Germany, 90 German bombers shot down over Britain, Czechoslovak National Committee in London recognized as provisional government, Britian signs agreements with Polish government and free French under de Gaulle, Battle of Britain, Japan Germany and Italy sign military and economic pact, Congress passes Selective Service Act to mobilize US military, 180 German planes shot down, London “Blitz” begins, US destroyers sold to Britain, Hiterl and Mussolini meet at Brenner Pass, Heavy raids on London, Britain reopens Burma Road, Germany intensifies U-boat warfare, Molotov visits Berlin, Eighth Army under Wavell opens offensive in N Africa, air raid on Manchester, Eden named British foreign secretary, WRITE: Mortimer Adler, Graham Greene, Ernest Hemingway (For Whom the Bell Tolls), Eugene O’Neill, Kenneth Roberts, Upton Sinclair, Richard Wright, eric Ambler, Arthur Bryant, Raymond Chandler, Lillian Hellman, Arthur Koestler, Charles Morgan, Emlyn Williams, Robert Ardrey, Thomas Wolfe (posth), Carl Sandburg, Mark Van Doren, Elliott Nugent and Hames Thurber, JM Keynes, AJ Auer, CG Jung, George Santayana, Edmund Wilson, Robert E Sherwood, DEATHS: John Buchan (Lord Tweedsmuir) (SCO), F Scott Fitzgerald (USA 44), Hamlin Garland (USA), Selma Lagerlof, Mrs. Patrick Campbell (ENG), Walther Hasenclever (GER), Nathaniel West (Nathan Wallenstein Weinstein) (USA), HAL Fisher (ENG), Emma Goldman (USA), Lillian D Wald (USA), Bertrand Russell English philosopher and mathematician appointed to Harvard, ART: Max Beckmann, Kandinsky, Matisse, John Piper, Rex Whistler, Frank Lloyd Wright created Southern College in Lakeland FL, David Low’s anti-Hitler cartoons, Lascaux caves discovered in France with paintings from 20k BC, deathof English artist Eric Gill, death of Edouard Vuillard, Paul Klee, Edmund Duffy wins third Pulitzer for cartoons, Films: “Grapes of Wrath” “The Great Dictator” (Chaplin) “Rebecca” (Hitchcock), “Gaslight” “Fantasia” (Disney), “Jud Suss” (German anti-Jewish propaganda), MUSIC: Irving Berlin, Stravinsky, Rodgers and Hart, European composers move to US – including Schonberg, Stravinsky, Bartok Hindemith Krenek Milhaud Martinu Weill Toch Kalman Benatzky Abraham Stolz and Oskar Straus, Duke Ellington becomes popular composer and jazz pianist, Popular songs: “You Are My Sunshine” “How High the Moon” “The Last Time I Saw Paris” “When You Wish upon a Star” “It’s a Big Wide Wonderful World” “Oh Johnny” “South of the Border” “Blueberry Hill” “Woodpecker Song”, SCIENCE: British Scientific Committee appointed, Giant cyclotron built at the U of CA, Howard Florey develops penicillin, ceath of German chemist Carl Bosch, death of Julius Wagner von Jauregg Austrian psychiatrist, New combustion chamber for jet engines designed, Cavity magnetron invented, First electron microscope demonstrated in Camden NJ, Edwin McMillan and Philip Abelson discover neptunium, First successful helicopter flight in US, George Cross instituted by King George VI, death of Lord Rothermere, Jack Dempsey retires from the ring, “Galloping Gertie” suspension bridge over Tacoma Narrows of Puget Sound breaks in wind and drops, Color television demonstrated in NY, WNBT first regular television station debuts, first Bugs Bunny cartoon, superman radio show debuts, Artists: Glenn Miller, Ink Spots, Coleman Hawkins, Will Bradley, Hoover telegraphs President Grant to thank Church for food drive 1941 German army under Rommel attacks British in N Africa, Ethiopia liberated from Italians by Ethiopians and British and recognized as independent, Japanese overrun SE Asia, Jet aircraft developed in England and Germany, US Congress passes Lend-Lease Act to fund allies, Pearl Harbor attacked, Avalanche in Peru, Roosevelt prohibits discrimination in defense industries, Roosevent dedicates National Gallery of Art in Washington DC, Japanese attack Pearl harbor, US enters war, Germany invades Russia, begins "final" extermination of Jews, Manhattan Project to build bomb, "Citizen Kane" released, death of Norwegian composer Christian Sinding, death of British general and founder of the Boy Scout movement Robert Baden-Powell, death of Austrian composer Wilhelm Kienzl, death of French philosopher Henri Bergson, death of German Emperor William II, death of Polish pianist and statesman Ignace Paderewski, death of Indian philosopher Rabindranath Tagore, death of German sociologist and economist Werner Sombart, death of 1920 Nobel Prize winner German physician and chemist Walther Nernst, death of English novelist Virginia Woolf, Death of Irish novelist James Joyce, death of King Alfonso XIII of Spain, death of Canadian physicist and 1923 Nobel Prize winner Frederick Banting, death of poet Christian Morgenstern, Sherwood Anderson dies from swallowing a toothpick, US Office of Price Administration established to regulare prices – steel price frozen and rubber rationed, US Savings bonds go on sale, Roosevelt appoints Byrnes and Jackson to supreme court, death of US jurist Louis D Brandeis, WWII: General Wavell occupies Benghazi, British invade Abyssinia, Lend-Lease bill signed in US, German air raids on London resumed, pro-Nazi Prince Paul regent of Yugoslavia deposed, German U-boat attacks intensified, German counter-offensive in N Africa opens, Benghazi evacuated, blitz on Coventry, Rommel aattacks tobrik, Stalin undisputed head of Soviet government, Hitler’s deputy, Rudolf Hess lands in Scotland, Germans invade Crete, HMS Hood sunk, Bismarck sunk, US greezes German and Italian assets in US, Germans invade Russia and capture Minsk Smolensk Tallinn and enter Ukraine, Churchill and Roosevelt meet and sign Atlantic Charter, Germans advance to outskirts of Leningrad and continue towards Moscow – take Kiev Orel Odessa and Kharkov, Russian government evacuated to Kuibyshev but Stalin stays in Moscow, RAF bombs Nuremberg, HMS Ark Royal sunk, British begin attack in western desert, Marshal timoshenko launches Russian counter-offensive, Joseph C Grew the US ambassador to Japan warns Roosevelt about possible attack, Anthony Eden visits Moscow, Japanese bomb Pearl harbor, US and Britain declare war on Japan, Japanese sink HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse, Japanese invade Philippines, Germany and Italy declare war on US, US declares war on Germany and Italy, Rommel retreats in N Africa, Churchillvisits Washington and Ottawa, British gain control of Cyrenaica, Hong Kong surrenders to Japanese, WRITE: Louis Aragon, Ilya Ehrenburg, F Scott Fitzgerald (The Last Tycoon), Franz Werfel, Bertolt Brecht, Noel Coward, Rose Franken, AJ Cronin, Joseph E Davies, Winston Churchill, JP Marquand, William L Shirer, Upton Sinclair, John Masefield, Benedetto Croce, Etienne Gilson, Reinhold Niebuhr, Rudolf Bultmann, Erwin Piscator founds Studio Theater in New York, BBC Brains’ Trust broadcast, DEATHS: James Joyce, Sherwood Anderson (USA)< Virginia Woolf (ENG), Rabindranath tagore, Henri Bergson, ART: Edward Hopper (Nighthawks), Stuart Davis, Fernand Leger, Paul Nash, Stanley Spencer, Henry Moore’s drawings of refugees in London air raid shelters, Feliks Topolski executes drawings of British forces, National Gallery of Art in DC opens, death of artist Robert Delaunay, Films: “The Two-Faced Woman” (Garbo’s last), “Citizen kane” (Orson Welles), “Kipps” “The Big Store” (Marx brothers), “The 49th Parallel” “Ohm Kruger” (anti-British propaganda), “Suspicion” (Hitchcock), “How Green Was My Valley”, MUSIC: Roy Harris, Michael Tippett, William Walton, Shostakovich, deaths: Paderwski, Wilhelm Kienzl (AUS), Christian Sinding (NOR), Popular songs: “Bewitched Bothered and Bewildered” “Deep in the Heart of Texas” “I Don’t Want To Set The World On Fire” “Chattanooga Choo-Choo” “I Got It Bad and That Ain’t Good” SCIENCE: Donald bailey invents portable military bridge, Hans Haas begins underwater photography, “Manhattan Project” begins, Whinfield and Dickson invent Dacron, Ferry Command aircraft crosses Atlantic, death of German physicist Walther Nernst, Edwain McMillan and Glenn T Seaborg discover plutonium, Construction of Gatun Locks on Panama Canal begins, Grand Coulee Dam in Washionton starts operation, Rainbow Bridge over Niagara Falls NY opens, Air Training Corps established in Britain, “Mosquito” fighter aircraft in use, British Air Raid Precaution reorganized as Civil Defence, “Utility” clothing and furniture encouraged in Britain and clothes rationing starts, American Bowling Congress Hall of Fame established, Joe DiMaggio hits in 56 consecutive games establishing record, death of Lord Baden-Powell, death of English aviatrix Amy Johnson, death of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, US Supreme Court upholds Federal Wage and Hour Law restricting work of 16-18 year olds and stting minimum wage for businesses engaged in innerstate commerce, Jeanette Rankin the US Representative casts sole dissenting vote on going to war, “Whirlaway” wins triple crown, death of baseball great Lou Gehrig, Monument Over Time Capsule to be opened in 6939 dedicated, Artie Shaw (Stardust), Wayne King (You Are My Sunshine), Billie Holiday, Andrews Sisters (Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy), Ink Spots, Truth or consequences becomes most popular radio show, 1942 Cyclone hits Bengal and Bangladesh, British defeat German army at Battle of El Alamein in Egypt, Japanese overrun SE Asia, Naval victories at Midway Island, Cyclone in Bengal India, Apr West Palm Beach, Fl gets 8.35 inches of rain in 2 hours, Apr - Wartime tornado in OK, Irving Berlin's "This is the Army" debuts, Turkey 6.9 quake, Boston MA Cocoanut Grove nightclub fire – overcrowded club started on fire and only door (revolving) blocked by trampled bodies – 487-492 die, London 111 trampled in the blitz during air raid warning, Lena Horne moves to Los Angeles, Satchel Paige pitches 4th consecutive victory for Kansas City monarchs, US Congress edits “Pledge of Allegiance”, Sinatra plays Paramount Theater in NY, Casablanca premiers, Werner von Braun’s rocket breaks sound barrier, Enrico Fermi makes first controlled atomic chain reaction, Jacques Coustrau and Emile Gagnan invent the aqua-lung, Voice of America makes first international broadcast, US internment of Japanese , Fermi builds nuclear reactor, German jet aircraft in combat, Hopper's "Nighthawks" painted, Camus' "The Stranger", death of English artist Philip Wilson Steer, death of English physicist and 1915 Nobel Prize winner WH Bragg, death of Austrian composer and conductor Felix von Weingartner, death of Russian author Dimitri Merezhkovsky, death of English actress Marie Tempest, death of Austrian author Stefan Zweig, WWII: the 26 allies pledge not to make separate peace treaties with the enemies – the term United Nations achieves world-wide prominence, Japanese invade Dutch East Indies and take Kuala Lumpur invade Burma, Rommel launches new offensive, Quisling becomes Premier of Norway, Japanese capture Singapore Java and Tangoon, Churchill reconstructs ministry, British raid St. nazaire and bomb Lubeck and Cologne, US Government transfers 100k Japanese-Americans (Niseis) to inland camps, Japanese occupy Bataan and force march (Bataan Death March) of American and Philippine Prisoners, Tokyo bombed by Major General Doolittle, Americans win Battle of the Coral Sea, Japanese in Mandalay and Corregidor, Czech patriots assassinate Gestapo leader Heydrich and Nazis burn village of Lidice in Bohemia in retaliation, Americans defeat Japanese at Midway, Rommel takes Tobruk, FBI captures eight German saboteurs who landed in FL and NY, German counter-attack near Kharkov and take Sebastopol, Second Front demonstrations in London, Americans in Guadalcanal, German sink HMS Eagle and HMS Manchester, Alexander Commander-in-Chief, Middle East, Montgomery Commander of Eighth Army in Africa, Germans reach Stalingrad, Battle of El Alamein gebins, 400k American troops land in French North Africa, Rommel retreats and loses Tobruk and Benghazi, French navy scuttled in Toulon, Britain and Indian troops advance in Bruma, Germans work on V-2 rocket, Albert Speer named German armament minister, Millions of Jews begin to be executed in concentration camps, Gandhi demands independence for India and is arrested, MacArthur appointed commander-in-Chief of the Far East, Admiral Darlan assassinated, WRITE: William Rose Benet, Ellen Glasgow, Albert Camus, TS Eliot, William Faulkner, Elliot Paul, John Steinbeck, William L White, Jean Anouilh, Terence Rattigan, Sartre, Klaus Mann, Upton Sinclair, Thornton Wilder, William Beveridge, EH Carr, LB Namier, James Burnham, GH Trevelyan, RG Collingwood, Erich Fromm, Reichenbach, james Gould Cozzens, Lloyd C Douglas, Sidney Kingsley, Marion Hargrove, Maxwell Anderson, CS Lewis (Screwtape Letters), Kenneth Walker, Tommy Handley’s show the most popular BBC feature, DEATHS Marie Tempest (ENG), Stefan Zweig (GER), George M Cohan, John Barrymore, William Flinders Petrie (ENG), ART: Pierre Bonnard, John Piper, Graham Sutherland, Braque, DEATHS: Carole Lombard (plane crash), Walter Richard Sickert, Grant Wood, Philip Wilson Steer, Films: “Bambi” (Disney), “Mrs Miniver” “To Be or Not To Be” “Holiday Inn” (Bing Crosby), “The Evening Visitors” MUSIC: Ernest Bacon, Benjamin Britten, Aaron Copland (Rodeo), Gian carlo Menotti, Richard Strauss, Randall Thompson, Irving Berlin (White Christmas), Popular Songs:” I Left My Heart at the Stage Door Canteen” “White Christmas” “The White Cliffs of Dover” “Sleepy Lagoon” “Praise the Lord and Pass the Ammunition” “Be Careful, It’s My Heart” “Paper Doll” “That Old Black Magic”, SCIENCE: Enrico Fermi splits the atom, first electronic brain (automatic computer) developed in US, Magnetic recording tape invented, death of German-American ethnologist Franz Boas, death of English physicist William Henry Bragg, AC Hartley invents device for clearing fog from airfields (FIDO), Max Muller of Junkers develops turbo-prop engine, Bell Aircraft tests first US jetplane, Jenry J Kaiser develops techniques for building 10k ton ships in four days, Malta awarded the George Cross, Gilbert Murray founds Oxfam, “Stars and Stripes” paper appears, Pole vault record at 3.77 meters, Wartime “National Loaf” introduced in Britain, Mildenhall Treasure a hoard of Roman silverware discovered in Suffolk, Sugar rationing begins in US – rent frozen and gasoline rationed, coffee rationed, US Supreme Court rules Nevada divorces valid in US, Joe Louis retains boxing title, Death Michel Fokine (RUS choreographer), Felix von Weingartner (AUS), Artists: Bing Crosby, Alveno Rey (Deep in the Heart of Texas), Jimmy Dorsey, Mills Brothers 1943 Germans and Italians driven from North Africa, German Sixth Army fails to capture Stalingrad, eruption of Paracutin Venezuela, Turkey 7.7 quake, ENG – Blitz – 173 killed in stampede into subway tunnel at Bethnal Green, Jan - 49 degree (Fahrenheit) rise in temperature in two minutes in Spearfish, ND... eventually temperatures rose from -4 to 54, but dropped back to -4 later, cracking windows, Rodgers and Hammerstein's "Oklahoma" debuts, United Negro College Fund established, Wilhelm Kilff invents dialysis machine, Albert Hofmann takes first LSD trip as described in LSD: My Problem Child, Sartre publishes “Being and Nothingness”, Alan Turing leads development of Colossus computer which cracks German military codes, Independence for Lebanon, Allies defeat Italy, early computer prototypes, Sartre's "Being and Nothingness", death of Danish author and 1917 Nobel Prize winner Hendrik von Pontoppidan, death of Beatrice Webb (Potter) English socialist writer and politician, death of Russian composer and pianist Sergei Rachmaninoff, death of German theater producer Max Reinhardt, President Roosevelt appoints Wiley B Rutledge to Supreme Court, WWII: Germany withdraws form Caucasus, Casablanca Conference between Churchill and Roosevelt, Japanese driven from Guadalcanal, New German air attacks on London, British Eighth Army reaches Tripoli, Russians destroy German army southwest of Stalingrad, General Paulus surrenders at Stalingrad, Russians recapture Rostov and Kharkov, Hitler orders “scorched earth” policy, Allied armies in N Africa are placed under Eisenhower’s command, RAF raid on Berlin, 22-ship Japanese convoy sunk in Battle of the Bismarck Sea by US planes, British and US armies in Africa linkup – Rommel retreats, massacre in Warwaw ghetto, Allies take Tunis and Bizerte, German army surrenders in Tunisia, RAF bombs Ruhr dams, US forces land in New Guinea, US recaptures Aleutians, Allies land in Sicily and soon occupy Palermo, Mussolini dismissed, Marshal badoglio takes over in Italy, Quebec conference between Churchill, Roosevelt and Mackenzie King, Ploesti oil fields in Romania bombed by US, US troops enter Messina, Allies land in Salerno Bay and invade Italy, Eisenhower announces Italy’s unconventional surrender, Russians cross Dnieper north of Kiev – take Smolensk, American fifth army takes Naples, Italy declares war on Germany, Russians take Kiev, Mosley released from prison, General and Mme. Chiang Kai-shek meet with Roosevelt and Churchill in Cairo and agree to liberate Korea ofter Japanese defeat, US forcesregain Pacific islands, Churchill Stalin and Roosevelt hold Tehran conference, USSR Czechoslovak treaty for postwar cooperation, Students Hans and Sophie Scholl distribute anti-Nazi pamphlets in Munich and are caught and executed, Allied “round-the-clock” bombing of Germany begins, death of Polish General Wladyslaw Sikorski, WRITERS: Henry Green, Romain Rolland, James Bridie, Noel Coward, Nigel Balchin, Thomas Mann, Ernie Pyle, Wendell Willkie, Betty Smith (A Tree Grows In Brooklyn), Ricard Tregaskis, James Thruber, Franz Werfel and SN Behrman, John Van Druten, Upton Sinclair, Robert Frost, Ira Wolfert, Robert L Scott Jr. Ted Lawson, William Saroyan, DW Brogan, Harold Laski, AD Lindsay, Walter Lippmann, JM Thompson, Sartre, CE Raven, Martha Graham dances in “Deaths and Entrances”, Keynes announces plan for international currency union, Deaths: WW Jacobs (ENG), Max Reinhardt, Stephen Vincent Benet, Beatrice Webb (Lady Passfield), US Supreme Court rules that children need not salute the flag in schools if it is against their religion (reverses 1940 decision), ART: Thomas Hart Benton, Mondriaan, Henry Moore, Beckmann, Kokoschka, Jackson Pollock (first one-man show), Chagall, Grant WSood and John Steuart Curry and Yves Tanguy and Ferdand Leger, deaths Chaim Soutine and Marsden Hartley, Films: “Jane Eyre” “Munchhausen””Shadow of a Doubt” (Hitchcock), “Stalingrad” “Children Look at You” “Desert Victory” “Casablanca”, MUSIC: Aaron Copland, William Schuman, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Rodgers and Hammerstein (Oklahoma), Kurt Weill, Francis Poulenc, Schonberg, Paul Creston, Deaths: Rachmaninoff, Max Von Schillings (GER), Lorenz Hart (of Rodgers and Hart), Popular songs: “Mairzy Doats” “Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin’”, “People Will Say We’re in Love” “I’ll Be Seeing You (in All the Old Familiar Places)” “COmin’ in on a Wing and a Prayer” “A Lovely Way to Spend an Evening” SCIENCE: Penicillin successfully used in the treatment of chrinic diseases, Waksman and Schatz discover streptomycin, 1300 mile long “Big Inch” oil pipeline from texas to PA begins, Nobel Prize for discovery of vitamins AE and K, Nobel Prize for Physics Otto Stern for experiments in proton movement, death of Nikola tesla, death of George Washington Carver – founded of dTuskegee Institute etc., Henry Kaiser’s first “Liberty” ships launched, Charlie Chaplin marries Oona O’Neill, Nuffield Foundation formed, Famine strikes Bengal, President Roosevelt freezes wages salaries and prices, Infantile paralysis epidemic kills almost 1200 in US and cripples thousands more, Shoe rationing in US also meat cheese fats and canned foods, Coal mines taken ober by government when a half-million miners strike, pay-as-you-go income tax reinstituted, Race riots in several major US cities, Zoot suit with reet pleat popular with hepcats in US, Lindy hop yields to the Jitterbug as popular dance, “Count Fleet” wins triple crown, Radio classic “Amos ‘n’ Andy cancelled after 15 years, Artists “Oklahoma” casts, Bing Crosby, Duke Ellington, Mills Brothers, Rudy Vallee, 1944 Allies invade France, First free presidential election in Guatemala, Cyclone hits Cuba, Vesuvius eruption, Cyclone near Philippines, Tsunami hits Japan * FDR discusses genealogy and Mormons with Churchill, George H. W. Bush meets LDS friend while serving on sub, Jun - Tornadoes cross mountains in PA, OH, WV, defying scientific though, Sep - airforce plane flies into category 5 hurricane, UT – train wreck kills 50 in Bagley on Dec 31 as passenger train crashes into mail train, early Mayan translation begins, Japan quake kills 1223 8.1 and tsunami, Argentina quake kills 8-10000 7.8, Turkey quake 7.5, African American Adam Clayton Powell begins 11 term careen in House of Representatives, Dizzy Gillespie pioneers bebop jazz at Onyx Club in NY, DNA isolated as building blocks of genes, Allies defeat Normandy, France promises post-war independence to African colonies, Bretton Woods conference in US, death of French sculptor Aristide Maillol, death of English novelist Arthur Quiller-Couch, death of Norwegian painter Edvard Munch, death of Russian painter Vassili Kandinsky, death of French author and 1915 Nobel Prize winner Romain Rolland, death of Canadian humorist Stephen Leacock, death of British architect Edwin Lutyens, death of English conductor Henry J Wood, death of English physicist and 1917 Nobel Prize winner Charles Barkla, death of French author Jean Giradoux, Port Chicago explosion N of San Francisco kills 320, British politician Stephen Milligan dies from autoerotic asphyxiation, death of Al Smith, WWII: American Fifth Army launches attack east of Cassino, Allied landings at Nettuno and Anzio, Leningrad relieved, Monte Cassino monastery bombed, US troops complete conquest of Solomon and Marshall Islands, heavy air raids on London, Russian offensives in the Ukraine and Crimea, 800 flying fortresses drop 2k tons of bombs on Berlin, Sebastopol liberated, Monte Cassino and Rome in Allied hands, Victor Emmanuel III names Crown Prince Umberto the Lt.-General of the realm but retains the title of king, D-Day – landings in Normandy with over 4k landing craft – oil pipeline laid in channel bed, Mulberry Harbor assembled off Normandy, first flying-bomb (V-1) dropped on London, Allies take Orvieto and Cherbourg, south Japan bombed by US< US troops take Saigon, Russians capture 100k Germans at Minsk, German officers attempt to assassinate Hitler, Premier Tojo of Japan and his Cabinet resign, Russians at Brest-Litovsk, Warsaw uprising, Americans capture Guam from Japanese, British Eighth Army takes Florence, Dumbarton Oaks conference in Washington DC, discussion on UN, de Gaulle enters Paris, Brussels liberated, first V-2 rockets on Britain, Churchill and Roosevelt meet in Quebec, Americans cross German frontier near Trier, British airborne forces land at Eindhoven and Arnhem but have to withdraw, Churchill in Moscow, US troops land in Philippines, Russans and Yugoslavs enter Belgrade, Red Army occupies Hungary, end of Horthy’s dictatorship, Battle of Leyte Gulf ends in heavy losses for Japanese, Roosevelt elected for fourth term with Harry S Truman as vice president, “Battle of the Bulge” begins, North Burma cleared of Japanese, Budapest surrounded by Russians, Petain imprisoned at fortress of Belfort, France regains Lorraine, Bietnam declares herself independent of France under Ho Chi Minh, Victor Emmanuel III yields his royal prerogatives to son Umberto, Count Ciano the Fascist Foreign Minister executed on orders of his father-in-law Mussolini, Rommel commits suicide, WRITE: Stephen Vincent Benet, HE Bates, Catherine Drinker Bowen, Ivy Compton-Burnett, TS Eliot, John HErsey, Aldous Huxley, Rosamond Lehmann, W Somerset Maugham, Alberto Moravia, Ernie Pyle, Terence Rattigan, Sartre, Lillian Smith, Irving Stone, John Van Druten, Van Wuck Brooks, Kathleen Winsor, Tennessee Williams (The Glass Menagerie), Joyce Cary, Camus, Jean Giraudoux, Stefan Zweig, Mazo de La Roche, Norman Bentwich, William Beveridge, John Hilton, Julian Huxley, Sumner Welles, Lewis Mumford, DEATHS: Artthur Quiller-Couch (Q) (ENG), Romain Rolland, Jean Giraudoux, Antoine de Saint-Exupery (FRA), George Ade, Sister Aimee Semple McPherson (USA), ARTS: Feininger, Matisse, Arp Kandinsky Klee Mondriaan and Henry Moore (Art Concrete), Picasso, Vraque, Rouault, Rivera, DEATHS: Vasili Kandinsky (RUS), Aristide Maillol (FRA), Piet Mondriaan (DUT), Charles Dana Gibson (Gibson girl USA), Lucien Pissarro, Edwin L Lutyens (ENG), Edvard Munch (NOR), FILMS: “Henry V” (Olivier) “Les Enfants du Paradis” “Lifeboat” (Hitchcock), “Zola” “It Happened Tomottow” “Going My Way” MUSIC: Bartok, Aaron Copland, Shostakovich, Leonard Bernstein, Richard Strauss, Prokofiev, Walter Piston, death of English composer Ethel Smyth, death of English conductor Henry J Wood, Popular Songs: “Don’t Fence Me In” “Rum and Coca-Cola” “Swinging on a Star” “Sentimental Hourney” “Accentuate the Positive”, SCIENCE: Uranium pile built at Clinton TN, New cyclotron built at Washinton, Quinine synthesized, Ministry of National Insurance established in Britain, “Blackout” restrictions relaxed in Britain, first nonstop flight from Britain to Canada, death of US journalist William Allen White, Cost of living rises 30% in US, Ringling Brothers Barnum & Bailey Circus fire in Hartford CT kills 165, death of Kenesaw Mountain Landis the baseball commissioner, first network censorship – sound cut on “We’re Having a Baby, My Baby and Me”, DuMont Network goes on air – Paramount teams up but enterprise fails, artists: Bing Crosby, Judy Garland, Lionel Hampton, Merry Macs, FDR discusses genealogy and Mormons with Churchill, George H. W. Bush meets LDS friend while serving on sub 1945 8 years of drought in central Australia ends, World Zionist Conference calls for Jewish state in Palestine, US builds and drops A bombs on Japan, Scottish National Party sends first representative to parliament, Gnostic work by Origen discovered * FDR dies, to the delight of Church leadership (Joseph Fielding Smith and J. Reuben Clark), Truman stops to sleep in Utah after signing U.N. Charter 26 Jun, Truman thanks Saints for day of prayer, President Smith announces to Truman about post-war aid to Europe, Jul - B-25 bomber crashes into Empire State Building in dense fog. 14 die and New Yorkers believed their city to be under attack, ball point pens go on sail at Gimbels in New York, City Hall Station in New York discontinued due to longer trains and a sharp turn, "Carousel" debuts on Broadway, UT – Bertucci an army private guns down Germans in POW camp in Salina – buried at Fort Douglas 8 Germans, replacement of Waterloo Bridge in London, tsunami hits Balochistan (Iran Pakistan), plane crashes into Empire State Building, Ebony magazine founded, Dizzy Gillespie, Thelonious Monk and Charlie Parker begin era of bebop jazz, first television hits the market, Percy Spencer accidentally discovers microwave cooking, Jet streams discovered by pilots, Roosevelt dies, Germany surrenders, Potsdam Conference, Japan surrenders after bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, UN founded in San Francisco, death of British statesman David Lloyd George, death of Italian composer Pietro Mascagni, death of American scientist and 1933 Nobel Prize winner T.H. Morgan, death of German artist Kathe Kollwitz, death of French poet Paul Valery, death of American novelist Theodore Dreiser, death of German philosopher Ernst Cassirer, Death of German poet Else Lasker-Schuller, death of English physicist and 1922 Nobel Prize winner FW Aston, death of German dramatist Georg Kaiser, death of Hungarian composer Bela Bartok, death of FDR, death of Austrian composer Anton von Webern, death of French politician Pierre Laval, death of Benito Mussolini, death of Austrian author Franz Werfel, WWII: British offensive begins in Burma, Russian offensive in Silesia, Russians take Warsaw Cracow Tilsit and reach Oder River, Yalta Conference between Churchill Roosevelt and Stalin, Americans enter Manila, Budapest falls, British troops reach the Rhine, US air raids on Tokyo Cologne and Danzig, Okinawa captured, British Second Army crosses Rhine, last of German rockets fall over Britain, death of FDR and Truman presides, Russians reach Berlin, Bologna falls, US and USSR troops meet at Torgau, San Fran. Conference, Eden Molotov Smuts and Stettinius sign UN Charter, Leage of Nations holds final meeting in Geneva and turns over assets to UN, Bremen Genoa Verona and Venice taken, Allies cross Elbe, Mussolini killed by Italian partisans, Hitler suicide, German army on Italian front surrenders, Berlin surrenders to Russians and Germany capitulates (V-E Day) ends war in Europe, Allied Control Commission divides Germany into four zones, Spain excluded from UN, Three- power occupation of Berlin takes effect, Churchill Truman and Stalin confer at Potsdam, General election in Britain brings Labour landslide – Attlee becomes prime minister, US drops bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan surrenders – end of WWII – war dead estimated at 35 million in war plus 10 million in concentration camps, Petain sentenced to death, Independent republic of Vietnam formed with Ho Chi Minh as president, Quisling sentenced to death in Norway, Laval dentenced to death in France, Fighting between Nationalists and Communists in north China 0 US General George Marshall tries to mediate, Arab League founded to oppose the creation of Jewish state, De Gaulle elected president of French provisional government, Nuremberg trials of Naze war criminals begin, Nobel Peace Prize – American Secretary of State Cordell Hull, Federal People’s republic of Yugoslavia proclaimed – Tito chief of state, Karl Renner elected President of Austria, death of David Lloyd George, death of George S Patton the American general in auto accident, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (UN World Bank) founded with 27 trillion in capital, WRITE: Mary Chase (Harvey), Henry Green, Carlo Levi, Sinclair Lewis, George Orwell (Animal Farm), Evelyn Waugh, John Betjeman, Nancy Mitford, Osbert SItwell, James Thurber, Sartre, Hermann Hesse, Karl Shapiro, Nobel Prize for Literature Gabriela Mistral the Chilean poet, SW Brogan, LG Curtis, Lord Moran, Martin Buber, William L Sperry, CJ Webb, WS Melsome, DEATHS Robert Benchley (USA), Paul Valery, Theodore Dreiser, Gerog Kaiser (GER), Franz Werfel (AUS), Ernie Pyle (USA), Ernst Cassirer (GER), Shintoism abolished in Japan, ART: Stanley Spencer, Henry Moore, Stuart Davis, Jacov Epstein (sculpture), Frank Lloyd Wright designs Guggenheim in NY, DEATHS: Kathe Kollwitz (Ger), Trial of Hans van Meegeren the Dutch painter who forged great paintings, FILMS: “Rome, Open City” “Brief Encounter” “The Lost Weekend” “The Way to the Stars” “The Last Chance” “Ivan the Terrible” “The Man from the South” MUSIC: Richard Strauss, Benjamin Britten, Zoltan Kodaly, Prokofiev, Rodgers and Hammerstein (Carousel), DEATHS: Bela Bartok, Pietro Mascagni (ITA), SCIENCE: Lajos Janossy (HUN) explores cosmic radiation, Vitamin A synthesized, Fleming Florey and Chain win Nobel Prize for discovery of penicillin, First atomic bomb detonated near Alamogordo NM, death of German physicist Arthur Korn, Atomic Research Centre established in Hartwell ENG, “Black Markets” for food clothing and cigarettes throughout Europe, Family allowances introduced in Britain, Women’s suffrage becomes law in France, Bebop comes into fashion, Heirs of Ruppert and Barrow sell NY Yankees to sendicate, Empire State Building struck between 78-9th floors by B-52 bomber, RCA orthicon tube improves TV, FCC creates 13 channel broadcasting spectrum – applications follow, Artists Les Brown (Sentimental Journey), Andrews Sisters, Tommy Dorsey, Joe Liggins and the Honeydrippers, Harry James, FDR dies, to the delight of Church leadership (Joseph Fielding Smith and J. Reuben Clark), Truman stops to sleep in Utah after signing U.N. Charter 26 Jun, Truman thanks Saints for day of prayer, President Smith announces to Truman about post-war aid to Europe, End of Japan’s Unit 731 and their human experimentation, Airplane crashes into Empire State Building killing 14, death of “Bitch of Belsen” Irma Grese who savaged female prisoners 1946 Tsunami Hawaii, US bomb tested on Bikini Atoll in Marshall Islands – US and French test nuclear devices in Pacific, Courtenay Vancouver, BC quake, AK quakes 7.3 and 8.1 Unimak Island AK tsunami, Earthquakes and tsunamis in Japan – 8.1 kills 1330, Pres. G. A. Smith meets with former President Hoover, Truman sends congratulations to Utah on 50th anniversary, Christmas – Truman accidentally summons President G. S. Smith to the White House to wish him Merry Christmas, Nov - Cloud seeding discovered in MA, Vancouver BC quake 7.3, Dominican Republic quake kills 100 8.0 tsunami – two of them each in Aug, Japan quake kills 1330 8.1 with tsunami, Massive inflation in Hungary, Mauchly and Eckert create the ENIAC computer, commission on human rights established, Benjamin Spock publishes baby book, Nuremberg trials, Herman Hesse wins Nobel Prize, two-piece swimsuits debut on same day and A bomb testing on bikini atoll – suits more controversial, death of German dramatist Gerhart Hauptmann, death of English author HG Wells, death of English composer Granville Bantock, death of English composer Sidney Jones, death of American poet Gertrude Stein, death of Spanish composer Manuel de Falla, death of English theatrical producer Harley Granville-Barker, death of English economist John Maynard Keynes, death of American author Damon Runyon, death of English painter Paul Nash, death of Nazi leader Hermann Goering, death of Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, Truce declared in Chinese Civil War, UN General Assembly meets in London with Trygve Lie of Norway as Secretary-General, Albania Hungary Transjordan and Bulgaria become independent states, De Gaulle resigns presidency and is succeeded by Bidault – Leon Blum forms Socialist government, Juan Peron elected President of Argentina, Chruchill gives “Iron Curtain” speech, Britain and France evacuate Lebanon, East German Social Democrats merge with Communists, Victor Emmanuel III abdicated as King of Italy and is succeeded by don Umberto II – Italian referendum in favor of republic so Umberto II leaves country and de Gasperi becomes head of state, Klement Gottwals becomes Premier of Czechoslovakia, President Truman created Atomic Energy Commission, Peace Conference of 21 nations held in Paris, Verdict of Nuremberg Tribunal – Ribbentrop Goering and 10 other Nazis sentenced to death Hess and Funk life imprisonment and Schacht and Von Papen acquitted – Goering commits suicide before execution, Power in Japan transferred from the Emperor to an elected assembly, Dimitrov becomes premier of Bulgaria, UN Atomic Energy Commission approves US plan for control, Sarawak ceded to British Crown by the Rajah Sir Charles Brooke, John D Rockefeller Jr. donates $8.5 million to UN for site of permanent headquarters in NYC, Harlan Fiske Stone dies, death of US labor leader Sidney Hillman, death of US presidential advisor Harry Hopkins, WRITE: Maxwell Anderson, Simone de Beauvoir, Lillian Hellman, Dylan Thomas, Robert Penn Warren, Jean Cocteau, Arthur Miller, Eugene O’Neill, Terence Rattigan, Sartre, Hermann Hesse (Nobel Prize), Theodor Plievier, EM Remarque, Carl Zuckmayer, John Hersey, Sean O’Casey, Edmund Wilson, Benjamin Spock MD (Baby and Child Care), Etienne Mantoux, Aldous Huxley,Frank Yerby, DEATHS: Gerhart Hauptmann, Gertrude Stein, Damon Runyon, Booth Tarkington, Count Hermann Keyserling (GER) Pope Pius XII creates 32 new cardinals, Francis Xavier Cabrini canonized, ART: Graham Sutherland, Fernand Leger, Chagall, Saul Steinberg, DEATHS: Paul Nash, WC Fields, Joseph Stella, Alfred Stieglitz, Picasso founds pottery at Vallauris, Buckminster Fuller designs Dymaxion House, Films: “The Best Years of Our Lives” “Sie Morder sind unter Uns” “Paisa” “Gilda” “La Belle et la Bete” “Notorious” (Hitchcock), “Great Expectations” MUSIC: Benjamin Britten, Gian Carlo Menotti, Frederick Ashton, Balanchine, Boris Blacher, Irving Berlin (Annie Get Your Gun), Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe (Brigadoon) , Popular songs: “How are things in Gloccamorra” “Tenderly” “South America, Take It Away” “Dip-a-dee-doo-dah” “Come Rain or Come Shine” “The Gypsy” “Ole Buttermilk Sky” “Shoo-Fly Pie and Apple Pan Dowdy” “Doin’ What Comes Nacherly”, SCIENCE: Appleton discovers that sun spots emit radio waves, Isotope Carbon-13 discovered, Pilotless rocket missle constructed by Fairey Aviation Company, Electronic brain built at Pennsylvania U, Xerography process invented by Chester Carlson, death of British TV inventor John Logie Baird, South Pole expedition of R. E. Byrd, US Navy tests atomic bomb at Bikini, death of James J Walker, Nobel Prize: Hermann Joseph Muller for study of X-ray mutations, Chemisty Nobel Prize for work with enzymes, Physics for work with high-pressure by PW Bridgman, death of economist John Maynard Keynes, Women ensured the right to vote in Italy, New Bodleian Library in Oxford, British Arts Council founded, Joe Louis defends title for 23rd time, Shortest boxing fight in history at 10.5 seconds, London airport opened, death of US boxer Jack Johnson, death of A Alekhine the chess player, “Assault” wins triple crown, Salzburg Festival reopens, DEATHS: Granville Bantock (ENG), Manuel de Falla (ESP), Heinrich Kaminsky (GER), Paul Lincke (GER), (music) first network soap opera “Faraway Hill” debuts, artists: Nat King Cole, Johnny Mercer, Freddy Martin, Vaughn Monroe, Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five, Pres. G. A. Smith meets with former President Hoover, Truman sends congratulations to Utah on 50th anniversary, Christmas – Truman accidentally summons President G. S. Smith to the White House to wish him Merry Christmas 1947 Transistors invented, India independence, Japan democratic constitution made, Truman doctrine pledges aid for resisting Communism, foundation of Edinburgh Festival, Woodward OK tornado, Iceland eruption * Truman sends kudos to Saints on centennial, Apr- deadliest tornado in Oklahoma is an F5, AK quake 7.2, Tex – French freighter carrying Ammonium nitrate explodes causing chain reaction among docks and 500 died, Jackie Robinson signs with Brooklyn Dodgers, “Buffalo” Bob Smith premiers Howdy Doody, Howard Hunt flies “Spruce Goose”, Shockley Bardeen and Brattain invent the transistor, Willard Libby develops radiocarbon dating, Dead Sea Scrolls discovered, Kon Tiki sails from Peru to Polynesia, Charles Yeager surpasses speed of sound, Dizzy Gillespie debuts with Charlie Parker at Carnegie Hall, Edwin Land demonstrates Polaroid camera, Everson v. Board of Education deals with First Amendment separation clause, Cold War begins, Communists take control of Eastern Europe, Marshal Plan for European recovery announced, Chuck Yeager breaks sound barrier, first transistor, death of German physicist Max Planck, Christian Dior introduces his post-war fashions in Paris, death of English mathematician and philosopher Alfred North Whitehead, death of 1929 Nobel Prize for Medicine winner Frederick G Hopkins the English chemist, death of German physicist and 1905 Nobel Prize winner Philipp Lenard, death of Henry Ford the auto manufacturer, death of British statesman Stanley Baldwin, death of English journalist JL Garvin, British coal industry nationalized, General george Marshall develops EuropeanRecovery Program (Marshall Plan), Vincent Auriol elected President of France, US withdraws as mediator in China, British proposes to divide Palestine but is rejected by all – submitted to UN, Peace treaties signed in Paris, Ex- President Tiso of Slovakia executed, Burma proclaimed independent republic, India proclaimed independent and partitioned into India and Pakistan, Cominform established at Warsaw conference, Belgium Netherlands and Luxembourg ratify Benelux customs union, Princess Elizabeth heir to English throne marries Philip Mountbatten duke of Edinburgh, death of Stanley Baldwin, King Michael of Romania abdicated, US Congress passes Taft-Hartley Act over Truman’s veto restricting rights of labor unions, death of Florello H La Guardia, WRITE: Thomas Armstrong, Nigel Balchin, Albert Camus (The Plague), Julian Green, Jean Anouilh, William Douglas-Home, JB Priestley, Tennessee Williams (Streetcar Named Desire), HE Bates, John Gunther, Compton Mackenzie, Sinclair Lewis, Robert Lowell, Thomas Mann, Andre Gide, Michael Sadlier, Mickey Spillane, John Steinbeck, LS Amery, GDH Cole, McCallum and Readman, HW garrod, HR Trevor-Roper, EF Carritt, Guido Ruggiero, Michael Polanyi, Karl Jaspers, Theodor Heuss, DEATHS: Sidney Webb Lord Passfield, AN Whitehead (ENG), Nicholas Murray Butler, Max Dessoir, Willa Cather, James Agate, Hans Fallada (GER), Ricarda Huch (GER), “Diary of Anne Frank” published, Dead Sea Scrolls discovered in Wadi Qumran, ART: Maurice de Vlaminck, Henry Moore, Giacometti, Le Corbusier, Marino Marini, Kokoschka, Matisse, death of French painter Pierre Bonnard, Films: “Monsieur Verdoux” (Chaplin) “VIVERE in pace” “Black Narcissus” “Gentleman’s Agreement”, MUSIC: Benjamin Britten, Gottfried von Einem, Carl Orff, EY Harburg, Gian Carlo Menotti, John Powell, Pablo Casals vows not to play in public as long as Franco is in power, Walter Felsenstein becomes head of Komische Oper in Berlin, Maria callas makes her debut in opera, Deaths: Alfredo Casella (ITA), Bronislaw Hubermann (POL), Popular songsL “Papa Won’t You Dance With Me?” “Almost Like Being in Love” “I’ll Dance At Your Wedding”, SCIENCE: jBritish establish atomic pile as Harwell, Advisory Committee on Scientific Policy set up in Britain, PMS Blackett advances theory that all massive rotating bodies are magnetic, US airplane first flies at supersonic speeds, death of Italian race car designer Ettore Bugatti, death of Max Planck, Thor Heyerdahl sails Kontiki from Pero to Polynesia in 101 days, Bell labs invents the transistor, American aviator Odom flies around world, British racing driver John Cobb establishes ground record of 394.196 mph, death of Henry Ford leaving $625 million, ldeath of Henry Gordon Selfridge, flying saucers reported in NM, Most severe winter in Britain since 1894, B;ack market prices rise in Berlin, from Nippur excavations Francis Steele reconstructs laws of Hammurabi, “New Look” dominates female fashion, Jackie Robinson signs, Blizzard in NY leaves almost 28 inches, over one million veterans enroll in college under GI Bill of Rights, death of US gangster Al Capone, first televised world series, songs and artists: Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah, Bing Crosby, Arthur Godfrey, Count Basie, Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five, Truman sends kudos to Saints on centennial, Texas City chain reaction explosion kills 500 as nitrate ships, butane tanks, and Monsanto chemical plant explode in turn 1948 Flooding in Fuzhou, Afrikaner National Party wins power in S Africa, Arab- Israeli War, Marshal plan for post-war recovery through 1951, Mahatma Gandhi assassinated in New Delhi, Free medical treatment established in Britain, Vancouver BC flood * Truman recognizes state of Israel – partial fulfillment of Orson Hyde’s dedicatory prayer, Sep Truman visits Utah Mar - 31 inches of snow falls in Juneau in 24 hours, Two New Zealand volcanoes erupt simultaneously, LBJ elected to senate by fraud of 202 identical ballots, alphabetized… one by a man dead 44 years, Mestral invents Velcro, Kinsey publishes regarding sexual behavior in males, McCollum v. Board of Education deals with First Amendment separation clause, Burma achieves independence from Breat Britain, Mohandas K Gandhi assassinated, Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by 48 countries in UN General Assembly, Berlin Airlift, Israel established as a state, UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, death of Italian-German composer Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, death of Czech salesman Eduard Benes, death of Babe Ruth the baseball great, Gandhi assassinated, Communist coup in Czechoslovakia – Klement Gottwald elected President, Chiang Kai-shek reelected President of China by nanking Assembly, US Congress passes Marshall Plan giving 17 billion in aid for Europe, Churchill chairs Hague Congress foe European unity, Month-long coal strike in US – injunction prevents rail-strike – first escalator clause basing wage increases on cost-of-living index at GM, Jewish state with Weizmann President and Ben- Gurion Premier, USSR stops rail and and toad traffic between Berlin and West – airlift begins until 1949, British Citizenship Act grants British passports to all Commonwealth citizens, death of Eduard Benes (CZE), Queen Wilhelmina of Netherlands abdicates and daughter Juliana rules, Count Folkr Bernadotte the UN mediator in Palestine assassinated by Jewish terrorists, Harry S Truman elected, Attlee apponts Linskey tribunal to investigate charges of corruption against British ministers and officials, Ernst Reuter a social-Democrat elected Mayor of Berlin, death of US general John J Pershing, death of Czech statesman Jan Masaryk, death of US jurist Charles Evans Hughes, WRITE: Giovanni Guareschi, Harold Acton, WH Auden, Bernard de Voto, TS Eliot, Graham Greene, Aldous Huxley, Norman Mailer (The Naked and the Dead), James A Michener, Howard Spring, Terence Rattigan, Lawrence Durrell, Thornton Wilder, Alan Paton (Cry, the Beloved Country), Irwin Shaw, Nevil Shute, Evelyn Waugh, Tennessee Williams, Sartre, Jean Cocteau, Dwight D Eisenhower, Thomas Merton, Lloyd C Douglas, Churchill, Arthur Keith, LB Namier, Malraux, Martin Buber, WR Inge, Harold Laski, “The White House Papers of Harry L Hopkins” published, World Jewish Congress meets, World Council of Churches organized in Amsterdam, Deaths: Alfred Kerr (GER), Egon Erwin Kisch (GER-CZE), Emil Ludwig (GER), Nikolai Aleksandrivich Berdyaev (RUS), Charles A Beard (USA) 135 million paperback books sold during year, ART: Churchill made Honorary Academican Extraordinary, Ferdinand Leger, Ben Shahn, Jackson Pollock, Henry Moore, Lyonel Feininger, death of TT Heine (GER), death of DW Griffith (USA director), Arshile Gorky, Films: “Hamlet” (Olivier), “The Red Shoes” “Oliver Twist” “The Fallen Idol” “Bitter Rice” “The Naked City” “the Bicycle Thief” “Louisiana Story” “Macbeth” (Orson Welles), “The Young Guard, MUSIC: Olivier Messiaen,Howard Hanson, , Bohuslav Martinu, Britten, Arnold Schonberg, Werner Egk, Richard Strauss, Cole Porter (Kiss Me Kate), deathsL Franz Lehar, Richard Tauber, Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, Umberto Giordano (ITA), Popular songsL “Nature Boy” “All I Want for Christmas in My Two Front Teeth” “Buttons and Bows”, SCIENCE: Lajos Janossy writes about cosmic rays, aureonycon and chloromycetin prepared, long-playing record developed, death of Orville Wright, Charlotte Auerbach studies science of chemogenetics, uranium price rises to 1600 per ton, Ferdinand Porsche builds “Porsche 356” starting empire, First port radar system introduced in Liverpool, US tests rocket missiles in NM – height of 78 miles, Mt. Palomar telescope dedicated, Idlewild Airport on Long Island dedicated (renamed Kennedy in 1963), death of Ruth Benedict US anthropologist, Alfred C Kinsey publishes controversial work on sexual behavior in the human male, British railroads nationalized, First World Health Assembly meets in Geneva, end of British bread rationing, British Electricity Authority established, death of Babe Ruth, London Olympiad – Fanny BlankersKoen wins four golds for Netherlands, Joe Louis retires, Federal Rent Control bill passes, Selective Service Act in US provides for military draft, “Citation” wins Triple Crown with four-time winner jockey Eddie Arcaro, artists: Art Mooney, Freddy Martin, Dinah Shore, Qynonie Harris, Les Brown, Both Edu Sullivan and Milton Berle appear on television, Truman recognizes state of Israel – partial fulfillment of Orson Hyde’s dedicatory prayer, Sep Truman visits Utah 1949 Khait landslide, Mao Zedong proclaims People’s Republic of China, NATO formed, Republic of Ireland formally declared and Ireland leaves Commonwealth, Earthquake in Ecuador, Landslide in India, Louis Armstrong returns to Mardi Gras as king of New Orleans Zulu krewe * Former President Hoover confers with President George Albert Smith regarding government waste, Truman praises Brigham Young and SLC in American Society of Engineers for foresight, President G.A. Smith and Elder Benson send Truman Book of Mormon and other LDS literature, start of relationships between Gerald R. Ford and Mormons – especially Ford’s skiing partner James E. Brown an FBI agent, Jan - Neb storm causes 20 foot drifts, Jun 2 - Tornado creates circle around Alfalfa, OK, "South Pacific" debuts on Broadway, earthquakes in WA Vancouver Turkey and Turkmenistan – last killing 110 k, Miles Davis releases “Birth of the Cool”, boxer Joe Lewis retires, X-ray astronomy begins, Mexican artist José Orozco dies, NATO formed, Maoist Revolution establishes Republic of China, Miller's "Death of a Salesman" and Simone de Beavoir's "The Second Sex", death of French- Belgian poet and winner of 1911 Nobel Prize Maurice Maeterlinck, death of German composer Richard Strauss, death of German musician and director Hans Pfitzner, death of Norwegian novelist Sigrid Undset, Dean Acheston appointed US Secretary of State, President Harry S Truman inaugurated, Tientsin falls to Communists – Chiang Kai-shek resigns – Communist army resumes offensive against Nationalist troops, Chiang Kai-shek removes forces to Formosa – Communist China proclaimed under Mao Tse-tung with Chou En-lai as premier, Vishinsky replaces Molotov as USSR Foreign Minister, North Atlantic Treaty sogned in Washington, Republic of Eire proclaimed in Dublin – Britain recognizes Eire’s independence, US Foreign Assistance Bill grants another 5.43 billion to Europe, Statute of Council of Europe established with Strasbourg as headquarters, Israel admitted to UN – capital moved from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, Berlin blockade lifted, German Federal Republic comes into being with Bonn as capital, Transjordan renamed Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Vietnam state established at Saigon, US completes withdrawal of occupying forces in S Korea, Apartheid program established in South Africa, UN warns of danger of civil war in Korea, theodor Heuss elected President with Konrad Adenauer Chancellor of West Germany – participant in Marshall Plann, Britain devalues the pound sterling fromo over $4 to about $2.80, Berlin airlift ends after 277,264 flights, Democratic Republic established in East Germany with Pieck as president, Eleven US Communists convicted of trying to overthrow government, India adopts constitution as federal republic, Holland transfers sovereignty to Indonesia and France to Vietnam, Pandit Nehru becomes Prime Minister of Indi, President Truman appoints Tom C Clark and Sherman Minto to Supreme Court, WRITE:Nelson Algren, HE Bates, Joyce Cary, James Gould Cozzens, Nancy Mitford, Charles Morgan, George Orwell (Nineteen Eighty-Four), TS Eliot, Arthur Miller (Death of a Salesman), John O’Hara, Tom Lea, William Faulkner, Fulton Oursler, Norman Vincent Peale, Colette, Nelly Sachs, Robert E Sherwood, Edith Sitwell, Carson McCullers, Edward Streeter, JP Marquand, Eleanor Roosevelt, JD Bernal, Roy Lewis and Angus Maude, Erich Fromm, Paul Tillich, Albert Schweitzer, Brecht forms Berliner Ensemble, Hungarian cardinal Mindszenty sentenced to life imprisonment for high treason, The “Great Palindrome” solved, Deaths: Thommy Handley (ENG), Axel Munthe, Maurice Maeterlinck, Sigrid Undset (NOR), Rabbi Stephen S Wise, Lomonosov U in Moscow built, ART: Graham Sutherland, Kenneth Clark, Jacob Epstein, Chagall, Deaths: James Ensor (BEL), Walter Kuhn, Jose Orozco, Kokoschka Expo at NY MOMA, Films: “The Third Man” “La Macchina Ammazzacattivi” “Manon” “The Winslow Boy” “All The King’s Men” “Les Enfants terribles”, MUSIC: Arthur Bliss (The Olympians) Britten, Carl Orff, Theodor W Adorno, Kurt Weill, Rodgers and Hammerstein (South Pacific), Leonard Bernstein, Peter Racine Fricker, George Antheil, Bela Bartok, Paul Hindemith, Darius Milhaud, Deaths: Richard Strauss, Hans Pfitzner, The samba comes into fashion, Popular songsL “Bali Ha’I” “Some Enchanted Evening” “I’m in Love With a Wonderful Guy” “So in Love” “Riders in the Sky” “I Love Those Dear Hearts and Gentle People” “Diamonds are a Girl’s Best Friend” “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer”, SCIENCE: Philip Hench discovers cortisone, Neomycin isolated by Waksman, USSR tests its first atomic bomb, death of German chemist and industrialist Friedrich bergius, RWG Wyckoff writes about electronic microscopy, WF Giague wins prize for chemical thermodynamics, US Air Force crosses US in 3 hours 46 minutes, US launches guided missile 250 miles, death of US psychologist Edward L Thorndike, British Gas Industry nationalized, Charlemagne Prize for European understanding established, Geoffrey de Havilland “Comet” airplane created, Clothes rationing ends in Britain, First Emmy Awards, Cable tv started for weak signal areas, Milton Berle hosts first telethon benefiting cancer research, “These Are My Children” daytime drama premiers, “Pantomime Quiz” most popular show, Top Television: “The Texaco Star Theater” “Toast of the Town” (Ed Sullivan), “Arthur godfrey’s Talent Scouts” “Fireball Fun for All” “Philco Television Playhouse” artists: Vaughn Monroe, Freddy Martin, Perry Como, Freddy martin, Charles Brown Trio, Former President Hoover confers with President George Albert Smith regarding government waste, Truman praises Brigham Young and SLC in American Society of Engineers for foresight, President G.A. Smith and Elder Benson send Truman Book of Mormon and other LDS literature, start of relationships between Gerald R. Ford and Mormons – especially Ford’s skiing partner James E. Brown an FBI agent, John Haigh the “Acid Bath Murderer” executed – (note that gall stones don’t dissolve in sulfuric acid

Load more

  94

Copy Link