Unit by Unit Review

Review Unit by Unit Review

For each of the following units complete the chart that follows.

1. Identify the major change over time during each time period. Express this change over time in a clear, concise thesis statement. Thesis statements should always take a position and include categories (in this case at least three).

2. For each of your categories, write a clear, concise sentence that expresses the major change over time for that category AND directly supports your thesis statement (topic sentence).

3. List ten bits of important specific factual information (in descending order of importance) under each category that could be used to support both your topic sentence and your thesis statement. For five bits of specific factual information in each category, write out interpretative commentary that both identifies the term and shows how and why the information supports your thesis in a single sentence. 1607-1763

Major change over time

Sub theme 1

Specific factual information

5. 10.

Interpretative commentary.

Sub theme 2

1. 6. 2. 7.

5. 10.

Sub theme 3

5. 10.

1763-1789

Sub theme 1

1. 6. 2. 7.

5. 10.

Sub theme 2

5. 10.

Sub theme 3

Specific factual information 1. 6.

5. 10.

5. 1789-1820 (1823)

Sub theme 1

5. 10.

Sub theme 2

5. 10.

5. Sub theme 3

5. 10.

1824-1850 (Exclusive of slavery)

Sub theme 1

5. 10.

5. Sub theme 2

5. 10.

Sub theme 3

5. 10.

5. 1830-1877

Sub theme 1

5. 10.

Sub theme 2

5. 10.

5. Sub theme 3

5. 10.

1870-1900

Sub theme 1

5. 10.

5. Sub theme 2

5. 10.

Sub theme 3

5. 10.

5. 1900-1920

Sub theme 1

5. 10.

Sub theme 2

5. 10.

5. Sub theme 3

5. 10.

1920-1941

Sub theme 1

5. 10.

5. Sub theme 2

5. 10.

Sub theme 3

5. 10.

5. 1940-1960

Sub theme 1

5. 10.

Sub theme 2

5. 10.

5. Sub theme 3

5. 10.

1960-Present

Sub theme 1

5. 10.

5. Sub theme 2

5. 10.

Sub theme 3

5. 10.

5. Generating Topical Generalizations

In ONE clear, concise sentence, directly state the major change over time for each of the following topics within the stated decade. Then, list five to eight bits of specific factual information from that decade that support your change over time.

DECADE: ______

Political History:

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

Social History:

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

Economics:

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

Cultural/Intellectual trends:

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

Science and Technology:

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 Decade by Decade with SFI

In ONE clear, concise sentence, directly state the major change over time for each of the following decades. Then, list five bits of specific factual information from that decade that support your change over time, in descending order of importance. For ONE piece of information from EACH group, write a clear direct statement (interpretive commentary) that shows HOW or WHY that specific factual information proves your change over time.

1600-1650 Change over time

1. 2. 3.

Interpretive commentary

1650-1700 Change over time

1. 2. 3.

Interpretive commentary 1700-1750 Change over time

1. 2. 3.

1750s Change over time

1. 2. 3.

Interpretive commentary 1760s Change over time

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. Interpretive commentary

1. 2. 3.

Interpretive commentary Decade Association Place the correct decade, or group of years, beside each group of specific factual information. Remember, some items can fit into more than one decade so be sure to read through and consider the entire group. Don’t simply go through the exercise mindlessly. Think about . what each item is . how it relates to that particular decade . what other terms could be associated with it

Each member of your group must know every term in the cluster for your group to receive credit for that item, even if the decade is correct.

Use the following groups of years in place of decades for the colonial period

1600-1650 1650-1700 1700-1750s  After the 1750s use normal decades Decade Association

____ ("long hot summers”, Freedom Summer, Greensboro sit-ins, U-2 incident, détente)

____ ("lost generation", Warren G. Harding, Henry Ford, Sacco and Vanzetti, Marcus Garvey)

____ (Agricultural Adjustment Adm. (AAA), phony war, Congress of Industrial Organization, brain trust, Huey

Long (Kingfish))

____ (Alger Hiss, NSC 68, NATO, Casablanca Conference, Henry Wallace)

____ (American Colonization Society, Missouri Compromise, Era of Good Feelings, Tariff of Abominations,

South Carolina Exposition)

____ (American Federation of Labor, Dawes Act, Alfred Thayer Mahan, horizontal integration/vertical

integration,Haymarket Square Incident)

____ (baby boomers, Sputnik, beat generation, Brown v Board of Education, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg)

____ (bank holiday, National Recovery Administration, destroyer deal, Scottsboro boys, Wagner Act)

____ (Bank of the United States, Virginia-Kentucky Resolutions, XYZ Affair, Whiskey Rebellion, Jay Treaty)

____ (Bank war, spoils system/rotation in office, Second Great Awakening, Transcendentalism, gag rule)

____ (Battle of Saratoga, Thomas Paine/Common Sense, Coercive/Intolerable Acts, Olive Branch Petition,

Boston Tea Party)

____ (Bay of Pigs, Malcolm X, War on Poverty, Warren Commission, Ralph Nader (Unsafe at any Speed))

____ (Bland-Allison Act, Thomas Nast, Henry George (Progress and Poverty), Munn v Illinois, "Crime of

____ (Dingley Tariff, Coxey's Army, Frederick Olmstead, Teller Amendment, Wounded Knee) ____ (Chataugua movement, Freedmen's Bureau, Battle of Little Bighorn, "waving the bloody shirt", Boss

Tweed)

____ (Committee on Public Information, League of Nations, Federal Reserve System, International Workers

of the World, 16th, 17th, 18th Amendments)

____ (Connecticut (Great) Compromise, Virginia/New Jersey Plans, disestablishment, Barbary Pirates,

Treaty of Paris)

____ (Creel Committee, Henry Cabot Lodge, "Birth of a Nation"/D.W. Griffith, Article X, Wobblies)

____ (cult of domesticity/true womanhood, Manifest Destiny, James K. Polk, Neal Dow, Lucretia Mott)

____ (Dred Scott v Sandford, Fugitive Slave Law, Gadsden Purchase, bleeding Kansas, Sumner-Brooks

Affair)

____ (Emancipation Proclamation, Trent Affair, Homestead Act, Battle of Antietam, Crittenden Compromise)

____ (F. Scott Fitzgerald, cultural isolation, quota system, Harlem Renaissance, Washington Naval

Conference)

____ (Fair Deal, Japanese interment, Truman Doctrine, Yalta Conference, Taft-Hartley Act)

____ (Fair Labor Standards Act , New Deal, Bonus March, 21st amendment, dole)

____ (Federal Highway Act, Montgomery bus boycott, Eisenhower Doctrine, Korean War, Alan Ginsberg

(The Howl))

____ (Freeport Doctrine, Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, Lincoln-Douglas debates, Uncle Tom's Cabin, Nashville

Convention)

____ (French and Indian War, Albany Plan, mercantilism, Salutary neglect, William Pitt)

____ (Georgia O'Keeffe, Edward Hopper, normalcy, "Back to Africa movement", Albert Fall)

____ (Hinton Helper/Impending Crisis, Stephen Douglas, popular sovereignty, Ostend Manifesto,

Lecompton Constitution)

____ (hundred days, America First Committee, Elijah Mohammad (Black Muslims), Keynesian economics,

National Labor Relations Act)

____ (Insular Cases, "good and bad" trusts, Charles and Mary Beard, Great White Fleet, Square Deal)

____ (Jackie Robinson, GI Bill of Rights, Berlin Airlift, Marshall Plan, San Francisco Conference)

____ (Jacob Riis, Northern Securities Case, Samuel "Golden Rule" Jones, Muller v Oregon, Robert

LaFollette)

____ (Jimmy Carter, Watergate, Roe v Wade, affirmative action, Gerald Ford) ____ (John C. Calhoun, abolitionists, Charles River Bridge case, DeTocqueville/Democracy in America,

removal of deposits)

____ (Kellogg-Briand Pact, Herbert Hoover, H.L. Menken, Charles Lindbergh, Scopes trial)

____ (Know Nothing/American Party, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Republican party/3rd Am. Party Sys,,

antebellum,Underground Railroad)

____ (Langston Hughes, Andrew Mellon, National Origins Act, Ku Klux Klan, Calvin Coolidge)

____ (Lewis and Clark, Orders in Council, yeomen farmers, Gabriel Prosser's Rebellion, Judicial Review)

____ (Little Rock school crisis, National Defense Education Act, dynamic conservatism, Jack Kerouac (On

the Road),

____ (loose/strict constructionism, cotton gin/Eli Whitney, Citizen Genet, Bill of rights, Alien and Sedition

____ (Marbury v Madison, Embargo Act, Louisiana Purchase, impressment, interchangeable parts)

____ (Margaret Sanger, Thomas Hart Benton, Teapot Dome/Elk Hills Scandals, Universal Negro

Improvement Assc.,"Spirit of St. Louis)

____(Miranda v Arizona, John F. Kennedy (New Frontier), Huey Newton (Black Panthers), Michael

Harrington (The Other America, Cuban Missile Crisis)

____ (Molly McGuires, "forty acres and a mule", National Labor Union, crop lien system, Granger Laws)

____ (Monroe Doctrine, corrupt bargain, Erie Canal, Lowell/Walthan System/Lowell girls, Gibbons v Ogden)

____ (Morrill Land Grant Act, National Banking Act, nature of the union, 13th, 14th, 15th amendments,

radical reconstruction)

____ (National Industrial Recovery Act, Federal Deposit Insurance Corp (FDIC), TVA (Tennessee Valley

Authority),

Franklin Roosevelt, bonus march)

____ (new immigrants, Plessy v Ferguson, Joseph Pulitzer, Populist (People's) Party, Turner (Frontier)

Thesis)

____ (New Nationalism, Mann-Elkins Act, "Black Jack" John Pershing, insurgent's revolt, New Freedom)

____ (open range, Interstate Commerce Act, Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Mugwumps)

____ (Oregon Territory, John Slidell, Commonwealth v Hunt, Horace Mann, Webster-Ashburton Treaty)

____ (Palmer Raids, Schenck v U.S., Clayton Anti-trust Act, Keating-Owen Child Labor Act, preparedness)

____ (Panama Canal, W.E.B. DuBois (Niagara movement), Dollar Diplomacy, Open Door Policy, Roosevelt

Corollary) ____ (Peace Corps, Betty Friedan (The Feminine Mystique), Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, Stokely Carmichael

(Black Power), Great Society)

____ (Pendleton (Civil Service) Act, Samuel Gompers, Gilded Age, Farmer's Alliances, Chinese Exclusion

____ (Peter Zenger trial, Great Awakening, James Oglethorpe, George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards)

____ (Pilgrims/Separatists, Anne Hutchinson, headright system, Freedom of conscience, city on a hill)

____ (Platt amendment, Louis Sullivan, Progressive movement, Russo-Japanese War, Hay-Buneau-Varilla

Treaty)

____ (pragmatism (William James), Salvation Army, John Dewey, Young Men's Christian Association,

Edward Bellamy (Looking Backward)

____ (Prigg v Pennsylvania, Mexican American War, Mormons, free soilers, American Anti-slavery Society)

____ (Quartering Act, Stamp Act, Paxton Boys, Sugar Act, no taxation without representation)

____ (SALT I Treaty, hippies, Camp David Accords, Mayaguez incident, Bakke v Board of Regents)

____ (Samuel Slater, Federalist/First American Party System, Pinckney Treaty, undeclared naval war, full

funding/assumption)

____ (Securities and Exchange Commission, Neutrality acts, court packing scheme, "share the wealth",

Indian Reorganization Act)

____ (Seneca Falls Convention, Maine Laws, Irish immigration, Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, Wilmot

Proviso)

____ (Servicemen's Readjustment Act, Ralph Bunche, George Kennan, United Nations, Korematsu v U.S.)

____ (settlement house movement, William Jennings Bryan, Atlanta Compromise, jingoism, Sherman Silver

Purchase Act)

____ (Shay's Rebellion, Northwest Ordinance, Three-fifths Compromise, Articles of Confederation,

Annapolis Convention)

____ (Social Gospel, Knights of Labor, Jim Crow Laws, A Century of Dishonor, social Darwinism)

____ (Spanish-American War, Booker T. Washington, Gospel of Wealth, yellow journalism, Sherman Anti-

trust Act)

____ (spheres of influence, Big Stick Policy, Lochner v New York, Gentlemen's Agreement, muckrakers)

____ (Stamp Act Congress, Sons of Liberty, non-importation agreements, Pontiac's Rebellion, Townshend

____ (supply-side economics, Iran-Contra, Geraldine Ferraro, Oliver North, “evil empire”) ____ (Tea Act, Boston Massacre, Gaspee Affair, First/Second Continental Congress, Crisis Papers)

____ (the Grange, Crédit Moblier Scandal, long drives, Horatio Alger, Chief Joseph)

____ (Theodore Roosevelt, Upton Sinclair (The Jungle), Emilio Aguinaldo, Pure Food and Drug Act,

Anthracite Coal Strike)

____ (Trade and Navigation Acts, Bacon's Rebellion, King Philip's War, Salutary neglect, Halfway Covenant)

____ (Trail of Tears, Dorothea Dix, nullification, William Lloyd Garrison/Liberator, Worcester v Georgia)

____ (Treaty of Ghent, Hartford Convention, Adams-Onis Treaty, War Hawks, American System)

____ (Treaty of Versailles, Federal Trade Commission, irreconcilables, Keating-Owen Child Labor Act,

Ballinger-Pinchot Affair)

____ (triple wall of privilege, Sussex/Arabic Pledges, Food Administration, Zimmerman Note (Telegram)

____ (Underwood-Simmons Tariff, Bull Moose Party, Federal Reserve Act, “he kept us out of war”, Triangle

Shirtwaist fire)

____ (Volstead Act, Woodrow Wilson, reservationists, Fourteen Points, insurgents revolt)

____ (Voting Rights Act, Barry Goldwater, Rachel Carson (Silent Spring), Cuban Missile Crisis,

Vietnamization (Guam/Nixon Doctrine)

____ (War Powers Act, Equal Rights Amendment, OPEC, Helsinki Accords, Kent State)

____ (Whigs/2nd American Party Sys., Apologist's view of slavery, Force Act, Independent Treasury, Specie

Circular)

____ (William Randolph Hearst, Pullman Strike, J.P. Morgan, Cross of Gold speech, Plessy v Ferguson)

____(Works Progress Administration (WPA), cash and carry, sit-down strike, John Steinbeck (Grapes of

Wrath), Social Security)

____(indentured servants, Mayflower Compact, Roger Williams, Great Puritan Migration, House of

Burgesses)

____(Seward's Folly, sharecropping, Tenure of Office Act, redemption (redeemers), scalawags) N0te Taking guide/outline for WOMEN’S HISTORY

I. Women in Colonial Society a. Reasons for coming to North America: Virginia vs. New England b. Describe the life of a typical woman in British North America (BNA): Virginia vs. New England c. What was the legal status of women in BNA? How did it compare to women in Great Britain? d. Describe the working role of women e. Describe women and childbirth (number of children, expectations) f. Describe the impact women had on colonial society ⇒list women mentioned in your text book and in HOWIA

II. Women during the American Revolution a. Describe the contribution of women during the Revolution: economic and political contributions b. List and identify women who made contributions to the Revolution cause

III. Women’s roles in the 19th-century a. Describe and assess the changing role of women between the 1700s and 1800s b. Why did the status of women change, particularly toward the middle of the 19th-century c. How did early industrialization alter the role of women? 1. Identify the Lowell Girl 2. Describe the role of the immigrant woman in the early 19th-century d. Assess the differences between the social classes: 1. wealthy 2. middle class 3. poverty 4. frontier women 5. slave women e. Identify the cult of domesticity f. Identify women reformers and assess their role in various reform movements (1830s-1840s) g. Describe the role of women during the Civil War – identify significant women from the War era h. How did the role of women change as a result of the Civil War and impending development of industrialization? 1. Why did women have to work outside of the home? 2. What types of jobs were given to women? How were they treated differently than men? i. describe the women’s movement of the late 19th-century – identify key leaders and organizations in the women’s movement

IV. Women in the 20th-century a. Identify women and their roles in the Progressive Era b. Describe the women’s suffrage movement – identify key leaders c. What was the role of women during the Great War (WWI)? d. Roles of women in the 1920s 1. changing values/roles: Victorian Age to Flappers 2. changes in the work place e. Roles of women in the 1930s (Great Depression) – how were women’s lives changed? f. Roles of women in the 1940s (during World War II) 1. changes influenced by the war effort 2. women in the war 3. women in the factory g. Roles of women in the 1950s 1. family life in the 1950s (traditional roles – accuracy?) 2. Civil Rights movement – role of white and black women h. Roles of women in the 1960s & 1970s 1. protest – The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan 2. NOW and ERA 3. abortion issue Roe v. Wade Note Taking Guide for BLACK AMERICAN HISTORY

I. Africans in Colonial Era a. first arrival at Jamestown b. Middle Passage c. transition from indentured servitude to slavery d. Southern colonies e. Middle colonies f. New England colonies

II. Blacks in the American Revolution a. Slavery during the American Revolution b. British policy towards American slaves c. American policy towards slavery (North vs. South colonies) d. Slaves after the American Revolution – change in status (North vs. South)

III. Blacks addressed in the Constitution a. Three-fifths Compromise b. Importation of slaves (ending of practice) c. Fugitive slaves

IV. Blacks in the ante bellum years a. slavery and the development of industrialization (cotton gin) b. Free Blacks (North and South) c. End of slave trade in 1808 d. Slave codes, plantation life, slave social hierarchy – The Peculiar Institution e. Manumission movement f. “Back to Africa Movement” – American Colonization Society and Liberia g. Abolitionism (people, organization, and events) & the Underground Railroad h. Slavery and American expansion 1. Missouri Compromise (1820) 2. Wilmot Proviso (1846) 3. Compromise of 1850 4. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) 5. “Bleeding Kansas” (1854-1861) 6. Dred Scott Case (1857)

V. Blacks during the Civil War & Reconstruction a. Blacks during the War (military action) b. The South immediately after the War – Black Codes c. Post war results: the Reconstruction Acts d. Freedmen and the Constitution e. The Freedmen’s Bureau

VI. Post Reconstruction Years a. the Compromise of 1877 b. “Jim Crow” Laws c. the First Great Migration d. Exodusters e. Debate within the Black Community: Booker T. Washington (Atlanta Compromise) vs. W.E.B. DuBois (Niagara Movment)

VII. Changing Role of Black Americans in the 20th-century a. Blacks in the Progressive Movement b. Blacks and the Great War (World War I) c. Post-war disillusion 1. Second Great Migration 2. racism and violence 3. re-emergence of the Ku Klux Klan 4. lynching d. Harlem Renaissance e. Black Americans and the Great Depression 1. switch in political alignment 2. “Black Cabinet” 3. Black relief under the New Deal f. Black Americans in World War II g. Third Great Migration h. Civil Rights movement 1. 1940s: integrated military bases and work places 2. 1950s: integrated military units, Brown v. Board of Education, et al and the Montgomery Bus Boycott 3. 1960s: legislation, Martin Luther King, Jr., rise of Black militants, riots 4. 1970s 5. 1980s Note taking Guide for IMMIGRATION

Note reasons for immigration: “PUSH” Factors (Why did the people leave their native country?) “PULL” Factors (Why did the people come to British North America/ the United States?) Topics for factors: Economic, Political, Social

Time periods of immigration: Early Colonial Era (1607-c.1700) Later Colonial Era (c.1700-1776) Federalist Period (1776-1800) Early 19th-century (1800-1840) 1840s-1850s Post Civil War (1865-1890) Turn of the 20th- century (1890-1914) Post Great War (1914-1939) Post World War II (1945-1960) Modern Times (1960-2006)

Know major national groups that arrived in different time periods and where they settled (especially from the Colonial Era through the turn of the 20th-century.

American reaction to immigrants:

Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) Nativism: American Party/Know-Nothings American Protective Association Chinese Exclusion Act (and background) Gentlemen’s Agreement Literacy Test Act First Immigration Quota Law (1921) / National Origins Act Second Immigration Quota Law (1924) / Emergency Quota Act

Note taking guide on NATIVE AMERICAN HISTORY

I. Pre-Columbian Indians A. Origins B. Destination C. Settlements 1. South America (Incas) 2. Central America (Mayans, Aztecs) 3. North America (northeast, northwest, south, southwest, Inuit)

II. THE Encounter – The Columbian Exchange A. Christopher Columbus B. The Conquistadores C. The Exchange: Western Hemisphere Natives, Europeans, Africans 1. precious metals (gold and silver) 2. food 3. disease 4. slavery

III. Europeans in North America A. Spanish and Native Americans of the Southwest 1. architecture 2. religion 3. social relationships B. French in Canada and the Mississippi Valley 1. cultural exchange 2. economic relationship C. British on the east coast of North America 1. Social and economic relationship in the Southern colonies 2. Social and economic relationship in the Middle colonies 3. Social and economic relationship in the New England colonies

IV. Colonial Period A. Pequot Wars B. King Philip’s War C. French and Indian War D. Revolutionary War E. War of 1812 F. Key Individuals 1. Powhatan 2. Pocahontas 3. King Philip 4. George Rogers Clark 5. “Mad” Anthony Wayne – Fallen Timbers, Treaty of Greenville 6. Sacagawea 7. The Prophet

V. Indian Policy under Andrew Jackson A. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia; Worcester v. Georgia B. Indian Removal Act C. Trail of Tears D. Black Hawk E. Osceola

VI. Post Civil War Policy - Plains Indians A. Reservation Policy B. Dawes Severalty Act – 1887 C. Horses and buffalo D. Battle of Wounded Knee

VII. Native Americans in the 20th-Century A. The Great War B. Snyder Act – 1924 C. Wheeler-Howard Act – 1934 D. Role in World War II (wind talkers) E. Protest in the 1960s and 1970s: American Indian Movement Note Taking Guide on LABOR HISTORY

I. Labor A. First settlement: compare/contrast Middle Colonies and New England B. Indentured Servitude – Headright System C. Slave Labor D. Factories – Samuel Slater E. Lowell Girls F. Guilds/craft unions G. Commonwealth v. Hunt – Massachusetts H. Labor Unions 1. National Labor Union 2. Knights of Labor 3. American Federation of Labor 4. Industrial Workers of the World (Wobblies) 5. Congress of Industrial Organization 6. AFL – CIO

II. Labor Laws A. Clayton Act B. Wagner Act C. Taft-Hartley Act D. Minimum Wage laws E. Unemployment Insurance

III. Labor Unrest A. Haymarket Square B. Homestead Strike C. Pullman Strike D. Anthracite Coal Strike E. Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire F. Bonus Army March

IV. Labor Leaders A. Terence V. Powderly B. Samuel Gompers C. William “Big Bill” Haywood D. John L. Lewis E. George Meany F. Cesar Chavez COLONIAL ERA

The English Beginnings in North America—1606 to 1650

1. Read carefully the following assessments of pre-colonial English Settlement. Identify which statement is false? A) The concept of liberty and free agency was born in the Renaissance as a matter of artistic creation and literary agency to express one’s ideas freely B) The concept of liberty, agency, and religious freedom were born during the Reformation C) The ideas of civil liberty, religious freedom, and individual choice came into adulthood during the Enlightenment D) The nineteenth century provided the right to leave and establish rights, liberties, and freedom according to the will of the individual. E) The 20th century has not had to defend or protect the fundamental rights of colonial liberty and agency

2. English dissenters were voluntarily allowed to exit the British Empire in order to worship God according to the dictates of their consciences. Which of the following groups does the generalization not prove correct? A) Quakers B) Africans C) Separatists D) Anglicans E) Puritans

3. Religion was a powerful motivating force in the settlement of the United States. Which of the major European faiths were the most dynamic, the widest in terms of settlement, and the one which came the earliest and remained the longest a major political and religious force in American political, moral, and civil liberty? A) Anglicans B) Lutherans C) Calvinists D) Catholics E) Anabaptists

4. Leadership is the key element in the success of religions in becoming colonizers. Which of the following paired leaders and religions is INCORRECTLY identified below? A) Massachusetts Bay Puritans // John Winthrop B) English Roman Catholics // Lord Cecil Calvert C) Pennsylvania Dutch // William Penn D) Connecticut Congregationalists // Thomas Hooker E) Virginia Anglicans // James Blair

5. Which of the following institutions used by Spain t colonize the New World? A) Establishing crown princes in the new world B) Successfully achieving the loyalty of Native American leaders C) Altering the economy of the New World to one of socialism D) Using missions, presidios, and pueblos to govern in the New World E) Using the principles of feudalism to control and dominate the Native Americans The Colonial Era 1500-1736

DIRECTIONS: Read each question carefully, fully and analytically. Then choose ONE response to mark as your answer.

1. The primary reason for the early struggles that confronted the Jamestown colony was the A. tyrannical rule of John Smith B. hostility of nearby Indians C. fact that colonizers were ill-equipped for survival D. nomadic tribes had virtually wiped out the supply of fame in the area. E. inter-tribal warfare going on like in Mexico

2. The Iroquois were Indians that A. generally allied themselves with Britain against the French B. they were members of the Algonquin family of Indians C. they were nomadic Indians of the high plains D. they were peaceful agricultural partners of the Cherokees E. they were vicious head hunters of woodlands

3. Family life in the early Chesapeake Bay area differed from family life in England in that the colonies... A. women were freed from all male control and domination B. families were more closely knit and remained together longer C. husbands and fathers had greater control over their wives and children D. children assumed more independence at an earlier age E. the impact of social norms was greater

4. Within a half century of their exodus from Europe, the Spanish had opened the New World and had, as a result of the national policy, A. virtually exterminated the Indians B. were being serious challenged for the New World dominance by the English C. had created the richest and most extensive European empire since the days of Rome. D. were being seriously challenged for New World dominance by the French E. rapidly pushing through western North America on their way to Alaska

5. The joint-stock company A. was not required to seek royal permission to colonize in the New World B. held forth promise of immense wealth to investors C. proved inadequate as a vehicle for properly financing colonization ventures D. required investors to commit large amounts of capital. E. was a development of Swiss bankers trying aid the British economy

6. Women in the Chesapeake Bay were A. much better off than English counterparts B. were all married at extreme young ages because of high sex ratios C. used the high sex ration as a means to prevent premarital sexual relations D. usually married while they were still indenture servants E. not, despite a high sex ratio, usually any better off than their English patriot sisters.

7. Europeans who migrated to the Chesapeake as indentured servants were normally A. older married men with families B. males from 18 to 24 who were single C. English farmers hoping to find a better future in the colonies D. the dregs of English society 8. Which European power was successful in the settling of New York A. Spain B. Italy C. France D. England E. Holland

9. Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of Virginia and Maryland? A. Both were dependent upon tobacco B. Both utilized the headlight system C. Both relied heavily on indentured servants D. Both extended legal freedom of religion to all Christians E. Both economically affect by the Atlantic sea trade

10. Freeman status was granted to adult males who A. were church members B. were no longer indentured servants C. owned land D. agreed to abide by the legal code of the colony E. Blacks that were release from their slavery contract under the law of manumission

11. John Winthrop’s ideal Puritan commonwealth was called “A City Upon A Hill” that claimed that A. the separation of Church and State was necessary for survival B. religious freedom for all citizens and residence would be practiced C. the good of the whole would be placed above one’s private concerns D. religious tolerance would be extended to all Christians but not to others E. Jews could worship according to the dictates of their consciences

12. Anne Hutchinson was formally charged with having A. violated traditional Puritan sex codes of conduct B. libeled the colony’s ministers C. emphasized the covenant of grace D. presumed to have the right to discuss the sermons of John Cotton E. claimed to have received divine revelation directly from God

13. New England Puritans are known for their introduction of written contractual government by all of the following EXCEPT: A. The Mayflower Compact B. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut C. The Rhode Island Charter D. The Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges E. Development of town charters for the town councils and the citizens.

14. Among the most ardent and zealous promoters of English colonization was A. John Rolfe B. John White C. John Smith D. Richard Hakluyt E. Martin Frobisher

15. All of the following fundamental ideas were preached by Martin Luther during the Reformation EXCEPT: A. the infallibility of the Pope B. the popular right to rebel against unjust authority C. the priesthood of all believers D. the justification by faith alone E. the evil of the sale of indulgences for the forgiveness of sin 16. A major turning point for women in the history of the western world occurred when which of the following English Monarchs took over the empire. A. Queen Victoria B. Queen Elizabeth II C. Queen Elisabeth I D. Mary Queen of Scots E. Catherine of Aragon became the Queen

17. Which of the following institutions were not used in the settlement and colonization of North America from 1620-1740? A. Encomienda system B. Patroon system C. Mission system D. Cour de Bois E. Joint stock company

18. The colonies of Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Maryland had which of the following characteristics in common? A. They were founded by Quakers B. They were settled primarily by non-Englishmen C. They were settled by emigrants from other colonies D. They were founded as refuges from religious persecution in England E. They were strongly opposed to the institution of slavery

19. The major and primary objective of 17th century mercantilism was to: A. promote and build national self-sufficiency with a favorable balance of trade B. develop industrialism in America C. promote laissez-faire free trade policies for English merchants D. encourage early textile industry in Europe E. help England gain control of the Atlantic seas lanes to the New World

20. Women in the 17th century Chesapeake: A. were very close to slave status under the rule of Sir Edward Coke, England’s chief of Star Chamber B. generally worked alongside men and slaves in the tobacco fields C. outlived men because of natural immunities derived from sex hormones outnumber men D. were significantly more prolific in child-bearing because of temperate climate E. had a good chance to improve their social and economic status by marriage

21. Geographic sectionalism in the American colonies affected all of the following EXCEPT: A. cultural differences B. social status of residents C. political institutions and diplomacy of Spain D. economic developments E. intellectual ideas of government

22. Principal institutions used by the Spanish to gain control of colonial society in the New World included all EXCEPT: A. the presidio B. the hacienda C. the control of indulgences D. the vaquero E. the mission

23. Major political developments in the establishment effective government in America came with the… A. the House of Burgess B. the Puritan oligarchy in Massachusetts C. the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut D. the Massachusetts General Court E. the county 24. The French shifted from Port Royal to Quebec because: A. they intermarried with Indian women B. they had given up on their search for a northwest passage C. they became more interested in farming than fishing D. the St. Lawrence Valley offered better access to the interior E. the St. Lawrence Valley was easier to defend

25. The European Jesuits (French) gradually enjoyed success with the Indians because: A. they intermarried with them B. they accepted and even appreciate the Indian cultures, especially the Algonkin C. they displayed considerable prowess, bravery, and valor in the wilderness D. they confined their missionary work to established missions E. they were eager abandon their French culture and politics and become democrats like the Indians.

26. The Puritan proposals for reforming the Anglican Church included all EXCEPT: A. purifying the English church of Catholic “corruption’s” B. eliminating elaborate hierarchy and ritualistic pageantry C. effecting a complete separation of church and state D. improving the education of the clergy E. forming an oligarchy to govern and rule the colony

27. There has been a claimed that “history is geography in motion” Massachusetts Bay claimed: A. Maine and New Hampshire B. Connecticut and Rhode Island C. Maine and Vermont D. Vermont and New Hampshire E. Connecticut and New York

28. The basic unit of local government in the English colonies---but especially in Pennsylvania---was: A. the county B. the town or village C. the General Court D. the Quaker meeting E. the mission

29. Seventeenth century New York was known for its: A. high crime rate B. stable political order C. ethnic and religious diversity D. cordial relations with the Iroquois Indians E. largely unbalanced ratio of men to women by about 12-1

30. The Quakers came from England with all of the following beliefs EXCEPT: A. that the land of America belonged to the Indians B. that all men and women shared equality “within the light” C. that an official clergy and sacraments were totally unnecessary for faith and salvation D. that swearing oaths and making war was against Divine Law E. that there should be rigid separation and segregation of men and women in public meetings

31. The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 were caused by: A. Land quarrels B. Bad blood C. Fanaticism D. Puritan doctrine E. Gender discrimination 32. One of the de jury reasons the Salem Witchcraft hysteria suddenly ended in 1692 was that: A. the original accusers had become accused of being witches too including the governor B. it became clear that some were attempting to use the hysteria for their political gains C. the royal governor proclaimed it a crime to make unsubstantiated accusations of witchcraft D. the implementation of a new royal charter ended a time of political uncertainty and stress E. because of a decree in England banning all witchcraft in Europe and America

33. Puritans most strongly opposed: A. alcohol B. tobacco C. religious nonconformity D. Protestantism E. refraining from sex

34. The greatest concentration of German immigrants came to .... A. New Jersey with the Swedes B. New York with the Dutch C. Virginia with the English D. Quebec with the French E. Pennsylvania with the Quakers

35. The colonial headright system: A. was used in all of the colonies from Massachusetts to Georgia B. gave land to slaves and indentured servants C. parceled out land to each person who came to the colony D. parceled out land to those who helped settle and establish towns E. gave land to only those who were “freemen”

36. Among Puritans their life long goal was to behave and the sign that they were: A. among the saved “elect” B. among non-elect C. those with a healthy body D. who were the most intelligent E. who were the most wealthy

37. The great Swiss theologian John Calvin contributed which of the following to the Puritans: A. antinomianism B. predestination C. antidisestablishmentarianism D. corpus delecti E. papal infallibility

38. The Mayflower Compact and its doctrine of majority rule was adopted by: A. Puritans B. Quakers C. Virginians D. New Yorkers E. Pilgrim separatist

39. In the Iroquois Indian nation, the older women: A. controlled the finances of the tribe B. had the power to either start or stop wars C. were the religious leaders of their communities D. were painlessly put to death when they became senile E. train the young male warriors in military ethics

40. Which of the following colonial industries was prohibited by England’s Parliament? A. textile manufacturing B. ship building C. iron-making D. had manufacturing E. manufacture of glass & paint

41. William Penn’s Frame of Government in (1682) provided substantial power to: A. women voters B. the native Americans C. the governor appointed by the Crown D. the colony’s legislature E. the colonial court

42. Anne Hutchinson, a separatist and antinomian, believed most in which of the following? A. the laws of the Puritan oligarchy B. practice of universal suffrage of all people C. the spirit as opposed to the man’s laws D. example of Roger Williams E. example of John Winthrop

43. The punishment metted out to most of those put to death in the Salem Witch Trials was: A. crushed by stones B. burned at the stake C. beheaded D. hanged

44. The primary purpose of the famous Navigation Acts of 1660’s was to: A. stimulate trade B. encourage the colonials to conduct with other countries other than England C. regulate trade within the empire D. forbade colonial to engage in England’s monopoly of munitions trade E. regulate the amount of cotton to be exported to Europe

45. The theory that nations should increase their wealth, as measured in gold and silver, will insure they will sell more than import is known as... A. imperialism B. laissez-faire C. democracy D. monetarism E. mercantilism

46. Which of the following major historical figures of the Colonial period is mis-matched with his/her achievement:? A. Benjamin Franklin - Inventor & printer B. Anne Bradstreet - musician and composer C. Samuel Sewell - New England diarist D. John Peter Zenger - Freedom of the Press E. Roger Williams - Separation of Church & State

47. Which combination of immigrants provided the greatest number of immigrants to America: A. Africans, Scots-Irish, Germans B. Africans, Germans, French Huguenots C. Scots-Irish, Swill, Italians D. Germans, French Huguenots, & Italians E. Italians, Dutch, & Portuguese

48. The Stono Rebellion was: A. a slave uprising in New York B. a slave uprising in Georgia C. a slave uprising in South Carolina D. a slave uprising in Virginia E. a slave uprising in Pennsylvania 49. Which of the following was a non-violent event in Colonial America: A. Leisler’s Rebellion B. Shay’s Rebellion C. Bacon’s Rebellion D. Salem Witch Trials E. Great Awakening

50. Colonial governments feature all of the following EXCEPT: A. a governor B. a unicameral legislature C. an independent Supreme Court D. a unified national executive E. the development of both city and county government

51. Sir Edmund Andros was the leader of: A. Dutch Patroon system B. Dominion of New England C. the Pennsylvania Dutch D. colonial Supreme Court E. the unified Carolinas before the Great Awakening

52. Colonial leaders that made a major impact upon colonial society included all EXCEPT: A. John Winthrop B. Roger Williams C. Alexander Hamilton D. John Peter Zenger E. Benjamin Franklin

53. Leaders of the Enlightenment in America included all EXCEPT: A. John Peter Zenger B. George Whitefield C. Jonathan Edwards D. Benjamin Franklin E. Anne Hutchinson

54. The native peoples of New England were affected by all of the following EXCEPT: A. They had little in common with White Europeans B. They were alienated by Puritan messianic attempts at conversion C. They suffered from the ravages of disease more than whites D. The clashed with the settlers in periodic conflicts that threaten white survival E. They were completely befriended by the White immigrants.

55. In what manner did New Netherlands become New York? A. It was traded by Sweden to France B. It was abandoned by the Dutch, then England colonized it C. It was geographically adjacent to Spanish territory D. It was conquered as part of a larger European struggle E. It was the result of the Zenger trial

56. William Penn sought to do all of the following EXCEPT: A. displace the savage Indians B. provide a refuge ro Quakers from England C. establish a model society based upon reform D. generated rental revenue for himself E. purchase land from the Indians

57. Pennsylvania quickly prospered for all the following EXCEPT: A. Penn’s planning and publicity efforts B. Penn’s honest dealing with Indians C. Pennsylvania’s favorable soil and climate D. Penn’s liberality toward religious freedom E. Parliament’s generated subsidy 58. A rebellion that occurred in New York which fostered years of political strife was: A. Nat Turner’s Rebellion B. Stono Rebellion C. Leisler’s Rebellion D. Bacon’s Rebellion E. Regulator Movement

59. Which of the following was NOT a goal of the Spanish in the New World? A. To seek for gold B. To convert the Native Americans to Christianity C. To establish presidios, missions, and pueblos D. To reduce the Native American population E. To seek for glory and adventure

60. When the Europeans discovered the New World, the Native Americans they found: A. lacked any form of religion B. were as varied as the peoples of Europe C. were mostly farmers D. mostly lived in northeastern US E. were violent, indolent, and uncultured savages

61. All of the following helped bring about the voyages of discovery after 1450 EXCEPT: A. the rise of nation states B. the Renaissance C. the Norse navigators D. the Reformation E. the Commercial Revolution

62. The main goal of early French and English explorers was to: A. develop large colonies in the New World B. seize Native Americans for slaves C. conquer all Native American tribes D. Christianize the Native Americans E. find a northwest passage to India

63. The rise of kings was a major factor in the development of exploration because it: A. centralized the power and stimulated trade B. reduced the conflicting national claims over newly discovered land C. reduced conflicts between European nations D. helped to eliminate Papal claims to the New World E. helped to develop world wide imperialism

64. Which of the following did the Europeans bring to New World: A. gold B. tobacco C. horses D. dogs E. potatoes, squash, and beans

65. An unexpected result of the Treaty of Tordesillas was: A. the loss of all Portuguese claims to the New World B. a delay in Spanish exploration C. division of English territory from that of France D. unequal cultural division of South America E. the planting of French culture in Brazil

66. Which of the following is mis-matched? A. Estaban - Negro slave and survivor of exploration B. Cortez - conquerors of Mexico C. Pizzaro - conqueror of the Mayans D. Balboa - discovered the isthmus of Panama E. Magellan - circumnavigated the globe 67. Which Spanish explorer discover the Grand Canyon? A. Cortez B. Father Kino C. Father Serra D. Coronado E. Vespucci

68. The Native Americans probably came from: A. Europe B. Asia C. Middle East D. Africa E. Australia

69. Both the Pilgrims and the Puritans A. had charters to settle Massachusetts B. practiced self-government C. believed in religious toleration in the colonies D. showed favoritism toward the Church of England E. off-shoots of Lutheranism

70. The first elected legislative assembly in America was the: A. House of Representatives B. London Company C. Massachusetts General Court D. Parliament E. House of Burgess

71. In which of the following ways or policies were the British and the Spanish most similar? A. Religious freedom B. Inter-racial marriage with Native Americans C. Mercantile policy D. Democratic beliefs E. Use of jury trials

72. A religious dissenter would have been least tolerated in: A. Rhode Island B. Maryland C. New Netherlands D. New Sweden E. Massachusetts Bay

73. Which European nation established the first permanent settlement in Quebec? A. The French B. The English C. The Spanish D. The Dutch E. The Germans

74. The colony was best known as a haven for religious freedom and the safest place for Jews to settle and congregate? A. New York B. Virginia C. Rhode Island D. Pennsylvania E. Carolinas 75. In order to help raise capital for American colony, Sir Walter Raleigh: A. exported tobacco to Europe B. formed a joint stock company C. used Native Americans as slave labor D. turned to the Spanish monarchy for help E. formed the modern corporation

76. The year 1619 is important because of the introduction of: A. martial law B. the end of martial law C. beginning of the House of Burgesses D. passage of Maryland Toleration Act E. introduction of Black slavery

77. The joint stock company was the forerunner of the: A. House of Representatives B. Senate C. corporation D. family farm E. plantation

78. A person who signs an agreement to work in exchange for passage or payment of debt is a(n): A. indentured servant B. slave C. redemptioner D. pioneer E. mestizo

79. Which of the American colonial sections was most closely akin to those of England: A. New England B. Southern Colonies C. Middle Colonies D. Massachusetts Bay Colony E. New York & New Jersey

80. Predestination was an important tenet of early: A. Quakers B. Anglicans C. Puritans D. Native Americans E. Catholics

81. The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 dealt with all except: A. hanging of women B. poverty of families C. fanaticism D. superstition E. The Inquisition 82. The primary objective of mercantilism was: A. to promote free trade policies B. to develop industries in the Americas C. to build national self-sufficiency through favorable balance of trade D. to encourage the early textile industry in Europe E. to develop good ports, harbors, and trading docks

83. Africa exported ______as part of the triangular trade system: A. slaves B. rum C. tobacco D. woolen clothes E. gold, diamonds, and silver 84. Colonial colleges and universities were founded to study: A. science B. humanities C. religion D. medicine E. business

85. Who was the individual who challenged the King and Governor over the issue of freedom of the press? A. Paul Revere B. Ben Franklin C. John Winthrop D. John Peter Zenger E. Roger Williams

86. A major difference between the Pilgrims and the Puritans was: A. the way in which they earned their living B. the general areas in which they settled C. the issue of reforming the Church of England or separating from it D. the degree to which they practiced self-government E. the attitudes they held toward the Native Americans

87. Women in Seventeenth Century Chesapeake: A. outnumbered men B. generally worked alongside men in the tobacco fields C. outlived the men D. had a good chance of improving their status by marriage E. were free and equal with men

88. Ben Franklin’s attempt to unify the colonies was known as: A. New England Confederation B. Peace of Paris C. Albany Plan of Union D. Navigation Acts E. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

89. The rise of nation-states was significant factor in the development of exploration because it: A. centralized power and stimulated trade B. diminished economic opportunity C. reduced the conflicting national claims over newly discovered lands D. reduced the sectional conflict between European nations E. helped eliminate Papal claims to the New World

90. The royal governor of the Dominion of New England was: A. Jacob Leisler B. Thomas Hutchinson C. Duke of York D. Sir Edmund Andros E. Roger Williams

91. Jesuits gradually enjoyed some success in converting the Indians because... A. they intermarried with Indian women B. they accepted and even appreciated much of Indian culture C. they displayed considerable prowess in the wilderness D. they were confined to the mission system E. they were reclusive monks whose life style the Indians 92. The fundamental causes of Bacon’s Rebellion included ALL EXCEPT: A. white settlers fears of Indian attacks B. diminished economic opportunity C. popular opposition to the restoration of the monarchy D. a contest for power within the Virginia elite E. political rights for freed servants

93. The English colonies faced all of the following problems EXCEPT: A. labor shortages B. high infant mortality rates C. crowded conditions for living D. communication problems with the mother country E. Indian conflicts

94. Massachusetts Bay produced two spin-off colonies:______which wished to reproduce Puritan culture, and ______, which rejected it. A. Connecticut and Rhode Island B. Rhode Island and New Jersey C. New Jersey and New York D. New York and Virginia E. Virginia and Pennsylvania

95. Quakers were most unlike the Puritans in their: A. commercial success with their American colony B. opposition to the encumbrances of church ritual C. having suffered persecution in England D. advocacy of absolute freedom of conscience E. peaceful relations with the Indians

96. Those among the “elect” who, as Puritan church members, ruled Massachusetts Bay Colony, justified their rule by invoking the: A. doctrine of “grace.” B. doctrine of the “covenant” C. concept of predestination. D. doctrine of good “works” E. doctrine of transubstantiation

97. Institutions of higher learning were eventually established in all the following colonies EXCEPT: A. Virginia B. North Carolina C. New Hampshire D. New Jersey E. Pennsylvania

98. Slaves endured the worst conditions in eighteenth-century: A. Maryland B. Virginia C. North Carolina D. South Carolina E. Kentucky

99. A Puritan who had been baptized by who could not receive communion or vote on church matters probably joined the church under the terms dictate by: A. colonial governor B. legislature C. Halfway Covenant D. the Saybrook Platform E. his own personal “calling” 100. Benjamin Franklin pursued all of the following EXCEPT: A. inventor B. businessman C. professional writer D. educator E. diplomatic statesman OBJECTIVE TEST ANSWER KEY

1 C 26 C 51 B 76 E 2 A 27 A 52 C 77 C 3 D 28 A 53 E 78 A 4 C 29 C 54 E 79 B 5 C 30 B 55 B 80 C 6 E 31 D 56 A 81 E 7 B 32 A 57 E 82 C 8 E 33 C 58 C 83 A 9 D 34 E 59 D 84 C 10 A 35 C 60 B 85 D 11 C 36 A 61 C 86 C 12 B 37 B 62 E 87 D 13 D 38 E 63 A 88 C 14 D 39 A 64 C 89 A 15 B 40 B 65 D 90 D 16 C 41 D 66 C 91 B 17 A 42 C 67 D 92 C 18 D 43 D 68 B 93 C 19 A 44 C 69 B 94 A 20 E 45 E 70 E 95 E 21 C 46 B 71 C 96 B 22 C 47 A 72 E 97 B 23 B 48 C 73 A 98 D 24 D 49 E 74 C 99 C 25 B 50 D 75 B 100 D

1606-1650 1 E 2 B 3 D 4 C 5 D

Dear Colleagues:

I wrote the test for you on the Presidential time periods and sent it out. Well, I was thinking about the colonial era and talking to my daughter who is Vice Principal of Curriculum, and a history major herself, and she just scolded me for leaving out the foundations of American government, Character, economy, and rights of civil liberty. I started to write a test for you. I got five questions done, and then I thought to look back at my own old Colonial Midterm exam. As I read through it, I realized that I would just be redoing work already done and that is foolish to do. But there is a hitch, there is a big gap between the end of this exam, and the beginning of the Washington Administration where the other starts. I presume that you can fill in a few good questions of your own for the students. But here is what lies in my computer memory, and for what it is worth, I share it with you. My daughter feels better now that she has shamed me into “covering the whole American Experience!” It was my privilege to teach her in AP some twenty years ago. Now she is quoting me to my face saying, “I remember my AP teacher telling me that the colonial era was 1/3 of the total American Experience. Well, so be it. Here is the colonial period for you. Now maybe she will stop the verbal and intellectual caning of me. Review Exam for Students by Presidential Administrations.

Comments and Directions: This type of review is interesting but excludes a major part of the early and formative period in American History. Naturally, the colonial era is included on the AP Exam and so a review of that 170 year period (1620-1790) needs to take place by the students in addition to this review. One might call this period of review, “The Constitutional Era of Review” since it dates from the implementation of the American Constitution.

George Washington:

1. Everything President Washington did set a precedent for later American Presidents. Which area of presidential precedent have historians determined to be his most significant precedent? A) Providing for civilian control of the military B) Nominations to the Supreme Court C) Exert effective control over organization of Congress D) Establishment of the presidential cabinet E) Establish the existence and function of political parties

2. Which of the following presidential advisers to Washington is mis-matched with the function he performed in the Washington Administration? A) Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State B) Alexander Hamilton as Treasury Secretary C) Henry Knox as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court D) Benjamin Franklin as Postmaster General E) John Adams as Vice President

3. What major crop would radically affect the economy of the nation forever after it was introduced during the Washington Administration in 1792? A) Soybeans B) Wheat C) Sugar D) Tobacco E) Cotton

4. Alexander Hamilton became the financial wizard of the Washington Administration by recommending several economic moves. Among these was a bill of assumption to be paid by 8% tariff and… A) Raising the prices on western land sales B) Excise tax on whiskey production C) Income tax on the very wealthy D) Head tax on slaves sold at auction E) Selling surplus military equipment from the Revolution

5. In Washington’s “Farewell Address to the Nation” he pointed warned against the… A) Establishment of permanent alliances with foreign nations. B) Evils of society which provided for permanent slavery C) Right to vote for women and women and minorities D) Evils of revolution E) Establishment of sectionalism over national unity.

John Adams: 6. John Adams played a major role in ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EVENTS EXCEPT: A) Delegate to the Declaration of Independence B) Serving as cabinet member to George Washington C) Leader of the Constitutional Convention D) Vice President of the U.S. E) Signed the Alien & Seditions Acts into law during his administration

7. Which of the following treaties was the one in which the resolution of the Revolution of 1800 was made under the leadership of John Adams? A) Treaty of Joinville B) Treaty of Boudreaux C) Treaty of Reims D) Treaty of Mortefontaine E) Treaty of Paris 1803

8. John Adams held a firm, consistent, and almost blind proclivity for which of the following nations of Europe? A) Great Britain B) Spain C) France D) Italy E) Germany

9. Which of the following exclamations did John Adams give voice when he heard about the XYZ Affair? A) “We will not be held with hoops of steel to the anarchy of the French!” B) “These are times that try men’s souls!” C) “Caesar had his Brutus, and Napoleon may have his Robespierre!” D) “I regret that I have but one life to give for my country!” E) “We will spend millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!”

10. The two issues that faced John Adams during his Presidential Administration were the Alien & Sedition Acts and… A) French Revolution B) Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions C) Assassination of Alexander Hamilton D) Establishment of the Whiskey Tax E) The Embargo Act Thomas Jefferson:

11. Thomas Jefferson’s vision of the good society included ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXECPT: A) An agrarian society B) A citizenry of virtuous independent farmers C) A national government with limited powers D) An economy that relied on the national government to provide subsidies E) A society based upon education, agriculture, and politics. 12. The issue upon which Jefferson changed his view of strict construction of the Constitution was: A) The Lewis and Clark Expedition and Louisiana Purchase B) The issues involving slavery in 1808 C) The conflicts of opinions he had with Chief Justice John Marshall D) The destruction of the national bank by Albert Gallatin E) The writing of the Declaration of Independence

13. According to Thomas Jefferson, which of the following was most vital to the security of the United States in 1803? A) Cuba B) Nova Scotia C) New Orleans D) Florida E) Columbia River

14. In his first inaugural address Jefferson was pledged to the task of A) Strengthening the military B) Jailing all subversives of the government of the U.S. C) Repudiating the debt of the United States D) Reconciling political differences with the Federalists E) Sponsoring the Lewis and Clark Expedition

15. The unforeseen relocation of power within the Federal Government came as the result of… A) Fletcher v. Peck B) Cherokee Nation v. Georgia C) Dartmouth College v. Woodward D) Gibbons v. Ogden E) Marbury v. Madison

James Madison: 16. In which of the following events does James Madison, NOT play a major and determinative role? A) Participant in the Presidents cabinet B) A Justice of the Supreme Court C) Architect of the Constitution of 1787 D) A major leader of Congress until the Revolution of 1800 E) An author of the Federalist Papers

17. A rising new young and dynamic group of men elected to Congress while Madison was the President included ALL EXCEPT: A) Daniel Webster B) Henry Clay C) Andrew Jackson D) John C. Calhoun E) Felix Grundy

18. which of the following was NOT a unique long range cause of the War of 1812? A) Rise of slavery B) Imperialism C) Indian relations on the frontier D) Impressment E) Anti-Spanish ethnicity

19. What diplomatic conference ended the War of 1812 and thus achieved American nationalism from Britain, once and for all. A) Treaty of Joinville B) Treaty of Ghent C) Treaty of San Idelfonso D) Treaty of Paris 1815 E) Treaty of Chapultepec

20. Which of the following events expressed dissatisfaction with the War of 1812, and can be called the first American anti-war movement? A) Treaty of Greenville B) Treaty of Paris – 1815 C) Hartford Convention D) Seneca Falls Convention E) Port Huron Statement

James Monroe:

21. Which of the following events or developments happen while James Monroe was President, but, which he had very little to with their development? Which is the lone EXCEPTION to this assertion? A) McCulloch v. Maryland B) Development of the American System C) Missouri Compromise D) Dartmouth College v. Woodward E) Recognition of Latin American Independence movements

22. The Monroe Doctrine was issued in response to A) the threat of war with England B) the threat of war with Austria C) the purchase of Florida D) the invention of the cotton gin E) the threat of the Quadruple Alliance to reestablish Spanish Power in the Americas

23. The Monroe Doctrine, which has been the foundation of American foreign policy, was brilliant bold step taken by which of the following secretaries of state? A) Thomas Jefferson B) James Madison C) James Monroe D) John Quincy Adams E) Henry Clay

24. The Monroe Administration was called “The Era of Good Feelings” because of A) The absence of sectionalism B) The dominance of one major party C) The absence of political strife D) The lack of important national issues E) The disappearance of slavery on the national scene

25. Thomas Jefferson, commenting on the Missouri Compromise under James Monroe called it: A) The compromise to save the union B) A compact with the devil C) A fire-bell in the night D) Abolitionist propaganda E) An end to slave rebellions

John Quincy Adams:

26. John Quincy Adams had the distinction of being ALL of the following EXCEPT: A) The second one term President B) The son of a former President C) The first post—Revolutionary President D) The first President to serve without an outright election of the people or House of Representatives E) The first pro-western politician on the national scene

27. Which of the following is true of the John Q. Adams Administration? A) Adams cabinet was one of the most able and harmonious on record B) The nationalistic goals were to provide—education, industrialization, & transportation C) Adams was able to win over with personality that he could not control politically D) Except of the “Corrupt Bargain” the Adams Administration was absent of strife E) Adams refused to use the spoils systems and dismiss public workers to fill their jobs with political supporters. 28. It has been claimed that John Q. Adams: A) did his finest work for the American before and after he was President B) was a week spineless politician prone to making political deals for the federalists. C) fired John Marshall from the Supreme Court & appointed Roger Taney. D) nationalist more than he was an internationalist. E) political conformist rather than a creative and idealistic diplomat.

29. Which of the following historical issues did NOT occur under John Q. Adams? A) Canal building begins spurred into reality by Henry Clay B) South Carolina Exposition & Protest was written by Calhoun C) Cherokee Nation vs Georgia was rendered under John Marshall D) James Fennimore Cooper’s Last of the Mohicans was published E) Joseph Smith establishes the Mormon religion in Kirtland, Ohio

30. John Quincy Adams was President who dealt with revolutions of ALL but which of the following? A) transportation revolution B) gender revolutionary issues C) social & religious revolutions D) diplomatic revolutions E) market revolution

Andrew Jackson 31. Jackson was the forerunner of which late nineteenth century movement? A) Social Darwinism B) Imperialism C) Populism D) Industrialism E) Pragmatism

32. During the Age of Jackson, democracy was characterized by which of the following changes? A) Politicians emphasized a high education or strong qualification for the job and boasted of their upper class status or wealth. B) The percentage of eligible voters casting ballots increased with each election as mass mass politics became a popular activity. C) Parties relied primarily upon mass communication tools, especially the newspaper and pamphlets. D) Party bosses tried to clean up their acts; ridding the party of corruption, kickbacks, and the spoils system. E) Political deals, congressional caucuses, behind the scenes manipulation were common during this era.

33. Which was the major item of debate in the election of 1828 which saw the ascension of Andrew Jackson to the Presidency? A) InterventionistEuropean foreign policy B) Tariffs C) Personalities of the candidates D) Western land sales and prices E) Manufacturing

34. The Tariff of 1828 provoked publication of a pamphlet called The South Carolina Exposition & Protest. This pamphlet offered what solution to the tariff dilemma? A) Secession B) Nullification C) Virtual representation D) Loose construction interpretation of the Constitution E) Doctrine of implied powers

35. Considering the issue of government and economics, Andrew Jackson was a(n)… A) soft money advocate B) defender of the national debt C) proponent of high tariffs D) hard money advocate E) advocate of a graduated income tax

Martin Van Buren:

36. What democratic political bureaucrat was the leader of the New York “Buck Tails?” A) John C. Calhoun B) Theodore Roosevelt C) Martin Van Buren D) Thurlow Weed E) Gouverner Morris

37. The newly formed legislative caucus in New York led by Martin Van Buren was known as: A) Democrats B) Federalists C) Loyalists D) Copperheads E) regency

38. The consensus “great” Whig leader of the Van Buren era was? A) Henry Clay B) John Quincy Adams C) Daniel Webster D) James K. Polk E) Ralph Waldo Emerson

39. Which of the following events DID NOT TRANSPIRE UNDER Martin Van Buren? A) Invention of the steel plow by John Deere B) Massachusetts establishes state board of education C) Whig Party organized D) Mormon migration to Illinois E) Independent Treasury Act was passed into law by Congress

40. Which of the following events was considered by many to be Van Buren’s major economic achievement? A) Gold Rush to California B) Mormon migration to Utah C) Samuel F.B. Morse invents the telegraph D) Large scale development of railroads E) Steam power manufacturing begins

William Henry Harrison:/John Tyler

41. The distinguishing factors about William Henry Harrison as the President of the US were ALL EXCEPT: A) He was a military hero//and a Congressional delegate from Ohio B) He was the oldest man to become President//lived the shortest time in office C) He was known as “Old Hickory//and Billy Budd D) He was a Whig from Ohio//Governor of Indiana Territory E) He inaugural address was the longest on record//Director of US Bank

James K. Polk:

42. The primary advocate of “Manifest Destiny” as the public policy of the United States Government was: A) Andrew Jackson B) James K. Polk C) John L. O’Sullivan D) Henry Clay E) Thomas Hart Benton

43. James K. Polk, sent John Slidell to Mexico to: A) purchase Texas B) secure recognition of the Texas annexation C) purchase California D) end the Mexican War E) negotiate the purchase of the Oregon Territory

44. The Oregon Treaty of 1846 A) established a boundary on the Columbia River B) was on the whole a British victory C) was a colossal Russian defeat D) fulfilled Polk’s campaign slogans and promises E) was a reasonable compromise

45. Which of the following movements did not occur in the 1844-1848 period of US History? A) Gag Rule B) Split of the Baptist Church into Northern and Southern Churches C) Publication of The Essay on Civil Disobedience D) Hawthorne writes The Scarlet Letter E) George Morton discovers ether as anesthesia

Franklin Pierce:

46. The cotton gin is to the South as ____ is to ____ A) commerce ::New York B) railroad :: West C) fishing :: Alaska D) lumbering :: Northeast E) cattle raising :: Wyoming

47. Mormons are to Utah as ____ is to ____ A) Baptists :: Florida B) Catholics :: California C) Quakers :: Oregon D) Utopian Socialists :: Old Northwest E) Lutherans :: Mississippi Valley

48. The aggressive administration of President Franklin Pierce sought to… A) engage Spain and England in a war over Mexico B) force Japan open to trade C) dig a Nicaraguan canal D) annex Canada E) acquire Cuba

49. The election of 1852 was genuinely significant in US History because: A) It set back the Democratic Party B) It highlighted the achievements of the Whigs C) It doomed the Whig Party in national political culture of the future D) It spawned a compromise over slavery that avoided civil war E) It gave birth to the Republican Party

50. Men who became giants and forerunners of the Civil War era included ALL EXCEPT: A) Abraham Lincoln B) Stephen A. Douglass C) William H. Seward D) Henry Clay E) William Lloyd Garrison

James Buchanan:

51. The election of 1856 is significant for a variety of reasons. Which of the following is NOT an 1856 issue? A) This election brought forth the advent of the long awaited sectional party—the Republicans. B) Buchanan failed to take strong measures against secession. C) Brooks attacked Sumner in one of the most appalling scenes of modern democracy D) The waning of the American Party became a political reality E) The rendering of the Dred Scott case occurred

52. James Buchanan openly sided with: A) advocates of Manifest Destiny B) provisions of the Kansas-Nebraska Act C) southerners who were pro-slavery in Kansas over the Lecompton Constitution D) anti-slavery prosecutors of the Dred Scott case E) anti-immigration advocates of European immigration

53. The period 1856-1860 included ALL OF THE historical crises EXCEPT: A) Dred Scott v. Sanford B) Lincoln vs Douglas Debates C) Panic of 1857 D) Buchanan accepted skillful aid of Thurlow Weed E) Sent Col. Albert Sidney Johnson against the Mormons in Utah

54. Senator William H. Seward, labeled the national political crisis a(n)… A) blundering generation B) irrepressible conflict C) victory for republicanism D) age of permanent sectionalism E) the modern curse of urbanism vs rural agrarianism

55. The single greatest impact of actions and events taken during the Buchanan Administration was the A) political reemergence of Abraham Lincoln B) the publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin C) the writing and distribution of Hinton R. Helper’s book, The Impending Crisis. D) decisions by the Buchanan pro-Northern Supreme Court E) drafting of the Chrittendon Compromise on slavery

Abraham Lincoln:

56. Which of the following combinations of rivals did Lincoln choose to nominate as cabinet members upon his election 1860? A) Douglas, Bates, Jeff Davis, and Cameron B) Cameron, Stephens, Lee, and Seward C) Seward, Chase, Bates, and Cameron D) Weed, Grundy, Blair, and Andrew Johnson E) Blair, Douglas, Fremont, and Grant

57. Which descriptive term most carefully identifies Abe Lincoln’s abolitionist feelings? A) He was a fanatic abolitionist B) He was a liberal abolitionist on principle only C) He was undecided and unconcerned about abolitionism D) He was a moral or conscience abolitionist E) He was anti-abolitionist 58. Which of the following men did NOT participate in the election of 1860 as a candidate A) Lincoln B) Douglas C) Breckenridge D) Bell E) Buchanan

59. At the beginning of the Civil War, the North had all of the following advantages EXCEPT: A) more manpower B) more industry C) stronger consensus concerning war aims D) an established government recognized by all nations E) superiority in number of naval vessels

60. Abraham Lincoln viewed the Civil War primarily as a… A) struggle in the economic interest of the northern bankers and merchants B) crusade to abolish slavery C) test of the inviolability of the union D) struggle against the dominance of Southerner in national government E) struggle to secure full citizenship for Negroes

Andrew Johnson:

61. Andrew Johnson’s conception of what was to be done following the Civil War is best described by the term: A) “Squatter sovereignty” B) “Restoration” C) “Scalawag supremacy” D) “Military reconstruction” E) “Distribution of forty acres and a mule”

62. The remarkable characteristic of Johnson’s reconstruction policy was that it was: A) arbitrary and suspicious B) mild and compromising C) a capitulation to the radical views in the North D) original and visionary E) vague but diplomatic 63. Historians Thomas A. Bailey and David Kennedy have argued that Reconstruction was… A) an effective and enduring revolution to advance political democracy B) a movement of unintended consequences C) a static and reactionary move that set the US back a century in progress D) a more bitter pill for the South to swallow than the War itself. E) to delay the effectiveness of women’s rights movement

64. Which post-war President of Reconstruction signed the now powerful and precedent setting 14th Amendment to the Constitution? A) Andrew Johnson B) Abraham Lincoln C) Ulysses S. Grant D) James A. Garfield E) Chester A. Arthur

65. The Reconstruction Act of 1867 dealt specifically with: A) the economic reconstruction of southern agriculture B) the social conditions of the ex-slaves C) the establishment of military reconstruction in five districts under Union generals D) the rebuilding of the rail system in the South E) the steps necessary to go from “conquered provinces” to member of the republican union.

Ulysses S. Grant:

66. The major achievement of the Grant Administration which was actually a process out of it’s control concerned which of the following issues that dramatically was beneficial to the whole American nation? A) Effective and peaceful completion of reconstruction B) Effectively dealing with the hoards of immigration coming from Europe C) Efficient readjustment of southern agricultural problems D) Effective reestablishment of diplomatic relations with European nations E) Allowing the rise of industrialism to go forward unregulated

67. The most vital trans-continental development in railroad building occurred when… A) The Great Northern railroad was completed B) The Northern Pacific railroad was completed C) The Central Pacific and Union Pacific was joined at Promontory Point D) The Southern Pacific connected the North and South E) The Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe rail line began operations

68. Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the pre-Grant years of Reconstruction? A) The war devastated southern society B) Every major southern city law in ruins C) The social structure of the South was weakened D) There were only minimal affects upon African Americans E) The per capita wealth was more than twice that of all eleven Confederate states. 69. Which of the following combination of events was clearly outside the period of the Administration of President Ulysses S. Grant? I. Credit Mobilier Scandal II. Ku Klux Klan Act III. Publication of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn IV. Glidden invent “Barbed Wire” V. Atlanta Compromise

A) I & III B) IV & II C) III & V D) II & V E) IV & I

70. Which of the following massacres occurred during the presidential watch of Ulysses S. Grant”? A) The Hauns Mill Massacre B) The Colfax Massacre C) The Fetterman Massacre D) Deerfield Massacre E) Wounded Knee Massacre

Rutherford B. Hayes:

71. At the time of his inauguration, President Hayes was view by a great majority of the American people as having been... A) elected by fraud B) considered to be a major reformer C) a political supporter of radicalism in reconstruction D) a pro-Western railroad magnate E) a New England conservative

72. During Hayes’ Administration, he was able to gain recognition as reformer and fighter against: A) radical reconstruction B) Indian massacres in the mid-West C) abusive pork barrel riders to essential appropriation bills D) abuse of workers in the burgeoning factories of America E) farm subsidies by Congressmen from the Midwest

73. A common feature of southern agriculture under the Hayes Administration was: A) homesteading B) government land grants C) subdividing plantations D) sharecropping E) introduction of the sugar industry into agriculture

James A. Garfield: 74. Which of the late 19th century issues does NOT affect the administration of James A. Garfield? A) He was a compromise candidate for the nomination after the 34 ballot of the convention. B) Garfield had a deep-seated aversion to parading his own virtues. C) Indian massacres and battle on the Midwest frontier D) Democrats attempted to taint Garfield as a scandal monger E) James G. Blaine changed political parties after Garfield’s nomination

75. Who among the following became the colorful, magnetic, and powerful Secretary of State, during Garfield’s presidency, in much the same fashion William H. Seward did under Lincoln? A) Roscoe Conkling B) Rutherford B. Hayes C) James G. Blaine D) Grover Cleveland E) Chester A. Arthur

Chester A. Arthur:

76. The presidential successor to Garfield, due to the assassin’s bullet, Arthur is known for each of the following EXCEPT: A) Arthur signed the Pendleton Act B) Arthur was the product the most powerful patronage machine in existence C) Arthur signed a tariff law noted for doing nothing D) Arthur was a major foreign policy expert E) Arthur was unique in that he was first incumbent President whose party refused to re-nominate him for another term of office.

Grover Cleveland: 77. Grover Cleveland became the first president after 1868 to A) secure a majority of both popular and electoral votes B) have a party majority in both houses of Congress C) take steps to end Reconstruction D) have been born in the South E) break Republican control of the White House

78. The Cleveland-Blaine campaign of 1884 was aimed primarily at: A) lowering tariffs B) reviving the Bloody Shirt issue C) reforming the civil service D) exposing the personal shortcomings of the candidates E) regaining the European powers allegiance to avoid continental war 79. Which combination of two laws was Grover Cleveland famous for signing? A) Interstate Commerce Act // Dawes Severalty Act B) Pendleton Act // Pension Appropriations Act C) Tenure of Office Act // Sherman Tariff Act D) Gold Standards Act // Sherman Silver Purchase Act E) Reconstruction Acts // Forest Reserve Act

Benjamin Harrison:

80. Benjamin Harrison is most commonly identified with and responsible for… A) Dawes Severalty Act B) “Billion dollar” out of control Congress of 1890 C) Rise of Knights of Labor D) Formation of United States Steel Corporation E) Formation of Standard Oil Trust

William J. McKinley:

81. William J. McKinley was the first Gilded Age President to focus on aggressive… A) Development of imperialism in foreign policy matters B) Rejection of insularism C) Approval of organized labor’s anti-immigrant socialism D) Domestic acceptance of William James ideas of pragmatism E) Development of the rise of populism

82. Which member of Lincoln’s “Team of Rivals” was retained by McKinley to run the foreign policy of the US? A) Salmon P. Chase B) Simon Cameron C) Francis Blair D) William Henry Seward E) William Jennings Bryan 83. Men who made a major impact upon foreign affairs in the Gilded Age included ALL EXCEPT: A) William H. Seward B) Hamilton Fish C) James G. Blaine D) Henry Cabot Lodge E) Samuel Gompers

84. The weak and ineffective Presidents of the Gilded Age were complimented by powerful A) Vice Presidents B) Secretaries of State C) Secretaries of the Treasury D) Powerful Democratic Senators E) Powerful industrial magnates that supported the Presidents

85. The primary feature of American government during these years signaled the development of: A) powerful standing armies B) of useful navies for imperial motives C) of powerful centralized government D) major powers and policies coming from the Supreme Court E) rapid settlement of western US into statehood

Theodore Roosevelt:

86. Who was the first American President to draw popular attention to the need for a national conservation policy? A) Theodore Roosevelt B) Woodrow Wilson C) Herbert Hoover D) Franklin D. Roosevelt E) John F. Kennedy

87. Which of the following items of modern power structures would Theodore Roosevelt have rejected as unacceptable? A) industrialism B) nationalism C) progressivism D) imperialism E) fanaticism

88. Which of the following “Deals” did TR propose to the American People? A) Fair Deal B) Square Deal C) New Deal D) Raw Deal E) Vegas Deal

89. Which of the following items was NOT an action of President TR? A) Pure Food & Drug Act B) Roosevelt Corollary C) Built the Panama Canal D) Newlands Reclamation Act E) Veto veterans pension bill

90. Theodore Roosevelt would earn the Nobel Prize in 1906 for helping bring to an end a war between which combination of two nations. A) France // Germany B) Spain // Italy C) Britain // Turkey D) Japan // Russia E) Mexico // Argentina

91. Roosevelt’s victory in the Northern Securities Company case (1904) was his first significant trust-busting effort; was aimed at the unpopular railroad industry, and which of the following captains of industry? A) James J. Hill B) Andrew Carnegie C) John D. Rockefeller D) Leland Stanford E) Cornelius Vanderbilt

William Howard Taft:

92. The economic oriented foreign policy of the man who succeeded Theodore Roosevelt as President was known as: A) Manifest Destiny B) Dollar Diplomacy C) Social Darwinism D) Reciprocity with nations E) World safe for democracy

93. “He graduated 2nd in his class at Yale, was an enviable lawyer, and judicial scholar…” Which of the following progressives is Historian David Kennedy talking about? A) Robert LaFollette B) Theodore Roosevelt C) Woodrow Wilson D) William Howard Taft E) John Hay

94. Which of the following issues were not issues on which Taft had to deal during his single term as President of the United States. A) trust-busting B) tariff C) inter-government agency fights D) impeachment crisis E) Senatorial insurgency

95. What did Taft call the supporters of TR when he returned to oppose Taft in 1912? A) feeble miscreants B) emotional and neurotic C) intellectual snobs D) naked thieves E) wishy-washy-turncoats

Woodrow Wilson:

96. At the beginning of the 20th century Woodrow Wilson ascended to the White House with a profound sense of… A) idealism B) realism C) pragmatism D) surrealism E) imperialism

97. Wilson by any standard of judgment was a(n)_____ President in 1912 in the first term of office. A) plurality B) minority C) majority D) super-majority E) compromised

98. Which of the following trusts did Wilson “go after” upon his election to the Presidency? A) railroad B) copper C) banking D) steel E) oil

99. Woodrow Wilson was fundamentally opposite his two progressive presidential predecessors in that he hated which of the following A) nationalism B) dollar diplomacy C) insularism D) pluralism E) imperialism

100. Wilson did not confront any of the basic causes of war that led to World War I EXCEPT he did not approve of A) nationalism B) militarism C) imperialism D) alliance systems E) propaganda

101. Wilson “pushed society’s envelope” by appointing a man to the Supreme Court who he knew would be controversial. That person was… A) William Howard Taft B) Charles Evans Hughes C) Louis D. Brandeis D) Owen Roberts E) Robert Jackson

102. The chief cause for the entry of the United States into World War I, was Germany’s A) policy of peaceful penetration into Mexico B) invasion of Belgium C) resumption of submarine warfare D) campaign of sabotage in the United States E) air attack on the Atlantic coast of the US

103. Which of the following tandem issues were not long range causes of warfare in the first half of the 20th century? A) imperialism // racism B) nationalism // fanaticism C) militarism // alliance building D) propaganda // yellow journalism E) manifest destiny // neutrality

104. Wilson’s avowed intentions in going to the Versailles Peace Conference was to… A) make the world safe for democracy B) punish the Germans and Austrians C) achieve the provisions of the fourteen points D) halt Russian expansionism in eastern Europe E) create the United Nations

105. The battle in which the Americans took the primary role of halting the Central Powers was A) Rock of the Marne B) Muese-Argonne Forest C) Cantigny D) Piave E) Verdun

Warren G. Harding:

106. Under President Harding the U.S. A) ratified the Treaty of Versailles with reservations B) took no notice whatever of the League of Nations C) we sacrificed actual naval superiority D) we sacrificed potential naval superiority E) became over night the world’s only super-power

107. The Washington Naval Conference of 1921-22 A) actually achieved no arms reductions B) improved the tense atmosphere in the Pacific C) left the Philippines in a stronger position D) made a highly favorable impression on Japan E) protected Australia from invasion

108. The Ohio Gang included which pair of men appointed by Warren Harding. A) Harry F. Sinclair // William Howard Taft B) Henry Ford // Charles Evans Hughes C) Harry M. Daugherty// Albert B. Fall D) Herbert C. Hoover // Andrew Mellon E) Calvin Coolidge // John Scopes

Calvin Coolidge:

109. President Calvin Coolidge presided over a nation that was affected by ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT: A) a tremendous business boom cycle B) a cultural renaissance among both Black and White communities C) an economic age of affluence and change D) a blistering depression and war E) an age fundamentalism and prohibitionist

110. Thomas Edison was to the Gilded Age as _____ was to _____ A) Charles Evan Hughes :: World War I B) Wilbur Wright :: Progressive Era C) Herbert C. Hoover :: the Great Depression D) Al Jolson :: Sports Era E) Henry Ford :: was the Jazz Age

Herbert Clark Hoover:

111. One of the great writers of the age who, in terms of the way he lived, and the themes of his literary works, the author most representative of the “Lost Generation” was: A) Ernest Hemingway B) Langston Hughes C) John Dos Passos D) John Steinbeck E) Sinclair Lewis

112. Which of the following diplomatic treatises and attending doctrines was written and applied during the Herbert Hoover Administration? A) Olney Doctrine—Platt Amendment B) Roosevelt Corollary—Dollar Diplomacy C) Clark Memorandum—Good Neighbor Policy D) Ostend Manifesto—Teller Amendment E) Alliance for Progress—Peace Corps

113. Which of the following is NOT TRUE of Herbert Hoover? A) Born in Iowa and orphaned, but worked his way through Stanford University B) He was a fabulously successful mining engineer who worked abroad C) He was a gregarious out-going and social man who merged easily in high society D) His real power lay in his integrity, humanitarianism, and loyalty. He was known as “Chief!” E) He was the intellectual spirit behind the development of “Good Neighbor Policy.”

114. Which of the following issues was NOT a long-range cause of the Great Depression which confronted Herbert Hoover? A) Over production by farmers B) Over speculation in the stock market C) Over extension of credit by banks D) Over spending on credit by consumers E) Over regulation of Securities & Exchange Commission

115. Hoover’s presidential theme was: A) Manifest Destiny B) Rugged Individualism C) The Square Deal D) Scientific Management E) The Open Door Policy

Franklin Delano Roosevelt:

116. Which of the following tandem events and statements is true of the 1932 Democratic Convention in Chicago? A) FDR smashed precedent by accepting nomination in person // “I pledge to you, I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people.” B) The democratic platform supported prohibition // “Happy Days are here again!” C) Al Smith proudly proclaimed… // “Out of the Red with Roosevelt” D) FDR rousingly shouted // “damn the deficit spenders!” E) FDR forebodingly warned that // “All we have to fear, is fear itself!”

117. FDR’s first “New Deal” aimed at a triad of prescriptural solutions to the Depression. Which of the following combinations of programs is NOT correct? A) Reform actions // Glass-Steagall Act, NRA, TVA, B) Recovery actions // Emergency Banking Relief, CCC, & FERA C) Reactionary actions // PWA, Beer & Wine Act, & RFC D) Relief actions // AAA, HOLC, & WPA E) Later reform actions // FHA, Wagner Act, & Fair Labor Standard Act

118. FDR made many historical decisions, but one of the first decisions was a major issue involving women: A) Using his wife a goodwill ambassador B) Choosing a woman as Vice President C) Allowing Margaret Chase to become a US Senator D) Allowing Mary McLeod Bethune to become a director of minor government agency E) Appointing Frances Perkins to serve as the Secretary of Labor and first woman to serve in a President’s Cabinet

119. Which of the following economic groups needed Roosevelt’s attention due to natural disasters? A) Union workers in the cities B) Women across the America C) Students from the universities D) Farmers from the “Dust Bowl” states E) Eastern seaboard businessmen 120. Which dual set of programs were declared “unconstitutional” by the Supreme Court during the New Deal Years? A) NRA & AAA B) TVA & SEC C) NLRB & HOLC D) WPA & PWA E) FERA & CCC

121. Which two crises enable FDR to bring the US into the modern world of 1945? A) Supreme Court crisis // Dust Bowl B) World War II // Great Depression C) Rise of Fascism // collapse of labor in 1930’s D) Changing his Vice Presidents// Organizing the CIO E) Suppressing civil liberties // mandating integration in Armed Forces

122. William H. Seward was to Abraham Lincoln as _____ was to _____ A) James G. Blaine :: Benjamin Harrison B) Alexander Hamilton :: George Washington C) Henry Clay :: Andrew Jackson D) Cordell Hull :: Franklin D. Roosevelt E) Henry L. Stimson :: Woodrow Wilson

123. The day “that will live in infamy!” is which of the following? A) Black Friday, Sept. 24, 1869 B) Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929 C) December 7 1941 D) June 6, 1943 E) April 12, 1945

124. What presidential action of FDR did NOT move this nation toward World War II? A) Lend-lease Act B) Einstein letter of August 2, 1939 C) de facto isolation and neutrality during the 1930’s D) the Atlantic Charter covenant struck by Churchill and Roosevelt E) pre-1940 Japanese relocation movement

125. A major, early set of naval battles that stopped Japanese aggression & expansionism were: A) Pearl Harbor & Midway B) Midway & Coral Sea C) Leyte Gulf & Mariana Islands campaign D) Coral Sea & Invasion of the Philippines E) Gilbert Islands & Okinawa

Harry S. Truman:

126. Harry S. Truman aided the cause of civil liberty A) denouncing Southern support in the 1948 presidential election B) desegregation of the armed forces of the United States C) integrating the public schools of Missouri & Arkansas D) ordering non-discrimination clauses in all defense contracts E) integrating restaurants, movie theaters, and interstate travel

127. Truman’s twin decisions involving war in the modern world on a level never before known are: A) Normandy Invasion and Battle of the Bulge B) Authorization to invade the Philippines and French Indochina C) Fire bombing of Tokyo and attack order for Iwo Jima D) Eisenhower’s authorization to cross the Rhine and invade the City of Berlin E) The Korean police action of 1950 and the bombing of Hiroshima/Nagasaki

128. During the Second World War civil liberties in the US were most conspicuously violated by the A) relocation of Japanese Americans B) jailing German and Japanese pacificists C) persecution of pro-Hitler German Americans D) persecution of Russian-American Communists E) crack-down on Jewish American press

129. Truman’s action to remove Gen. Douglas MacArthur from command of the United Nations forces during the Korean War exemplifies the constitutional power of… A) separation of powers B) federal supremacy C) civilian control of the military D) concept of limited government E) checks and balances

130. Which of the following World War II military figures became the architect of Truman’s foreign policy? A) Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower B) Gen. George S. Patton C) Adm. Chester W. Nimitz D) Adm. William F. Halsey E) Gen. George C. Marshall

Dwight David Eisenhower:

131. President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s chief cold war problem was… A) Sputnik B) Ending the Korean War C) McCarthyism D) U-2 Incident E) death of Joseph Stalin 132. Which Supreme Court case, rendered under the Eisenhower Administration by a Chief Justice appointed by Eisenhower, mandated racial integration? A) Muller v. Oregon B) Schenck v. United States C) Schecter Poultry v. US D) Dennis v. US E) Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, KS

133. President Eisenhower’s economic and national unification program was manifest in… A) Establish several trans-continental airlines B) Rebuilding the nations railroads C) Building the new freeway, parkway, and ribbons highways D) careful supervision of the stock market E) rebuilding the nations ports on both oceans

134. The area of the world where the Cold War was most acutely focused was: A) Japan B) Germany C) Argentina D) Nigeria E) Philippines

135. Nuclear weaponry has reached a colossal xenophobia of fear, because of the creation of ALL EXCEPT: A) Hydrogen warheads B) Missiles for delivery C) Computers for programmed delivery D) Neutron bombs E) Defense mechanisms

John F. Kennedy:

136. Which of the following issues did NOT occur during the Kennedy Administration A) Cuban Missile Crisis B) Berlin crisis—construction of Wall C) The Vietnam quagmire D) Serious labor union strikes E) Serious civil rights conflicts

137. John F. Kennedy surrounded himself what he called; “The best & the brightest”. Among them were included ALL EXCEPT: A) Mc George Bundy B) Thurgood Marshall C) Dean Rusk D) Robert F. McNamara E) Douglas Dillon

138. There is an interesting and somewhat significant correlation between the cabinet members of FDR and JFK, in that they A) were all New Englanders B) business executives of major national importance C) intellectuals from the major universities of the nation D) included several southerners and western figures E) nearly half of them were women, minorities, and bachelor’s

139. The twin relics of national crisis and foreign shame that occurred during the Kennedy Administration were: A) Vietnam and Civil Rights B) Collapse of the Common Market and social violence at home C) Betrayal of foreign leaders to help Kennedy and national failure of the economy D) Alienation of young people against power and greed of world leaders for imperialist power E) Development of drug culture and the unabashed greed of corporate America.

140. The single greatest tragedy of “Camelot” A) sky-rocketing crime rates B) appalling poverty C) assassinations D) sexual revolution E) emergence of the radical “New Left!”

Lyndon Baines Johnson:

141. The years from 1963-1968 are a complete tragedy for a man who was such a political idealist and moral pragmatist, that it has the plot of an operatic tragedy. Which of the following was THE ONLY BRIGHT SPOT in the Administration of Lyndon Johnson? A) Vietnamese war B) Civil Rights catastrophes C) Student revolts D) Black power vs White backlash E) War On Poverty

142. What was the single event that dealt Johnson’s credibility a fatal blow? A) Danang Air strike B) Tet Offensive C) Gulf of Tonkin resolution D) The bombing raids over the north E) Dien Bien Phu attack

143. Lyndon Johnson stunned the nation and the world in March of 1968, with the announcement: A) that he would not run again B) that he was resigning immediately C) that he felt betrayed by those who were of his own party D) that Robert F. Kennedy had been assassinated E) that Martin Luther King had been assassinated Richard M. Nixon:

144. To whom did Richard Nixon appeal in political quest for the Presidency? A) The New Left B) The Radical Left C) The silent majority D) The John Birch Society E) The Conservative Fundamentalist Right

145. Leading figures appointed by newly elected Presidents are always historically significant in that they are the ones who will set the agenda, formulate the policies, and execute the actions of the government looking forward. Which of the list is generally considered to be the foreign policy “master mind” of the Nixon Years? A) Robert Finch B) William J. Fulbright C) George McGovern D) Robert McNamara E) Henry Kissinger

146. The fascinating term that came to characterize Nixon foreign policy was: A) “Open Door Policy B) “Détente” C) “Good Neighbor Policy” D) “Peace without victory policy” E) “Unilateral application of democracy”

147. Which of the following TWO events occurred early in the Nixon administration that both shocked and awed the world? A) Apollo 11 // Kent State murders B) Assassination of Martin Luther King // Congress passes ERA C) Nixon’s resignation // NOW founded D) Paris Peace Accords // Cuban Missile Crisis E) War Powers Act-73 // Roe v. Wade decided

148. The resignation of Richard Nixon came as the result of the investigation into the… A) Vietnam war B) Assassination of Malcolm X C) Kent State Massacre D) Watergate investigation E) The escalation of the Vietnam War into Cambodia and Laos

149. Which pair of African American leaders wrote wholly contrasting views about race relations in American? A) James Foreman // Jesse Jackson B) Stokley Carmichael // Thurgood Marshall C) Martin Luther King // Malcolm X D) Jackie Robinson // Willie Mays E) Jim Brown // Wilt Chamberlain

150. What nineteenth century concept of politics did both Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger share in common? A) Détente B) Neo-Machiavellian idealism C) Gradual release of imperialistic motives D) Realpolitik E) National Socialism

Answer Key

1 D 26 E 51 E 76 D 101 C 126 B 2 C 27 E 52 C 77 E 102 C 127 E 3 E 28 A 53 D 78 D 103 E 128 A 4 B 29 E 54 B 79 A 104 C 129 C 5 B 30 B 55 A 80 B 105 B 130 E 6 B 31 C 56 C 81 A 106 D 131 D 7 D 32 B 57 D 82 D 107 B 132 E 8 A 33 C 58 E 83 E 108 C 133 C 9 E 34 B 59 C 84 B 109 D 134 B 10 B 35 D 60 C 85 C 110 E 135 E 11 D 36 C 61 B 86 A 111 A 136 D 12 A 37 E 62 B 87 E 112 C 137 B 13 C 38 A 63 D 88 B 113 C 138 C 14 C 39 C 64 A 89 E 114 E 139 A 15 E 40 D 65 C 90 D 115 B 140 C 16 B 41 C 66 E 91 A 116 A 141 E 17 C 42 B 67 C 92 B 117 C 142 B 18 E 43 C 68 D 93 D 118 E 143 A 19 B 44 E 69 C 94 D 119 D 144 C 20 C 45 D 70 B 95 B 120 A 145 E 21 E 46 B 71 A 96 A 121 B 146 D 22 E 47 B 72 C 97 B 122 D 147 A 23 D 48 E 73 D 98 C 123 C 148 D 24 B 49 C 74 E 99 E 124 E 149 C 25 C 50 D 75 C 100 C 125 B 150 D

MAY MADNESS!!!!! PRESIDENTIAL BRACKETOLOGY Prior to the beginning of the annual NCAA basketball tournament, the 64 contenders are matched in brackets to determine the order of play in the tournament. Typically, the higher ranked teams play lower ranked teams in the early rounds.

Well, it’s time for Presidential Bracketology (the analysis, and completion, of the competitive matchups to predict the winner). In this case, there are no college basketball teams involved. There are just the 42 men who have served as President of the United States.

Your task is to select the president who, in your opinion, did the better job as chief executive than did his opponent. As you select a winner in each matchup, you advance that winner to his next opponent who has also eliminated an opponent. Eventually, through the process of elimination, you will be selecting the best president in American history.

As you select each winner, you must provide a one-sentence (historically and significantly factually valid) reason for your choice of the winner. In the championship match, between the last two presidents, you must provide a one- paragraph elaboration as to why your choice for winner is superior to all of the others.

There is one other point about your validations. You may not repeat a reason for a president’s victory in his next matches.

The nice part is this is all derived from your educated opinion. The better part is that you must be accurate in your factual evidence for the victory.

PRESIDENTIAL BRACKETOLOGY For each “game” in the brackets, you must pick a “winner” who was the better president. You must also include a one sentence explanation of why the winner was a better president than the man he defeated. This holds true for all of the matchups until you have a champion president. In order to receive full credit for this assignment, you must attach your brackets showing all of your matchups and winners.

Bracket #1 – Round 1 Game Winner Explanation A

C NO GAME D NO GAME E

G NO GAME H

Bracket #1 – Round 2 GAME WINNER EXPLANATION I

J NO GAME K

L Game H winner automatically advances

Bracket #1 Round 3 Game Winner Explanation M

Bracket #2 Round 3 Game Winner Explanation M

Bracket #3 Round 3 Game Winner Explanation M Game I winner automatically advances N

Bracket #1-Round 4 GAME WINNER EXPLANATION O

“THE FINAL THREE” Round 5 GAME WINNER EXPLANATION P Bracket #1 winner versus Bracket #2 winner

P Bracket 3 winner automatically goes to the Final.

CHAMPIONSHIP

______vs.______

Winner ______

Explanation ______

______

Your Name ______

PRESIDENTIAL MATCHUPS Bracket #1

Seed President 1 Lincoln 2 Jackson 3 Reagan 4 Polk 5 Madison 6 J. Adams 7 Kennedy 8 Hayes 9 G. H. W. Bush 10 Coolidge 11 Carter 12 B. Harrison 13 Grant 14 Tyler 15 A. Johnson 16 Garfield

Bracket #2

Seed President 1 FDR 2 TR 3 Truman 4 Polk 5 Monroe 6 McKinley 7 L. Johnson 8 Clinton 9 Van Buren 10 Arthur 11 Hoover 12 Ford 13 Taylor 14 Nixon 15 Pierce 16 Buchanan

Bracket #3 Seed President 1 Washington 2 Jefferson 3 Eisenhower 4 X 5 X 6 Wilson 7 X 8 J. Q. Adams 9 Taft 10 X 11 G. W. Bush 12 X 13 X 14 Fillmore 15 Harding 16 W. H. Harrison

Games:

Round 1: Game Opponents A 1 vs. 16 B 8 vs. 9 C 5 vs. 12 D 4 vs. 13 E 6 vs. 11 F 3 vs. 14 G 7 vs. 10 H 2 vs. 15

Round 2: Game Opponents I Game A winner vs. Game B winner J Game C winner vs. Game D winner K Game E winner vs. Game F winner L Game G winner vs. Game H winner

Round 3: Game Opponents M Game I winner vs. Game J winner N Game K winner vs. Game L winner Round 4: Game Opponents O Game M winner vs. Game N winner

Round 5: Bracket #1 winner vs. Bracket #2 winner Bracket # 3 winner automatically advances

Championship Matchup Winner of Bracket #1 vs. #2 takes on the Bracket #3 winner. REVIEW EXERCISE

Listed here are six time periods, most linked with a president. You need to correctly match the events listed below with the time period in which it occurred or began to occur.

Colonial Era George John Thomas James James Washington Adams Jefferson Madison Monroe

Undeclared naval war with France War of 1812 American Revolution Neutrality Proclamation Louisiana Purchase “War” with Barbary Pirates Purchase of Florida Treaty Non-Intercourse Act Panic of 1819 Bill of Rights adopted “Revolution of 1800” Hartford Convention XYZ Affair Rush-Bagot Treaty Creation of First U.S. Bank Declaration of Independence Midnight Judges “Era of Good Feeling” Burr Conspiracy “O Grab Me!” “Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute” Macon’s Bill No. 2 Genêt Affair Intolerable Acts Chesapeake-Leopard Affair Missouri Compromise Convention of 1818 The Jay Treaty Chronology Review

Match the events below with the proper time period/presidential administration.

A) Early Colonial era 1607-1700 B) Later Colonial era 1701-1764 C) Revolutionary era 1765-1783 D) Crisis Period 1783-1789 E) Washington Administration 1789-1797 F) John Adams Administration 1797-1801 G) Thomas Jefferson Administration 1801-1809 H) James Madison Administration 1809-1817 I) James Monroe Administration 1817-1825 J) John Quincy Adams Administration 1825-1829 K) Andrew Jackson Administration 1829-1837

Events:

___ Northwest Ordinance ___ Undeclared Naval War (France) ___ Chesapeake-Leopard Affair ___ Navigation Acts passed ___ Jay Treaty ___ Burr Conspiracy

___ French and Indian War starts ___ Corrupt Bargain ___ Specie Circular ___ Adams-Onís Treaty ___ Alien and Sedition Acts ___ Salutary Neglect begins

___ Panama Mission ___ Transcontinental Treaty ___ King Philip’s War ___ Nullification Crisis ___ Embargo Act ___ Indian Removal Act

___ Hartford Convention ___ Macon’s Bill No. 2 ___ Sugar Act ___ Bacon’s Rebellion ___ Tariff of Abominations ___ Kentucky/Virginia Resolutions

___ Proclamation of Neutrality ___ Pinckney Treaty ___ Midnight Judges appointments ___ New England Confederation established ___ Era of Good Feeling ___ creation of Second U.S. Bank Chronological Review – Student Sets

Know the chronological order of each set and the decade most associated with the term.

Set one Set two

Declaration of Independence Sherman Anti-Trust Act Virginia-Kentucky Resolutions Halfway Covenant Compromise of 1877 Emancipation Proclamation Embargo Alien and Sedition Acts Adams-Onis Treaty Compromise of 1850 Sumner-Brooks Affair Pinckney Treaty Interstate Commerce Act French and Indian War Mexican American War Gadsden Purchase Nullification Crisis Northwest Ordinance Monroe Doctrine Salem Witch Trials

Set three Set four

Marbury v Madison Homestead Strike

Bacon’s Rebellion Stamp Act Munn v Illinois XYZ Affair Nat Turner’s Rebellion Great Awakening Missouri Compromise The Dominion of New England Corrupt Bargain Military Reconstruction Uncle Tom’s Cabin City on a Hill Mr. Madison’s War Founding of Jamestown Battle of Saratoga Annexation of Texas Whiskey Rebellion Pacific Railway Act

Set five Set six

Redeemer Governments formed McCulloch v Maryland Pennsylvania Founded Intolerable Acts Treaty of Paris 1783 Pendleton Act Louisiana Purchase Battle of Gettysburg Proclamation Act Haymarket Square riot Boston Tea Party Kansas-Nebraska Act Populist Party formed Indian Removal Act Lincoln’s Assassination Treaty of Ghent Bank War Sharecropping begun Great Railway Strike Headright System Chronological Review

In the blank to the left of the items, place a number from 1 to 10 (1=earliest, 10=most recent), placing the items in the correct chronological order. Then, in the blank to the right of the items, write the decade in which the event occurred.

Set one Set two

_____ Bacon’s Rebellion ______Adams-Onis Treaty ______

_____ Intolerable Acts ______The Embargo ______

_____ Boston Tea Party ______Alien and Sedition Acts ______

_____ Stamp Act ______Quasi War with France ______

_____ French and Indian War ______Chesapeake Affair ______

_____ Declaration of Independence ______Midnight Appointments ______

_____ Battle of Saratoga ______Louisiana Purchase ______

_____ Great Awakening ______Pinckney Treaty ______

_____ Articles of Confederation ______Jay Treaty ______

_____ Halfway Covenant ______Establishment of the BUS ______

Set three Set four

_____ Invention of the Cotton Gin ______Manifest Destiny ______

_____ Marbury v Madison ______Ratification of the Constitution ______

_____ Monroe Doctrine ______Second Great Awakening ______

_____ McCulloch v. Maryland ______Compromise of 1850 ______

_____ Corrupt Bargain ______The Dominion of New England ______

_____ Missouri Compromise ______Trail of Tears ______

_____ Chartering of the Second BUS ______Northwest Ordinance ______

_____ Mr. Madison’s War ______XYZ Affair ______

_____ Tariff of Abominations ______Bleeding Kansas ______

_____ Treaty of Ghent ______“City on a Hill” ______over Set five Set six

_____ Mexican-American War ______Townshend Acts ______

_____ Republican Party formed ______First American Party System ______

_____ Kansas-Nebraska Act ______Articles of Confederation ______

_____ Lincoln-Douglas Debates ______Indian Removal Act ______

_____ Dred Scott v Sandford ______Northwest Ordinance ______

_____ Harper’s Ferry ______Compromise of 1850 ______

_____ California admission ______Common Sense ______

_____ Wilmot Proviso ______Battle of Yorktown ______

_____ Summer-Brooks Affair ______Oregon acquired ______

_____ Crittenden Compromise ______Bank War ______Presidential Administration with Historical Significance Write the last name of the presidential administration most associated with each of the following terms in the blank to the left. In one clear, concise sentence give the historical significance of each term.

______A. Philip Randolph threatened March on Washington

______Whiskey Rebellion

______Bank War

______Pendleton Act

______Spanish-American War

______XYZ Affair

______Federal Reserve Act

______13th amendment

______Fair Deal

______Economic Opportunity Act

______Integration of the Armed Forces

______Missouri Compromise

______Homestead Act

______Wounded Knee

______Interstate Highway Act

______National Defense Education Act

______South Carolina Exposition

______Embargo

______Acquisition of Oregon

______End of Reconstruction

______Washington Naval Conference

______Watergate

______Square Deal

______Panama Canal

______Panama Canal Treaty

______California admitted as a free state ______Corrupt Bargain

______Sherman Anti-Trust Act

______Marbury v Madison

______Antietam

______Open Door policy

______U-2 Incident

______Chesapeake Affair

______Teapot Dome

______War Powers Act

______McCarthyism

______Cross of Gold speech

______Erie Canal completed

______Pinckney Treaty

______Hartford Convention

______Battle of Little Big Horn

______16th amendment

______Tenure of Office Act

______Monroe Doctrine

______Louisiana Purchase

______Montgomery Bus Boycott

______Interstate Commerce Act

______Fourteen Points

______New Frontier

______Dollar Diplomacy

______Annexation of Texas

______Nullification Crisis

______Treaty of Ghent

______Worcester v Georgia ______19th amendment

______New Deal

______New immigration surpasses old immigration

______Tet Offensive

______Jay Treaty

______American System

______John Brown’s Raid

______18th Amendment

______Sputnik

______Camp David Accords

______Manifest Destiny

______Nat Turner’s Rebellion

______Korean War

______Three Mile Island

______Flappers

______Seneca Falls Convention

______CCC

______Iran-Contra Scandal

______New Freedom

______Homestead Strike

______Brinkmanship

______Massive Resistance

______Voting rights act

______Quasi war with France

______Irish Immigration

______First American Party System

______Dred Scott v Sandford

______Mexican Cession ______Dawes Act

______Plessy v Ferguson

______Brown v Board of Education

______Fair Labor Standards Act

______Battle of Midway

______Lend-Lease Act

______Baby Boom

______Affirmative Action

______Scopes Trial

______Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

______Creel Committee

______The Lost Generation

______Kansas-Nebraska Act

______Triple Wall of Privilege

______Bay of Pigs

______Cuban Missile Crisis

______Tennessee Valley Authority

______Pure Food and Drug Administration

______Log Cabin and Hard Cider Campaign

______NATO

______Northwest Ordinance

______Transcendentalism

______Sharecropping

______Free Soil Party

______Reservationists

______United Nations

______Bank Holiday

______Marshall Plan Historical Terminology

Indentured servants Trade and Navigation Acts Mayflower compact Roger Williams Halfway Covenant Salem Witch Trials William Penn Peter Zenger Trial George Whitfield Mercantilism Bacon’s Rebellion Middle Passage House of Burgesses Anne Hutchinson Iroquois Confederacy Headright System Salutary Neglect Albany Plan James Oglethorpe Proclamation of 1763 Olive Branch Petition Pontiac’s Rebellion Stamp Act Congress Townshend Acts Coercive Acts Boston Tea Party Non-importation Agreements Virtual Representation Sons of Liberty Tea Act Monroe Doctrine Corrupt Bargain Marbury v Madison Embargo BUS Tecumseh Virginia-Kentucky Resolutions Jay Treaty Pinckney Treaty Whiskey Rebellion Shays’ Rebellion Northwest Ordinance Lowell System Erie Canal War Hawks Hartford Convention American System Assumption Seneca Falls Convention Trail of Tears Dorothea Dix Hinton Helper William Lloyd Garrison Popular Sovereignty Maine Laws Prigg v Pennsylvania Free Soilers Cult of Domesticity Ostend Manifesto Removal of Deposits Apologist View of Slavery Homestead Act Nature of the Union Black Codes Bread and Butter Unionism Plessy v Ferguson Populist Party AFL Sharecropping Social Gospel Dawes Act Sherman Anti-Trust Act Interstate Commerce Act Knight of Labor Jim Crow Laws Turner Thesis Horizontal Integration Vertical Integration Battle of Wounded Knee Civil Service Act Grange Framer’s Alliances Injunction Coxey’s Army Chinese Exclusion Act Redeemers Social Darwinism Carpetbaggers Cross of Gold Speech J. P. Morgan Thomas Nast Historical Terminology

____Mayflower compact 1. secured the right of deposit at New Orleans

____Halfway Covenant 2. laws violating the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment

____George Whitefield 3. it’s suppression demonstrated the government would enforce its laws

____Bacon’s Rebellion 4. established freedom of religion in Rhode Island

____Coercive Acts 5. major banker of the late 19th century

____Monroe Doctrine 6. notion that only the most fit businesses should survive

____Virginia-Kentucky Resolutions 7. made “separate but equal” constitutional

____Pinckney Treaty 8. Adams became president, Clay became Secretary of State

____Shays’ Rebellion 9. sought public works programs for unemployed during Panic of 1893

____Lowell System 10. made Virginians more fearful of freed indentured servants

____American System 11. its 160 acres encouraged western settlement on the Great plains

____Bread and butter unionism 12. factory system of the early industrial revolution

____Populist Party 13. caused by Jackson’s failure to honor Worcester v Georgia decision

____Dawes Act 14. major farm organization of “swing” states

____Interstate Commerce Act 15. Native American uprising following the French and Indian War

____Jim Crow Laws 16. British attempts to enforce mercantilistic system

____Horizontal integration 17. closed the Western Hemisphere to further European colonization

____Battle of Wounded Knee 18. philosophy of the American Federation of Labor

____Grange 19. secured British removal from the Northwest forts

____Social Darwinism 20. Pendleton Act resulting from Garfield’s assassination

____Trade and Navigation Acts 21. controlling all of the outlets for selling a given product

____Roger Williams 22. discredited the Federalist party

____Salem Witch Trials 23. 1880s enactment designed to breakdown tribal power

____Albany Plan 24. failed attempt at uniting the colonies prior to the American Revolution

____Proclamation of 1763 25. showed conflict between commercial/agrarian interest in Puritan town

____Pontiac’s Rebellion 26. British retaliation for Boston Tea Party

____Corrupt Bargain 27. Clay attempt to create a national market economy

____Jay Treaty 28. proposed the compact theory of government

____Whiskey Rebellion 29. established the principle of majority rule

____Northwest Ordinance 30. demonstrated the inability of the Arrt. of Con. to maintain order ____Hartford Convention 31. favored government ownership of railroads

____Trail of Tears 32. Great Awakening preacher

____Homestead Act 33. first attempt of the federal government to regulate railroads

____Plessy v Ferguson 34. believed American history is understood by looking at the frontier

____Social Gospel 35. indication that the “city on a hill” was breaking down

____Sherman Anti-Trust Act 36. middle class responsibility to uplift the poor

____Turner Thesis 37. established system by which territories become states

____Civil Service Act 38. used more against labor unions than big business

____Coxey’s Army 39. 1760s British attempt to end salutary neglect

____J.P Morgan 40. symbolic end of Indian resistance