Jerzy Bejnarowicz, Lukwik Bejnarowicz, and Melchior Pietrusewicz

I. Bejnarowicz/Pietrusiewicz Possible Early Ancestors, The Lives of Stanisław and Antonina, and The Life of Edward Bejnarowicz/Beyna up to His Marriage in October, 1939

Jerzy Bejnarowicz, Lukwik Bejnarowicz, and Melchior Pietrusewicz: These three men are possible ancestors of Stanisław Bejnarowicz and Antonina Pietrusiewicz, parents of Edward Bejnarowicz. We have excerpts from the national archives in Vilnius, Lithuania, which Larry obtained from a colleague’s wife when he made a business trip to Vilnius in the mid-1990s. The excerpts are in Polish, and we have a few small pieces translated by Krystyna Malesa (a friend) in May 1996 with her question marks/comments in italics: Excerpts from the Archives in Vilnius, Lithuania: “Beynarowicz. According to old sources, such as Niesiecki and Kuropatnicki (authors), this house was not written up or described. However, the name is signed at the general congress of lands and districts in 1700 at Olkinik(i)?: Jerzy Beynarowicz of the Lida district. Also, mention of Lukwik Beynarowicz as court vice-regent, in Kijow in 1793. Source: Herwiel.” (Krystyna wonders if maybe Kijow is Kiev, and whether Her.wiel is a book on coats of arms. She also notes that Lida is a city in Bielorussia now, south of Vilnius, and Kiev would be in the Ukraine of course, if it is the same name.) “Pietruszewicz. Melchior Pietruszewicz – city scribe in Upit(a)(?), tax collector in that land (province?) (appointed?) by parliament in 1601.” More of Krystyna’s 5/31/1996 comments in a letter to Larry Beyna: The “y” vs. “j” in Beynarowicz is clear to me. Old names were often written with a “y” in old Polish, e.g., “Zamoyski,” which means “nobility.” Now, with standardized spelling, one would write “j” as your grandfather spelled his name. It is coincidence that he returned to “y” due to English phonetics. (Larry’s comment: to our knowledge Stanisław Bejnarowicz never used “y” nor did his son, Edward, except when he shortened the name to Beyna.) I don’t know, however, if one could document the connection between the name Beynart and Beynarowicz. The margin note in Lithuanian (made by the archive staffer) says this is a “polonized” version of Beynart, which would bring you into the Abdank coat of arms (herb). By the way, the “Her.Wiel at the end of many paragraphs is, I believe, a reference to a book of coats of arms, i.e., a source work, this being an abbreviation for Herby Wielkie, the “big” or “great” coat of arms. (Some notes say “Mat.”: mate?, which means small or lesser.) The names which belonged to a “herb” say “herbu Pogonia” e.g., which (unfortunately!) is not written after Beynarowicz. However, Beynart has “herbu Abdank.” (Comment from Larry Beyna: Actually, now, 18 years after Krystyna wrote all of this, I Googled the Abdank coat of arms and found the names Bejnarowicz and Beynarowicz among the 688 family names that fall under Abdank. More about Abdank below.) Interestingly, Kasimir (another friend), who looked at this, says that Beynart is not a Lithuanian name by origin, and might be Hungarian! The plot thickens. In fact, some landowners in Lithuania came from Hungary, he says. Frankly, I don’t see the connection to Lithuania at all. This goes back very far, but the names found in documents in the early 1700’s are definitely Polish (first names spelled as today)….The

1 boundaries of Eastern Poland changed several times, but I think one can assume these were Poles even if the land wasn’t under Polish jurisdiction. (One would have to look at a map from those times.)… On your grandmother’s side, a similar story. After the name Pietruszewicz it doesn’t say “herbu ____,” but the note in the margin in p. 28 (of the archives excerpt), he says the nearest form he sees is “Pietruszewski,” which he calls a “variant.” Again, I don’t know if one could document this, and proof would come through a genealogy. My mother says that the Library of Congress also has books with old Polish coats of arms… The margin notes in Lithuanian just say what I’ve written: polonized version, p. 17, and “variant” on p. 28. The rest is an explanation that families were grouped together under one coat of arms (p. 3 and 28). The note on p. 297 says that “Pietruszewicz” was rarely found, an “unusual” form maybe just because there is only one reference given. To the Left is an old photo found among family photos owned by Edward Beyna (Bejnarowicz). We do not know who the three persons are nor where the photo was taken. The goat suggests a rural home, and the samovar on the table suggests a possible Russian origin.

Stanisław Bejnarowicz (also known as Stanislaus, Stanislas, and Stanley in various documents) B: 8/16/1877, Pinsk or possibly Vilno, Poland; D: 6/15/1938, Chicago, IL Stanisław’s parents were Rudolph Bejnarowicz and Elizabeth Novicha, who, as stated in several documents, were both born in Wilno, Poland. However, there is mention of Pinsk in one document for each of Stanisław and Antonina. Pinsk is in modern-day Byelorus (but was once part of Poland), and it is about 200 miles southeast of Vilnius, so it is plausible that Stanisław and Antonina came from there. And when they said “Wilno,” they may have been referring not to the city but to an area/region that was once part of Poland.) Abdank Coat of Arms: As noted above, the names Bejnarowicz and Beynarowicz share the Abdank coat of arms with 686 other family names. The Abdank coat of arms is described on the next page.

2 As of now, we do not know whether Stanisław had any siblings. (Comment from Larry Beyna: I never heard my father, Edward, talk about any aunts or uncles on his father’s side. He did talk about an aunt on his mother’s side, who lived in Germany, and that was most likely, Maria Segler, described below.) Antonina Bejnarowicz/nee Pietrusiewicz/Pietrusewicz (also known as Antonia and Antoinette in various documents) B: 1/23/1886, in Wilno (or Pinsk), Poland; D: 8/10/1956, Chicago, IL Prus I Coat of Arms: The name Pietrusewicz (not Pietrusiewicz) shares the Prus I coat of arms, along with 387 other family names, including Prus (i.e., the family in which Józef Pruś) and Wisniewski (one of the family names in the Wawskiewicz-Ogrodowski family tree for Barbara Wasz Beyna). This coat of arms is described in “II. Pruś/Prush/Samborski Up to Joan’s Marriage.” As of 11/2015, we do not know who Antonina’s parents were. Unfortunately, her death certificate did not provide her parents’ names—incorrectly, it listed Stanley Bejnarowicz as her father (!) and her mother was listed as “unknown.” We do know, however, that, at the time of her death, she had at least one surviving sister, Maria (Segler), in Germany, and one brother, Adam, in Poland. They were mentioned—along with Edward, Joanna, and Ronald, Richard, and Larry—in an obituary for Antonina Bejnarowicz in one of the Chicago Polish Newspapers in 1956. Whether she had any other siblings who pre-deceased her is uncertain. In an email to Larry Beyna, Ronald Beyna wrote the following: “There are ______

3 ______two letters sent in 1947 to Dad (i.e., Edward Beyna), one from Yohann and Maria, and the other with no name. The postmarks are “ZEUTH” with the rest obliterated. I Googled “ZEUTH” and got this: ‘Zeuthen is a municipality in the district of Dahme-Spreewald in Brandenburg, Germany.’ The letters are in Polish and difficult to read. Also, in one of the letters is a note: ‘Segler, Wilhelm, Moskau, UdSSR.’” (Comment from Larry Beyna: “Moskau” is German for “Moscow,” and “UdSSR” stands for Union der Sozialistischen Sowjetrepubliken in German, i.e., the USSR. It appears that part of Brandenburg state was part of East Germany after WWII.) Stanisław and Antonina: They married in 1900 or 1901 in Poland. Per references in a few documents, he first emigrated to the US in 1909 and she came in 1910. (Comment from Larry: I cannot find any immigration documents for these first entries into the U.S. The only documents I could find relate to their second entry with their son, Edward, in 1923. I understand that there are many entry points into the U.S., e.g., Baltimore, Boston, from Canada, etc., so each of them may have first entered the U.S. at a place other than Ellis Island, which is where they and Edward entered in 1923.) They lived in Chicago, Illinois, and had a son, Edward Victor Bejnarowicz, who was born on 7/27/1914. (More about Edward below.) According to Stanisław’s WWI draft registration at Chicago Local Board No. 34 at 1432 Leavitt St., taken by Anna Rakslang (sp.?) on 9/12/1918: He lived at 1431 N. Campbell Ave., Chicago, at that time; He was born in Wilno, Russia (!); he worked as a machinist at Wallace Supply Co. on 412 Orleans Street in Chicago; He was married to Antonia (note spelling) Bejnarowicz; he was a “declared alien,” was relatively “tall,” had “medium” build, and had “brown” eyes and hair. (Wilno, then called Vilnius, was annexed by Russia in 1795, during the Third Partition of Poland. It remained in Russia until after WWII, when it became the capital of Lithuania.) Stanisław, Antonina, and Edward returned to Poland around 1920. (Comment from Larry: I believe it was around 1920 because, on the “List or Manifest of Alien Passengers for the U.S. Immigration Officer at Port of Arrival,” which they completed on the ship Berengaria during their return voyage in 1923, Stanisław and Antonina said that they had lived in the U.S. before, from 1909-1920; so, it seems they returned to Poland sometime around 1920. They had to have left the U.S. for Poland after 9/12/1918, because Stanisław registered for the WWI draft at that time. I remember hearing that Stanisław wanted to start his own manufacturing business in Poland. Their time in Poland was apparently during a very tumultuous period of history after the end of WWI; and they got caught up in a famine. According to a 5/26/1968 article in the Chicago Tribune—“The Time We Went to Lenin’s Aid,” by Henry C. Wolfe— there was a terrible drought in Russia in the summer of 1921. Edward gave the article to Ron, his son, and stated that he and his parents were affected by the drought and resulting famine throughout Russia.) Do we have more details about what Stanisław, Antonina and Edward experienced while back in Europe? Stanisław, Antonina and Edward returned to the U.S. from Wilno/Vilno, Poland, when they were 46, 40 and 9 years old, respectively. They left Southhampton, England, on 7/7/1923 on the ship Berengaria (Cunard Line), and arrived at Ellis Island, New York, NY, on 7/23/1923, so the trans-Atlantic voyage took 16 days. According to the “Names and Descriptions of ALIEN Passengers Embarked at the Port of Southampton” for Cunard Line’s Berengaria, there were 83 adult, 19 child, and two infant aliens on the ship. (They had traveled from Poland to London on the ship “Kolplino/Kolpino [sp.?]”.) On the Berengaria’s manifest, dated 7/7/1923, and apparently completed while they were aboard the ship: Stanisław reported himself as a “machinist.” They listed as their nearest relative in the country

4 from whence they came: a sister, Marya Segler , who lived on Songstrasse 29 in Berlin. (Comment from Larry: As mentioned earlier, Antonina had a sister named Maria, who lived in Germany at the time of Antonina’s death. This is very likely the same Maria/Marya. I recall Edward, our father, corresponding with an aunt in Germany, so this person is likely the one with whom he corresponded.) They also stated that they were going to join a brother (Stanisław’s or Antonina’s?), Martin Titems (also listed as “Timens”), who lived at 10442 2nd Ave., Chicago. I can’t find anything on this person.) They had $15 to their name upon arrival. Both Stanisław and Antonina said they were born in Pinsk, Wilno, Poland. (Comment from Larry: Apparently, Wilno was both a city and a province in Poland at the time, and Pinsk was probably in the Wilno Province.) Both Stanisław and Antonina were both 5’5”, and had dark hair and blue eyes. Stanisław had an enlarged thyroid gland, and Edward had a septic blister and cellulitis on his left foot upon arrival. They said that they--Stanisław and Antonina—had been in the U.S. before, from 1909 to 1920, and that Edward was a U.S. citizen, born in 1914. Their passenger identification numbers were 602107060082, 602107060083, and 602107060084, for Stanisław, Antonina, and Edward, respectively. According to Stanley’s later petition for naturalization (see below), he and the family were living in Chicago as of three days after arriving in the U.S. On 8/1/1923, nine days after returning to the U.S., Stanisław, at the age of 45, filed a Declaration of Intention to become a naturalized citizen with the U.S. Department of Labor Naturalization Service. In that declaration, which he swore before a Deputy Clerk of the U.S. District Court, he described himself as the following: white, with dark complexion, brown hair and brown eyes; born in Wilno, Poland on 8/16/1877; residing at 1880 N. Boydon Ave., Chicago, Ill.; having emigrated from Danzig on the Berengaria and arrived in New York, New York, on 7/13/1923 (but we know it was 7/23/1923); having a last foreign residence in Poland; being a “machinist”; and being married to Antonina, who was born in Poland and resided in Chicago. Also in that sworn declaration, Stanisław stated his “bona fide intention to renounce forever all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state or sovereignty, and particularly to The Republic of Poland, of whom I am now a subject.” He also declared in standard language on the form at that time: “I am not an anarchist; I am not a polygamist nor a believer in the practice of polygamy; and it is my intention in good faith to become a citizen of the United States of America and to permanently reside therein: SO HELP ME GOD.” After the requisite five years since filing the Declaration of Intention, Stanley Bejnarowicz (he was now using the name “Stanley”) filed his petition for naturalization on 9/5/1928, on a form from the U.S. Department of Labor Naturalization Service and sworn before a Deputy Clerk of the U.S. District Court. The petition repeated much of the information on the Declaration, but it also mentioned his and Antonina’s son, Edward, born on 7/7/1914 (but we know Edward was born on 7/27/1914), and that the family was residing at 2121 N. Leavitt Street, Chicago, IL. Stanley’s petition was witnessed by Martha Trykowski, 1912 N. Hoyne Ave, Chicago, and Ludwik Janczukowicz, 2121 N. Leavitt St., Chicago. About four months later, Stanley Bejnarowicz became a naturalized citizen on January 8, 1929, when he was 51 years old. At that time he still lived at 2121 N. Leavitt St., Chicago. While we do not have a copy of the formal certificate (as we do for Józef Prus), we have documentation in the “US Naturalization Record Indexes, 1791-1992,” (Certificate # p.62460-cn.3010217) and a similar copy of the same. According to the “1930 U.S. Census”: Stanley was 52, Antoinette 45, and Edward 15 at the time. Edward’s birth was listed as “about 1915” (but we know that he was born on 7/27/1914). They lived at 1225 N. Rockwell Street, Chicago, at the time. Stanley and Antoinette stated that they got married when he was 23 and she was 16. (Comment from Larry: So, we can conclude that they married around 1900-01, before first emigrating from Poland to the U.S.) Stanley and Antoinette stated that both of

5 their sets of parents had been born in Poland. Stanley was a “stone planer” in a stone yard in Chicago and Antoinette was not employed. Both of them could read and write, and they both spoke Polish and could speak English. Stanley was a naturalized citizen, and Antoinette was an alien. Edward attended school. The family paid $30/month rent in an apartment. They did not own a “radio set.” According to several documents, Stanley Bejnarowicz died at age 60 very early in the morning of 6/15/1938. He died at Cook County Hospital, where he had been hospitalized for over four months. According to his death certificate, Stanley died of a “peptic ulcer with pyloric obstruction,” with other contributory causes being “alkalosis and dilatation of stomach.” Stanley was listed as a machinist, who had last worked in 3/1938. His wife was Antonina and his parents were listed as Rudolph Bejnarowicz and Elizabeth Nowicha, both born in Wilno, Poland. Stanley was “waked” at Joseph N. Altman Funeral Home (2649 Hirsch Ave., Chicago), and on 6/18/1938, had a funeral Mass at St. Fidelis Church (1400 N. Washtenaw Ave., Chicago) and was buried in Section W.K., Lot 1982, at St. Adalbert Cemetery in Niles, IL. Pall bearers included Ignatz Paszkiewicz, an old friend of the family and father of Steve Paszkiewicz, Edward’s lifelong friend. At the time of his death, he lived at 1252 N. Artesian in Chicago, and he was a machinist. His father was listed as Rudolph Bejnarowicz and his mother as Elizabeth Nowicha, both having been born in Wilno, Poland. His spouse was listed as Antonina. (Interesting fact: Edward likely lived at that address, which was less than a block from 1312 N. Artesian, where his future wife, Joan, lived.) Joan Prush and her parents, Aniela and Józef, gave Mass cards at the funeral—a fact that indicates Joan and Edward were close to each other more than a year before their marriage in 10/1939. According to the “U.S. Census, 1940”: Antonina Bejnarowicz lived alone at 1252 N. Artesian, Chicago. (Her husband had died two years before and her son had married in 1939.) The information given for this record was provided by a neighbor, so apparently Antonina was not at home at the time, and it might not be accurate: her highest grade of school completed was 3rd, she had been living at the same address in 1935, and she did not work outside the home. (Comment from Larry: We do not have any record of a Social Security number for Antonina; it appears, therefore, that never worked outside the home in the U.S.) At some point after 1940, Antonina was hospitalized for depression at Manteno State Hospital in rural Manteno Township, Kankakee County, Illinois. (See Appendix 1 for details and history of the hospital.) It is not clear how long she stayed there. In 3/1950, Edward and Joan bought a new house at 3354 N. Nottingham, Chicago, and the family moved there from Artesian Street. Very soon after that, Edward applied for and secured for his mother a one-year conditional release from Manteno and brought her to live with the family. After the one year expired, the conditional discharge was terminated, and on 5/12/1951, Antoinette (Antonina) was discharged from the hospital. From then on, she lived with Edward, Joan and their three sons until her death in 1956.

6 Antonina died at the age of 70 in the early morning of 8/10/1956, at Cook County Hospital in Chicago. According to her death certificate, Antoinette Bejnarowicz died of Diabetes Mellitus after a stay of four weeks in the hospital. Her birthdate was listed as 1/23/1886, her occupation was listed as “housework” and she did not have a Social Security number. This indicates that she was never formally employed while living in the U.S. Antonina was waked at Smoluch Funeral Home (3800 Elston Avenue, Chicago) and, after a funeral mass at St. Priscilla Church (Chicago), she was buried on 8/13/1956 beside her husband at St. Adalbert Cemetery (Niles, IL). According to the book of memories of Antonina’s funeral, visitors at the wake included Joan’s cousins, Alice Pociask and Helene Kott (both nee Bawelek); Ray Rosene (Edward’s long- time friend), Mr. and Mrs. I. J. Paszkiewicz (long-time family friends), and the Gardula Family (long-time friends of Joan and Edward). (Remembrance from Larry Beyna: I can’t offer any memories of my grandfather, Stanisław, because he died before I was born. I remember Antonina – my grandmother/”Busia”—as a very sad, depressed woman the six years or so that I knew her. From personal experience, I know that she suffered from serious depression for many years. She also suffered from diabetes, I believe, as did Edward in his later years. In her later years, her son Edward brought her from Manteno State Hospital to live with him, his wife Joan, my two brothers and me at after we moved into our new house at 3354 N. Nottingham Ave., Chicago, in 3/1950, when I was four-and-a half years old. Our father, Edward, who was very devoted to her, wanted her with the family now that we had room. We saw very little of Busia because she confined herself to her 2nd floor, front bedroom (with door closed), and emerged only to use the bathroom she shared with Ron, who had the other upstairs bedroom; to take out her garbage; and to come downstairs to watch an occasional opera on TV. She had a hot plate and cooked her meals and ate in the bedroom. Whenever we did see her, she remained sadly silent, and, as children, we never understood the deep depression that engulfed her for so many years—or if there were specific reasons that underlay it. Whenever the Good Humor Ice Cream truck came down the street, my Dad would give me money to buy a cup of strawberry ice cream for Busia and something for myself. I would timidly knock on Busia’s door and announce that I had ice cream, and she would crack it open, take the ice cream, say “Thank you,” and close the door again. I remember one incident when we three boys were home alone and Busia came to the lower level of the house where we were making noise, grabbed a kitchen knife, waved it at us and told us to be quiet. We were stunned, as it was not at all like her. I remember Busia being carried out of the house by ambulance staff in August, 1956, when she became gravely ill from diabetes, I believe. She died in the hospital shortly afterward. Our Dad asked the three of us sons—Ron, Rich and me—to serve as altar boys for her funeral mass at St. Priscilla Church. It was a sad event, especially so for our Dad.) Edward Victor Bejnarowicz (also known in later years as Beyna) prior to his marriage in October, 1939: B: 7/27/1914, Chicago, IL; D: 4/14/1988, Chicago, IL Born in 1914 in Chicago, he was the only child of Stanisław and Antonina Bejnarowicz. (Comment from Larry: I recall our Dad telling us that he had also had a brother and a sister, both of whom died as children. I also recall our mother telling us it was not true, and we have no evidence to verify our

7 father’s claim. Edward’s birth certificate states that one child—i.e., Edward—was born alive and was still living, and there were no children born alive but now dead. So, if Edward had any other siblings, there are three possibilities: (1) they were born before Edward, in Poland, during the years between Stanisław and Antonina’s marriage around 1900-1901 and their first entry into the U.S. around 1910 (and records of their births and deaths are somewhere in Poland); (2) they were born after Edward, in Poland during the few years in the early 1920s when Edward’s parents were there with Edward; or (3) they were born and died in the U.S. sometime after Edward and his parents returned from Poland in 1923, and we have yet to discover records to that effect.) Edward Bejnarowicz’s certificate and record of birth states that he was born in Chicago at Marshfield and Cornell and he was delivered by Emily Makowski, most likely a midwife. (Comment from Larry: The birth certificate says that, if the birth occurred in a hospital or institution, the name of the hospital should be given. However, the stated place of birth was Marshfield and Cornell, which is the same address given as the residence of his father and mother, Stanley and Antonina. Stanley was a 30-year- old machinist and Antonina was a 24-year-old housewife at the time of Edward’s birth, and they stated that they were born in Russia. Curiously, Edward’s birth certificate was filed by Emily Makowski on 5/5/1922, almost eight years after he was born. (Comment from Larry: It is likely the family needed a copy of the birth certificate because they returned to Poland around 1920-21 or later [as Ron Beyna believes] and would need proof of Edward’s U.S. citizenship when coming back into the U.S. in 1923. Yet one more mystery.) According to his father’s draft registration (9/12/1918), he lived with his parents at 1431 N. Campbell Ave., Chicago. He was about 6-7 years old, around 1920, when his parents returned to Poland and took him with them….(Comment from Larry: See write-up about Stanisław and Antonina for a little information about their experience during the next few years until their return in 1923. All his life, Edward was committed to wasting absolutely no food, eating everything on one’s plate, and never going to Smorgasbord all- you-can-eat restaurants because they encouraged gluttony. When the whole family dined together typically on Sundays and some evenings, he would not allow his children—Ron, Rich and me—to leave the table until we had eaten all the food on our plates. I believe that this attitude was born of his having lived through the famine in Poland [Lithuania, Russia?) in the early 1920’s and, probably the Great Depression of the 1930’s. I also remember that Edward could speak a good bit of Russian, and he would converse with me when I was studying Russian in college. I am speculating that he learned his Russian during his family’s sojourn in Poland/Lithuania/Russia in the early 1920’s.) Edward returned to the U.S. when he was 9 years old (nearly 10). He and his parents arrived at New York, NY, from Southhampton, England, on the ship, Berengaria, on 7/23/1923. (See additional information under entry for his parents, above.) According to the “1930 U.S. Census,” Edward and his parents lived at 1225 N. Rockwell Street, Chicago, at that time. It is not clear as to whether Edward attended the first three years of elementary school, and if he did, where and when. After his return to the U.S. in 1923, however, he did attend St. Hedwig elementary

8 school, located at 2124 Webster Avenue, Chicago, from 9/1923 (start of 4th Grade) through 6/1928 (end of 8th Grade). (Comment from Larry: We have Edward’s report cards from St. Hedwig [in Polish] for all those years except the 7th Grade; we have no reason to believe, however, that he did not attend 7th grade—we just do not have the documentation.) At St. Hedwig, his tuition costs were $.60/month for the first year and $.75 for the remaining years. He missed school for a total of four days during the 4th, 5th, 6th and 8th grades, the four years for which absences were recorded on our documents. Given Edward’s attendance at St. Hedwig School, it is quite certain that his family belonged to the parish of St. Hedwig Church. (Comment from Larry Beyna: In our documents, we have an interesting article about the history of the church, which includes a fiery chapter of a power grab by a Polish priest, revolt of women parishioners, schism and excommunication, in the late 1800s, long before the Bejnarowicz family joined the parish.) Subjects that Edward had at St. Hedwig (which we assume were typical of a Roman Catholic school in a predominantly Polish neighborhood at that time) in all the grades for which we have records included the following: catechism/religion, Polish reading and grammar, English reading, English grammar, geography, history of the U.S., and writing. In three or fewer of the four years for which we have records, Edward studied the following: history of the saints, Polish history, arithmetic, spelling, singing, exercising (?), civics, syllabication (?), accounting, and painting. Edward was a good student while at St. Hedwig School. In the 4th Grade, his grades in academics and “neatness” gradually improved from September to June from mostly 70s (Average) to all 100s (Very Good); in 5th Grade, they improved from 70s, 80s (Sufficient), and 90s (Good) in September to all 90s and 100s; his 6th-Grade grades improved from 70s, 80s, and 90s in September to almost all 100s in June; and in the 8th Grade, his scores improved from all 90s-100s to all 100s by June. From 9/1928 through 6/1932, Edward attended Murray F. Tuley High School in Chicago. (This is the same high school that Joan Prush, Edward’s future wife, attended. Joan attended for only two years, from 9/1930 through 6/1932, the last two years when Edward was there.) While at Tuley, Edward studied English and Latin and had gym for all four years, music for two years, and each of the following for one or a half a year: physiology, algebra, geometry, zoology, physics, history, economics, civics, English history, drawing, singing, Virgil (presumably an advanced Latin course), and M. DR. (?—might this have been military drill?). Every semester he was graded on deportment, and he appears to have done well in that area. While at Tuley, his grades ranged from Fair to Excellent in the first semester of his freshman year to Good to Superior in the second semester of his senior year. Edward graduated from Tuley High School on 6/17/1932. Edward then went on in 1932-33 for two semesters at Crane Community College, in the Language and Arts School. He took courses in English (101 and 102), Psychology (101), Algebra (101), German (101 and 102), Literature (121), Mathematics (122), European History, and Gym. He received “superior” grades in German and Gym, and received grades of “Good” or “Medium” (average) in all the other courses. Shortly after only one year of community college and during the height of the Great Depression, Edward joined the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), a public work relief program that operated from 1933 to

9 1942 for unemployed, unmarried men from relief families as part of the New Deal. Originally for young men, ages 18-23, it was eventually expanded to young men, ages 17-28. Under the CCC, enrollees planted 3 billion trees to reforest America, constructed more than 800 parks nationwide, and upgraded most state parks, updated forest fire fighting methods, and build a network of service buildings and public roadways in remote areas. Edward served in Company 1659, at the Mt. Sterling Camp in Rushville, Illinois. From a home pass given to him we know that he was in the CCC before and after December 1-4, 1933. So, he must have enrolled shortly after the CCC was established in 1933. He later had a job with Morrow’s Nut House in Chicago around 1934, so it appears that he left the CCC sometime in 1934. (Comment from Larry: I have a 17-page article on the CCC from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Among the sports that enrollees engaged in was boxing, and Edward once told his son, Ron, that he was a boxer in the CCC and apparently accidentally killed a fellow enrollee in a boxing match. As long as I knew him, he loved to watch boxing matches on TV.) Edward’s early jobs: (1) At some time, he worked for a cigarette company, and sold cigarettes. He told his sons that he was required to smoke on the job; and smoking became a lifelong habit. (2) He worked for Morrow’s Nut House, a chain of nut shops located in downtown Chicago (from as early as 1934 to around 1952.) Morrow’s Nut House (“not Inc.”), with headquarters at 36 W. Washington St., Chicago, was owned by Howard, Frank and Bob Morrow and the estate of Rose C. Belden. A company motto was “There are just nuts about us.” (Comment from Larry: Edward was a good friend of one or more of the Morrow brothers. He and Joan visited with them on a trip out West in 1944 (?); and I recall spending a vacation with one of the Morrow families at their beachfront home on the Michigan side of Lake Michigan in the late 1940s- early-1950s.) Edward’s Social Security number was 322-05-7146.I It is not clear when Edward and Joan Prush started dating or when they became engaged. As mentioned above, they both attended Tuley High School and apparently were there at the same time for a few years; they lived near each other on Artesian Avenue in Chicago in the late 1930s, Joan and her parents were among the mourners at Stanisław’s funeral in 1938; and in 2/1939, Joan sent Edward a Valentine card from her address at 1312 N. Artesian to his address at 1252 N. Artesian. On 10/14/1939, Edward V. Bejnarowicz (Beyna) and Joan Prush (Pruś) were married at St. Fidelis Church near their homes. More about Edward’s marriage to Joan and the years that followed is described in

10 “III. Bejnarowicz/Beyna--The Lives of Edward and Joan from Their Marriage up to Their Deaths and the Lives of Ronald, Richard, and Larry Bejnarowicz/Beyna up to Their Marriages.” Basic information about Stanisław, Antonina and Edward Bejnarowicz is presented in the attached Bejnarowicz/Pietrusiewicz Family Tree. Summary of Known Addresses for Stanisław, Antonina and Edward Bejnarowicz: 7/27/1914: Marshfield and Cornell, Chicago, IL. This is the earliest address that we have, and it was recorded on Edward’s birth certificate. (This one is questionable, because, as of 2015, both streets ran parallel to each other [north-south] and were some distance apart.) 8/1/1923: 1880 Boyden Avenue, Chicago, IL. This address was on Stanisław’s petition for naturalization, recorded eight days after the family’s return to the U.S. from Europe. Circa 1927-28: 1876 N. Hoyne Avenue, Chicago, IL. This address was on Edward’s 8th-Grade Report Card from St. Hedwig School. At least 9/5/1928 to at least 1/8/1929: 2121 N. Leavitt Street, Chicago, IL. These addresses were on Stanisław’s naturalization documents. 1930: 1225 N. Rockwell St., Chicago, IL. This address was on the 1930 U.S. Census. At least 1935 to at least 1940: 1252 N. Artesian Avenue, Chicago, IL. This address was on the 1940 U.S. Census for Antonina/Antoinette. (Stanisław had died in 1938 and Edward had married and moved elsewhere in 1939.) Sometime after 1940 to 3/1950: Manteno State Hospital, Manteno Township in Kankakee County, Illinois. This is where Antoinette was hospitalized. 3/1950 to 8/1956: 3354 N. Nottingham, Chicago, IL. This is where Antoinette lived with Edward and his family until her death. DOCUMENTS AND REFERENCES related to Stanisław, Antonina (nee Pietrusziewicz), and Edward Bejnarowicz (prior to Edward’s marriage to Joan Prush in October, 1939):  “Certificate and Record of Birth” for Edward Bejnarowicz, State of Illinois, Department of Health of the City of Chicago, Bureau of Vital Statistics, filed by Emily Makowski, Physician or Midwife, 5/5/1922. (Comment from Larry: Edward was born on 7/27/1914, but the certificate was filed almost eight years later. This may have happened because the family needed a record of his birth—and U.S. citizenship—for their return to the U.S. in 7/1923.)  “Names and Descriptions of ALIEN Passengers Embarked at the Port of Southampton” for the Berengaria, departure on 7/7/1923.  “List or Manifest of Alien Passengers for the United States Immigration Officer at Port of Arrival,” 7/7/1923.  “New York, Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island), 1892-1924,” Event Date 7/13/1923, for Stanisław Bejnarowicz and Antonina Bejnarowicz.  Photo and ship description/history for the Berengaria, the ship the family sailed from Poland to New York in July 1923. (Many facts about the ship, including the following: it was built in Hamburg, Germany, in 1913, and was the largest ship afloat in 1913-14. First built for the Hamburg-American Line and named the Imperator, it sailed under the German flag. It was laid up in 1914, given to the US Government as reparations in 1919, and then was ceded to Britain in

11 1920 and sailed under the British flag. It was sold to the Cunard Line in 1921, renamed the Berengaria, and was refitted. It was withdrawn in 1938 and was scrapped in 1939-1946.  “U.S. World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918” for Stanisław Bejnarowicz, 9/12/1918.  “United States Declaration of Intention” (by Stanisław Bejnarowicz to become a U.S. Citizen), No. 27822, 8/1/1923.  Edward Bejnarowicz’s Grade Reports while at St. Hedwig School, Grades 4, 5, 6, and 8, 9/1923- 6/1928.  “United States of America Petition for Naturalization” (by Stanley Bejnarowicz), No. 62460, 9/5/1928.  “Stanley Bejnarowicz in the U.S. Naturalization Record Indexes, 1791-1992,” 1/8/1929.  “U.S. Naturalization Record Indexes, 1791-1992,” (Indexed in the World Archives Project), for Stanley Bejnarowicz, 1/8/1929.  Another record similar to the one above.  “Fifteenth Census of the United States: 1930,” and three companion records: “Stanley Bejnarowicz in the 1930 United States Federal Census”; “Antoinette Bejnarowicz in the ….”;Edward Bejnarowicz in the….”  Edward Bejnarowicz’s Grade Reports while at Murray F. Tuley High School, 4 years, 9/1928- 6/1932.  Edward Victor Bejnarowicz’s Courses and Grades at Crane Community College, 1932-33.  “C.C.C. Pass,” 12/1/1933. Issued to Edward Bejnarowicz, C.C. 6-46400, for permission to be absent from his organization and camp from 5 a.m., 12/1 to 6 a.m., 12/4, 1933, for the purpose of visiting Chicago, Ill.  “Stanley Bejnarowicz in the Illinois, Deaths and Stillbirths Index, 1916-1947.”  Obituary for Stanisław Bejnarowicz in a Chicago Polish Newspaper.  “Certificate of Death” for Stanley Bejnarowicz, Illinois Department of Public Health, Division of Vital Statistics, filed by Robert O. Levitt, MD, on 6/15/1938.

 “United States Census, 1940,” in which Antonina Bejnarowicz was listed.  Bureau of Statistics, Illinois Department of Public Health, “Medical Certificate of Death” for Antoinette Bejnarowicz, filed on 8/11/1956. (Antoinette/Antonina died on 8/10/1956.)  Obituary for Antonina Bejnarowicz in a Chicago Polish Newspaper, and a holy card commemorating the death of Antoinette Bejnarowicz.

 “Wilno Voivodeship (1926-1939),” Wikipedia. The History section begins, “In 1920 (which was around the time that the Bejnarowicz family returned to Poland) following the Polish- Lithuanian War and the Zeligowski’s Mutiny, Vilnius region became part of the Republic of Central Lithuania. In 1922…Central Lithuania was incorporated by parliament into the Second Polish Republic….”

12  Excerpts from the Lithuanian archives (in Vilnius) describing possible ancestors with the names of Jerzy and Ludwik Beynarowicz and Melchior Pietruszewicz, and Abdank and Piestnik Coats of Arms, in Polish (obtained by Larry Beyna on a trip to Vilnius in 1996; plus discussion and translation from Krystyna Malesa, a friend.  Postcard photos of Vilnius, Lithuania (formerly Wilno, Poland).  “Abdank coat of arms,” entry in Wikipedia (on the Internet).  “1919 Polish coup d’etat attempt in Lithuania,” article found on the Internet. The attempt was organized by Józef Pilsudski, who wanted to overthrow the Lithuanian government of Prime Minister Mykolas Slezevicius and install a pro-Polish cabinet that would agree to a union with Poland. (Comment from Larry: Our grandfather, Stanisław, was a craftsman who made numerous metal objects, including small molded busts of Abraham Lincoln and Józef Pilsudski.)  The Time We Went to Lenin’s Aid,” by Henry C. Wolfe, the Chicago Tribune, May 26, 1968. Describes the drought and famine that devastated Russia in 1921.  “History of Vilnius,” Wikipedia, 11 pages.  Saint Hedwig Catholic Church, Parish History, article from the Internet.  “Civilian Conservation Corps,” an article in Wikipedia. (Edward Bejnarowicz was in the CCC during the Great Depression.)  “Polish vs Lithuanian language: is your surname ‘bitch’ or ‘vulva’?” by Daiva Repeckaite, November 3, 2010, found on the Internet. A brief humorous article on what can happen when ethnic Polish names are spelled and pronounced in Lithuania.

Appendix 1: Manteno State Hospital

(Antonina Bejnarowicz stayed in this hospital from ____ to 1950.) From Wikipedia: Manteno State Hospital was a psychiatric hospital located in rural Manteno Township in Kankakee County, Illinois. The facility was authorized in 1927 by the 55th Illinois General Assembly with its first patients arriving in December 1930. In 1954, the patient population peaked at 8,195. In 1983, the facility was authorized for closure by Governor James R. Thompson and closed on December 31, 1985. From sometimes-interesting.com: In 1927, the state of Illinois purchased over 1,000 acres of land earmarked for a massive mental health complex to become known as the Manteno State Hospital.

13 By 1929 the dedication ceremony took place with Illinois announcing Manteno as the tenth such hospital to be “dedicated by the State of Illinois to the welfare of its people for their relief and restoration, a place of hope for the healing of the mind and body where many may find health and happiness again.” In December of 1930 Manteno officially opened, its first one hundred patients transferring in from nearby Kankakee State Hospital. The facility quickly grew, and in 1936 an additional 200 acres were purchased to expand the campus.

The program was so large it was virtually self-sustaining: there was a farming community, police force, fire department, utilities services, administrative complex, restaurants and miles of paved roads.

The earliest years proved to be an operational nightmare; Manteno was funded and established in the midst of the Great Depression. Compounding the hospital’s early woes were medical staffing shortages brought about by World War II. Qualified doctors and nurses across the United States were called up to assist with the war effort. Medical staffing at Manteno eventually became such a concern, high school dropouts were allowed to be hired as nurses. At one point, out of 120 nurses on staff – only 16 had actual nurse training. In 1934 the health budget was suddenly cut by 29%. Despite this, Manteno State Hospital watched its occupancy more than double over the next two years. In 1936 shock therapy was introduced, and a year later Manteno added a tuberculosis sanitarium.

The first disaster for Manteno was a typhoid fever epidemic, which lasted from July until December of 1939 and resulted in an estimated 60 deaths.

As the scope and funding of Manteno State Hospital grew, so did the number of patients. At its peak, Manteno was one of the largest facilities of its kind in the world: over 10,500 meals were served on a daily basis, the facility power plant generated over 2500 kilowatts of power, and up to 225 tons of coal were required to run all operations each day. The laundry facility opened in 1966 and was one of the largest in the world, processing over 115 tons of laundry each week.

14 Controversy: Over the years the hospital endured its share of controversies. Stories of patients attacking nurses would surface and rumors of patient abuse seemed to persist. There were allegations of the U.S. military conducting secret medical testing at Manteno during World War II. Patients would unknowingly be injected with malaria in an attempt by the military to find a remedy for the illness. In 1941 alone, 462 patients would die from the experimentation. Another 198 escaped from the facility. There were allegations of sexual abuse, and decades later it was revealed that in the 1950s the hospital had been conducting experimental surgeries on patients without consent. It was also during this time that lobotomies were a popular experimentation technique for treating mental illness, and Manteno State Hospital was no exception.

A former employee shared a story about a frustrated farmer who owned the corn field bordering the hospital. He decided to sell his property, because every year during harvest season he would find bodies of deceased patients who had gotten lost in his corn fields.

Decline: The patient population at Manteno State Hospital would eventually peak at 8,195 in 1954. Around this time, the hospital was operating with about 450 attendants – only 21 of which were registered nurses. The late 50s ushered in a time of contraction for Manteno, and it would start to see a reduced role for the state of Illinois.

By the early 60s the farm operations were shut down, and for the next decade the patient population would continue to dwindle as Federal subsidizing dictated the state shift elderly patients toward nursing homes. In 1975 Manteno State Hospital went through an organizational shift and was renamed Manteno Mental Health Center. Manteno would slowly continue to see a reduced role until finally operational cost became too much of a burden for the state. By 1983 Governor Jim Thompson decided it was finally time to shut the hospital down. After 55 years of operation, Manteno Mental Health Center closed its doors in December of 1985.