25 of These Questions Will Be on Your Final

25 of these questions will be on your final. 1. In the early years of industrial development, c) involved a prolonged struggle with Portugal. a) women in Japan emerged from traditional roles. d) followed a pattern similar to that of other Latin b) husbands and wives were given more opportunities to American independence movements. work together. e) was the result of the Napoleonic wars. c) married women had more opportunities for clerical 9. Marxism jobs. a) became the model for socialism in Western European d) British women lost jobs in domestic manufacturing. nations. e) families enjoyed improved housing. b) anticipated revolution in agrarian societies. 2. Common to most early industrial nations was the development of c) advocated centralization of the state. a) steel manufacturing. d) became a factor in the French Revolution. b) railroads. e) saw history as a series of class struggles. c) zaibatsu. 10. Both the Mexican revolts of 1821 and 1910 d) unions. a) were initially Creole-backed movements. e) low tariffs. b) ended in the immediate establishment of a republic. 3. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain c) resulted in territorial losses within a few years after a) was facilitated because of the enclosure movement. the revolt. b) followed a similar revolution in the United States. d) involved resistance to foreign influence. c) initiated an interest in global trade. e) were independence movements. d) received little government support. 11. Imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries e) produced a revolution in agriculture. was a result of all the following EXCEPT 4. New scientific and artistic expressions in the West in the a) nationalism. nineteenth century b) militarism. a) supported traditional beliefs. c) industrialization. b) relied on reason in literary expression. d) Social Darwinism. c) created new frontiers in physics. e) socialism. d) relied on observation rather than experiments to 12. Economic imperialism explain human behavior. a) did not lead to direct political control over new e) found no interest among the general population. territories. 5. World trade in the period 1750 to 1914 b) led to colonial dependence upon industrialized a) brought greater prosperity to China than to the West. nations. b) decreased the economic power of the West. c) was the most common imperialist model in Africa. c) strengthened Latin America’s trade position. d) led to increased industrialization of Latin America. d) concentrated on the Atlantic Ocean. e) led to close political ties between Latin American and European nations. e) benefited Western colonial powers. 13. Nationalism 6. The American and the French revolution were alike in all the following ways EXCEPT a) brought tolerance for diversity within the Russian Empire. a) they both brought increased political power for women. b) eased tensions within the Austrian Empire. b) they were prompted by issues of taxation. c) delayed the unification of both Italy and Germany. c) they both involved representation in their respective d) created increased devotion to tsarist rule after the languages. Russo-Japanese War. d) they produced documents that defined similar natural e) served as both a unifying and a divisive force. rights. 14. European imperialism was facilitated by all the following EXCEPT e) they were based on Enlightenment thought. a) medical advances. 7. The Haitian Revolution was the only revolution of the period 1750 b) the abolition movement. to 1914 that was initiated and fought by c) the invention of the steam engine. a) Creoles. d) improved European weaponry. b) mestizos. e) the desire for commercial plantations. c) slaves. 15. A major factor in the expansion of industrialization was the d) foreign mercenaries. development of e) elite classes. a) Socialism 8. The Brazilian independence movement b) Feudalism a) resulted in the abolition of slavery. c) Land grants b) produced a republic for Brazil. d) Railroads e) Disability insurance b) It led to an increase in urbanization throughout much 16. In the 18th century, France and England fought over territory in of Europe. a) Asia and Central America c) It influenced the development of the factory model of b) Africa and the Balkans production. c) Asia and the Caribbean d) It was used as a justification was the inferior treatment of colonial people. d) North America and Asia e) The Atlantic slave trade declined as a result. e) South America and the Pacific 24. The first republic to grant equality to all its citizens in the western 17. Industrialization is stimulated by all the following EXCEPT hemisphere was a) Technical know-how a) The United States b) An ample population to serve as a work force b) Bolivia c) Investment capital c) Haiti d) Access to natural resources d) Jamaica e) An organized union movement e) Mexico 18. The American and French Revolutions were both caused in part by 25. All of the following were effects of the Haitian Revolution EXCEPT a) Food shortages owing to poor harvests a) The plantation economy continued to flourish. b) Problems of royal succession b) Slaves were freed. c) High taxation that bred discontent c) The United States refused to recognize Haiti’s d) Lack of social mobility in the peasant class independence. e) Church interference d) Other independence movements followed. 19. Which of the following statements is true regarding the growth of e) The economic growth of the island was slowed nationalism in the 19th century? 26. Capitalism is usually characterized by all the following EXCEPT a) War and conflict were often used as vehicles to unite a) Private ownership of property the people. b) Upward social mobility b) The transition to nationhood was usually smooth with little internal conflict. c) The dynamics of supply and demand c) Only European nations experienced a growth in d) Government ownership of industry nationalism e) Private investment in small and large businesses th d) Minorities were usually viewed as equal member of 27. Independence movements in South America in the early 19 society in the new nations. century took advantage of the e) European imperialism prevented the rise of a) Inflationary policies instituted by Spain nationalism in Asia. b) Spain’s involvement in the Napoleonic Wars 20. All the following are helpful catalysts leading to political revolution c) American victory over Spain in Cuba EXCEPT d) Sliver trade in Asia a) Excessive taxation. e) Rise of Japan as an imperial power b) A large gap between rich and poor. 28. Mercantilism promoted the idea that national wealth was based c) A powerful feminist movement. on d) A large underclass. a) A favorable balance of exports over imports e) A corrupt and uncaring regime. b) Imperial taxation 21. In the 18th century, MOST revolutionary leaders tended to be c) Foreign investment in infrastructure members of the d) An isolationist military policy a) Slave class e) Land redistribution b) Working class 29. Why was England the first country to industrialize? c) Catholic clergy a) It already had a developed trade system. d) Educated middle class b) The depletion of timber caused it to rely more heavily e) Nobility on coal. 22. The 17th- and 18th-century slave trade had the greatest impact on c) It had a well-developed transportation network. which part of Africa? d) It was already heavily urbanized. a) The Sinai e) All of the above. b) West Africa 30. Which of the following statements would Marxist oppose? c) Sub-Saharan Africa a) It is best to skip the capitalist stage and move straight d) South Africa to communism. e) East Africa b) Economic competition is inherently unfair. 23. Which of the following statements best describes the significance c) The upper classes exploit the labor of the lower of Social Darwinism? classes. a) It was a significant breakthrough in revolutionary d) Laissez-faire capitalism leads to inequality. theory. e) None of the above. 31. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the French Revolution? 37. The statement above most directly reflects the 19th century a) A wide gap between ordinary citizens and the philosophy of country’s elite a) Social Darwinism b) The unfairness of the tax system b) Marxism c) Middle class dissatisfaction with the present state of c) Nationalism affairs d) Scientific racism d) A peasant revolt against the middle class e) Positivism e) The influence of the Enlightenment 38. Which of the following is the most fundamental cause of the 32. At the Congress of Vienna, French Revolution of 1789? a) The peace following World War I was settled a) Fear of invasion by other European countries b) Post-Napoleonic treaties were decided on b) The attempted escape of Louis XVI and Marie c) Legislators gathered to work out the design for a Antoinette to Austria League of Nations c) The fall of the Bastille d) The German states were allowed to unify d) The perception that political power and social e) All of the above privileges were unfairly distributed 33. In what major way did democratization in nineteenth-century e) The incompetence of Louis XVI’s ministers France and Britain differ? 39. The North and South American independence movements of the a) Britain’s process was more consistent and less violent. late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries shared which of b) France’s process was more consistent and less violent. the following? c) Women were granted suffrage in Britain, whereas a) Limitation of civil rights to a minority of the population French women were not. b) Reliance on Christian teachings to define revolutionary d) Women were granted suffrage in France, whereas demands British women were not. c) Industrial economies that permitted both areas to e) None of the above. break free of European control 34. What impact did the Haitian Rebellion have on the outside world? d) The desire of a majority of revolutionary leaders to create a politically united hemisphere a) It caused rebels elsewhere to think twice before staging a coup. e) Political instability caused by constant warfare among the new states b) It caused France to work harder toward gaining a stronger colonial foothold in America. 40. During the French Revolution the Jacobians favored the establishment of a(n) c) It inspired rebellions elsewhere in Latin America and caused France to abandon its main colonies in the New a) Representative democracy, granting wide powers to World. elected officials d) It encouraged other European powers to colonize b) Radical republic, emphasizing equality islands in the Caribbean. c) Limited monarchy e) It caused the southern parts of the United States to d) Absolute monarchy strengthen their hold on slaves. e) empire 35. As part of his strategy for gaining independence in northern 41. The concept of the European balance of power, as it emerged by provinces of South America, Simón Bolívar the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth a) Fought for the rights of mixed-race peoples and the centuries, had which of the following as its most fundamental freeing of slaves aim? b) Focused on enlisting the upper-classes, since they held a) The elimination of war as an instrument of most of the wealth international relations c) Drew from Napoleon’s tactics b) The prevention of the preponderance of one power in d) Stressed that he would not work to free the slaves Europe e) Held up the justice of Spanish rule as an example c) An approximate balance between the land and the sea elsewhere powers 36. Between 1750 and 1914 the “cult of domesticity” defined the lives d) Isolation of conflict to certain contested land areas of e) The division of Europe into two groups of states, both a) Middle class women in industrialized countries approximately equal in potential military power b) Lower class women in industrial cities 42. Which phase of the French Revolution is William Wordsworth describing in the quote below? c) Elite women in China “The mother from the Cradle of her Babe, d) Muslim families in the Ottoman Empire The Warrior from the Field, all perished, all, e) Indian women and children during the British raj Friends, enemies, of all parties, ages, ranks, “ There are three major races that historically have developed on earth: Head after head, and never heads enough the Mongoloid, the Caucasian, and the Negroid. After careful research, For those that bade them fall.” it has been determined that the average brain size of the Caucasian is significantly larger than that of the Negroid.” a) During the crisis that forced Louis XVI to call together e) Imperialist countries almost always encouraged the Estates General industrialization in the countries that they controlled. b) At the time of the storming of the Bastille 47. Which Spanish colony experienced a major popular rebellion c) At the time when the first Constitution was accepted before a Creole-led military succeeded in gaining independence? d) During the Reign of Terror a) Puerto Rico e) At the time that the Directory was ruling b) Gran Colombia “ The National Assembly, considering that it has summoned to c) Argentina establish the constitution of the kingdom, to effect the d) Cuba regeneration of public order, and to maintain the true principles e) Mexico of monarch; that nothing can prevent it from continuing its deliberations in whatever place it may be forced to establish 48. In social sense the American, French, and Latin American itself; and , finally, that wheresoever its members are revolutions can all be regarded as wars that assembled, there is the National Assembly; a) Protested against taxes b) Established religious freedom Decrees that all members of this assembly shall immediately take a solemn oath not to separate, and to reassemble wherever c) Implemented governments that would foster circumstances required, until the constitution of the kingdom is commercial expansion established and consolidated upon firm foundations; and that, d) Protected the populace from growing foreign the said oath taken, all members and each one of them dominance individually shall ratify this steadfast resolution by signature.” e) Reflected the growing power and culture of the bourgeoisie 43. The above document records an oath of unity taken by members th of the 49. During the 18 century, the migration of English workers from the countryside to the cities dramatically increased as a direct a) French Third Estate in opposition to Louis XVI, thus result of marking the beginning of the French Revolution a) Faster and better water transportation b) First Continental Congress in their opposition to George III, thus marking the beginning of the American b) Better living conditions in London and other Revolutionary War industrialized cities c) French legislative assembly in response to the defeat c) The enclosure movement of Napoleon I, thus marking the restoration of the d) Job opportunities in cities caused by the emigration of French monarchy British citizens to the Americas d) First legislature of Gran Columbia, in defiance of e) Improved ground transportation, including the building Ferdinand VI, King of Spain of railroads e) First legislature of Brazil, in defiance of Pedro II, King of Portugal 44. All of the following were key factors that helped Britain take an early lead in industrialization EXCEPT: a) Natural resources b) Human resources c) Large amounts of land relative to population d) New technology e) Capital and demand 45. Nationalism is a(n) a) Desire of people for self-expression b) Desire of people for democratic government c) Policy of redistributing national wealth d) Inevitable result of revolutions e) Feeling that unites people of the same language, history, and tradition 46. Which of the following is a correct statement regarding the relationship between industrialization and imperialism? a) Only industrialized nations with absolute rulers practiced imperialism. b) Competition among industrialized nations was a major motivation for imperialism. c) Imperialist nations turned to manufacturing in order to make use of products from countries they controlled. d) Industrialized nations generally had to free some of their colonies in order to concentrate on manufacturing.