Chapter 19 Ammonia

Chapter 19 – Ammonia

The greatest use of ammonia is in ______. Plants needs ammonia to make ______and other growth compounds, however, most plants cannot use the N2 gas directly from the ______. Instead they have to absorb soluble nitrogen compounds from the soil. The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ______nitrogen compounds that can be used by plants is called nitrogen ______. ammonium nitrate fertilizer … ______ammonium phosphate fertilizer ______ammonium sulfate fertilizer … ______urea fertilizer … ______

Ammonia is also used in the production of:-

–______acid [4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)  4NO(g) + 6 H2O(g)] –______fibres [eg. nylon] –______[NH4NO3] –______[sulfonamides]

Ammonia is formed from the reaction of ______with hydrogen. The following is an example of production: STEP 1: ______

STEP 2: CO(g) + H2O(l)  CO2(g) + H2(g)

Carbon dioxide is then removed so the H2 can reaction with ______. Ammonia is manufacture using the ______process, which employs an iron/iron oxide catalyst. The reaction is ______.

-1 N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g); ΔH = -91kJ mol By using Le Chatelier’s principle you can predict the way in which temperature and pressure will alter the ______yield of ammonia. If the ______exerted increases, the system moves to ______the pressure by moving the position of the equilibrium to the side with fewer particles. Therefore ______pressure will lead to an increase in the amount of ______. Since the forward reaction is ______, the position of equilibrium will lie further to the right and the equilibrium yield of ammonia will increase at ______temperatures. The rate of reaction will be faster as the temperature ______, as the pressure increases or if a ______is used.

The ______process maximises the conversion of nitrogen and hydrogen into ammonia by recycling ______gases back into the converter for further passes over the ______. In this way, almost complete conversion is achieved. Because the hydrogen is recycled, the amount of ______feedstock required from the hydrogen generation process is reduced. Consequently the amount of raw materials, energy and waste materials involved in the production of the hydrogen used in the Haber process is ______. In some section of the production process, ______solutions of ammonia are produced when gases being released to the atmosphere are ______by passing them through water. These solutions can also be used in the manufacture of urea.

In gaseous form it is an ______irritant to the eyes, ______system and other parts of the body. Areas need to be well ______and safety clothing must be worn. Because ______is a gas at room temperature, in the event of a spill, it can usually be allowed to disperse after ensuring safety of people who are ______.