Lic. En Mercadotecnia
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UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE HIDALGO Lic. En Mercadotecnia Modalidad Virtual
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Report Information Knowledge Language Information I
“Reported Speech”
LELI. Karim Juárez Cortes Idea original
Reported Speech
Direct Speech is exactly what someone says. We use quotation marks (“”) in direct speech.
“Your hair looks great! And you are really pretty”
“OK boys, wait a moment one by one because I can’t listen to your opinions clearly”
Reported Speech is the exact meaning of what someone said but not the exact words. We do not use quotation marks in reported speech.
Example: o George said (that) her hair looked great and she was really pretty.
o The teacher said to the students (that) to wait a moment because she couldn’t listen to their opinions clearly.
LELI. Karim Juárez Cortés 2 REPORTING GENERAL TRUTHS
When we report something which is always true, the verb tense is the same as in direct speech.
Examples:
Direct Speech: “My father has bad temper”, Susana says. “Whales are endangered species”, he says. “Mexico city is too polluted”, he says to his sister.
Reported Speech: She says that her father has bad temper. He says that Wales are endangered species. He says to his sister that Mexico is too polluted.
REPORTING STATEMENTS
Direct Speech Reported Speech
LELI. Karim Juárez Cortés 3 She says (that) she wants to help with “I want to help with the new Marketing project. the new Marketing project”. NOTE: When the reporting verb (say, tell etc) is in the simple present, the verb tenses do not change in reporting speech. We use the same tense as direct speech.
She said (that) she wanted to help with the new Marketing project.
NOTE: When the reporting verb changes in the past tense, the verb tenses in direct speech change in reported speech.
In reported speech, we say what someone else said and the word THAT is optional. Examples: Direct Speech Reported Speech “I feel nervous”, Susana said. Susana said that she felt nervous. OR Susana said she felt nervous.
Rodrigo: “I won an award”. Rodrigo told us that he had won an award. OR Rodrigo told us that he had won an award.
In reported speech the personal pronouns also change.
Examples: Direct Speech Reported Speech “I lost my keys”, Susana said Susana said that she had lost her keys. Rodrigo: “I’m tired and my head Rodrigo said to me that he was tired hurts”. and his head hurt.
LELI. Karim Juárez Cortés 4 She said that he was right.
“ He is right,” she says
Some words change too, especially those which express time. Examples: Direct Speech Reported Speech “Ana isn’t here”, Susana said Susana said that Ana wasn’t there.
Rodrigo: “I’ll come back next Rodrigo said to me that he would week”. come back the following week.
“I went to Mexico city Susana said that she had gone to yesterday”, Susana said. Mexico City the day before. When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the verb tenses change in reported speech.
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH Simple Present Simple Past “ I want to go out tonight”, he said. He said that he wanted to go out that night.
Present Continuous Past Continuous “ I am looking for information on the He said that he was looking for web”, he said. information on the web.
Future “Will” “Would” “ I will buy a new history book”, he He said that he would buy a new history said. book.
“Can” “Could” “ I can’t go to the doctor with you”, He said to Ana that he couldn’t go to he said. the doctor with her.
LELI. Karim Juárez Cortés 5 “May” “Might” “I may participate in the literature He said that he might participate in the contest,” he said. literature contest.
“Be ( am/ is/ are) + going to “ “Be ( Was/ were) + going to “ “I’m going to buy a new computer He said that he was going to buy a new next weekend”, he said. computer the following weekend.
Simple Past Past Perfect “I met my best friend in high school”, He said that he had met his best friend he said. in high school.
Present Perfect “I have visited a lot of cultural He said that he had visited a lot of places”, he said. cultural places.
Past Perfect “I had prepared the food”, he said. He said that he had prepared the food.
Past continuous Past Perfect Continuous “Thomas was eating with his He said that Thomas had been eating girlfriend”, he said. with his girlfriend.
Present perfect continuous “I have been working on my He said that he had been working on his Marketing project for 2 weeks”, he Marketing project for 2 weeks. said.
Past perfect Continuous “ I had been working in the factory”, He said that he had been working in the he said. factory.
SAY or TELL
We use SAY or TELL both in direct and reported speech.
Examples: Direct Speech: “I don’t want to go to the discotheque”, Ricardo said.
LELI. Karim Juárez Cortés 6 Reported Speech: Ricardo said (that) he didn’t want to go to the discotheque. (We use say without a personal pronoun)
Ricardo said to me (that) he didn’t want to go to the discotheque. (We always use TO after SAY if we are going to mention a personal pronoun.)
Ricardo told me (that) he didn’t want to go to the discotheque. (We always use TELL with a personal pronoun and we never use TO with TELL)
Say and Tell are also used with the next expressions:
SAY TELL Good morning, Good afternoon, etc. The truth Something, nothing, etc. A lie One’s prayers A secret A few words A story No more etc. The time The difference Somebody one’s name One’s fortune, etc.
REPORTING QUESTIONS Examples: Direct speech Read the next bubbles about some questions that a girl asked.
Do you like to Where do you dance reggae live? music?
Did you go to What are you the welcome doing? party yesterday?
LELI. Karim Juárez Cortés 7 Reported Speech Now read the reported speech form of the previous questions.
Yesterday … Yesterday… Susana asked me if I liked to She asked ( me) where I lived dance reggae music. She asked (me) if I had gone to She asked (me) what I was the welcome party the day doing. before. Wh- questions FORM Yes- No questions FORM Ask + WH + subject + verb Ask + if + subject + verb
REPORTING ORDERS OR INSTRUCTIONS
Direct Speech Read the next bubbles about some instructions a teacher is giving in class.
Do your Don’t arrive homework. late.
Keep silence. Don’t eat in the classroom.
Reported Speech Now, read the reported form of the previous orders and instructions.
LELI. Karim Juárez Cortés 8 Yesterday … Yesterday… Our teacher ordered us to keep Our teacher said not to arrive silence. late. Our teacher told us to do our Our teacher said not to eat in the homework. classroom. To report instructions we use: Affirmative: Ask/ tell/ say / order + direct object + TO – infinitive
Negative: Ask/ tell/ say / order + direct object + NOT + TO – infinitive
Time Expressions
When we use certain words that express time in direct speech, we also change them in reported speech as follows.
Direct Speech Reported Speech . Tonight, today . That night, that day . Now . Then, at the time . Yesterday, last night, last week, . The day before, the night before, etc . the week before, etc. . Tomorrow, next week, next . The following day, the following month, etc. week, the following month, etc. . Two days ago, three hours ago, . Three days before, three hours etc. before, etc. . This, these . That, those
LELI. Karim Juárez Cortés 9 R E F E R E N C E S:
Evans Virginia and Dooley Jenny (1999). Enterprise 2 Course book. USA: Express Publishing. Evans Virginia and Dooley Jenny (1999). Enterprise 2 Grammar book. USA: Express Publishing. Evans Virginia and Dooley Jenny (1999). Enterprise 3 Grammar book. USA: Express Publishing. C. Richards Jack and Proctor Susan (1997). New interchange student’s book. USA: Cambridge University Press. Stempleski Susan and Curtis Andy (2005). World Link 3 teacher’s book. USA: Thomson. Redston Chirs and Cunningham (2005). Face2Face pre- intermediate student’s book. Italy: Cambridge University Press. Johannsen Kristin (2010). World English 3 teacher’s book. USA: Heinle, Cengage Learning.
LELI. Karim Juárez Cortés 10